Innes v. Pension Committee of Barclays Bank, PLC

Filing 42

MEMORANDUM OPINION. Signed by District Judge Glen E. Conrad on 1/10/17. (hnw)

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CL S OFFI U. DI . COURT ERK' CE & ST AT ROANOKE, VA FI ED L I THE UNI N TED STATES DI STRI COURT CT FOR TH E W ESTERN D I STRI OF VI GN A CT R CHA RLOTTESV I LLE D I I ON V SI J 12 2 7 Ad 2 J ULW BY: U CLERK CA RO L FORESTER PVNES, Ci lAc i N o.3:5CV0001 vi ton 1 8 Pl i if antf, M EM O M N DU M O PI I N N O BARCLAYS BANK PLC USA STAFF PEN SI PLAN CO M M I ON TTEE 1 By: on. l n E.Corr d H Ge la Chi fUnied Stt Diti tJ e t aes src udge D e e nt f nda . Ca ol Forese I s fl d t s cvi a ton t r t Empl e Re ie e I m e r r t r nne ie hi i l c i mde he oye tr m nt nco S c dt Ac o 1 7 (ER. A' , U. C. j1 01 1 61 Th c s i p e e tybeo et c u t e u y t f 9 4 t I ' 29 S. j 0 - 4 . e a e s rs n l f r he o r t S ) o t epa t s mo in f rs mmryj g n . Fo t ef l wi ra o s t ec u t l g a t h n h ri ' to s o u e ud me t r h ol ng e s n ,h o r wil r n t e o mo in f rs mmmy j d me tfld b d f n a tBaca sBa k PLC US Sa fPe so Pln to o u u g n ie y e e d n rly n A tf n i n a i or umm y Co te (h I M Ad n sr tr'o i ee d n ', a d d n t e moton f s ar mmite te TI miitao ' r t fn a f) n e y h d j g n fldb t panif ud me t ie y he litf. B ac ound kzr I nnes wa e oyed by Baca Commecil Co o ain (% CC',a s i ay of s mpl rlys r a m rto û ' ) ubsdir Baca s dc n r o ain(%AC' a dBa ca sBa kPLC (Baca s' fo Ap i 1 1 8 r ly Ame a co p rto G ' n rly n ) t rly ', rm rl , 9 1 l ) t M ac 1 1 9 . OnFe nzr 28 1 9 , o rh , 9 4 b ay , 9 4 BCC wa s l t a asl t o TheCI Gr u C& T' . s od o n f i e f a T o p CI ' ) Upon t s l ofBCC t CI Im e be me a e oye ofCI Sher mai d wih C1 untl he ae o T, l s ca n mpl e T. e ne t T i J 28,1 une 994. lThe de e f ndanti i r cty named i t compl nt The dockets lbe amended t r l tis s ncore l n he ai . hal o efec t cor ec nam e. r t Att tme oft s l ,l he i he a e nness r ed a t c e fna i lofi e ofBCC. I c e v s he hi f i nc a fc r n onneci ton wi tes l, h a d oh rsrire e u i s(h G t h ae s e n t e el x c tve te C Ex c t Gr u ' rc ie ap y n h o BCC e ui o p' e ev d a me t ve ) fom as c a poolo f ndsi t agg e t a ' r pe i l f u n he r ga e mountof$3, 000, t i vi s r r ngi 500, wih ndi dual ha es a ng fom $1 000t $685, r 05, o 000. I 's r oft s ca pool(heç Pa f'wa $390, nnes hae he pe il t G pool ymen ) s 000. Th o l p e e ustst e c me e ' r c ito h so h rP o Pa me twee( )s c sf l e n y rr q iie o a h mb rs e ep f i r e o l y n r 1 uc e su c mplto o t s l t CI a d( )c n iu d e o me twihBCC tr u h tetmeo t e o ein f he ae o T, n 2 o tn e mply n t ho g h i f h s l . Thediput i t sc ec nt r o whehe t Poo Pa e ti pe i bl unde t tnns ae s e n hi as e e s n t r he l ym n s nsona e r he e oft a i a epe i pl n. he pplc bl nson a As a m e r o t BCC Exec i Gr mbe f he utve oup, l nnes wa a pm i i nt i t s cpa n wo Ba clys s or r a -pons ed pe i nson Baca s rc n r o ain rly Ameia co p rto pl ns: a (he t t he û G BAC Re t t saed Reie e tr m nt Reie n trme t P1n' a' ) Pl n a f or ad n te h Baca s rc n r o ainReie n Ret rto