McFarland v. Chaxu Inc.

Filing 54

MEMORANDUM OPINION. Signed by District Judge Glen E. Conrad on 4/5/16. (jcj)

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PI ' OS I U. DI . WRKS J CV S. ST COURT F I lRQAKOXH, h IJ VA t so /c: gS e 1 :? g s 1> k o c I TH E UN I N TED STA TES DI STRI COU RT CT FOR THE W ESTERN DI STRI OF VI NI CT RGI A J C, ',' L RK Um q E BY; CHA RLOTTESV I LLE D I SI VI ON DEP l J E M CFAM AND, ANI Ci lA c i N o.3: 5CV 0001 vi ton 1 6 Pl i i f a ntf , M EM OM NDUM OPI ON M i Hon.Gln E.Co ad e nr Chi fUnied St esDititJ e t at src udge 1 CHAXU,I C.d ba N // CHARLOTTES LLE S VI UPER 8MOTEL, l f D e e nt f nda . 1 j J I t sneglge ea ton,J ni Mc ra whoi pr e i pr s ,c e t I s n hi i nc ci a e Falnd, s oc edng o e ontnds hà he t ssan dp ro a ijlisa ars lo ben bte b b db swhl sa iga ag etaite utie es n lnt e s eut f ig itn y e ug ie tyn s u s$ h r , C h ( , aoe i SprMolte ol.Tea i retbfehcutnhpre rtsl ue8 t(hM t' hcs s enye rt orotlai ltvl e eç e' ) e ps l o e e ts cos tn frl rjdmetntesu olblyadh Moe'spl na rs- i sosmmayug no h i e fi it,n te tl upe ll moo z s ai s met moinf rs mma yj d me to t eis o pliied ma e . Fo t ra o sstf rhb lw, to o u r u g n n h sue f n t n g s r he e s n e o t eo v t h r , ep ris co smoinsf rs mmayj d me t nteis eo l b l ywi b d n e , n t a t r s - to o u r u g n o h su f i ii l e e id y d he e a t l l M o e,ss p lme tlmoin frs mmayj g n o t eis eo p ntv dn g sm 1 b tl u p e na to o u r ud me t n h su f u iie ma e l e l g a t d. r ne B ac ound ker T eolwigatf mteu rjdmeteodaeiel i ue opeetd h fl n fc ' h smmayug nrcr zet rmds td rlsne o sr o h p r i t lg f a e t t nonm o ng pa t SeeA nde s v. be t Lobby. nc. 477 U . 242, n he i ht avor bl o he vi r y. r on Li r v I , S. 255( 98 ;Li rain Pat ofVa v.J 71 F. 308 31 ( h Ci.201 . 1 6) be tra ry . udd, 8 3d , 3 4t r 3) On Satr y,Se e r 1 201 M cFa lnd,he m ot r a a oxi a ey 5 ot r tlda pt mbe 3, 4, ra r he , nd ppr m t l 0 he ! pe pl t a l d o a bus prva e y c re ed by t i c lc f om Am iyvil , e Y o k t o e r ve e n , i t l ha t r he r htr h, r t le N w r o ' f l Cha l tes le, r ni The gr tp sa ove ni a t M ot l whih i o ro t vil Vigi a. o ! t yed r ght t he e, c s wned a ope a e nd r t d by Cha M e a xu ht . M c ra a he m o he we eas i nedt r Fa lnd nd r t r r s g o oom 10 Afe s e ng t condii oft 7. tr e i he ton he I foo andt ba ht t y a tmpt d t m ovet a t rr . Howe r t r we eno o he l r ; r he t ub, he te e o o no he oom ve , he e r t / r oomsa ia e. Si et y we eonl goi t bei Cha l ts lef roneniht t y e e t dt val bl nc he r y ng o n rote vil o g , he l c e o ke p t i a sg d r , c c a ne t beds e her s i ne oom whih onti d wo . Itemideo tergtMcaln a k t c fo itneihn .Bymo jgte nh dl fh lh, Fzad woewierm nes t ig i c n n ,h i hi had wor ened. W hen M cFarand gotoutofbed,shenotced t therpil wasst ned t ng / c s l i ha low ai l, , wih bl t ood. Uponpuli ba k t s e