Russell v. Wright et al

Filing 33

MEMORANDUM OPINION. Signed by District Judge Glen E. Conrad on 3/12/12. (jcj)

Download PDF
CLERKS OFFI U.5. ST COURT CE DI L ATROANOKE VA .. I THE UN I N TED STATES DI STRI COURT CT FO R TH E W ESTERN D I I O F VI GI I STR CT R NA CHA RLO TTESV I LLE DI I O N V SI I2 L j MA2 FE22 (wkj 13D 1 ç . J BY DUD . AN I RU SSELL, TA Pl i if a ntf , P Ci lA c i N o.3: 1 c 00075 vi ton 1 - v- M EM OM NDUM OPI ON NI DEN N EY W RI T,e al, GH t . By:Hon. e E.Conr d Gln a Chi Unied St t Diti J e ef t aes srct udg Dee n s f nda t . Thi c s i pr e l bef et c ur on va i m otonsfld by t pli ifa t s a e s es nty or he o t rous i ie he a ntf nd he de e nt. Fort r s s tf t be ow,t cou twilgr ntt pli tf smoton f la f nda s he ea ons e orh l he r l a he a n if i or e ve t fl as pe s ng s cond a e d c o ie u redi e m nde ompl i a wilde t de e ant nd l ny he f ndant'motonst s i o t a f rve r ns e nue. 1 . Fact and ProceduralBackzround I ual Duigt lt e nn h uso Oco e à , 01 , p matxCo nyS rf s rn he ae ve ig o r f tb r 0 2 0 Ap o to u t heif Depu i De y W rght Ch it rSa ,a J hn M a tes nne i , rsophe ms nd o ddox we edipa c d t 7724 Re r s t he o d Hous Roa i Appomat Vigi a.( ke No.1 1a 3. e dn tox, r ni Doc t - t )Thede i weedipac di putes r s the n r s ns t a 911 c lf om Andr w Rus el, s ofDa e Rus e la A nia Rus el,r pori e po e o al r e s l a on ni l s l nd t s l e tng ap tn il nu yt h sltebrt e, etRu sl, iho c re a tra ag me t t ter oe ta ij r o i i l o h r Rh t selwhc c u rd fe n r u n wi h i t h ft r (d a 4. Folowi t diput,Da elRuselma s et thi s lhetwa o ahe . L= t ) l ng he s e ni s l de ur ha s on t t s kay, a t nl thi home, erdhi ve ce, ndpr ee dt drvea yfo hi hous .( ) nd he ef s ent e s hil a oc de o i wa r m s e J #a H owe ,a t t e de i sne r d t Rus e l 'r i nc ,t s D a e Rus e lsve c e ver s he hr e pute a e he s ls esde e hey aw ni l s l ' hi l pul o oft drve y.(#- Thera trt de ist ne aound,andpr e dt f l l ut he i wa J s ) e fe,he pute ur d r oc ede o olow Mr Ruselsvehil wiht i lght a srnsa tvae (d. . s l' ce t her i s nd ie ci td. l ) ' A Sdic s d beow, t pl ntf s tla i saec t o5l afr tam e d c pl ntand, s us e l he ai if ough e ve n tt our t e is nde om ai t r he ,fldt pr pos dfrtamende c plit Howe ,i i uncea fom t r cor whehe t sae heea r ie he o e is d om an . ver t s l r r he e d t r he t t c tg a e t pl ntf ' m otont a e t compl nt Fort sr s t f l ngf c u s mal i our r ntd he ai ifs i o m nd he ai . hi ea on, he olowi a t al um y s a e fom t ale tonsco ai i t orgi c doptd r he lga i nt ned n he i nal ompl nt ai . . LRK E Upon bec ng a r oft de is sr , r Rus e lsowe down,a tva e hi omi wa e he pute ' iens M . s l l d ci td s b ik r a dp le o e a t en x s f lc to i a e t paknglt (d. Theewa n lr e, n uld v r t h e t ae o ain n n mp y r i o . I ) r s o l s de ont s tsrthofr dbewee t Rusel' rsde a t paki l .(d. houl r he hor tec oa t n he s ls e i nce nd he r ng ot l ) Afe soppi hi vehil M r Rus el e td a t ook a o ma el t e se wih hi a m s tr t ng s c e, . s l xie nd d t ppr xi t y hr e t ps t s r r s dt de aie o monsr t t thewa una me a woul c tae ha s r d nd d ompl wih t de i s'i tu tons' y t he pute nsr c i . ' (d. Mr Ruselso pe wakn , e ea y r sb fr r a hngt ed puis a drman d I ) . s l t p d l ig s v r l a d eo e e c i h e te , n e i e sa ngwihhi amsr s d.(d. Acc di t t c ai , r Ruselma f tdnosg tndi t s r aie I ) or ng o he ompl ntM . s l niese ins ofaggesi a no sgnst thewasatmptngt e dears.(d. r son nd i ha te i o va re t l ) Att spoi ,t de i ss e t M r Rus elt ûge on t gr hi nt he pute hout d o . s l o s t he ound,' f vehi 'but ' ga m o l afw sc nd t c mpl wi t er q et' (d. e f t u a yo j diej si ain ny e e o s o o y t h e u s. I )Th n,s ho t n b e v u tt to h ' wi k t d s 'defnda W rghttunras bl i ppr rael a unne s aiys ( .Rusel o o o,' e nt i t e ona y,na op it y, nd ce s rl hot Mr1 s l i t c t' t hi Tas ,d usng( 000 volsofelcrct t tow t oug hi body. (d. n he hes'wih s er d i 50, ) t ca e tiiy o l hr h s ' I ' a 4 )Asadiec r ul oft sd c sr a unpr kedatc 't c antalege , t -5. r t es t hi s esay nd ovo ta k, he ompli l s unne ' M r Rus e lwenti o c r a a r s ,be m e t r pons ve s i d i o a c a,a di d sx . sl nt a di c r e t ca m es i , lppe nt om nd e i mo t sltr o J n 1 2 1 (d. t5) n h ae , n u e , 01 . l a . On Oc o r 1 2011 M r .Rus e l a t pe s t be 9, , s s l, s he r onalr pr s nt tve oft esa e ofD a e e e e ai he t t ni l Rus el,nii td t slws ti t Cic tCo tf Al ma l Count Acc di t t s l i tae hi a ui n he r ui ur or be re y. or ng o he pa te 'flngs M r. sl rsdesi Al reCount ( ke No.1 a 1;Do ke No.1 ris ii , s Rusel e i n bemal y. Doc t 0t c t 4 a 1 6. I t orgi lc ai ,heplitf nn asde e nt Deme W rght t , ) n he i na ompl ntt anif med f nda s l y i , Appomatx Co y,heCo to unt t mmonwe 1hofVigni,a TaerI enatonal I (he at ri a nd s ntr i ,nc.t ma a t e oft Tasrg ,a alge vaiuscamspurua t t Vigi aTo tCli nufcurr he e un) nd le d ro li s nto he r ni r ams Ac;42U. C.j1 3, r ni t tlw;a Vigi abr c ofwarnt lw.M r. s l t S. 98 . gi a or a nd r ni ea h Vi ra y a s Rusel s ought$1 milon i c pe a o yandpunii