Pln(h G trme t so ainPln' r r ly Ameia co p rto t me t so ain a te û ie n Ret rto a 'o r Re t a ' 2 Thepe i plns cfc l a is i t sc ei t Reie ntRet ai Pl Tln' ) nson a pe iialy t sue n hi as s he trme sorton an. The Reieme Re t a i Pln wasdesgne t s e e t BAC Retr me Pln tr nt sor ton a i d o upplm nt he ie nt a a t pr vi r tr m e i ome be nd t m a m tm be i lmia ins s tby ERI . Se nd o o de e ie nt nc yo he xi l neft i t to e SA e 3 t es c o lgi lt m a i nd m nt BRCLY000004. W ih r pe tt e i biiy, co putton a pay e ofbe ft ,a ve tng, ne is nd si t Re ie e Re t a i Pl n i op or t t c r pondi pr sonsoft BAC Re ie e he tr m nt sor ton a nc a es he ores ng ovii he tr m nt Pln. The Re ie e tRe t a i Pl n alo i or a e t a i sr tve s he e oft BAC a tr m n sor ton a s nc por t s he dm nita i c m he Re ie e tPln. I pr de t tt Pl n i t be o r t dunde t die to oft Pl n tr m n a t ovi s ha he a s o pe a e r he r c i n he a 2The eplnsha sncemer i ot Bar a Bank PLC USA St fPenson Pl andt Ba clys s a ve i ged nt he clys af i an he r a Bank PLC ReiementResorton Pln,r pectvey. tr t ai a es i l 3Ciai st I tton o I BRCLY'aet t a mi srtv rc r s ppidbyt d fnd n ( ke No.1 - ) ' r o he d nitaie e od u le he ee a t Doc t 2 1. Ad nsrt r r fre t te ena t eReie n Co te )i a c r a ewihtea plc be miitao (e erd o h r i s h trme t mmite n c o d nc t h p ia l a nitai pr sonsoft BAC Re ie e Pl n,a t tt Pln Ad i sr t ' ç c son dmi sr tve ovi i he tr m nt a nd ha he a m nitaors t ii de i a m a tri vi t i e r t ton a a i a i oft sPln s lbe fnala bi ng. n ny te nvol ng he nt p e ai nd pplc ton hi a hal i nd ndi ' ' BRCLY000007. Addto ly,unde j 9. oft BAC Reieme Pln,whih i i r aed iinal r 7 he tr nt a c s ncoport it t e Reie n Re trto Pln te Pln Ad nsrt r (e erd t t een a t e no h tr me t soain a , h a miitao rf re o h r i s h Pe in Th it mmite i g a td lh e cusverg t p we a dsr to t itr rta y nso / rf Co te ) s ' n e l e x l i ih , o r nd ic ein o n ep e n r t a a 1pr sons oft Pl n a t de e ne e i biiy f be ft unde t Pl n,a t nd 1 ovii he a nd o t nni lgi lt or neis r he a nd o d tnn n a1 u sinso f c t t yaiet ee n e l ' BRCLY0 0 9 ee i e 1 q e to f a tha ma rs h r u d r.' l 0 0 3. The pr sons g r ng t a o mt of be is pa bl t pa tcpa s t r t ovii ove ni he m t neft ya e o rii nt mde he Re ie e t Re t r ton Pln i or a e by r f r nc pr vii r lt t t c l ulton of tr m n so ai a nc por t e e e e o sons e aed o he a c a i pe i be ft unde t BAC Reie nson ne is r he tr mentPln. Se BRCLY000005- I t n,t be ft a e 6. n ur he ne is pa bl t ya e mdert BAC Re ie e Pln a e c l a e wih r f r nc t t tpl n' de i ton of he tr m nt a r acult d t e e e e o ha a s fnii tcompe ai ' Tha defnii wa a nde i 199 t yea sprort t s l ofBCC t ç ns ton. ' t i ton s me d n 2, wo r i o he ae o CI The a ndm e pr de i pe tne pa t a f l w s T. me nt ovi d, n ri nt r, s olo : Compe a i mea , oranyEmpl ye ,t bas pa s lr orwa pa dt hi ns ton ns f o e he e y, aa y ges i o m byt Empl r pl ove tme,c he oye , us ri omm isons bo e pa dt ough t e oft s i , nus s i hr he nd he c l nda ye ri whih hi Acc ue Be t i de em i M a a e r a n c s r d nek s t r