Vance et al v. Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. et al

Filing 17

MEMORANDUM OPINION. Signed by Chief Judge Michael F. Urbanski on 2/20/18. (ejs)

CL S OFFI U,S. S; COUU
ERK'
CE
DI
ATRI NOKE, A
M
V

IN T H E U N I
TED STATE S D I
STRICT CO U RT

FL :
IE

FO R T H E W ESTE RN D I RICT O F V I N I
ST
RGI A
ABI GD O N D I SI N
N
VI O

FE 22 2 1
2
28

J
ERRY VAN CE, ta.
e 1
Pl ntf sy
ai if

W E LLS FAR G O BA N K,N . . etal
A,
D ef
endant
.

JULA
K t C.

CLERK

U C E K g'
LR t
s
'
)
) CiiAc i N o. :7 CV- 0 3 -PJ PM S
v l ton
11 - 0 0 4J )
)
)
) By: H o M iha l Ur ns i
n. c e F. ba k
)
ChifUnie S a e Ditit ud
e
t d t t s src J ge

M EM O M N D U M O PI I N
N O

Pli if J rya FrnVa c (olci l,h t nc s' fe t i c li (h
antfs er nd a n e c l t y t e f e ' i d her ompant t e
e ve
va ) l
d mpant o t mp .) ECF No. Ex A, g i s W el Fag Ba , A, t el Fag '
d
co li ' r t l',
' Co '
1 . a an t l r o nk N. (t l r o'
s
W s
)
algn t t el Fag ()voae Re l tt Sete nt o e ur sAc (RF.P '
l i g ha W l r o 1 iltd a Esae tlme Pr c d e t t S A'
e
s
t
)
rguains1 C. R. j1 2 .9a 1 2 41 a ()bra he t ei l d c v na tof o
e lto 2 F. j 0 43 nd 0 4. , nd 2 e c d h mpi o e n g od
e
f ih a f i de lng unde V ig ni l w . sm a t ri bef e t cout on W e l Fa go'
at nd ar a i
t r i a a Thi te s or he
t
ls t s

M o in t Dirl st Co li wihptjdc p tua tt Rue1 ( 6 ofteFe e a Rue
to o sr s he mpant t eu ie u s n o l 21 ) h d rl ls
i
$(
ofCi l oc
vi Pr edur E CF N o.3. t r as di c s d be ow ,t c twilD E N Y W e l
e.
For he e ons s us e l
he our l
ls

Fagosmo in t ds s t eVa c s cam f tavoain o 1 C. R. 1 2 .9 Bu ,he
r ' to o imis h n e' li o ilto f 2 F. j 0 43 . t t
c u twi DI M I S t Va e ' li f rvoainsof1 C. R. 1 2 41a d b e c oft
o r l S S he nc s cams o ilto
l
2 F. j 0 4. n r a h he
d yo g odfiha fi d aigwi u p eudc .
ut f o at nd ar e l t t rj ie
n ho
1.

W e l Fa go m ovest di m i s t Com pli unde Fe r lRul ofCi i Pr dur
ls r
o s s he
ant
r de a
e
v l oce e

1 ( 6 f rfi r t saeacam. l 1 ( 6 pemisads sa whe apan ffi do
21 ) o al e o tt li Rue 21 ) r t imisl n lidf al t
$(
u
$(
st

saeacam u nwhc tl f a b g a e . Fe R. v. 1 $()To s nr eaRue
tt li po ih ei c n e rntd' d. Ci P. 2( 6 . u i
e
'
v
l
1 9 6 mot n t ds s, c mplitmus c nti s f intça t t saeacam t rl f
2 $() i o imis a o an
o
t o an ufi e f cs o tt li o ei
c f
e

ta i pa il o isfc . Bel lCo . Twomb ,5 0U.. 4 , 7 (0 7 . e
h ts lusbe n t a e' lAt
'
.
v.
l 5 S 5 4 5 0 2 0 ) Th
c mplitstfa tll l g é nsmus bee u ht riearg tt rl fa o t s c lt e
o an ' t lct al a o
g a e
t no g o as ih o ei b ve he pe ua i
e
v
l ve . I a 55
e l' d. t 5.
'

A c u tmus c nsr efcu lalg t nsi t eno vngpat fv a wi te t
o r t o tu a t a l ai n h nmo i rfs a or nd l r a
e o
l
t m a tt , t sK ots bo ndwiht s c t g c li 'llg l o lso . Dit 2 .
he s rz bu i i o u
e
n
t epe t o a omp ant e a c ncu i ns' s. 8
s
'