da es 5 li n om ns t r tve mag . OnNovembe 1 2011 M r . s ls ug la i sae c t o fl atr ta nde r 5, , s Rus el o ht e ve n t t our t ie i s me d c ompl i , n whi h t pli tf as e t t tt Commonwe 1h ofVigi awa no la ef ant i c he a n if s red ha he at r ni s t i bl or t a tons ofde e he c i f ndan W r ght butw asla e f t ac i nsofLync t i , i bl or he to hbur Polce O fi e s g i fc r M i ha St l y and Ant c el a e hony M a tn, ho a l ge y t a ne m e be soft A ppom a t Count ri w le dl r i d m r he tox y She i f sO f i e i t us ofTas r a s r d asl alTas re rs f a ea l w enf r e e . rf fc n he e e s nd e ve oc e xpe t or r a o c m nt ( c e No. - a 4 - ) Thepanifas s u h t a dan w c u t fa suta db tey Do k t 1 1 t 4 45. litf lo o g t o d e o n o sa l n atr a i tW rght (d. t61- ) Theea tr o Nove r18 2011 t pli ifmove t gans i . 1 a -62. r fe , n mbe , ,he antf do no uihe cai agans t Commonweat ofVigi a.(#za 75. OnNo mbe 30,3011 ns t r l m i t he 1h r ni J .t ) ve r , t saec te eeda or rofnons ta t t Commo at ofVigi atd. t77)a on he tt our ntr n de ui s o he nwe lh r ni .=a k nd, t ts m e da W r g r m ove t c s t t Unie St t sD i ti tCour f t W e t r ha a y, i ht e d he a e o he t d a e sr c t or he s e n DititofVigi a Cha ltevil Di son.( ke No.1. src r ni, ro ts le vii Doc t ) On De mbe 9,2011 a t rt ca ewasr m ove t t sco t de e n Appomat ce r , fe he s e d o hi ur, f nda t tox Count fldamoi unde Fe r Rul ofCi lPr e e1 b)5)a ( ( t dimist y ie ton r deal e vi oc dur 2( ( nd b)6) o s s he co pl ntf i uf i i nts r c ofpr s a f f iu e t s a e a cl i upo w hi h r i f m ai or ns fc e e vi e oce s nd or a l r o t t am n c ele ma begrnt ( ke No.3. W ihr pe tt t Rul 1 b)5)agumentAppomat y a ed. Doc t ) t es c o he e 2( ( r , tox Count as e t t tt pl ntf f ie t s r et p o rofi e swih pr s a r uie byt y s rs ha he ai if al d o e v he r pe fc r t oce s s eq r d he Fe rlRul ofCi lPr e ea byt Vigi aCode (d.a 1 ) W ih rs c t t dea es vi oc dur nd he r ni . I t -2. t epe t o he Ru e1 ()6 a g me t ted fn a ta srsta teAp o to Co n yS e ifi a l 2b ( ) r u n ,h ee d n se t h t h p mat x u t h rf s c tt i ofi runde t Consiuton ofVigi aa f t mor t tt She ifa hi onsiutonal fce r he tt i r ni nd, urher e, ha he rf nd s de isaenote oyee ora ncesofc yormunii lgo mme s (d.a 2-3. pute r mpl s ge i ount cpa ve nt. I t ) Afe co i rngAppom at Co y' motont dimis M r . s l fl on l r nsde i tox unt s i o s s , s Rus el ied Dec m be 22, 1 a m oton f l ve t t l a s co a e d co pl nt i whi h t pl i if e r 201 i or ea o s e e nd m nde m ai , n c he a ntf s kst dr A ppom atox Count as a def ee o op t y endant and t add asdef ndant t Appom atox , o e s he t Count SheifsOf a Sheif0. is Stpls ( ke No.7a 2. Addii l t y rf' sce nd rf W lon a e . Doc t t ) tonaly,he 3 pli tf s e t i udet a op it c pton a t de eer e e t t Comm onweat of a n if e ks o ncl he ppr rae a i nd o lt ef r nce o he lh Vignaa ad fn a t (d) r ii s ee d n . I . The e tr on De mbe 23,2011 Ta e l t r tona fld amoton t ta f rve r afe , ce r , s r n e na i l ie i o r ns e nue fo t Cha l ts leDi so t t Ly hb gDi sonoft sc t ( ke No.1 ) The rm he rotevil viin o he nc ur vii hi our. Doc t 0. plitf fldisbre i oppostont t motont ta f ve onJ nuay6,201 ( ke anif ie t if n ii o he i o rnser nue a r 2. Doc t No.1 ) Ta e Itr ain lie isrp yb ifo J n r 1 , 1 .( c e No. 8. Th n 4. sr n en to a tld t e l re n a uay 7 20 2 Do k t l ) e , on J r 1 201 de e anua y 8, 2, f ndant Appom at x Comt a W rghttld am otont ta f rve s to t y nd i ie i o r nse nue t t Lync gDi son.( ke No.1 ) o he hbur vii Doc t 9. The c t r a g e on t s m otonson J nua y 27,201 Att c l i n of our hea d r um nt he e i a r 2. he onc us o t he rng, heco ti tuce t pl ntf t fl a s r e ng s co a he a i t ur nsr t d he ai if o ie upe s di e nd mende c d ompli a ant nd pemitdted fn a t t i whc t fl a yo j cin .Th c u tn o me t ep rista r te h ee d n s i n ih o ie n be to s e o r if r d h a t h t me e i woul tkea1oft m otonsunde ad s me pendi t flng oft s pe s di s c t d a l he i r vie nt ng he ii he u r e ng e ond a n e c mpan a da yo j ci n t eeo.OnFe r ay 3 20 2, r. sel ie a me d d o lit n n be to s h rt b u r , 1 M s Ru s lfld moto f l vet fl as r e ngs co nme d c i n or ea o ie upe s di e nd nde ompli ,i whih t onl s g tc nt ant n c he y i nii a ditnc i f om t orgi ls c am e d c pl i f rw hi s s ugh l ve t fl i t t s i ton r he i na e ond nde om a nt o ch he o t ea o ie s ha s no l nge s ks t a as d e nt t A ppom a t Count She if s Of i orShe i f0 . he o r ee o dd ef nda s he tox y rf fce rf W is nS a ls ( c e No 2 . Th p ro fro j cinsh sp s e wi u a yo j cins lo tpe . Do k t . 8) e e id o be to a a s d t t n be to ho bei fld by t de e nt .He e, hem o i a erpef diposton. ng ie he f nda s nc t tons r i or s ii I1 . Di scussi on 1. Pl ntf ' m ot on f I ave t f l s r e ng s ond am e ai i f s i or e o ie upe s di ec nded c pl nt om ai F d rl eo Ci l o e u e 1 p o i e t a k a pat ma a n ispla igo c e e a Rul f viPr c d r 5 r v d s h tç q ry y me d t e dn n e r a amatrofco s , )...(l alot rc e ,apat ma a s te urelbut in l he ass ry y mendispla ngonl wiht t e di y t he o i pa t swrte c e ort c tslave' Fe R.Ci P.1 a .