Lewis v. Long et al

Filing 24

MEMORANDUM OPINION. Signed by District Judge Glen E. Conrad on 3/17/16. (hnw)

CL S OFFI U.. ST.
ERK'
CE S DC GOURF
ATR> ,< , A
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FLED
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I THE UN I
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TED STATES DI UCT COURT
STI
FO R TH E W ESTERN DI
STR I OF V I N I
CT
RGI A
CHA R LOTTESV I
LLE DI I ON
V SI

MA2 17 2 1
26
JULAC UD
I
BY:

, CIEM

u'Y CL
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CRY STA L D .LEW I
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Appela ,
lnt

Ci lAci n No. 1
vi to
3: 4CV0001
0
M EM OR ANDUM OPI ON
NI

CLY DE A .
LON G ,J .
R,

By:H on.Gl n E.Corr d
e
la
ChifUnie S a e DititJ
e
t d t t s src udge

Appe l e.
le

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ysa
wi ied hi ppe r
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f r t W e t r Ditit of Vigi a i whih t bn upt y c thed t tLewi f ie t
o he se n src
r ni, n
c he nkr c our l ha
s a ld o
pr s nt s fc e e denc t pr
e e ufii nt vi e o ove t t a debt owe t he by Cl
ha
d o r
yde A. Long wa
s

n n ic ag a l p rua t o j5 3 a( )o teBn k u tyCo e wh c e e t fo ds h r e
o ds h r e be u s n t 2 ()6 f h n r p c d , ih xc p s r m ic a g
a y d b ic re (o wilu a d maiiusij r b ted b o t a o h re t y' 1 U. C.
n e t n u rd t r l l n lco nu y y h e t r o n t e ni . 1 S. j
f
f
t '

5 3 a( ) Th b nk pc c u tsd cso wa i tal afr db t i c u t nNo e r2 ,
2 ()6 . e n nlty o r' e iin s ni ly fime y hs o r o v mbe 4
i
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ve , n es e o
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ppr it o e
he s o he nkr pt y our o l rfc ton
t c son t

rs e tt Le ssa s rin t a wi f la d maiiusij r s ul be ifre i te i tn
e p c o wi' s e t h t l u n lco nu y ho d n er d n h m a t
o
l
c e. On r m a t ba u c c tis a s pplm e alm e or td l o ni clrf i
as
e nd, he nkr pt y our s ued u e nt
m al lm pi on a iyng
is de son on t s is . For t f l ng r s ,t ba u cy c ts de ii wilbe
t cii
hi s ue
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a fr d i 1 1.
fime n 1
B ackeround

Le i a Lo w e e i ve s xua l a va i tm e i 1
w s nd ng r nvol d e ly t r ous i s n 999 a 2000. D uing t
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c s of t i s xualr l tons p,Le i w a onl 1 or 1 yea s ol a Lo w as 22 or 23
our e he r e
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r d, nd ng
ye sol The conc i d a c l ,w ho w a bo n i N o m be of2000.
ar d.
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l Augus of 2001 Long pl guit t t co s of c r l knowl ge of a c l
n
t
,
ed ly o wo unt
a na
ed
hid

bewee t re n a ffe n ye r ofage i vi ai o Vigi a Code j 18. 63. He was
t n hite nd ite as
, n olton f r ni
2s ntnc d t at alt r ofi prs
e e e o ot e m
m ionme oftn ye r ,wih s ve ye r s pe d.
nt e a s t e n a s us nde
The e fe ,Le stld aci ls ta i tLong i t Cic tCour ofCul pe Coun y,
r a tr wi se
vi ui ga ns
n he r ui
t
pe r
t
a l i i e i l i lci n of e o i
leg ng nt ntona nfi to
m tonal dite s e l a s ul a ba tr a c r
sr s ,s xua s a t nd te y, nd a nal
knowldge ofa m i .Long di no m a a a a a e i t c s untlhe a
e
nor
d t ke n ppe r nc n he a e i
ppea e pr s a
rd o e t

ad fut ud me t a ig Th Cic i Coute tr dadea lj d me to la ii a ds t h
ea lj g n he rn . e r ut t' n ee
fut u g n n ib ly n e t e
t
ma trf rajlytil o d r n d ma e .Pro t til Lo g p o e dn pr s , n Le s
te o t ra t demie n g s ir o ra, n , r c e ig o e a d wi,
r
tr ug c t e, xe u e ap o so y i tl n n t wi ac n e so o j d me ti fv r
h o h oms l e c td r mis r nsal t o e t o f sin f u g n n a o
me
h
ofLe s i t a mtof$1254, 00. Th t u g n i t et ryng d b i t i tn
wi n he mol
, 000.
a j d me t s h mdeli e t n he nsa t
m ater
t .