Unie Mi W o k r o Am.l . W el r Co l @ .6 9F.d1 8 ,1 8 (t Ci. 9 9.
td ne r es f , nc v. l e a Co , 0 2 0 3 0 5 4. r 1 7 )
mo
h
I e acour wila ce net rfe lc l i dr wn fom t fct'nord
nde d,
t l c pt ihe f ga oncusons a r he a s'
l
ï
unwa r nt d
ta e

i ee e , t ao b ec ncuso , rag me s'E. ho eM k s. n . JD. s c . d
nfrnc s un e s na l o l ins o r u nt. S r t.l c v. . Aso s Lt .
'

P'hp, 1 F.d 1 5 1 0(t Ci. 0 0 . uthe,tl r a baerctl oft eee nt ofa
s i 2 3 3 7 , 8 4h r 2 0 ) F t r tth e d r e ias h lme s
g
c us ofaci s
a e
ton, uppote by m e ec l or sae e s do nots fc . As r tv.I ba,
td
r oncus y t tm nt ,
ufi e' hc of
'
l

5 6U.. 6 , 78(0 9. yatracam i sae a e u tl ma i t n ç s ppo tdb
5 S 6 2 6 2 0 ) Onl fe li s ttd d q aey y t he f u re y
be
s
howi a s toff ct c i t ntw ih t a l ga i i t c pl i , Twom bl , U . a
ng ny e
a s ons se
t he le tons n he om ant'
'
550 S. t
563.
II.

RESP. i <a c um e pr e ton s a ut whi h Cong e spa s i or r t r or t
A s C ons r ot c i t t e, c
r s s ed n de o ef m he
t a es a e s tl m e pr es .
e l t t e te nt oc s The s a ut w a i e d t ens e t tc um e st c i d
t t e s nt nde o ur ha ons r e eve
i or a i a
nf m ton bouts tl entc t ,a t pr e tt m f om hi s tl m e f e a t
e tem
os s nd o ot c he r
gh e te nt e s nd he

pot ntal a i pr ctce ofpr de s'Au e ti v.Col welBa rRe lEsa eLLC, o.
e ily busve a i s
ovi r .
'
nsen
d l nke a tt
N

TheCo ume Fi n ilPr tci nBu e u (Bu e u' <sa ho ie t prsrb s c
ns r na ca o e to r a f r a ' d ut rz d o ec ie u h
f
)i
rles and r atons,t m ake s i em r atons and t gra s r
tl
egul i
o
uch nt et i ,
o nt uch easonabl exem ptons f
e
i
ot
cl es ofeans i asm a beneces ry t achi ve t pum os ' ofRESPA .12 U. C.
ass
actons,
y
sa o
e he
es'
S.

j2 1 .
67

A.

RESPA Se ton 10 39 r quiesa s r i e t de t bls orm a good f ih e f t t
ci
24. e r
e v c o d s a ih
kc
a t f ot s o

e t bls l c a twih adei ntborowe notlt rt n t 36t da oft borowe '
sa ih i ont c t
ve
l
nque
r r
a e ha he h y he r rs
dei
lnque y a pr pty a t e t bls ng l c a t i or s h bor owe a
nc nd, om l fer s a i hi i ont c , nf m uc
ve
r r boutt
he

a i bh yofls mig to o i n i a r pdae'1 C. R. 1 2 .9a. t igi S ci n
val i' o s t ai n pto s f pp o t. 2 F. j 0 43 () No hn n e to
a t
i
'
102 39 e iil c e saprva erg ofa ton t aborowe . e e r l L. But ast
4. xplcty onf r
i t iht c i o
r r Se ne al ds , he
V a s s a e not ng d a e i a l r m ovesor de esa prva e rghtofac i ' Pl' M e . w
nce t t , hi K t gorc ly e
c
ni
i t i
ton. ,
' s m La

whehe i c
t r t onve saprva erghtofa i
y
i t i
cton.
W he c t m us detr i whe he sautsorrgultonsc
n our s t em ne
t r tt e
e ai
onve prva erght of
y i t i s
a ton,a f w ge r l i i e a y. t ke s t ntve f de a l w is l, i t rght ofa ton
ci
e
ne a prnc pl s ppl i
Li ubs a i e r l a t e f prva e i s c i

t e or e f de a lw mus be c e t d by Congr s'Alxa rv.S ndova , U. 275,28
o nf c e r l a
t rae
es . e nde
'
a
l 532 S.
6