(lhec ts d pposng ry' itn ons nt he our' e .' d. v. 5() i- our houl - fe l gv la ewh nj tc s rq r s' I .Th UntdSttsCo r of p asf r h r ey ie e v e usie o e uie . d e ie ae u t Ap e l o t e ' 4 Fo t Cic i h ssae ta tth lw i wel ete th tla et a n ap e dngs o l b urh rut a ttd h t t j e a s l stld t a e v o me d la i h ud e g d ne o l wh nt ea nd n wo l b p eu iilot eo p sn p ry t eeha b e b d e id ny e h me me t ud e rj dca t h p o ig at ,h r s e n a f ih o t pa toft m ovi pa t o t a e e w oul be f ie '' Ed a dsv.Civ of a t n he r he ng r y, r he m ndm nt d utl .' w r t Gods o,1 F. 231 242( hCi.1 9)(mphai i orgi l ( i J onv. l bor 78 3d , 4t r 99 e ss n i na) quotng ohns Or a FoodsCo.785F. 503,509(t Ci.1 ) owe t , 2d 4h r 986). Be rngi mi t sa r s tf t by Rul 1 a t i e pr tng c e lw, he e a i n nd he tnda d e orh e 5 nd he nt r e i as a t r a a st benor a on on t f c soft sca ewhy t c ts ul notal t pl n ift ppe r o es he a t hi s he our ho d low he aitf o fl a s pe s ng s c am e ed c pl i . Furhe m or none oft de e nt ha f l d a ie u r edi e ond nd om a nt t r e, he f nda s s ie ny o pposton t t pl ntf sm o i n t a e Ther f e t c tw ilg a t m o i f ii o he ai i f t o o m nd. e or , he our l r nt he ton or lavet fl as pes di s onda nde c ant2 ( oc tN o 28. e o ie u re ng ec me d ompli . D ke ) . 2. M ot onst t i o ransf venue by def er endant T aser lnt s ernat onaland W ri 3 i ght Assae ab ,Tas I enainala W rghtfldmoi purua t 28U. C.j ttd ove er ntr to nd i ie tons s nt o S. 1 4()t ta frvenuefom t Chaltes leDi sont t Lync gDi so 4 Seci 40 a o rnse r he rot vil vii o he hbur viin. ton 1 4()ofTil 28pr dest t f t c ninc oft patesandwinesesa wheet 40 a te ovi ha,or he onve e e he ri t s nd r he itrsso j tc wo l bes r e ad src c u t yta frac s t a o h rd src o n ee t f usie u d e v d, itit o r ma rnse a e o n t e itit r di son wihi a diti twhe et c e mi ha bee br ht Be on W ie e sSol i . vii t n src r he as ght ve n oug . ac rls utons l v.Ga nl 'sl ,Ci lAci No.5: 1c 0 nc. nni ntl nc. vi ton 1 -v-0025,2011W L 4737404,a * ( . Va. t 4 W D. Oc.5, 1 .I a yi j 1 a ,hede sont ta fraca ersss t 201 ) n ppl ng 404() t cii o rnse s et oundl wihi t y t n he di c e i oft di ti cour . Sq Br k v. r Com put r Ct s,l ,933 F. 1 3,1 s r ton he s rct t e oc Ent e e r . nc. 2d 25 257 2 Be aus t cou tw ilgr ntt sm oton,t c r wildimisa moott pl ntf ' o i na moton f i he ou t l s s s c e he r l a hi he ai ifs rgi l i or la et fl as c n a n e c mplit ( c e No. . Lie s, e a s tes es dn sc n a n e e v o i e o d me d d o an. Do k t 7) k wie b c u e h up re ig e o d me d d e c pli dr Appom at Count asade e t t c tw ildim isa m ootAppomatox Couny' m oi t om ant ops tox y f ndan, he our l s s s t t s ton o ds s u d rRuel( )5 a d( )6.( c e No 3) imis n e l 2 b( ) n b( ) Do k t . . 3 Ap matxCo nyj i di Wrg tsmoint ta se v n e bu, ssae a o e Ap mal xCo ny po to u t one n ih ' to o rnfr e u , ta ttd b v , po to u t wilbed oppe a a d enda i t sc epu s ntt t s re ng s ond a e l r d s ef nt n hi as r ua o he upe sdi ec m ndedcompl nt Fo t sr s ai . r hi ea on, t cou twila yze t m otonst tans e ve onl a t y r l e t W r g a Tas l e natonal he r l nal he i o r f r nue y s he eat o i ht nd er nt r i . 4 Ta e I e nai lfld ism otont ta frve trt ad ncngs r a gum e si s r ofis s r ntr tona ie t i o r nse nue lsy va i eveal r nt n uppo t t moin ( c e No 1 ) Wrg tfldhi moint ta se v n a o to emo t ltr W rg ta v n e n to . Do k t . 0. ih ie s to o rn fr e ue b u n nh ae. ih d a cd o ag me t i h smo in b tise d r l do t es mer a o ss tf rhi Ta e l t r a in lsmo in.( c e r u n s n i to , u n ta , e i n h a e s n e o t n s r n en to a ' t Do k t e o No 1 . . 9) 5 ( h Ci.1 ) S.Rv. v.Mad n,235F. 1 201( h Ci.1 ;Si 4t r 991; Co. de 2d 98, 4t r 956) mmonsv.J hns o on, No.Ci A.7: v. 05CV00053,2005W L 31 59555,a *1( . Va. t W D. Nov. 2005) s eas Stwa t 22, ; e lo e r Or .l v.Rioh. p.487U. 22,29( 988 (ttngt t28U. C.j1 a ti i e d c. nc. c Cor , S. 1 ) sai ha S. 404() cs ntnde t plc d sr to i tedsrc c u toa j d c t moinsf rta fra c r igt a o a e ic ein n h itit o r t du iae t o rnse c o dn o n o dndi duaied,c s - c ec i rtonofc nincea f r s ''( i Va Dus nv. i vi lz a eby-as onsdeai onve e nd aine s' quotng n e Barc 3 6U. 61 , 2 ( 9 4 ). ra k, 7 S. 2 6 2 1 6 )) The U nie St t s Cour ofAppea s f t Fo t Cic ta U nie St t s Di t i t td ae t l or he ur h r ui nd t d a e sr c Cours i V igi a ha el bo a e o t f c o st ta e pr r y c i e i as e s ng whe t n r ni ve a r t d n he a t r ha r ope l ons der d n s s i n ata se wo l sr eb t c n e in ea dteitr sso j sie S. . , 3 F.d a 2 0 rn fr ud ev oh o v ne c n h nee t f u tc . Ry Co.2 5 2 t 0 01. n.Crai LLC v. pfogEnt s.nc. 1 F.Supp. 503,504-05( . Va. ) , Ge e ton Lea r er.l , 92 2d W D. 2002 ; Vei n OnlneSe v .I .v.Ras 203F.Supp.2d601 6 -24( D. 200 .Asa rzo i r s.nc lkv, , 23 E. Va. 2) ge r m a t r t pl i ifs c ce ofve c m a def r nc Doe v.Connor ,796 F. ne al te , he a ntf hoi nue om nds e e e. s Sup 21 221( . Va.1 ;seas Aker v. rol & W . Co.378F. 78,80( h p. 4, W D. 992) e lo s No f k Ry. , 2d 4t Ci.1 ( rc im)(û coure, r