On J ua y 1 201 Long fl d ape ii f Cha e 7ba upty. Le st n br
an r 0, 3,
ie
tton or pt r nkr c
wi he ought
t unde l ng a r a y pr ee ng,s ki a de e na i t tt de owed t he by Long
he
r yi dve s r oc di ee ng
t nni ton ha he bt
o r

i n n ie r e b eu d r1 U. C. 5 3 a( )
s o d shag a l n e 1 S. j 2 ()6 .
The pari sa a e be or t ba pt c tf a be h ti on Ocobe 21,201
te ppe r d f e he nknl cy our or
nc ral
t r
3.
Lewi c le Lo a he o y wine s On die te mi to Long ad it t thea Lewi
s al d ng s r nl t s .
r c xa nai n,
m ted ha
nd
s
c
onceved a c l whe Le swa 1 ye r ol butLong i c t d t ti wa no t i t fe
i
hid
n wi s 3 a s d,
ndia e ha t s t mtl : tr
a
t f t't the wast d he a Oc .21 201 TralTr 1 Long as a itd t thepl d
he ac' ha
ol r ge. t , 3 i
. 9.
lo dm te ha
e

g i y t t c u t o c r a k o e g o amio i voain o Vigni Co e j 1 .- 3
ul o wo o n s f n n l n wld e f n r n ilto f r i a d
t
82 6 .
W he a ke a
n s d boutt c vi pr e ngsi s a e c ',Long t tfed t the appe r i co ton
he i l oce di n t t oul
t
es i
ha
a ed n ur

t e d yt a te d futj d me twa e trd a an th m,a t a te saec u t u g ake
h a h t h ea l u g n s n ee g is i nd h t h tt o r j d e s d
hi s m e que tons Howe r t c e soft equesi a Long' a we st r t we e
m o
si .
ve , he ont nt
hos
tons nd
s ns r he eo r
note iie oro he wie pr e e by Le s Long t sii d t ta t a we i t sae c t
lct d
t r s es nt d
wi.
e tte ha fer ns rng he tt our

2

j d es q sins t j d e e tr d te d futj g n b c u e Lo g lc e a y sa oy
u g ' ue t , he u g ne e h ea l ud me t e a s n a k d n tmtr
o
ba i t pr ve e r ofde a t
ss o e nt nty
f ul.

Att c os ofLe ss e de e,Long m a a m o i t srke. The bn pt y c t
he l e
wi ' vi nc
de
ton o ti
n#nl c our

c n tu d t e mo in a a moin f rj d me t o pa t lfn i g u d r Rul 5 () o te
o sr e h to s
to o u g n n ri id n s n e e 2 c f h
a
Fe a Rul ofCi lPr e e. The bn pt y c u't t moton t ra s m e ta
der l es
vi oc dur
nknz c ot t ook he
i mde dvie n nd
alo d Lo t puton e de i hi def ns .
l we ng o
vi nce n s e e
On J nuay 28,201 t ba pt y c tis d a m e o a
a r
4, he nknz c our s ue
m r ndum o ni n a or r
pi o nd de

ga tn Lo g' Ru e 5 c moin. Theb n r p c c u trj ce Le ssag me tt a t e
rn ig n s l 2() to
a k u ty o r ee td wi' r u n h t h
sae cour pr e ngs a i t Long we e e il d t pr cusve e f t unde t dpc rne of
tt
t oce di
ga ns
r ntte o e l i fec
r he ti
c lt r le t ppe,a he d t tLe ss e de e wa i ufi e t esa ih t tLo sde
olae a so l nd l ha wi ' vi nc
s ns fcint o t bls ha ng' bt

t h rao efo awilu a maiiusij r .Ac o dngy teba k t tyc u'r ldta t e
o e rs rm
lf l nd lco n u y c r i l,h n rl c o l ue h t h
p
t
d b wa n te c p e fo d shag u e j 5 3 a( )a d tu ,t a Lo g wa e tte t
e t s o x e td r m ic r e nd r 2 ()6 n , h s h t n s n ild o
j d me ti tea v rayp o e d n .
u g n n h d e sr r c e i g
Le sa a e t ba upt y co tsde ii
wi ppe l d he nkr c ur ' c son.Thedecs o w a a fr e by t sc t
ii n s fim d hi our