(0 1 . rhe,fjn u g i ar g lt n ma i o eap iaerg to a t n t tCo g e s
2 0 ) Fu t r f a g a e n e uai
q
o y nv k rv t ih f ci ha n r s
o
t ough s a t y t xtcr a e buti m a notc e e a rghtt tCongr s ha not' I a 291.
hr
t m or e
e t d,
t y
r at i ha
es s .' d. t

And,fg he a a nc i ept t isownrguai t Cour,a age rlr e defr t i
f n n ge y ntr es t
wl
e lton,he
t s ne a ul, e s o t
d

unl s t ti e r t ton i pl i y e t ousoti onss e w ih t r gu a i ''D e ke v.
e s ha nt m e a i s a nl r one
nc i t nt t he e l ton.
' c r

Nw. v lDe . ., 6 U.. 9 , 1 (01 )(u t ChaeBa US N. v. c , 6
En t. fCt.5 8 S 5 7 6 3 2 3 q oi
r
ng s nk A A. M co 5 2
U.. 9 , 0 (01 ).
S 1 5 2 8 2 1)
l Sc ni v. nn m acLoa Seas LLC,t c tdecde t sve yis f a he
n hr dt Pe
n tr.
he out
i d hi r s ue ot not r

s cin ofRe uainX. 0 F. u p. d 8 9 8 7 ( D. c 2 5 . nS hr d , h p antf
et
o
g lto 1 6 S p 3 5 , 6 E. Mih. 01 ) I c nit t e li if
fl a cl m agans t def
ied ai
i t he endantale ng a vi aton Regul i X ' Secton 1024.
lgi
ol i
aton s
i
40

pr ul ed by t Bur The cour t ned t Secéon 1024. sre at hi ory t
om gat
he eau.
t ur
o
40' gul ory st o
det i w het a prvat rghtofacton exi t The courtl ned t i t pr
erm ne
her i e i
i
s ed.
ear
hat n he opos t
al o

pr
omul t Seci 1 4. Tt CFPB r le upon lg sa i t ta gua ywoul ha
ga e ton 02 40, fhe
eid
e ilton ha t bl
d ve

c a ee asau o yc us ofa t t r u h rg ain'b ct g s bscin 6 () )o
h nn ld tt t r a e ci h o g e ult ' y ii u e t $)1 7, f
on
o
n
o
RESPA. d.a 87 But t c tsae tgn isfna r lng,t CFPB ba ke a yfom t s
l t 0. ,he our ttd,çj t i l ui he
i
c d wa t hi
i plc ton a i f ct de e t tt r gul ùon pr de orc nne e a ptva e rghtof
m i a i nd, n a , ni d ha he e a
ovi d
ha l d ny i t i
a ton. 1 l por a t t c ts a l s swast f c t tt Bur a tdt
c i ' d. m t nt o he our ' na y i
'
he a t ha he
e u d oppe is r la e
d t e i nc

o RES scin 6 ()1)'1 a 8 1 Afe rve n t et g ltr h so ya t e
n PA e t $)1 (, ' d. t 7 . tr e iwig h e uao y it r nd h
o
ï.
s a ut y a hort t Bur a r le on t pr ul t t fna r e t c tc l d t t
t t or ut iy he
e u eid
o om ga e he i l ul , he our onc ude ha
Se ton 1 40 di notte f c ua e aprva ey e or e bl s a tt y rght' I
c i 024.
d
ffe t t
i t l nf c a e t tlor i . d.
'
I t s c s conduc i t s m e t pe ofa l i a t Schr dtc tl a t t
n hi a e,
tng he a
y
nayss s he
ni our e ds o he

o post c ncu i f S cin 1 2 .9 TheBu e uiial d r p e t i e n j1 2 .9
p i o lson or e t 0 43 .
e
o
r a nt l f o osd o mplme t 0 43
iyp