c zet prmayrghtoft pli ift c ehi r 967) pe ura tOf s we e ogni he i r i he antf o hoos s f um,as l to no e iyt beove tr '.Howe r t pli ifsc c ofve or eecin t asl o rl own.l l ' ve,he antf hoie nue de a l s de e e e w hen t s ti nottl i t di ti ta di s on i w hi h he r s de , m nds es f r nc he ui s ied n he s rc nd vi i n c ei s Glmor nCoa Cop.v.RanesGr PLC,85 F. a ga l t r oup. 4 Supp. 437( . Va.1 93 , whe 436, W D. 9 ) or n ltl e s st c m ec t c e f um w ih t c us ofa ton. Se. xtl M a h. I v, . ite xit o ol t he hos n or t he a e c i Te ie c . nc. H W as & Sons l .No.4: CV00066,2006W L21 723, t*2( . Va. a 27,2006) rhow , nc, 05 3 a W D. J n. . Alhoug t de e ofdefr nc duet t pli ifma va y,hede enda nonehels sil t h he gr e ee e o he antf y r t f nt t e s tl s o le steb r e 'os o ta ç ebaa c o e ui e i i gt)fv rgn jta j dca h ud r h u d n û h w h t t ln e f q t s s n is a o a d h t u iil t h i econom y and conveni ence t a1 pari f o l tes avor s ti anot f ui n her orum .' D oe,796 F.Supp.at221 '' ( i El i ev.Bouc r 620F. p.678, 4( . Va.1985).Fe rlc rt i quotng drdc had, Sup 68 W D. ) dea ou s n V igi a ofen as st f l i f or i det i ng whet t bal r ni t ses he olow ng act s n erm ni her he ance ofequii f s tes avor 6 ta fri ac s t ad fee tv n e ( )tec n e in eo t ewin se ; 2 te rnserng a e o ifrn e u : 1 h o v ne c f h t e s s ( ) h c ninc oft pa tes ( s t tci e iy;()fine s ( t avalbiiyof onve e e he ri ; 3) ysemai ntgrt 4 ar s ' 5) he ia lt , c ompulor pr es ;( t cos ofo ani t atnda eofwine s s ( e eofac es t s y oc s 6) he t bti ng he te nc t s e ; 7) as c so s r e ofpr ;a ( )t i eessi ha ngl a c rvese de de a home Be c ou c s oof nd 8 he ntr t n vi oc l onto ris ci d t . a on W ie es Sol tons l ,2O11 W L 4737404,a * Optc Ca e Cop .v.M a s El c. r l s u i . nc. t 4; i al bl s . e Consr t. Co, F. u p 2 5 2 5 2( . Va 1 9 ) Th weg ta c r e t t e ef co ss o d .21 S p . d 8 , 9 W D. . 9 8 . e ih c o d d o h s a tr h ul c r pondwiht de eet te chi t t polc be nd j1 a- t ma t til ores t he gr ha a mpacs he iy hi 404() o ke he ra E s e s y, xpediiusa i xpe i ' Glmor nCoa Coo .854F.Supp. t437(ntr l ea to nd ne nsve. a ga ' l , a i e na quottonmaksomitd) ai r te . l t rm o i t t a f rve n hei tons o r ns e nue, he de e nt c r ty a s r t tt sca e c d t f nda s or ec l s e t ha hi s oul ha bee fl i t Lync g Di so , t po e i ltans e e f u . Se Fi e c ni a ve n ied n he hbur vii n he t nta r f r e or m S e nm c a c S. A. Ge M ot sCom .No.1: c 794,2007W L 41 P. v. n. or , 07-v43074,a * ( D.Va. t 2 E. Nov.1 9, 2007 (tn a pl ngSe in 1 4( ,adititc t tfrtde iewhehert cli mi t ) (I p yi cto 40 a) src our mus is cd t he ams gh ha be nbr ug i t ta fr ef um. Howe rt f tt tt sa tonc dha be n ve e o ht n he rnse e or ' ). ve,he ac ha hi ci oul ve e br ug i t Ly hbur Di son do noti via y r s ti t concusont tt o ht n he nc g vii es ne t bl e ul n he l i ha he de e nt 'm otons s d be g a e Ra he ,a a tc a ed a f nda s i houl r nt d. t r s ri ul t bove t de enda s s ul rt , he f nt ho de he bur n t de ons r t t tt bal nc o eq te f vor ta f rt t pr pos t a f r e de o m ta e ha he a e f uii s a s r ns e o he o ed r ns e e f t Thefcor r lva t t sj1 a a yssaee mi dbeow. orz m. a t s ee nt o hi 404() nal i r xn ne l 5 ThePli ifconc antf edesi he r s i bre t tt sa tonpr rycoul ha be n br n r e ponsve if ha hi ci ope l d ve e oughti t n he Ly c bugDiiin.( c e No. 4a 5)Th c u t g eswi tep rista t i ato c udh v b e n h r vso Do k t 1 t . e o r a re t h at h t hs cin o l a e e n h e b o g ti teLy c b r Di iin.P rua t oLoc l l 2( , ii a t n f rwh c v n ei p o e i t i r u h n h n h u g v so u s n t a Ru e b) cv l c i s o ih e u s r p r n h s o ditit s b bo g ti t prp r vso a wel W . Va Ge . 2b) I a i iga ti diiin l e u src mut e ru h n he o e diiin s l. D. . n R. ( . n n vn ths vso a v n e d tr n to , c lRue2b frhe po ie ta teve u r lsfrfd rldsrc c u t i t UntdStts eemiain Lo a l () ut r rvd sh th n e ue o e ea itit o rs n he i ae e Co eso l b a o td s b tui tewodS iiin'o tetr tu iil itit' n t itit'l.Th d h ud e d pe , u si t h r t vso 'fr h emsj dca dsrc'a d ç src. d e t ng d d ' r lv n v n er l f rfd r l ititc u t i c nan d i 2 U. . j 1 9lb , c p o ie ,n p rie t r e e a t e u u e o e e a d src o rs s o tie n 8 S C. 3 ( ) whih r vd s i e t n paq n t t na to cnb bou h o l i tl aj dca dititnwhiha yd fn a trsd s ial ee d nsae ha a cin a e r g t ny n ç ) u iil src i c n ee d n e ie ,f ld fn a t r ( rsd nso teSaei whc tedsrc i lctd gr () u iil ititi whc as btnt l a4o te e ie t fh tt n ih h itits o ae 'o l 2 aj dca dsrc n ih u sa i p l fh , a e e t o o sin gvn rs t tecam o c re . 28U. C. l 91b ( 0 ) Clal t sato c udh v v ns r miso s iig ie o h li cu rd' ' S. j 3 () 20 6 . ery,hi cin o l a e be i taedi t Lynch g di so be us aloft deend sr i i Vigi aand be us Ta e en niit n he bur viin ca e l he f ant esde n r ni ca e s r ltrain lsd e dt rsd i teLy h ugDiiinb s do tefc ta ii s be top ro a nen t a i e me o e ie n h nc b r vso ae n h a th tt s u jc t es n l o j idcini ta dvso l j1 91b () F rh r r, e u i as po e i teLy c b r Diiinb c ue urs ito n h t iiin. d. 3 ()1. u temo e v n e s lo rp r n h n h ug vso e a s atu sa t l at ftee e t . . iigrs t t cam o c re 'nta dvso .l jl 91b( ) ç btni p r o h v n s . gvn ie o he li c urd'i h t iiin d. 3 ()2. s a 7 a. C onve ence o t w ine s s ni f he t s e l s n uppor oft rm o i t t a f rve ue t def nt as e t ha a lo t i pa t t hei tons o r ns e n , he enda s s r t t l f he r r y wine s r i wihi t Lync gDi son.