ned, nage ntI ntve me nce i Pa me t (x e ts c pa me t ma ed rng 1 8 ) icu ig s lr r d cin y n s e c p u h y n s d u i 9 3 , n ldn aay e u to n u t ma ep ru n t Se to 401k) Se to 1 a d S cin 1 9, u s al mo n s d u s a t o cin ( , cin 25 n e to 2 b t h l not i l nc ude s ve a e r nce pa sa pa or r t nton i e i , diecor f es y, t y- y e e i nc ntves r t s e , ma eme i ntve pa e s whi h we e de e r d purua t a de e r d nag nt nce i ym nt c r fre s nt o fre c ompe a i e e ton by t Empl e or a n ount c rbu ed t t ns ton l c i he oye , ny m s onti t o he Empl ye pui ua t t s Pln or a ot r be ft pl n or pr n o t o e s nt o hi a ny he ne i a ogr m f he Empl r(xc ptveasheei a oye e e i r n bovesi ae . tpultd) BRCLY000 245. I J y of 1 n ul 994,t BAC Retr me Pl n wa f rhe ame d t m a cea he ie nt a s u t r nde o ke l r t tt PoolPa nt we eno pe i bl Se BRCLY000024 (û f tve a ofJ y 26, ha he yme s r t nsona e. e E eci s ul Ef 1 994, n mtr evedby aPa tcpa a s cilpa sa pa ors ve a epa i l ng, no mot ec i ri i nt s pe a y, t y y e r nc y, ncudi but no lmie t a a t i t d o, ny mountpad fo a pooloff i r m ny unds c e t d i co c i wih t s l of r a e n nne ton t he a e Ba ca Commeca Cor ai s lbei l i t de to ofAnn lCompensto ' r lys ril porton, hal ncuded n he fniin ua ain. ). I Ma o 1 n y f 994,J l Ama o,Bar l 'pe i n a i sr or s n Im e and o he f om t cays nso dm nitat , e t l s t r onne r BCC e c i l te s r ga di t i de e r ve td pe i be ks unde t Resaed xe utves e tr e r ng her f red se nson net r he tt Re ie e Pln a t Re ie e Resor to Pln, l ngwih sa e e sco ai ngt be i tr m nt a nd he tr m nt t ai n a a o t tt m nt nt ni he neft c lultonsf e h pln. The a ac ai or ac a mountofç ot c G al ompens ton' on whih t Resor ton Pln t ai ' c he t a i a be ft we e c c aed i ude t Pool Pa m e s r c i d by t e utve . ne is r alul t ncl d he y nt e e ve he xec i s BRCLY0001 84. l nnes was a s d t t s woul r ceve a mont y be ft of $158 8 dvie ha he d e i hl ne i , 5.4 pa e fo t Re t a i Pln,i a ton t a $ 80 58 mont y be i t rt Resaed yabl r m he sor ton a n ddii o 2, 4. hl neft mde he tt Re ie e Pl n. tr m nt a Afe i wasd s ove ed t tt PoolPa e sha be n i ude i t pe i be ft tr t i c r ha he ym nt d e ncl d n he nson ne i cac ai ns t BCC e c i swe es ntû e s 'e tr co r ci t er r I 'G e s d' lul to ,he xe utve r e t vied'l te s r e tng he r o . nnes i vie ' r r lte ,da e Augus 8,1 4,o it t mont y be k unde t Reso ai Pln,a i t ad e tr t d t 99 m ted he hl net r he t r ton a nd nse i iae ta Rth c re t leo geqRe tr to Plnb nei i t n un o $1 . wil ndc td h t ll e u rn vau f h r so ain a e ft n he mo t f 0120 l bepai i t f ofat all d n he onn ot ump s diti i c h- ' BRCLY0001 1 um srbuton as out' 85- 86. l 1 n 996,t n m e e mber oft BCC Exe utve Gr fl d s ti t Unie Stt Ditit s he c i oup ie ui n he t d a es src Cour f t W e t m DititofNolh Ca olna,c le ng t dee m i ton t tt i Pool t or he se src ' t r i ha lngi he t r na i ha he r Pa e s w e e not pe i na e. ym nt r ns o bl Se Bovd v. Res a e R e i e e e ttd tr m nt Pl n f a or Baca s wrc n r o ain No 3:6 CV- 3 ( . N. 1 9 ) (h û y c s ' r lv An ia co p rto , . 