o Nove
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4.
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t do rne of c l t r l e t l a t t Le s f ie t pr e s fce e de e t
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wi a ld o es nt ufi int vi nc o

etbiht a t d b o dt h rb Lo gwa f rawi f l n maiiu ij r .
sa ls h the e t we o e y n s o
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lme t f nu y, lf l s , n
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Fl e wood,N o.A 1 0011 G S,201 Bnnk .LEX I 2031 a *
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d ma e a ie fo s x a a us , t ttsu h i frn e fo fo t g n rly a c p e
a g s rs r m e u l b e' ha t j c n ee c l ws r m he e eal c e td
'
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n ee ty n n e to a, o f a t ih n u sin by a e n g s' itr a ct in
)
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a q tto makso te ) T. v. v , 4 B. 3 2 3 7( n r W . M o 2 0 )(i dn
nd uoain r mitd ; K. Lo e 3 7 R. 6 , 6 Ba k . D. . 0 6 fn ig
l r a on why t i e r d-nt n sa r a i bl t s xualmi c uc a i tm i r i
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ohe stig , h u dno as a pl i b n r p c ' (iigc s s.
t r etn s s o l t lo p y n a k u ty' ctn a e )
)
Upon r vi wi t r c d fom t ba m z c c ur pr e ngs t co tf und i
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t

a o i t t r m a t ca et t ba cu c c tf clrfc ton oft lgala o f c ua
ppr prae o e nd he s o he nl pt y our or a iia i
r
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bassf is de ii n o t spa tc a is . Alho h t bankr c cou te es l de lne
i or t c so n hi riulr s ue t ug he
upty r xpr sy c i d
t as tme,i t ,ori e e y e e t o Le ss c e of a ton,t c twa t bl t
o sl
mpu e
nf r ver l men f wi ' aus
c i he our s ma e o

d tr n whehe teb n nlty c u t ia re wiht d cso sfo oh r u idcin a d
ee mi e t r h n k p c o r ds g e d t he e ii n ' m te j rs ito s n
r
c ncu e t tterq rd ee n su d rj5 3 a( )c n o bee tb ihe b ifr n e o i
o ld d ha h e uie lme t n e 2 ()6 n n t sa ls d y n ee c , r f

i f u ta t ede iin we ed si g iha l o t erfcsa d t a t er q iieij t a d
t o nd h t h cso s r itn us be n h i a t n h t h e ust n uy n
i e c d notbei ere fom t e de e i t spari ulrca e.
ntnt oul
nf r d r he vi nc n hi tc a s
On r nd,t ba pt y c tis d a s e nt lm e and o ni carf ng
ema he nknz c our s ue
uppl me a mor um pi on l iyi
t ti Gdia e swih t opi onsofDoev.Fle wood a T. . Love a hol t ti or r
ha t i s gr e t he ni
et
nd K v.
nd ds ha n de

f zace i rt ha ea d b d cae no ic ag a l u d rs ci n 5 3 a( ) h O s emu t
o r dt o v e t e lr d nds h r e be n e e to 2 ()6 , e r h s
o
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ove
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ij r r s li i t pa t ua d b ,a d t e Co r i n tpemitd t ifrs c ee ns'
nu y eu t n he ri lr e t n h u t s o r te o n e u h lme t.
ng
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Supp' M e . Op. 1 Doc t N o. 23. The c s ha be n r t e t t s c t . f f r he
l m
3,
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c i r to
ons de a i n.

4

D i c s on
s us i

A de ori ge r ly pe m itd t dic r a 1de st ta os be o e t tlng ofli
bt s ne a l r te o s ha ge 1 bt ha r e f r he ii
ls

ba r pc p tto . 1 U. C. 7 7 b .Ho v r j5 3(,o t eBn k u ty Co est f rh
nk u ty ei n 1 S. j 2 ( ) we e , 2 a f h n r p c d es o t
i
)
C e r lm ied e e i t tls pr s
ç ve al i t xc ptons o li e umpton o dic r a lt ' Kubot Tr c o Cor v.
s
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a a tr
p.