( ke No.1 a 5. t ses esde t n he hbur vii Doc t 0 t )Thepl ntf ur est ai if g he c tt de t m o i t ta f rve ba e on t f c t ts r s de w ihi t our o ny he ton o r ns e nue s d he a t ha he e i s t n he Chal ts leDi son.( ke No.1 a 6 ) Howeve,d oursha r ae yempha ie rote vil vii Doc t 4 t -7. r t t ve epe tdl c sz d t a i c n ieigwh t e t ta se ac s u e 2 U. C. 1 0 () teic n e e c t h t n o sd rn eh r o rn fr ae nd r 8 S. j 4 4 a,h n o v nin e o pa t wines e i no a f r t s m eweghtast i onve e et non- ry wine s . ry t s s s t f o ded he a i he nc ni nc o pa t t s es' ' Bea onW iees Sol i .l ,2011W L 4737404,a * (ntr lq ttonmaksomitd) c rl s utons nc. t 5 i ena uoai r te ( u tn US La .l c v. o En i e rdSu plme t & Nurto .nc, .10 c 4 , 0 9 q oig A bs. n . Bi- g n ee p e ns ti n l .No :9 v 7 2 0 i W L 1 2 8 7 a * ( D. . y4, 0 9 ) Bohp rish v i e tfe n n-a t wi e s si 2 7 6 , t 4 E. Va Ma 2 0 ). t a t a e d niid o p ry t se n e n t s c e. Spe ii aly, he pl ntf i ntteshe t o s a t m e c lpe s hi as c tc l t ai if de i i r w ons nd he di a r onne w ho l te tdDanilRusels a trhewa s .( ke No.1 a 8 ) The enon- ry rae e sl oon fe s hot Doc t 4 t -9. s pa t w ine s r i i A l m a l Coun y. The def nda t i ntf Appom a t Cot t She if s t s es esde n be r e t e n s de i y tox m y rf ' De isSa sa M a pute m nd ddox, who wer pr s ntwhe W rghtal dl utlz t Ta e a i t e ee n i lege y iied he s r gans M r Rusel.( ke No.18a 11 2. Thes non- rywinesesrsdei Appomat . s l Doc t t -1 ) e pa t t s e i n tox Count H e ,i nve enc i via y w ila c ue t s e no pa t w ine s si t sc e y. nce nco ni e ne t bl l c r o om n- ry t s e n hi as w he he t ca e i t a f r e t t Lync t r he s s r ns e r d o he hbur D i s on ori r t ne i t Cha l t s le g vi i s e ai d n he rote vil Di s on. The de e nt m a no s c le a ta f rofve t tw o d m er l s f vii f nda s y t e tr r ns e nue ha ul e y hi t i onve e e f om one s de t t ot r See Roc ng m Pr c t l v. m . nfasr t enc ni nc r i o he he . ki ha e as s nc. A I r t uc ur M d.nc, v l to No. : 1 v 0 2 , 01 W L 5 26 9 , t+ ( . Va No .1 , 0 1 .l .Cii Acin 5 1 c 0 0 4 2 1 5 0 2 a 6 W D. . v 4 2 1 ) (û-lrnser ofve aenota lbl merl t s f i onve enc fom onesdet a he . ig a f s nue r f vaia e ey o hitnc ni e r i o not r' ' (ntr lquotto maksomitd)(uoi AA1Cor v.Apple Ge Te hsaI , viNo. i ena ain r te q tng p. id o c . nc.Ci l J I1608,2011W L 3678903,a * ( M d. KB- t 4 D. Aug. 2011).l ot wor , a et 22, )) n her ds bec us he a ys soft c nal i he onve e oft w ine s f t de onsr t st tone s de' non- r y ni nce he t s es ac or m ta e ha i s pa t 8 wines e wili via y s f ri onve e ,t dee nt ha f ie t ca r t rbur n of t s s l ne tbl ufe nc nince he fnda s ve al d o ry hei de s wi t taconsde a i oft sf corf vor atanse .Doe 796 F.Supp.a 221. ho ng ha i r ton hi a t a s r f r , t b. Conveni ence oft partes and eas ofaccess t sourees ofproof he i e o The de enda sc a m t tt y w oul be i nve e ed by t a lng f om A ppom a t f nt l i ha he d nco ni nc r veli r tox Cou yt t fdea c t ei Chal ts le,( ke No.1 a 5 ) W hiet smihtbe nt o he e rl ourhous n rote vil Doc t 0 t -6. l hi g tue, sur ngt pl ntf sc ceoff u a t r by r rng hert ta lfom r dit bi he ai if hoi or m nd he e equii o r ve r Al m a l Coun y t t f r lc t e i Lync be r e t o he ede a ourhous n hbur w o d lke i e i onve e e he . g ul i w s nc ni nc r SeeRoc naha Pr c t I .2011W L 55 ki m e as.nc, 26092,a *6(t-la f sofve a eno a lbl t tg-rnser l nue r t vaia e meeyt s f ic n n e c fo o esd t a t e. (ne n l u tto ma k o te ) r l o hitn o ve in e r m n ie o noh r' itr a q o ain r s mitd ' ( tngAA1Cor ,2011W L 3678903,a * s ealo 1 Cha lsAlnW rght ArhurR. quoi p. t 4:; e s 5 re a i , t Milr& Edwar H. le d Coope,Fe r Pr tc a Pr e ej3849,a 1 -65( e 2007) r deal acie nd oc dur t 64 3d d. C$ def ntmovngf ta f mus s bot t tt Orgi lf m i i nv e f i A enda i or rnser t how h ha he i na onl s nco enint or t a t tt pl ntf woul notbes tntal i onve e dbyata fr' .Ast pli if nd ha he ai if d ubsa ily nc nince r nse .) ' he antf poi s o ,a i onve e e t t def nda s i ta lng f o Appom a t Count t nt ut ny nc ni nc o he e nt n r veli r m tox yo Cha l ts lei be id by t i ons uen i c rote vil s le he nc eq tal onve e et twoul a r t t m i t ninc ha d cc ue o he f he t m e as he a ntf m i e , he a ton w e e t a f n'd t t Lync ci r r ns e e o he hbur D i s on. Furher or , t pl i ife phas z s t g vi i 6 de e nt do notcl i t t s ur s ofpr upon whi h t y w ilr y a e nota e bl t f nda s a m hat he o ce oof c he l el r m na e o ea y tans rai He e, hedef nt ha f ld t ca r t rbur n ofs s r po tton. nc t enda s ve aie o ry hei de howi t ta ng ha co i a i oft s f c orf vor a t a f rofve nsder ton hi a t a s r ns e nue. Sys em ate i egriy and f rness t i nt t ai An a l i oft sf t r r st c tt c i ra a gu e by t de e nt na ys s hi ac or equie he our o ons de n r m nt he f nda r l tng t unde l ng s a e a f de alve r l s e ai o ryi t t nd e r nue u e .The d e nt eon e t t butf t ef nda s t nd ha , or he 6 Thepl ntf e ai , a t defndan sdonotdipue,t t ditnc fom Appom at Vigi at ai if xpl ns nd he e t s t hat he sa e r tox, r ni o t f de a courhous i Cha l t vil i 6 11m ie ,whe e t dit efom Appom atx,Vigi at t he e r l t e n rotes le s 4. ls r as he sanc r to r ni o he fdea c u to s i Ly h u gi 2 .4mi s adifrn eo a o t3 - 0miue o ta e t .