so he be s s w a l a t50 bedbug ( e pi a lng c he he t n r d, he a t e s s t a ng nd l ç r wlng e r s a i ve ywhe e. M c randD e Tr 54,59. c r' ' Fa l p. . M c ra kild s ve a oft be bugswih ana n a s Fa lnd le e r l he d t pki nd howedt m t Desr Sc t he o iee ot ' a e pl e o t M ot w ho w a w or ng a t f o de k. Sc tke t na n co a ni n m oye f he el s ki t he r nt s ot pt he pki nt i ng t bed bugsand advised M cFarland thatthe M otelwould inspectthe room aftershechecked out h l e t tm or ng. ha ni ( W he M c rand r tz ned t he r m , hepule ba k t c r o he m o he ' be a n Fa l e tr o r oo s l d c he ove s n r t r s d nd f bedbugscrawlingnearthefootofthebed. Usinghercellphone,M cFarlandtookphotosof l ound t bug bieson he bodyand r c ded vi o f ageoft be . he t r e or de oot he ds OnM onda Se e y, pt mber1 201 a trr t ni t N e Yor M c ra obt ne 5, 4, fe eur ng o w k, Fa l nd ai d l l m e c te t ntf t bug bie . Tha s meda Sco t le M c ra a co imedt t dial r a me or he ts ta y, t cal d Fa l nd nd nfr ha b ebghde fnirm1.Soiit tteurtot b iwi dusabno dno 0 ctdadh t dsul nh enlh e u o 7 tnce ah tf e d l c e a M c ra ha se was(nf se ' t t b , t tt M ot wa go ngt taket r Fa lnd d lpt ç e t d'wih he ugs and ha he i el s i o s !he oom t l o to c mmiso . Mc aln De Tr l 3 seas is$T) yh dfsee -t 4odse u f o sin' F ra d p. . 3 ; e lo é (ç he a etrd he r h ' ( i 2 us d- t yh df see i t ed t ute' . Sc t frh ra v s dt a teM o e wa g igt e -he a e trd n h us r f1 .) o tu te d ie h t h tl s on o ' r fm dt a e t he mountpad f t r . i or he oom Dlrnghe de ii M c randwasas d whe he s s w a be bugywhe s zi r poston, Fa l ke t r he a ny d n he i talypule bac t coveso he be McFara r pondedi t ne tve butnob t t nii l ld k he r n r d. lnd es n he gai , td ha l s eQd in't ikt e e l o f ra yhng' J a 51 h l ld t hn o v n o k o n ti . . t . l ' Z Pro t M c zand' sa Or n Pes Co r r gulzy te t d t M ot lsc ac a i r o Fa l s ty, ki t ntol e a l r a e he e ' r ks nd c e c t pr ve t e r ofa sa r he . I r pons t M c ra sc r vi es o e nt he nty nt nd oac s n es e o Fa lnd' ompli t ,t a n s he l M ot lar nge f Or n t te tr e r a d or ki o r a oom 1 f bed b K apr ve ai m e s e. M e a 07 or ugs t as e nt tve a ur ' ' ht Afi . 4. Th M oe man an t a ih dn k o e g o b db s igp e e tnter o a fd ! e tl itis h tt a o n wld e f e ug ben rs n i h o m t ! a tm eprort M c ra sco pl nt. ny i i o Fa lnd' m ai s 1 1 Stnd r o Re e a a d f viw T h 1 l eaeso bfrteorot pre'rsmtnfru ayug l.A csinw e ehcutnh atscos oososmmrjdmet n o e i -i n aa osm rjdmniaportS te vnso shthrin gnieiue wr fu ma ug etsprpieç hmoathw tate so eu l s t d y ai f e n dp atay arlatnte oatsnietjdmetsmaeol 'FdRCvP sonmtifcadhmvnietl oug naa trfa e.l i.. ea td t m' . 