p ru nt o a ho i u e sc ns6$)1 1 ) 6 )3, n 1 ()of PA . .'M o ta e
u s a t ut rt nd r e éo
'
y
() , ( () a d 9a RES . . rg g
'
S r iigRue Un e t Re l tt S tlme tAc ( g lto X) 7 Fe Re . 06 6 1 7 0
e vcn ls d r he a Esae ete n t Re uain , 8 d. g 1 9 , 0 9
( s me Fi Pr tBu eu Fe 1 , 0 3 (obec iida 1 C. R p .1 2 ) TheBu e u
Con u r n. o . r a b. 4 2 1 ) t odfe t 2 F. t 0 4 .
ra
ma et i pr posl ur 1 C. R. 1 2 ' n c a d c mme tp ro wih t k o e g
d hs o a d i 2 F. j 0 4s où e n o n ei d t he n wld e
ng
t tdv ilto ofs cin 6ofRES A aes be t o aprv t rg o a t n. 1 . rngt
ha f joains e to
g
P r u jc t
iae iht f ci ' d Du i he
o '
n iea d c mme tp ro ,fj u t c mme e s icu ig . . e rlag b nksrr es,
ot n o n e id ignd s. o ntr,n ldn . svea lr e a e vc rg
c
i
t
y
i j
w e e c e ne t taprva e rg ofa ton w oul r ul i unc r ant f s r i e s a coul
r onc r d ha
i t i ht c i
d es t n
e t i ' or e v c r nd
y
d
de a l sm ii ton efor s a t f e l ur pr es ... ' 1 The d om m e e sr q s e
l y os tga i
f t nd he ot c os e oc s .' d.
t
c
nt r e ue t d

t tt Bu e uis t ee ryitr e to gh ti, e to 1 2 .% . . oeyi rl nc o
ha he ra sue h al n e v n in t a s S c in 0 43 . s ll n ei e n
a

RES A s cin 1 ()a t o i . I No ehee s atrc nsd rngt i usr c mme t,he
P e to 9a u h tt ' d. n t ls, fe o iei he nd ty o n s t
y'
Bu e ua o e f 1 2 .9pu s a tt isa t o iisu d rs c o 6 3 , $)1T, a d
r a d ptd ç 0 43 ru n o t u h rt n e e é ns $() 6 () ) n
j
e
,
19()ofRF, V.'1 a 1079 .
a
SPZ ' d. t 0-91

Congr s gr ntd t Bur a e ii a hort t cr a er gultonsunde a RES
e s a e he e u xplct ut iy o e t e ai
r ny
PA

s ci .1 U.. j2 7 RES A S cin 6 )3 g a t t eBu e ua t ort t K sa l h a y
e t 2 SC. 61 . P e t ( () rn s h r a u h iy o t tbi n
on
o
e s
rqz e n sne e sr t c ryou t i s cin. l j2 0 j ()An RES S cin
e tr me t c say o ar t hs e t ' d. 6 5 )3 . d, PA e t
i
o '
o
6 () )p o i e t ta( eaie o afd rl rltdmo t a es lno . . alt c mpl
$)1 T, r v d s ha t tr r f e eal eae rg g hal t . fi o o y
s c
y
wih a ot obl ton f
t ny her i i ound by t Bur a ... r gu a i t be a opra e t c ry out
ga
he
eu
by e l ton, o
ppr i t o a t

t c n u rpt tcinpu po e ofti Ac. 1 j2 0 $)1 1 )TheBura t o o g l
he o s me o e to r s s h s t' d. 6 5 () .
'
e u h r u hy
c i r d is optonsw he de di w hi h RE S s c i t t l on whe pr ul ùng
onsde e t
i
n ci ng c
PA e tons o e y
n om ga

Se ton 1 39.I t fna ve son ofSe ton 1 3 t Bur a e plctyr le on RESPA
ci 024. n he i l ri
ci 024.9, he e u x iil ei d
Se ton 6 a t l ga a hort f pr ul tng t t e The Bur a s c c t r l on RESPA
ci
s he e l ut iy or om ga i he ' .
ul
e u' hoi e o e y
Se ton 6 i notpl i y e r ousori onss e w ih isown r gul don otise 'i s a u or
ci
s
a nl r one
nc i t nt t t
e a
t xphc t t t t y
a hort .Thus Se ton 102 39 c
ut iy
, ci
4. onve a prva e rghtofa ton.
ys i t i
ci
W e l Fa go c t sBr w n v. nk ofN . . e l f t pr
ls r ie o
Ba
Y M lon or he oposton t ttt r i no
ii ha the e s