( c e No. e rl o rh u e n nc b r s 27 l - fee c f b u 0 4 n ts frv li Do k t e me 1 a 9. 4t) 9 ca m purua t t Vigi aTo tCli Ac , hi a ton c d ha be orgi l br ti li s nt o he r ni r a ms t t s c i oul ve en i naly ough n saecou tonl i t Appoma t Count Cicui Cour. I t ts t t o , t def nda s tt r y n he tox y r t t7 n ha iua i n he e nt a g t ca e w o d ha be n r ove t t Lync r ue, he s ul ve e em d o he hbur Di s on oft s c t Furhe g vi i hi our . t nnor e, t de e he f ndan s s m t a gue t ti i notf i t r t i ve i t Cha l t s le D i s on t ee o r ha t s a r o e a n nue n he r ote vil vi i be a et c s i i t sdi son ba e onl upon d e ntW rghtsde son t r movei c us he a e s n hi vi i sd y ef nda i ' cii o e t fo saec u tof d r l o r.Be a eteo l cam ta pemitdve u i saec u t a r m tt o r t e ea c u t c us h ny li h t r te n e n tt o r ( cam unde t Vigi aTor Cli Ac)hassnc bee nons t - a f t r e wa li r he r ni t ams t ie n uied nd, urhemor, s no uie be or t de e nt r m ove t ca et f de a c t t de enda sa ns t d f e he f nda s e d he s o e r l our- he f nt ppea t ro a g t tt s e ntr mova t f der lc ti t Cha lte vil Di son i s ho r ue ha he ubs que e l o e a our n he ro t s le vii s ome w t i ed by t f c t tt r as f t c s orgi l be ng i s a e c ti no m oo . a nt he a t ha he e on or he a e i naly i n t t our s w t ( ke No.1 a 3,5. Doc t 0 t )Thedee nt f t aguet tt sc ecoul notpr pel ha bee fnda s urher r ha hi as d o ry ve n br torgi l i t Chal t vil Di so oft sc t r28U. C.j1 ( be a e ough i naly n he rotes le viin hi our unde S. 391b) c us a loft r e nte nt oc ur ed i t Ly hb g Di son. The a s r t tt onl l he el va ve s c r n he nc ur vi i y s e t ha he y c onnec i t tt s c e bea st t Cha l t s le Di s on i t tt pl i ifr i w ihi ton ha hi as r o he rote vil vi i s ha he a ntf esdes t n t di son,whih, c di t t de e nt , ul bei ufi e t s he vii c ac or ng o he f nda s wo d ns fcint o uppo tafndi of r i ng ven i t ca e or g na l ha be n fl d i t sdi s on. ue f he s i i ly d e ie n hi vi i To t e e t tt de e nt 'ar um e c d be c t ue asonet ta ta f rof he xt nt ha he f nda s g nt oul ons r d ha r ns e ve s d beefe t d bec us ve i t Cha ltes leDi son i i o ,t s nue houl fce a e nue n he ro t vil vii s mpr per hi a gum e f isbas on t f c t tt l alve r esf t sdi t i tw oul a l f ve r nt a l ed he a t ha he oc nue ul or hi sr c d low or nue i teChalte vleDiii nbe a s , steplitf p it o tTa e lt r to l ss be t nh rots i v so c u e a h an if on s u , s r nenaina i u j c l 1 Pu s ntt Vigi a' pr e r ve esaut, a a i u r ua o r ni s efred nu tt e n cton ndert Vigi aTor Cli Ac maybe he r ni t ams t b o g ti tec u t o ct wheetecama te ie .Va Co ej8012 ( 8() Wet 1 ) Ho v rite r u h n h o ny r i y r h li n rsd s . d . -611 )a ( s20 2 . we e,fh aci ha notorgi ly contm pltd acl m undert V igi aTo tCl msAc,t a tonco d ha be n ton d i nal e ae ai he r ni r ai t he c i ul ve e b o g to y i t eAp o to Co n y Cic i Co r, h d fn a t cam. l . 8012 2. r u h nl n h p mat x u t r ut u tt e ee d n s l i d j . - 6 10 t p ro a j rs ito i t i dv so 8 W . va Ge . . ( ) I a e e t s ha ag me t o es n l u idcin n h s iiin. D. . n R 2 b . n ny v n , uc n r u n i pr ryma puruantt amotonunde 28U. C.j 1 a) Howe r t d e nt' s ope l de s o i r S. 406( . ve,he efnda s moto weenotfl unde j1 a,buti ta we efl underj1 a .Se Va Dus n, ins r ied r 406() nse d, r ied 404() e n e 376U. a 634Ct t S. t Alhoughbot sci weebr dl de i dt al ta fri t dof h e tons r oa y sgne o low rnse nsea dimis l j1 a pr de f ta frfom f umsi whihve i wr yori ope l s sa, 406() ovi s or rnse r or n c nue s ongl mpr ry li , ee s i c nr s, 1 0 ()o eae o t ep e s sta t plitf ha p o e l ad wh ra ,n o ta t j 4 4 a p rts n h rmie h t he an if s r p ry e rie hi ve p i lge.) c di l t c t l e mi t def nt'agume xecsd s nue rvie ' .Ac or ngy,he our wil xa ne he enda s r nt ' a ibe r ont o yrlva i r i t sj 1 4()a l i- whehe c ni ea t s t a s he nl ee nt nquiy n hi 40 a nayss t r onve enc nd he itr sso j siefv rta se t t eLy c b r Diiin nee t f u tc a o rn fr o h n h u g vso . The de e nt c t pr do i nty t t o c s s a s f nda s ie e m na l o w a e s uppor f t i a gum en t t t or he r r t ha c n e inc a dt itr sso j tc a d, r s e iial t s se tcitg i a d o v ne e n he n ee t f usie n moe p cfc l he y tmai n e rt n y, y f r s f t sa aine s acor , dvocaef a ta f rofve t or r nse nue. Thede e nt r l on M uli v.Eguia f nda s ey lns fx I onnai Se vc s LLC, Ci A. 05CV888, nf ton r ie , No. v. 3: 2006W L 1 402 ( D.Va.Apr 28, 21 4 E. . 