5(.ldtmnghhaeidptomtiftishcr uCet 6) nerinwee gueiu farlcxtt ot sswh a e i tr nn s e eaaes,e um tv e l i fcsa dal u tfa l ifrnc sa iigt rfo i t lg tmo tfv rb et ten n v n a t n 1j si be n ee e rsn heer m n he ih s a o a l o h ol i g mo pa t ' Li rara Pa t ofVa.718F. a 31 K he f ce wih c os - i f s ry. ' be t in ry , 3d t 3. f n a d t r s motons or 1 W ummar y jdgment gourtjconsiereachmoton sparael on isownmerist deermiewhetleiher u ,c s d i e ty t to t n hr t e ot prserejgetsmtrfa. Bcn.ioRcmn,7Fd3, feaidsvsu mnaa aeol ' a vCt fi od45( 63 h t e d e t w' o y h . 3 663 (tCr20) t eorm sdn btmtniifdtthriagnie 3-74 i 07.Thcut utey oh oisfti sh te s?eu h . o n a e n dipu e of m a e i f c ,bu i t r i no ge ne i s a one or t o he pa t i e tted t s t t ral a t t f he e s nui s ue nd he t r r y s n il o l p e ala ama tro lw, h c u t l rnd r u me t' S yAn e U. .LLC v Dic v r rv i s te f a t e o r wi e e j dg n ' k c l S. l . f s o ey 3 Co 's. mmcn .LLC, F. u p. d 8 0 8 9 ( M d. 01 )(n en lctto a dq o ain mak 95 S p 3 6 , 6 D. 2 5 itr a iain n u tto r s o te . mitd) Di scuss on i Btsehv moe fru tjdmetnteiu olbly TeMoehs oh i s ae vdosmmayug no h s e fi it. h lla d ' s ai t as mo e f rs mmayj d me to t is eo pmiied ma e . Th c u t l a d : se c lo v d o u r u g n n he su f t tv n g s e o r wil d r s a h i s i t n. s ue n ur 1 . L i lw abii M c ra a s rsa cli f rneg i nce a i tt M ot . Unde Vigi a l ,whih Fa l nd s e t am o lge ga ns he el r r ni a c l a pl si t sdv riy c s ,i al n gi e c c us so a to a eb s d o alg to ta a p i n hi ie st ae û jl e lg n e a e f ci n r a e n l ains h t e g e l pe s ha ng adut ofc r t a he pe s vi a e t tdut ofc r t oug aci t twe e r on vi y a e o not r r on olt d ha y a e hr h tons ha r l S 2d251,254 t a.2012) tl ever cas ,i i frtecot't detrmie,asaquesinoflw, I a E. ' V .l n y e t s o h ut o e n to t eprxi t c us o ij r t a oh rp ro ' S e r v Holn F miyPr p .LLC,7 h o mae a e f nu y o n te e s n. twad . la d a l o s. ' 26 . f o a1t cr um sa s i i i c r ve t whehe t pl ntf f l wihi t cls oft e r m l he ic t nce j f t s onto red, t r he ai if als t n he a s hos t whom t de e ntowe adut ' Dudl v.Ofe rAi & Reso ai ofRihm ondsI , o he f nda s y. ' ev f nde d t r ton c nc. 4 1SE.d 878,883 ( .1991. çl t atquesin i ans r d afimatvel i i f rt ej ry, 0 2 l Va ) t h f to s wee tr i y,t s o h u . pr ryi tuced, ode e mi a anis off twhe he t de e ntbr ac d t dut ' I ope l nsr t t t r ne s s ue ac t r he f nda e he he y. d. ' U rthe com mon law ofVirginia,a Kspecialrelationship' exists between an inl per nde d ' nkee adage Taboada v.Daly Sevem I . 626 S. 2d 428,435 (Va.2006). Alhough an n us t nc, E. t( . i e ri nota ça ol ei ur r'ofisgue t pe s nnke pe s n çbs ut ns e ' t ss' r onals f t ali a e ys t nnkee ro e isg t pe w s t uess an Eel ed' dut ofcar I at434. Thi dut r resi t evat ' y e. d. s y equi nnkeepers(t us t ut os car and ço e he m t e dii nceofve y c to pe s lge r au i us r ons;a t y wilbehe d labl f t si ht s neglge ewhih nd he l l i e or he lg e t i nc c 4 J hmna,dlnfegtolhvfeeadurdgit?I (tnlitn uacrsl doshcu aeo snngaeaas' d ie acaos e l a ri d re d n. .nr li ' t o te ) Th rto aet el n t i p i il i t a (h g e to a in e pe e tu t h s mitd . e ain l md ryig h s rncp e s h t ç e u s f n n k e r nr ss i t s ft t tein e pe a dh sltl a it t c n r l i grh r e vr n n . 