p iaerg tofa to f ta alg dvolé n o . . 1 2 .9'De . M e S p Mot
rv t ih cin o n l e i a o f . j 0 43 . f' m. u p. .
e
1 s
Dimis ECF No 1 , t l Br wn,hec u t o cu e i o s n e efg ih rs c t
s s,
, 2 a 2.n o t o r c n ld d n ne e tnc < t epe t o
wl

pant f Re u a o X cams. . ee da sc rcl ag et a 1 C. R. j1 2 3 , 0 43 ,
li i ' g lù n li . d fn nt ore t r u h t 2 F. j 0 4.5 1 2 .9
fs
y
a 102 40 do note iil pr deaca e ofa ton t prvaei vi l. N o.116 c 1
nd 4.
xplcty ovi
us
c i o i t ndi duas'
'
: - v- 94

I B/ DDI 2 6W L 2 2 6 5 a + ( D. . a 9 2 6 . nr a hn isc n l in,he
LM I , 01
7 6 4 , t 2 E. Va M y , 01 ) l e c ig t o cuso t

c ur r l do Grs m v W el Fa oBa N. , 4 F. p' 3 5(t Ci. 0 6, o t
o t ei n eha . l r nk A.6 2 Ap x 5 5h r 2 1 ) f r he
e
s
pr ii t tSe i 1 39 doe notc y aprva erghtofa i Se Loposton ha cton 024.
s
onve
i t i
cton. e d.
l G r ha ,t pli i fc am e t tW el Fa go vi a e t d a l i e v nton' r l
n es m he antf l i d ha
ls r
ol t d he d ry nt r e i ' u e
e

a 1 C. R.j1 4. 642F. xa 359. c tsae t tKgl i Se ton 1 41
t 2 F. 02 39.
App' t The our ttd ha <unlke ci 024. ,
Secton 1024. doesnotexplc ty convey aprvat rghtofacton t bor
i
39
i il
i e i
i o rowers' l But tae
.' d. , l

c u twe on t syt e a s Ili if h sfi dt s pp t scam wih a yfcs wen e
o r nt o a d c u e / ant j a al o u or hi li t n a t, e d
èl
f
e

notr a t is ofwhet raprvaerghtofa ton c d be a ia eunde Se i
e ch he sue
he
i t i
ci oul
valbl
r cton
1 39. 1 a 35 n. 6. t cour di nota l z w het r Se ton 102 39 c
024. ' d. t 9 1 So, he
'
t d
na y e
he c i
4. onve a
ys
prva e rg ofa i t bor o e s The e or ,G r ha c nnot s a f pt
i t i ht cton o r w r . r f e es m a
t nd ot oposton t t
ii ha
Br w n c am s i does
o
li t
.
Be us t Bur u pr ul t d Se i 1 39 unde t a hort ofRESPA Se ton
ca e he ea om ga e cton 024.
r he ut iy
ci
6 a Se i 6 c e sa prva e rg ofa ton,Se ton 1 39 a horz a prva e rg of
nd cton onf r
i t i ht c i
c i 024. ut i es i t i ht
a ton.
c i Thus W el Fa go' M oton t D i m i s t V a e 'S ton 1 39 vi a i c am wil
, ls r s
i o s s he nc s ec i 024. ol ton li
l
be de e
ni d.
B.

6 2C. R. 1 2 41s t f rhr q ie nt frt s bmison c sd réo a
6 F. j 0 4. es o t e urme s o he u si , on i ea n, nd
1
a o in o rjcin ofa l ainsfrmorg g rl f'Tr del Carn t n Mot . evs
d pt r ee t
o
o
ppi to o
c
ta e ei . u lv. ri o
e'
t St .

L., , .11 -v 1 4 1TLL- , 0 6W L 6 8 8 2 a + ( D. ih. e . 7 2 1 )The
1. No :6 c - 0 4 - PTM 2 1
C.
0 0 2 , t 6 E. M c S pt2 , 0 6.
rg lt n e piil sae fa bo r we ma e o c t ep o iinso t i scin p s ntt
e uai x l t tt s ç l ro r y nfr e h r vso f hs e t urua o
o
cy
g
o

scin 6 f ofRES (2U.. 2 0 (). 1 C. R. 1 2 .1a. e to 6 t p o i e a
e t ()
o
PA 1 SC. 6 5 f ' 2 F. j 0 44 () S cin ( t v d s
)'
)
prva e rghtofa i t i i d l f da a a c t i ut e f f iur t c pl w ih
i t i
cton o nd vi ua s or m ges nd os s nc r d or a l e o om y t