200 ,a onSout senTe ieM a hi r l .v.H. a s & Sons l , 6) nd heatr xtl c ney.nc W rhow ,nc.No. 4: 05CV00066,2006W L 21 3723( . Va. a 27,2006)f t pr ii t tt sc t W D. J n. ,or he oposton ha hi our m us cons ts a e a l a f de a ve r l sw he de di a m o i t ta f rve unde t ul t t nd oc l e r l nue u e n ci ng ton o r ns e nue r j1 a .W hiet de e nt mihtbecor tt ta a yssund t s tmai i e iy 404() l he f nda s g rec ha n nal i er he yse tc ntgrt a f r s f c or r qui e t c tt cons de s h ve r e ,t c esc t d by t nd aine s a t s e r he our o i r uc nue ul s he as ie he de e f ndan sa editnguiha eon t i f c s t r si s bl he r a t . Fis ,i M uli , he co tc uled t l alf de alve r e onl w ihi t co e rt n lns t ur ons t he oc e r nue ul s y t n he nt xt ofa a l i underj 1 a t deemi whehe ve wa i o ri t s lce di son. n nayss 406() o tr ne t r nue s mprpe n he ee td vii 8 Al o g ted fn a t d n tc neth fc ta Tae Itrain li sb ett p ro aj rs it ni t u h h ee d ns o o o tste a th t sr nen to a s u jc o es n lu idci n h o t sdiiin( c e No 1 a 9 0 ,h d fn a t ag eta itrrtn 2 U.. j1 91b a alwi v n e hi vso Do k t . 8 t -1)te ee d ns ru h tnepeig 8 SC. 3 () s l ng e u o i t sdi so efeci l elm i t sta nee f ac ctonbewe n t o r tvefct ofac eandt ve n hi viin f tvey i na e <ny d or onne i t e he pe ai a s as he nue slce frtec s whe e e teei ac r rt d fnd n. (d a l . Ho v r t sag me tst tyd fae eetd o h ae n v r h r s opoae ee a t' 1. t 0) we e,hi r u n i l l ee td ' a b t fca ln u g o jl 91b , ihalwsfrv n ei < u iildvso !i whiha yd fn a trsd s y he a ila g a e f 3 () whc l o e u n t dca (iiin n c n ee d n e ie, o aj i al fn a t a er sd n so t e Sa ei wh c t dititi lc td ' 2 U. . j 1 91b ( ) f 1dee d n s r e i e t f h tt n ih he src s o ae . 8 SC. 3 ( ) l . ' # ' M uli ,2006 W L 1 4024, *3- Furhe mor ,t cou tc i r d t l alf de a ve lns 21 at 4. t r e he r onsde e he oc e r l nue r e be a e,mlket a to i t i tntcae( c wa rmo fom saeco t,he uls c us l i he cin n he nsa s whih s e ved r tt ur)t a ton i M uli had be n i ta ed i f de alc t l a * H e ,t scour i oft opi on ci n lns e nii t n e r our . d. t 4. nce hi t s he ni t tM uli doe notl nd s ha lns s e uppor t t def nt 'poston. t o he enda s ii Se nd,i Sou he t r Te ie M a hi r l ,t c t ns t d t V igi a ve co n t as e n xtl c ne y, nc. he our co ule he r ni nue sauei a ayzn aj 1 0 ()moint ta se v n i ac s t a ha b e rmo dfo ttt n n l ig 4 4 a to o r n fr e ue n a e h t d e n e ve r m sat co t Se.Te ie M ac . nc. 2006 W L 21 23, t* H ow e r t c tc r cty t e ur . xtl h. l , 37 a 4. ve , he our or e l r ogni dt tiwasnotbo by saeve lw.L- Furhemor,i t tca e ve wa ec ze ha t und tt nue a 4. t r e n ha s , nue s i pr ry l i i t pari a sat co ti whi h t ac i w asc m e e a f om w hi h m ope l a d n he tcul r t e ur n c he ton om nc d nd r c t c ewasrmove t f r c t Jl a *4 l c r t t aci i t i tntc ewa he as e d o edeal our. -. t -5. n ontas,he ton n he nsa as s ts pr ry b oughti t A l m a l Co y Ci c tCour- t f c t tt V i gi a Tor Cl i s ope l r n he be re unt r ui t he a t ha he r ni t am A c cl i , he onl r as t tven a l ge y w a p o ry l d i A l a l Count w a l t r t am t y e on ha ue le dl s r pe l ai n bem r e y, s a e nons t d doe nots e uie s om how vii t t c tnui pr i t ofve i t tc t H e e, ta e he on i ng opre y nue n ha our . nc Sout as e n Te ie M a hi r l doesnotl nd g ea s he t r xtl c ne vs nc. e r t uppor t t def nt 'c us eihe . t o he enda s a e, t r I a e ,ast c ti Sou he t Te t l M a hi r l pr r y r c ze n ny vent he our n t asem x ie c ne ys nc. ope l e ogni d, t sw rnkl i t f de a venue ta f rana ys s c us d by t c i r ton ofs a e ve hi i e n he e r l r ns e l i, a e he ons de a i t t nue r e ,rggest s tmai itgrt a fi sfco s Se i a * (t heeae... a tca uls ti r he yse tc ne iy nd anws a tr . e d. t 4 t- r r prci l f co i r tonsoftm i a lm ia i ofr le a l bl t a def nda w ho i s d i a ns de a i i ng nd i t tons e i f vaia e o e nt s ue n n i ope saec t mpr r tt our venuea wihest rmovet c et fde a c t' 'ts(ffad e nt nd s o e he as o e r l our.', . ç efnda ) tl l z opt t c l nge s a e c tve i s a e c r ,he willke y notha tm e t r m ove t c s s o hale t t our nue n t t ou t l i l ve i o e he a e t fde a c ti hi c le f l.'.Ba e ont f eg nga l i,t c tbeive t t o e r l our f s halnge ais' ) s d he or oi nayss he our le s ha t s t m atc i egrt a f i ne sf c or ,a m os,c ea e a te w ih r s tt t pa te ' he ys e i nt iy nd a r s a t s t t r t i t e pec o he r i s r espectve i er t Even i t i nt ess. f hese f or f act s avort def he endant ,t st i woul not s hat iuaton d neces iy m ean t a t sar l hat ransf ofvenue w oul be i or er d n der. Rat ,t her hese f t sm us be ac or t 12 c i r d al wih a1 oft ot rf c o si de e mi ngwha t û l nc ofe te ' onsde e ong t 1 he he a t r n t r ni t he t a e quii s' ba ditt .Doe 796F.Supp. t221(ntr lquotto maksomitd)(mpha i a d) caes , a i ena ain r te e ss dde . d. lnt erest i havi I çont sn ng ocal roversi deci athom e es ded Alho h t c e e t t tga r s t t s l w s tunde abl occ r d w ihi t t ug he or ven s ha ve i e o hi a ui ni y ur e t n he Lync hbur Di s on,t pl ntf c e t tCha l tes le nonet e s pos es e a s r ng g vi i he ai i f