1 . aey o h n k e r n a i e bl y o o to h s o eq n io me t' d t i ' l i ot rpr ryhol r ,a i t ke he ope t de s n nnkee rsd yt us r as bl ca ei m ant i ng is pe ' ut o e e ona e r n i ani t pr ry Gnco pas e t dut t m a r a ona ei peci nst de e mi i a whe r par ope t e m s s he y o ke e s bl ns to o t r ne f nd n e is l U idSas ne te t t l 13SE2 7875(a17) Whteontnineprsdr1nbe 9 .. 8,9 V.93. e rroa nkeeue es al d ) h ao aene d d.' J r k v. mo , 7F.Ap x 28 ,2 2 ( t Ci. 2 (uoig Gu n c v r e e '' ama Ra s 49 p' 9 9 4h r 201 ) q tn me ik . , c r i maki i pe tonsK pe upo t f c sa cicl t nc si e h ca eand upon t ae n ng ns c i ç nds n he a t nd r lms a e n ac s de he ! e ie c a d c d' Gu nc 1 3S. 2 a 7 5. vd n e d u e . me ik, 9 E.d t 9 ' I tecause an innkeeper owes a duty of care to its guests to inspectand discoverunsafe û B / ( c ii ,tc nbehed la et ag tunde t t or ofco t ci notce' J r k, F. ond tons i a l i bl o ues r he he y nsnltve i .' a ma 497 Ap' at293( ii Kibvv.M oehl n,30S. 2d548,551(Va.1944:. Thus,i t deltwas p x ctng r ma E. f he e c notc a ea ha e sedf ras t i ntlngt oftm es h t ti wo d ha bee dlc r d i e bl nd d xit o ufk e e h i uc ha t ul ve n s ove e by t e r ieofr as bl dii nc ,a i e rc n behel r ponsbl f i. I ;s e as he xe c s e ona e lge e n nnke pe a d es i e or t d. e lo i Grm v. h sn .4 4S. 2 8 8 8 0( . 9 3 ( g o sz tv k o e g o n tc l . y i Ra e I c, 3 E.d 8 , 9 Va 1 9 ) Gcj n t ie n wld e r oie. ma l uc l bes hown by e de et tt de e twa no i e bl a ha e sedf ras fcintl ngt oftm e vi nc ha he f c s tc a e nd d xit o ufi e e h i l t l o c r ispose s rwihnoi o isd e tvec ton.) Thepli ifha t btr n of hage t ss o t tce f t efci ondii ' . ' antf s he ! de t l p o i g c n t cie n tc . Re elv.De c n 6 S. 2 5 ,5 6 ( .1 51. ç t o g r v n o snltv o ie vl e a , 5 E.d 43 4 Va 9 ) s h u h Al *Thsheghe dd t o c r i g v r e b tec i i tne u y f ae s o e n d y h ommo lw,e e tou hVigi aCo ej n a v n h g r ni d 3 128 ctdbyMc ra d rqursC nypes no n o o rtn ahoe t . .a r ao bl pkc u i s 5.- , i e Faln , e ie ç a ro wnig r peaig tlo . tke e s na e e a ton t poeth p ro sa dpo et o teg et o teh tl' S eVa Co ej3 .-8A) Ash S pe o rtc te es n n rp r f h u ss fh oe. e . d 512 ( . tJ u rme y ' Co r o Vigni n tdi Ta a a j3 128S ke pant tted ispecie ,adtel tto o ut f ri a oe n bo d , 5.- t s li ha h ute rsrb d n h i ain f ma zi l blyafre , ytesaued n tc a g o atrh picpe o lw c n e n ah tl l blyt a i it fod d b h ttt o o Sh n e r l te r iis f a o cmig oe' i it o ai e n sl i g s . . o p ro lij r '' Ta o d j6 6 S. 2 a 4 ( u tn Va Co e j35128E). Ac origl uet . f r es na nu y.' b a a 2 E.d t 32 q oig . d .