a ypt vso i t scin. d j2 0 (
n o ii n n he e to I . 6 5 $.
S ci n 1 2 .1c sae tif sr e r c i sac mpeel sriiain a piain
e to 0 44 () tts çl a e dc r e eve o lt os n t t p l to
g
g o
c
m or t n 37 da s bef e a f e l ur s l t n, ihi 30 da s ofr c i ng a bor ow e '
e ha
y
or or c os e a e, he w t n
y
e evi
r rs
c pl t l s m ii ton a i ton,a s dce s l' e l t t bor owersl s m ii ton
om e e os tga i ppl i
ca
er r ha l vaua e he r
'
' os tga i
optonsa notf t bor ow e , n wr éng,t optons i a t s r i e wtlof e t
i
nd iy he t r i i
he i , f ny, he e v c r ' f r he
l

b ro r I j1 2 . () S t tig rf rt S ci n 1 2 .1c e laina n ic t n
o r we. d. 0 441c. o,he r e o he e to 0 44 () vau to nd otf ai
g
i o
t quie nt i t s nrc rst c i ofac
e t me s s he e ie ' e ept
ompl t l srttgaton a i ton.
ee os rii i ppl i l
ca
A tc pl el sn ii ton a i ton'i da a ia i c
tom et os atgai ppl i ' s Kn pplc don n onne éon wih whih a
ca
c
t
c
s r i e ha r c i d alt i or a i t t s r e r quiesf om a bor ow e i e l tng
e v c t s e e ve l he nf m ton hat he e dc r e r r
r r n va ua i

a piai sf rt l s mi to o i sa i bl t t b r we.' sr ie s le ecs
p l t o he o s t in pt val e o he oro rA e vc r hal x rie
c on
ka
on
a
r a ona e dlt nc i obt i ng doc e s a i or a i t com pl t a l s n ii ton
e s bl '' e n
lge
ani
um nt nd nf m ton o
e e os atga i

a l ain. 1 C. R. 1 2441$4)
ppi t ' 2 F. j 0 . ( 1.
c o '
l Gr s m ,h pli tf came t tt el Fag v oae t e( e u rg ains
n eha t e an if li d ha t l r o i ltd h Buta j e ult
W s
o

wi t s c t tua ta ln ' t1 C. R. 1 2 . . 6 2F. p' a 3 8 9. ec u tsae
t epe t o d lr ct g a 2 F. j 0 4417 4 Ap x t 5 -5 Th o r ttd
h
i
'
6 e t n 1 2 41g o l a pl swh r t snr e r c ic ac mpeel sr t t n a pl a o
t ci 0 4. () ny p i ce a e i r e ev s o lt os nigai p i d n
s o
e
c
i o
c

mor t n 3 d y b f r af rcos r sl.' d (uoi 1 C. R. 1 2 4 (). c ur
e ha 7 a s e o e o e l u e ae' 1 . q t 2 F. j 0 4.1 c)The o t
'
ng
t n w e on t s y t tt pl i i fçdi notpl a nori t t a e de e t the s it
he
nt
o a ha he antf f d
e d,
s he e ny vi nc , ha
ubm ted

a c plt l sn i ton a iai m or t n 37 da sbef et .. f e l ur s l.'I
om e e os adgai pplc ton
e ha
y
or he . or cos e ae' d.

Thu , h c u t o cud d t tt et ititc ur . . c re t c ncu e t tIli if fi d
s t e o r c n l e ha h t stc o t . . o rcl o ld d ha l ant j al
d
y
p f e
t putf t a f c ua c e t s
o
orh ny a t l ontnt o uppot iscam t tW el Fa go vi ae dua ta ki
t t li ha
ls r
ol td l r c ng
nles7 I .
1 .' d

l t i c s , h c mpli talg st tK TPC fx dW el Fag ala modfc t
n h s a e t e o an l e ha K
e
HJ
ae l ro o n
s
iiai
on
pa k g . Co l!2 . Va e fit alg ta t eCo n mo iiainpa k g 'c n an d
c a e' mp .k 0 The nc s al o l e h t h f a dfc to c a e' o tie
'
e
l
1Secton 1024.4 /)mpo e l t o wh nasnr e ma mo efnv r o frco u esls 1
i
1 i ss i s n e e i r y v o ad n o e ls r ae. 2
mi
c