9 - 00 41 W D. C. 9 6 te û d a e). Bo A lhough l t nnesw a nota pa t t t l w s t s w asde e dudng t c ls oft ltga i n s ry o he a ui, he pos d he otr e he ii t o i J of1 n une 997. Durng he de ii I st s ii t ts wa a ke t be apl i ifi t i r poston, nne e tfed ha he s s d o antf n he lw s tbutma t tfna a decson'nott dos BRCLY000 a ui de he ti ncil ii ' o o. 200. I nnese ai d t ts xpl ne ha he 4 wasyo mge t n m a oft ot rBCC e c i s a t tGhepr e vaue ofany a tona t r ha ny he he xe utve , nd ha û t es nt l ddii l b neist g r dd t ra tteiv sme to t elg l e sfrt es i ' JJ e ft o he) in'warn h n e t n f h e a f e o h ut' -. l a On Augu t30, 3,t Ba clysPe i Se vceCe e s ntI s 201 he r a nson r i nt r e nnesal te r r ng he e tr ega di r pe i n be t optons aong wih t f nso nek i , l t he onnst ts woul ne t co plt t be n r cevi ha he d ed o m e e o gi e i ng pa e se f tveDe mbe 1 201 4 Thelteri c t d t ts w a e il d t a $ ,804. ym nt feci ce r , 3. e t ndi a e ha he s ntte o 2 58 m o hl be i t de t pr vi i of t Ba c a Ba PLC U . A .St f Pens on Pl n. I nt y neft m r he o s ons he r l ys nk S. af i a t m a no m e ton ofa mont ybe ftunde t Re ie e Re t ai Pln. de ni ny hl ne i r he tr m nt sor ton a On Se e r20,201 I ,tuough c pt mbe 3, nnes l ouns l c t c e t Ba caysPe i Se v c e , on a t d he r l nson r i e Ce e by lte a r que t co esoft BAC Re ie e Pl n a t Reie ntResor to nt r e tr nd e sed pi he tr m nt a nd he tr me t ain Pln. I s as r que t a e a ton ofhe pe i be ft ,i udi a be a nne lo e sed n xplna i r nson ne is ncl ng ny neft t r s mde t Re ie e Re t a i Pl n. Afe I he tr m nt sor ton a tr nnesf ie t r c vear pons t t lte , ra t ne a ld o e ei es e o he e tr he tor y s nta s co lte t t Ba ca Pe i n Se vi Ce e i Ocobe of201 r ie a i t e e nd e tr o he r lys nso r ce nt r n t r 3, et r tng he r quessm a i t ea le lte . e t de n he rir e tr On N o mbe 22,201 I ve r 3, nnes s itd he a ia i f r r tr m e be ft . l ubm te r pplc ton o eie nt ne is nnes i iae ta s ewa t x r sl r sr gn ja1lg l n e utberg t t qam h re t lme t ndc td h t h s t p e sy e e v ig 1 e a a d q ia l ih s o li e ni e n e t t t a tona be k due he unde t Re ie e Re t a i Pl ' Pl' Suppl t o he ddii l net r r he tr m nt sor ton an.' .s . o Ad i sr tveR. Doc tNo.1 a 1 m nitai , ke 6 t 8. ) On M a c 5,201 I rh 4, nnes fld s t unde ERI a l i i é a i,t tt name ie ui r SA, legng, nt r la ha he d de e nt i opery f ie t pa be ft d undert Reie f nda s mpr l al d o y ne is ue he tr mentRe t a i Pl . Se sor ton m& e I v. r l Bn PEC USA Stf Pe i Pln,No.3:4CV00008( . Va.201 . The mws Ba cays nk af nson a 1 W D. 4) de e an s s eque l move t dim is t t c am t r Fe r lRul of Ci l Pr e ze f nd t ubs nty d o s s ha l i mde de a e vi oc dtr 4T e Baca s P n in S rie Ce tr i a tid p ry ta g roms cr i miitr la d h rly e so evc ne s hr at h t efr et n nsei n a a admi sr tveft tonson be l oft Bar a Ba PLC USA Stf Penson Pln Com mite. nitai mci haf he clys nk af l a te 1 ( () b s d i p r u o t p an i sfiu et e h u the a miitai rme is On 2b)6 , a e n a t p n he litY alr o x a s r d n srtve e d e . De mbe 1 201 t c tgr nt d t de e ce r , 4, he