S rc 5 4F.d4 3 49 ( t Ci. 0 ) G h nc n ie igt ea pia iiyo a e e to
ta k, 2 3 9 , 7 4h r 20 8 . û e o sd rn h p lc b l f n xc p in
W
t
t ds h r e Eout mu t c n tu t ee e to nar wl (op oe tt ep r o eo p o i ig
o ic ag , c t' s) o sr e h xc pi n ro y t r tc h u p s f r v dn
s

d bo safeh sa t' Nu eyv. t re 4 F.d21 , 9 (t Ci. 0 7 ( u tngFoe
e tr r s tr.' nn r Romte , 78 3 5 21 4h r 2 0 ) q oi ly
'
& La d rv Bin o 1 0 F.d 1 6 1 0 (t Ci.1 9 :;s e as M ilrv. . Ab n sIc,
r ne . o d , 8 3 2 , 3 4 h r 9 9 e lo l
e JD. rms n .
1 6 F.d 5 8 6 2 ( t Ci.1 9 )CTh ds h r ee e to saet ben ro y c n tu d i
5 3 9 , 0 5h r 9 8
e ic a g xc p in r o
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a o f he e t r ic h i f he r u ty d s o i e h b o rs tr.)
k
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The pa t c le ng t di c r a lt of a de bea s t blr n of pr ng t de
ry hal ngi he s ha ge biiy
bt r he zde
ovi he bt
oca
ne
S.
no s ha ge e by a pr ponde a of t e de e. Gr n v.G ar r,498 U . 279, 291
ndic r abl
e
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(9 )
1 91.
I tlsca e Le ss
n li s , wi oughtt ha Long' de t he de l r d nondic r a et r
o ve
s bt o r c a e
s ha ge bl mde

j5 ()6 , ih e e t fo d sh r eç n d b . . o wilu al maiiusij r b t
23 a( ) whc xc p s r m ic a g s y e t . f r l l r lco nu y y he
a
f d
d b o t a ohe e tt o t tep o e t o a oh re tt ' 1 U.. j5 3 a( ) Thes o e
e tr o n t r niy r o h r p ry f n te n i ' 1 SC. 2 ()6 .
y.
cp
of t s pm iul r dic r e e i was a l d by t Supr m e Co ti Ka at u v.
hi
c a s ha ge xc pton
nayze
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ur n wa tha

Geg r 5 3 U. 5 ( 9 8 . I Geg r te S p e Co r l ld t ta d b aiig fo a
ie , 2 S. 7 1 9 ) n ie , h u rme u t ' e ha e t rsh r m
u
me ia map a tc j d me t wh c s u d d i n gi e to rc ls c n u t dd n tfl
dc l lr cie u g n, ih o n e n e lg n r e k e s o d c, i o al
wihi t saut y e e i pr de i j 527()6) l s decdi t Suprme Co t
t n he tt or xc pton ovi d n
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e
ur
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5

W e c r t t s pi al que to c
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wi

maiiu 'ij r e e to Do sj5 3 a( )sc mp s c v ra t, o e
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i e to al,ta c u eiju (st eKa a h u t g ) o o l a t d n w11
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1
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t a te itr rtto u g d by t p tto es wo l rn e oh r p o iins o j 5 3 a
h t h n ep eai n r e
he eiin r ud e d r te r v so f 2 ()
s rl us t Supr me Cour hed t tçde s a ii fom r c es l orne i nty i lc e
upe fuo , he
e
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glge l nfit d

ij re d n tfl wihn t c mp s o j5 3 a ()' I a 6 l se d ç 5 ()6 a pl s
nu is o o al t i he o a s f 2 ()6 . d. t 4. n ta ,ç 23 a() p i
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e
onl t ç t donewih t a t i e t c us i lr '' Dunc n v.Dunc n,448F. 725,729
y o acs
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(t Ci. 0 6 (mph ssi o i ia)(u tn Geg r 5 3U. a 61.
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I Gec r te S p e Co r as rj ce t peiin r 'agl n t a,S sapoiy
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e kl s l
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(o rs mus f lo t ec re tdr cinj5 3 a( )p o i e . 1 .
c u tq t o lw h u r n ie to 2 ()6 r v d s' d
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I t i t tca e Le sno a
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es i l r i y r t nt l ng he lc
c nsde a i be nd sae sa u or r pe lws Le s a g s t tt e se of wilu a
o i r tons hi tt t t t y a a , wi r ue ha he xit nce
lf l nd

maiiusij r s o l b ifre o i idi a yc s i wlc ad b o e g g di s x a
lco n u y h u d e n e rd r mpl n n a e n l h e tr n a e n e u l
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6