C. R. 1 2 . ( LieS cin1 2 .1c, eto 1 2 .1 h sat g e' gc ndt n A
F. j 0 441$. k e t 0 44 () S cin 0 44 1 a l g ln o io ;
o
i i
i
borowe mus s ni ac
t r t ubt t ompl el smii ton a iaton. d So, o pt ry algeaSe ton
et os tgai ppl i L. t ope l l
c
z
e
ci

10 41/)vi ai apli ifmus,a ami mum,alget theors s te ac eel s
24.
olton, antf t t ni
le ha
he ubmitd omplt os
rttgai a iai Se Tr la2 W L 6 82 a * rfalr t s tac eel s
rii ton pplc ton. e udel 016
080 2, t 6 l it e o ubmi omplt os
T t
rttg i a i toni ftlt camsbr
riiaton ppl i s aa o li oughtunde 1 C. R. 10 411 .) l Re ainX
ca
r 2 F. j 24. '. f gulto
'
r quiespl ntf st ale t t y s
e r ai if o lge hat he ubmit a com pl e applcaton t propery al a Secton
ted
et
i i o
l lege
i

1 411 vi ai t smerg ai mus as rqur pli if t saet smet prpel
024.
olton,he a e ulton t lo e ie antfs o tt he a o o ry
alg aSeci 1 24. ()vi ai
le e
ton 0 41c olton.

ac mplt l smiiain a p iain a d f e i S cin 1 2 .1 $() I a io t
o ee os tg t p l t s ei d n e to 0 44 q 1 . n ddt n,he
o
c o
n
i
V a es f i t a l ge W e l Fa go a t ly r c i d a com pl t l sm ii ton a i a i Thus
nc a l o le
ls t c ual e e ve
e e os tga î pplc ton.
,
lke t pli if i G r s m , he V a e f i t al ge s fc e f c s t s
i he antf s n e ha t
nc s a l o le uf i i nt a t o uppor t i c a m t t
t her l i ha

W el Fag vo ae S cin 1 2 .1c. Va e ' li f rav oain ofS cin 1 2 .1c
l r o iltd e to 0 44 ()The nc s cam o i lt
s
o
e to 0 44 ()
wi b ds se wih ut eu ief rfi r t saeacam.
l e imisd t o prjdc o al e o tt li
l
u
111.

t nde Vigi a l w , ve y c r c c a nsa i ple c na ofgood f ih a f i
t
u
r r ni a e r ont a t ont i n m i d ove nt
a t nd a r
deai howe r a br a h oft e dute onl gi s ts t a br a ofc t c c am ,nota
lng;
ve , e c
hos
i s y ve i e o
e ch
ont a t l i

s pa at c us ofa ton.'I sv. t Ba N . , o.3: - 12 2013W L 3788
e r e a e ci ' one Fulon nk. A.N
13 CV- 6,
428,a
t

* ( D. . uy1 , 0 3 (mphai o te )( ena q o ai nso te )(u igAl a e o
7 E. Va J l 8 2 1 ) e
ss mitd i r l u tto mitd q ot
nt
n b r
v. el Fa o Ba k N. , :1 0 W l r n A.3 1 CV2 1HEH, 0 1W L 4 4 3 1 a + ( D. . t 5 2 1)
s
21
7 8 4 , t 6 E. Va Oc. , 01 ),

afd 5 5F. p' 2 1(t Ci. 0 4 . ta o h rwa ,' lb e c o t ei le d t of oo
f', 6 Ap x 5 4h r 2 1 ) Pu n t e y Ka r a h f h mpid u y g d
g
fih a fi de lng mus be rie i acam f br a h ofc r c ,a oppos t acam i
at nd ar ai
t as d n li or e c
onta t s
ed o li n

t r. So Gln LLC v S Ba k & Tr Co.9 4F. up . d4 0 4 5( D. . 0 3 (iig
o t' tne e
'
.. n
. , 4 S p 2 6 , 6 E. Va 2 1 ) ct
n
Ch re E. a rCo. Nains nko Va. A.2 1Va 2 , 3 4 6S. 2 3 2 3 5 (9 6)
a ls Brue v. t Ba f .N. , 5 . 8 3 , 6 E.d 8 , 8 1 9 ).
o
l t s c s ,t V a e c a m W el Fa go vi a e RE S r gt a i a br a hed t
n hi a e he nc s l i
ls r
ol t d
PA e z tons nd e c
l
he