- ( ) ' dn y, : c wih r pec t t s fcf t oft sca ,t dut ofc eowedt M cFara byt M ot i notgovem e by t es t o he pecii ac s hi se he y ar o lnd he els d t pr sonsoft sat e. I t i ç emai gove ne by t c he ovii he t ut nsead, t ç r ns r d he omm on lw.' I a ' d. l 1 c t c i notc c r be e tbls d by m e e s c a i i i us l i not al ys onsnltve ie amot sa ihe r pe ulton, t s ualy, f wa , e t bls d by cr umsa i e de e. J r k,497 F. sa ihe ic tntal vi nc ' a ma ' App' a 293. x t Apligteepic lstecut od ta agnieiseo maeilateis pyn hs r ie,h orhlsht eun su f tr fc xs np a I t r g r i wh t e t Moe s o l bec ag d wih c n t clen tc o t ep e e to b d e adng eh r he tl h u d h r e t o snltv o ie f h r snc f e b ugs i r n oom 1 . 07 ? i Thshodn prcud ssl r j g n f ret e sd o t e ls o i lig e l e l mmay ud me t o ih r ie n h sue f la lt i biiy. I lg to teM o e' h ihe dd t o c r ,hec u tis c n lde t t t yq sin n ih fh tls eg tne u y f a e t o r frt o cu s ha ajl ueto r l e ssa t whehe t M ot la uae yi pe t r xit s o t r he e deq t l ns ced oom 1 be or i wasa sg dt M cFa lnd 07 f e t s i ne o ra a he mot . I i c nd r her t s omm o knowl e t tbe bug i e t tonsa e on t rs i t Unie n edg ha d nf sa i r he ie n he t d I l St ae . S e eg.Maha v Ac o Ec n.Lo ic I . 3 7 F.( 6 2 6 3 (t Ci.20 3 ts e . . , tis . c r o dgn s nc, 4 3 . 7 , 7 7h r 0 ) (bevn moeta tny asaota b db g weeS kn acmeak i teU , o srig r h n e er g ht e u s r ç ig o bc n hl , ma ) fS. . . Alhought r porsfom Or n i c t t tt M o elsc ac a c e c we ete t f a s t he e t r ki ndi a e ha he t ' r ks nd r vies r r aed or nt l I a tm eprort Se e be 1 201 Li wie,t r i no e de e t tt M ot li pe t d ny i i o ptm r 3, 4. ke s he e s vi nc ha he e ps c e a r he on ar gul bass t r i noi i a i t tOr ni pe t t r m sf be bugsa nd oac s e ar i, he e s nd c ton ha ki ns ced he oo or d t I I r oom 1 be or i wa as i nedt M c ra 07 f e t s sg o Fa lnd. Bas d ont c r ntr or t c t st et e he ure ec d, he our i mabl o I co l asam a tro l w,t tt M ot ls ifed t dut ofc r owe t M c - lnd. Thi ncude, te f a ha he e atsi he y ae d o fara s is emu tb d cd db a u yo teb sso t ee d n ep e e tda lil su s e e ie y j r n h ai f h vie c r s ne tra. The c ts c l i i t s r ga d tdoe not howe r e t a l i be aus ç our' onc uson n hi e r t s , ve , nd he nayss c e a ngligentfailureto inspectdoesnotresultintheimposition ofliability unlessitisestablil d that e s he l a r a ona e i pe ton w o d ha di cl e t pr e e oft de e twhi h c us t ha m .' e s bl ns c i ul ve s os d he es nc he f c c a ed he r '' Jna mnk I , 47 . p'a24(utg ne Sas . rn oic&Tas.o 49 . 