c a twih a mi rl W hieLe s sposto i t sr ga d i f rfom fi ous a e de d
ont c t
no .
l wi'
ii n n hi e r s a r rvol , s vi nce
by t c elw o whi s r les t s c tfnds i unpe s sve. I lg oft Supr m e
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5 3 a () a d ta t c t'i n tpemitdt ifrs h ee n ss ll ba e o t p bi
2 ()6 , n h t he out s o r te o n e uc lme t oey s d n he u lc
polc c i r t o unde l ng t a e ede tac i n.
i y ons de a i ns
r yi he nt c n to
A s t ban pt y co t no e i is s e e a m em or ndum o ni t publc
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polc c e nsr ied by Le sa ebes add e s t Cong e s whih ha t a lt t n e
i y onc r a s
wi r
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r s , c s he biiy o m nd

te Ba knp c Co e ç e fncin o tej iir i t a pl t e lw,n tt rwrt i t
h n zty d . Th u to f h udcay s o p y h a o o e ie t o
c n o m wih tepoiy p sto so l ia t. Ra t v Go ma ,7 F.d 2 , 3 (t Ci.
o f r t h lc o iin f i g n s' na . r n 21 3 41 25 4h r
t
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2 3 . Th s whe t esau o ylngzg i ce r a i i i ti c s , h c u ti t o a l ty
01 ) u , n h tttr a t e s la, s t s n h s a e t e o r s t t t i t
a
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t de a ef o t txti f vorofa ge ai e noton ofpublc polc ' St hlv.Si o 78
o vit r m he e n a
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F.d 1 8 ,1 9 ( t Ci. 5 .Ise d ç ae e e utbepo r rman i t b n rpty
3 2 5 2 5 9h r 201 ) n ta ,s tv r q i l we s e i n he a k u c
wh
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ours
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Bn kW o t n tnv. lt, 5U..1 7 2 6( 9 8 .
n
rhigo Ah es 48 S 9 , 0 1 8 )

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xpl ne n he our' e ous
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l blt o fns i Vigi a Vigni Co ejl . 6 tesaueun e whc Lo gwa c ag d ma si
i iiy fe e n r ni. r i a d 82-3,h ttt d r ih n s h re , ke t
a
aCls 4f l yof n et C a n l k wl, tou t u eo f re ac idtite ye r o a o ol rb t
a s eon fe s o t r al no q wi t he s f oc , hl hre n a s f ge r de u
c y
h
u de tfe nye r o a e' Va Cod j1 .- 3 A) Un rVignalw, tite - e rodmi rc nn t
n r ite as f g . . e 82 6 ( . de r ii a a hre n y a-l no a o
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lgal cons t se i er s and herwilngne t do so i no def ns t t crmeofcanal
e ly
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k owld e Se Bu z r v. mmo at 1 4 S. 6 4 6 6 6 ( .1 22 (x ani ta idvi as
n e g . e z ad Co nwe l 1 E. 6 , 6 - 7 Va 9 ) e pli ng h t n i du l
h,
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n r he ge f o s n o o v h e a c p ct o ve o s n o e u ln ec re .

7

I t co e of t s c e,t Bnnknl c Code m a s ce t tt e s a de i t
n he nt xt hi as he
pt y
ke lar ha ml s
bt s he

r s l o awilul a maiiusy ifitd ij r t d b i ds h r e b e S e 1 U. C.j
e ut f lf l nd lco l n lce nu y,he e t s ic a g a l. e 1 S.
y
5 3 a () Gec r 5 3 U..a 61 Be a s Le sfie t pr v by aprp n ea e o t
2 ()6 ; i e, 2 S t . c u e wi ald o o e
e o d rnc f he
e d n et tLo ga t dwi t ewilu a dmaiiusitn t ij r h r Le si no e tte
vie c ha n ce t h l l n lco ne t o nu e e , wi s t n ild
h
f
t a e c p info ds h r eu d rj5 3 a( )
o n x e to r m ic ag n e 2 ()6 .
Concl on
usi

Fort r s sa e t co tc l st tt ba r t y c tsde i i mus be
he ea ons tt d,he ur onc ude ha he nk up c our' c son
t
a fr e i 1 1.TheClr i die t d t s nd c esoft sme or ndum o ri and
fim d n 1
e k s r c e o e opi
hi m a
pilon
t a compa ng or rt a1c
he c
nyi
de o l ouns lofr cor
e
e d.

a f rh 6.
D ATED : s l W d yo M ac , 201
Thi q

Cii fUnied St t Diti tJ
le
t
aes src udge

8