i idc ve a o g odfi a d fi d aig Co . !3 -3 . t t Va e fi t alg
mpl o n nt f o at n ar e l . mpl! 1 5 Bu ,he nc s al o l e
e
h
n
e
t tW el Fa go br a hed a c r c . V a e a tm ptt algeabr a h oft i ple dut
ha
ls r
ec
onta t The nc s te
o le
ec
he m id y
ofgood f ih a f i de lng a is own c us ofa ton.
a t nd a r a i s t
a e
c i Thus t V a e ha nots a e a
, he nc s ve
ttd
4

c am upon whi r lefm a be gt nt d.
li
ch ei
y
a e
The V ancescie tvo cases f t pr
t a
or he oposton t avi a i oft dut ofgood f ih
ii hat ol ton
he y
at
and f i dealng can be ass t asan i
ar
i
er ed
ndepende acton.M TD O pp.3.l St
nt i
n one G l LLC v.
en

Sout r Ba & Tr tCo.t c tsaed t tt pli i f br
he n nk- us
, he our t t ha he antfs oughtt i T e c ofi ple
her ' a h m id
br

dut ofgood f ih a f i deai c a m a pa toft i c
y
a t nd a r lng l i s r
he r ountf br a h ofc r c .'9 F.
or e c
ont a t' 44

S pp 2 4 0 4 6( D. . 0 3. yt e ddt ec ur mo o t d tr n wh t tt
u . d 6 , 6 E. Va 2 1 ) Onl h n i h o t ve n o eemie ehe he
pl i i f pr ry a l ge abr a h oft dut l
a ntf s ope l le d
ec
he y. d.
l Vi g ni V e r c ie Lt v. . G r e & Co. t Four h Ci c the d t tt
n r i a r ni ult . d. W R. ac
, he
t r ui l ha he
tdit i c te r i di m i s ng a la s s a e l w c a m s'f a br a h oft i phe dut
t s rct our r ed n s s i ppe l nt ' t t a l i ' or e c
he m ' d y

of oo fih a d fi d aig 1 6F.d 5 5 5 2(t Ci. 9 8 . t t a peln s camswee
g d at n ar e l . 5 3 3 , 4 4h r 1 9 ) Bu ,he p l t' li
n
a
r
te t t a le ' al ge br c oft t c r c ua dut t e r i e is d s r ton nott m i
i d o he ppe l e s le d ea h
t s ont a t l y o xe c s t i c e i
i
o ne

i g d fih. Va Vemiuie Lt v W . Grc & Co. Co n.9 5F. u p. 0 , 3 ( .
n oo at ' . r c l . d. . R. a e
'
t
- n , 6 S p 8 2 8 1 W D,

Va 1 9 ) rv' o o h r r u ds 1 6F.d 5 5(t Ci. 9 8 .n t i c s t ,hecam f ra
. 9 7 , e d n t e o n , 5 3 3 4h r 1 9 ) l hs ae oo t li o
br a h oft dut w a pa tofa br a h ofc r c c am .The ef e bot ca e t V a esc t
ec
he y s r
ec
ont a t l i
r or , h s s he nc ie
deatwih al gatonsi w hi h t bt a h oft d y w a te t a br c ofc r c c a m .
l t le i n
c he e c
he ut s i d o
ea h
ont a t l i
N e t rca e i hepf t t V a e ' r m e .
ihe s s l ul o he nc s a gu nt
IV .

For t r s s a e a ve t c twildeny W e l Fa go' m oton t di mi s t
he ea ons t t d bo , he our l
ls r s
i o s s he

Va es cam f avi ai ofSe ton 1 39.But t c twlld s ist Va s cam s
nc ' li or ol ton
ci 024.
, he our ' im s he nce ' li
l
f vi a i ofSe ton 1 41 a t br a h oft dut ofgood f ih a f i de lng
or ol tons
c i 024. nd he e c
he y
a t nd a r a i

wih ut eu ie
t o prjdc .
An a opra e O r rw i ,e e e e
ppr i t de l b nt r d.
l

snt r d: o z - p a. z.,o p
ee
y

f>
f

w
'

.

/ ,-- $ '

Mi
chaelF.U r ns '
ba

ChifUniedStt Ditit
e t aes src ludge- . . .
.