ont nds ha r o t vil hel s s s s to i er s i t r s u i n oft sc e: nt e t n he e ol to hi as Thi c e w ilhe p de i t lm is as t t ac e abl a oun of f c t t a s as l l fne he i t o he c pt e m t or e ha l w e or m e of i e m a us on a c tz a nf ce nt fc r y e ii en. TA SERS a e r a l de oye r egul r y pl d a i t Charote vil a A l m a l Count c tz ns Shoul Pl i if be ga ns l t s le nd be re y ii e . d a ntf s c s ul t n t l w s t wil ca e l l l w e or e e of i e s t r f ai uc es f he he a ui l us oca a nf c m nt f c r o e r n fom t i ppr i t us of TA SERS a w ilt pr e tt r i n s oft s r he na opra e e nd l hus ot c he es de t hi ae fo u n c sayij r . ra r m n e e s r nu y ( ke No.1 a 11)Eveni t sf t weg mor he viyi fvoroft dee nt wihi Doc t 4t . f hi acor ihs e a l n a he fnda s t n t c e toft sj 1 4()a yss t be ofas iayfco ,a sae a he ontx hi 40 a nal i,he nt oltr a tr s ttd bove,doe not s ne e s iy di t t a c r a n out om e o t s m oton t t a f rvenue. c s arl c a e e t i c n hi i o r ns e Bal ance off ors act Thec tdeemi st tbas ont pr e ngexa nai oft r e tfcos aj our tr ne ha, ed he ec di mi ton he elvan a tr, 1 4()a lssa s si fvorofrti ngve i t Cha l ts leDi so The 40 a nay i dvie n a eani nue n he rotevil viin. pl i if sa i a i tTas r l e na i l w hi h i nothea ua t e i Vi g ni i one f a ntf ' cton ga ns e nt r tona , c s dq rer d n r i a, s or pr oduc sla lt a a s h,i m a t r ltl w he e t a ton i br t i biiy nd, s uc t te s ite r he c i s ought He ,i co i r ng . nce n nsde i t de e nt 'moton t tanse ve ,t c tobs r est tt sa ton ditlsi t one he f nda s i o r fr nue he our e v ha hi c i sil n o be wee a w i t n dow a t de y w ho a l ge y s he hus nd w ih a Tas r l s h nd he put le dl hot r ba t e . n uc cic s a e ,a f t r as de aie a ve t ba a e ofe te w e ghs i f vo of r um t nc s nd or he e ons t l d bo , he l nc quii s i n a r alow i t pl i ift c l ng he a ntf o hoos he own f r . l ed, he c t us afor de e e e t t e r o um nde t our m t f d f r nc o he pl ntf ' c c ofvenue. The de e nt co e t tt pl i if s c ce ofve s d be ai i f s hoi e f nda s nt nd ha he a ntf hoi nue houl accor no def ence becaus t ac i w as orgi l fl i s at courtand becauset f t ded er e he ton i naly ied n t e he ac s 13 aleg i t com pl ntbe rltl r a i hi t t Cha l t vil D i s on. How e r t l ed n he ai a ite el tons p o he rotes le vi i ve , he defnda t dir ga d t f c t tapl i ifsc c ofve ge r l co m a dee e e, e n s s e r he a t ha antf hoie nue ne aly m nds fr nc D oe 796 F.Supp. t221 a f t r or de a e n m or def r nce w he t s ti fl d , a , nd, urhe m e, m nds ve e ee n he ui s ie i t pl ntf shomef um.Se Ro ki m Prc tl ,2011W L 55 2, t* (çA) n he ai if or e c ngha e as.nc. 2609 a 3 :g pl i if sc c ofis hom e f um i gi n m or w e g t n ischoi ofa f ei f um . a ntf hoi e t or s ve e i ht ha t ce or gn or ' ' (n en l u tto makso te )( u tn GTE W iee s I . . lo itr a q o ai n r mi d q oig t rls.nc v Ouac mm.n .71F. p Ic, Su p. 2:51 51 ( D.Va.1 );Al r .l v.Pur PhamaL. ,634F.Supp. 626,633 1 7, 9 E. 999)) phama nc. due r P. 2d ( . Va 2009)(ttngt tadee ntmus s ovewhemi i W D. . sai ha fnda t how r l ng nconve e et prvalon ninc o e i amoi t ta frve whent pli ifi tae t s ti hi homef m) Furhe mo e ton o rnse nue he antf niitd he ui n s onl . t r r , t c tnot t tt de enda s s ils de t bur n i o s he our es ha he f nt t l houl r he de ç how t tShe ba a e o eq tes t ha t l nc f uii i i t erfv r(nd t a j d ca e o o a dc n e e c t a1 a t sfvo s i i a ohe s n h i a o a q h t u iil c n my n o v nin e o l p ri a r ut n n t r e f um.' Doe, F. or '' 796 Supp. t221(uoi El i e, F.Supp.a 68 .Ast f eg ng a q tng drdc 620 t 4) he or oi a l i de nayss monsr t s t de e nt ha f ie t s tsy t sbur n- t y ha f ie t ta e , he f nda s ve al d o aif hi de he ve a ld o s o t th b ln eo e ute tlsi terfv ra dt a j dca e o o a dc n e in et h w ha te aa c f q iis i n h i a o n h t u iil c n my n o v n e c o t a lpa te f vors ti t Ly hbur D i s on,a o 1 ri s a ui n he nc g vi i s ppos d t t Cha l t s le D i s on. e o he r ote vil vi i 11 1. Concl on usi Fort r a ons de a l d a he e s t ie bove, he c t ilg a tt pl i if sm o i f l ve t fl t our w l r n he a ntf ton or ea o ie a s r edi s c n e d c pl i . A c di y, he c twildi m i sasm ootbot t upe s ng e ond m nde om a nt cor ngl t our l s s h he pl i t f s o i na m oton f l a t fl a s ond a e d com pl i and Appom a t a n if r gi l i or e ve o ie ec m nde a nt tox Cot y' Rul 1 b)5)a ( ()moi Furhe e,hec t l de t defnda s mt s e 2( ( nd b)6 ton. t nnor t our wil ny he e nt' 14 m otonst t a f rve i o r ns e nue. The Cl r i die t d t s nd c ri i d co e oft sm e o andum opi on a t e k s r c e o e e tfe pi s hi m r ni nd he ac om pa ng or rt a 1c c nyi de o 1 ouns lofr or e ec d. ENTER:Thi 1 s $ d yo Mac , 01 a f rh 2 2. Chi Unie St t DititJ ge ef t d aes src ud 15

Disclaimer: Justia Dockets & Filings provides public litigation records from the federal appellate and district courts. These filings and docket sheets should not be considered findings of fact or liability, nor do they necessarily reflect the view of Justia.


Why Is My Information Online?