9 FA px t9 qoi U id tevMoaTwn r pC. 0 F2 n t t n , d l 961 963( hCi.1 , 4t r 969:. ( deemi ngwhehe adeenda ha consnztvenoieofadee t n tr ni t r f nt d t ci tc ) fc, i t ç r ili uiy'i t de e tsSçus e i lt t dico r a t l ngt oftm et de e t he ç uca nq r ' s he f c ' ts c ptbiiy o s ve y nd he e h i he f c c I 6 ma ei tawolb sfcetocag (edfnat tj oie' L,qbigCt o y xs ht ud e usint hret eednwi nt .' d(ut 1i f t h h c' - n v s lcmnvHo RbePosC.10 ..510V.97.Acril Mcaad th od .od ubrrd.o 9SE9,0(a13: codg, Frn i , ny l l mus e t bls t tt be bugswe epr e f a s fc e pe i o tm ebe o et r t sa ih ha he d r es nt or ufi i nt rod f i f r he oom wa s a sgne t he a woul ha be n d t tduponana quaei pe ton. L. s i d o r nd d ve e eece de t ns ci d . ' Ba e on t c r ntr co d,t c tc l s t ta tibl is off cte ss ast sd he ure e r he our oncude ha ra e s ue a xit o I whehe t M ot ha c t ci notceoft pr s nc ofbedbugsi r m 1 t r he el d onsnz tve i he e e e n oo 07. Ac or ngt c di o Mcaldsvdneteutuf o hre wsneewtbd usals5bd us Frn'eiec, dsrfen ebd ai sd i ebg,te t0l bg a h l ft h a e we euli a ey f r tm t l ound on t p ofhe be a ot rbedbugswer f und i t be on whi h he o r d, nd he e o l he d l c r 1 mohe se t Co tuigt r c r i telg tmo tfv r beti Faln ,ar a o b ej r t r lp . nsr n he e o d n h ih s a o a l c Mc ra d e s n4 l u y I c d fnd t tt bed bugs we e pr s ntf r a s fce pe i oftm e prort M c rand' oul i ha he r ee o ufi int rod i i o Fa l s ar a adta a aeu t iset no tero wo l hv rv ae ter rsnelwhl ri l n ht n d q ae np ci fh o m ud ae e eld h ipeec v o i e . McFarlndi notenttedt udgmentasamateroflw,herevi encei s fiintt wihsandte l a s il oj t a d s u fce o t t h co smoinf rsl r j g n sldb t M oe. r s - to o l mmay ud me t e y he tl I movi gf rsz r j dgme tont i is e t eM otlplc sgra weg tont efc 1h a t n n o l mmay u n hs su , h e a e e t ih ta M c ra dd dn ts ea y b g i he b dbeo es ewe t ose po Se tmb rt , 01 . h t Faln i o e n u s n r e f r h n t le n pe e 3 2 4 I l K l j Howe r unlket M ot l çwho ha a elva e dut ofc r a a i e r'M c rand a ve , i he e, ç d n e td y a e s n nnke pe , Fa l ' ad l n d t u d rVign alw t i s e t h g e lb f r g eln qi i ' n h rd p sto tsi n o u y n e r ii a o n p c t e b d eo e g tig n t'a d e e o i n etmo y i m a scla t ts di notc os y e m i t bedbe or goi t se p. Jn mak, F. ke e r ha he d l el xa ne he f e ng o le r 497 App' x a 2 4 9 js e as M c ra d De Tr 5 (o ig t ts e td in' t ik t e n lo f r t 9 - 5 e lo Faln p. . 1 n tn ha h s ld t hn o ve o k o g a hi ' nyt ng'undert c r) Acc di y, c ra sde ii tsi he oves . or ngl M Falnd' poston etmonyi t sr gadi not n hi e r s de e m i tve a t s s a oft pr e ngs t r na i t hi t ge he oc edi . I s ,t evi nce i t r cord,viw ed i t lghtm os f vor bl t M cFaro d,does ( n um he de n he e e n he i ta a eo l ! no e t bls asa ma troflw t tt M o e m e isdut a an i e rt i pe ti t sa ih te a ha he t l t t y s nnke pe o ns c oom 1 07 7 I I bef r a sgni i t M c ra o e s i ng t o Fa lnd. M or ove ,atibl is off c e ssast whe he t M ot l e r ra e s ue a t xit o t r he e ha c t c i notc oft pr s nce of be bugs i t r m . Acc di l neihe sde i d onsnztve i e he e e d n he oo or ng y, t r i s e tte t s mmayj g n o t eis eo la iiy nild o u r ud me t n h su f ib l . t I. I