our a e he f ndant m oto az dimis d t ca e wihout s' i n, ld s s e he s t prj d c t alw tepanifteo p ru iyt s tsyt e h u to rq ie n . S eGa l eu ie o lo h litf h p o tnt o aif he x a sin e ur me t e v e v UntdPac lS 1 .I .40 F.d 2 2 2 6 (t Ci. 0 5 (A. ERI A wefr b nei pa . i e re e' .nc, 1 3 2 , 2 4h r 2 0 ) G 1 S v :1 la e e ft ln pa tcpa mus bot purue a e us pln r m e e be or gani a e s t t f r l ri i nt t h s nd xha t a e di s f e i ng cc s o he ede a c t-' ours' l Pror t t e r of t c ts m e a um opi on a o de ,l i o he nty he our' mor nd ni nd r r nnes s itd an ubm te a i a i f rbe tt unde t Re ie e Res o a i Pl n. By l te da e J nua y 26, 5, pplc ton o nei s r he tr m nt t r ton a e tr td a r 201 t Pl n Ad i sr t dele I 'c am f r be t . I s doi t Pln Ad i sr t r he a m nita or ri d nnes l i o neks n o ng, he a m nita o e a ne i pe tne pa tasf l : xpli d, n ri nt r, olows On ora boutFe u r 28,1 br a y 994,you r ce v a s cilpay e i t nmountof e i ed pe a m nt n he $390, 000. Thi s cilpa m e wa e e sy paya e onl upon t s c sul s pe a y nt s xpr s l bl y he uc es f c omplton oft s l ofyourempl yer Ba clys Comm e c a Co po ai n a ei he a e o , r a r i l r r to nd wa ofe e t r t n you a a ke exe utve t i t cl i oft s e. Thi s f r d o eai s y c i mtl he osng he al s s c a pa ntalowa i e pe i l yme s s ntndedt i ntyo t c rbut f l t t s c s u o nce u o onti e uly o he uc es f l cl i oft s eofyoure oye . osng he al mpl r The Pl n' defnii ofpe i bl c a s i ton nsona e ompe a i i co ane i Se ton 13 of ns ton s nt i d n c i . t Resaed Reie e tPl n oft Ba cays he tt tr m n a he r l Amerc ianco po ai n,Am e d a r r to nde nd r sae J n a y 1 1 8 (heût trme tP1n'. S cin 13o t Reie n e ttd a u r , 9 9 t le ie n a ' e to . f he trme t l ) Pln s i a l excude fo t defnii of pe i bl co pe a i a peclc ly l s r m he i ton nsona e m ns ton ûs ve a e pa s a pa or r t nton i e i . St y pa a r e i te r nc y, t y- y e e i nc ntves' ' a y nd et nton i e i sa e us by Ba ca i c nc ntve r ed r lys n onne ton wih di sitr sasa me nim t ci t ve ttle cha s o r t i ke m e e an y mber of a e c i t a durng a s e pe i a t a s n xe utve e m i al rod nd he bove de i to of penso bl c fnii n i na e ompe ai r te t Ba c a pr c i of e l ng ns ton el c s r l ys a tce xcudi t ypesofco ns tont ta eno ge r ly a ia et a1 e oyee . mpe ai ha r t ne al va lbl o 1 mpl s Yo r ceved a lte i M ay of 1 u e i e tr n 994 fo M T.Amat o Ba c a t twa a rm o f r l ys ha s n e tmaeofm urPlnbe s(o e l ed) Duet ace iale ,Mr Amao si t a neft c py ncos . o lrc nor . t i orec l i l nc r ty ncuded yo s i pa nta pe i bl c ur pecal yme s nsona e ompe a i f 1 ns ton or 994 on t s co pa oft tl te . U pon di co r oft cl r c le r ,M ..Am a o he e nd ge ha e t r s ve y he e i a r or r t s ntyo a r vie esi t o Aug t8,1 t tdi noti l y s c a e u e s d tma e n us 994 ha d ncude our pe i l p y n a p nso a ec mp nsto ( o e co e ) a me t s e in bl o e ain c py n l s d . M r Am ao' s c e tm ae ofyolrPln be ft i c r tbec us yotrs i . t s e ond si t z a ne is s orec a e l pecal pa e twa a r t n i i e i or sa pa a t Pl n s cfc l e l ym n s e e ton nc ntve ty- y nd he a pe ii aly xcudes bot t h ypesofpay e sfom t defrii ofpe i m nt r he ilton nsonabl c e ompe a i ns ton. BRCLY 0001 . 