PuntveDa z s ii ma e l l Th i e thsl mvdfruma jdmetnhiu ow eetelnii Moe aao oe osm r ug notes ef htrhpatfs l s y s h If i e il d t r cove punii da age . U nde V igi a l w ,ç n a a d ofpt ii dam ag i not ntte o e r tve m s r r ni a t w r a m tve es s f red generally becausepunitivedamagesarein thenatureofapenalty and should be qI rded a vo wa ' va onl i c s si vi t mos e e o c y n a e nvol ng he t gr gi us onduc . Bo r v. s c Cop, 9S..2d661 t' wes Wet o r.41 El , 68V.1992) A pli tf who seekst rcoverpuniiednmagestmus prsentevi e(etat 6 (a . anif oe tv t t e dn h c t de e ntsa t we e <o wilulorwa o a t e nc ac c o dir ga d o t rght of he f nda ' c s r s lf nt n s o vi e ons i us s e r f he i s l oe).seamlisodc.i.asd(ronte0e.oeuo,4wo21p(a t8),Thelseacurtofurgi.'Iescitg0tvRbdtn3ch .udsu por. hrawlpr meCouc Vi .' d.ui8thofconrctwhi S. , Vt s Su io n tn ah qbed h yp s 7 El 3 1 98 a a d ofpunii da a . Spe ii a l n war tve m ges cfc ly, i mu tbe s o ta ( d fn a t wa c n co o h s c nd c a d t s h wn h t t e e d n) s o s ius f i o u t nI he c nsi u , r m h sk o e g o e itn c n iin , h tij r wo l lk l o o co s fo i n wld e f x sig o dto s t a n u y ud iey r l pr bl r ul fo hi co t a t t wih rc e s i fee e t oba y es t r m s nduc, nd ha t e kls ndifrnc q co e ns quenc he co c ousy a i e to ly di s em 'ngf la torom itd es ns i l nd nt n i nal d om o ' c u te. s mek wnd t wh c p o u e t eij iu r s l. o no u y ih r d c d h nuro s e ut I fn C. . y S o t o Am.3 S. 2d3 2 3 7 ( .1 9 )(u tn Th ma v. n w,1 4 n a t v Bo c u s f , 91 E. 2 , 2 Va 9 0 q o ig o s S o 7 S. 8 7 8 9 ( . 9 4 ) E. 3 , 3 Va 1 3 ). Appl ng t s prnc pl ,t c t c l s t t t M ot l i e il d t s yi he e i i es he our oncude ha he e s ntte o umm a y r j m enton M cFarland'srequestforpunitivedam ages. W hileM cFarland'sevidence,cl tnzed udg ons iher favor,m ay supporta claim for ordinary negligence,itwould not supportan l rd of n a wa l pni dmgsy rsnbeuy Smlst,ecosyhMolooreoh uiv aaebaeoaljr. ip te t atnbt t dntl tte te a y ad h i e e i s lvlo maiiu,rc ls,o ergo sbh vo rq i dt sp otacam frpmiv e e f l o s ekes r geiu e air eur o u p r li olt t e c e I i I 8 da a s t r Vigi a lw . Acc di y,t M ot ' s e m ge mde r ni a or ngl he els uppl mentl moton f sl r a i or lmma y I i j d me to ti is ewi b g a td. u g n n hs su l e rn e l C oncl i us on Fr ees ste,eai'rsmtnf s mrjdmnot iuo ot r o st t pre c s ooso u a ugetnh sef h a n adh ts o- i r m y es ( ' la l ywil ed n e , n t d fn a tss p lme tl to f rs mmayj d me t nt e ibit lb e id a d he ee d n ' u p e n a moin o u r u g n o h i iuept ti dnm ageswil begrant TheClerk i directedtosendcopiesoft sm em d!ndlm s s mi ve l ed. s hi r l a o ni a t a ompa ng or rt t pl i ifa a 1c pi on nd he cc nyi de o he antf nd 1 ouns lofr c d. e e or DATED : i S *1 d yo Api, 1 . Ths a f rl20 6 1 ChefUnied St t sDititJ i t a e src udge I ' r 9

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