81 I sa nne ppeaedt de alofhe cli f be t unde t Reie ntReso ai n Pl n. l he ni r a m or neks r he tr me t r to a I s n uppo tof he a al I s a gue t t t PoolPa nt t t s r c ve o or a ut r r ppe , nne r d ha he yme ha he e ei d n bo Fe a y 28,1 wasape f m a ebo r t rt n ar tnton bonus andt tt de i i t bnz r 994 ror nc nus a he ha ee i , ha he c son o e l t bonusfom pe i c l ultonswa bas u a a e xcude he r nson a c a i s ed pon n m ndme t t Pln t twas nt o he a ha noti efe tatt tm et bonuswaspai n f c he i he d. Imes a a was de e by l te daed Aprl 2, 201 r ' ppe l nid e tr t i 5. I t t lte , t Pl n ha e tr he an Adm i sr t fr ta es e I s a gz e r r ng t a i a e de i ton ofpe i bl nita or is ddr s d nne ' r lm nt ega di he pplc bl fnii nsona e c m pe a i o ns ton. The Pln Admi sr t r ex ai d t t sa pa a r t nto i e i we e a nita o pl ne ha t y y nd e e i n nc ntves r e l xcuded fom t de i ton ofE ompe ai ' s ntt a a r he fnii ç c ns ton'purua o n mendme ado ed on Jme 1 nt pt t 9, 1 2, o be or I 99 l ng f e nnesr evedhe PoolPa e , ndt tt pur eoft a e e wa t ec i r ym nt a ha he pos he m ndm nt s o m e o i lz Bar l ys co pe a i pr tc swih r pec t e o e c ii lt t s e ofis m rai e c a ' m ns ton aci e t es t o mpl ye s rtca o he al t no o e b sn se . BRCLY0 0 4 . Th P a Ad nitao t e rj ce Ime 'a g me t nc r u ie s s 022 e ln mi srtr h n ee td r s r u n t tt PoolPa e wasa pe f ha he ym nt ronna e bonusr t rt n a r t nton i ntve e ani a nc ahe ha ee i nce i , xpl i ng s f l s olow : Ba ca r tnel ofe e sa pa o r tnton i e i t ke e oye durng r lys ou i y f r d ty y r ee i nc ntves o y mpl es i a s epe i t twe epai i t e oyeer m aned a a tve e oye untlt al rod ha r d f he mpl e i n c i mpl e i he cl i da e a t ta a ton s c s uly c os d. Thes pa e swe em a osng t nd he r ns c i uc es f l l e e ym nt r de t i eke e oye t sa wih t busnes t i c osngt e ur as o nduc y mpl es o t y t he i s mtl l i o ns e moot h cl i i whi h Bar l ys c d dei r t busnes t t pur has r i s osng n c c a oul lve he i s o he c e n ound lnancala ope a i na co ton. i nd r to l ndii I ad to t c r t rz to ofyotrPa ntasa pe f m a e bonus i not n dii n, he ha ace ia i n z yme ror nc s s uppore by va i dic sonsa ong BCC' t n Pr i nt M r Boyd,and t td rous s us i m S he esde , . he s ni m a ge e of Ba clys N o t Ame ia. M r Boyd r s d a tii n e or na m nt r a rh rc . aie trto c once ns pror t t s e a r que t t t s i pa e s be ma t hi r i o he al nd e sed ha pecal ym nt de o s e c i t m on t da ofc os ng c tona onl on t i e pl e on t t xe utve ea he y l i ondii l y he r m oym nt ha 7 da e. l a m e a um t s ni m a t n mor nd o e or nage nt o Ba clysNorh Ame ia,he me f r a t rc sa e tt d: Onc t wo d i i t m a keplce i i goi t t ke e r hi e he r s n he r t a , t s ng o a ve yt ng t sma ge hi na mentt n ha t hol t Co pa t t r M a ke e m s o d he m ny ogehe . r t c t o a e s h t tot rc pa e w ilof e pa kage t tf r ondii ns r uc ha he om ni s l f r c s ha a e e d t e pr s nty on t t bl fom Ba ca i t r s of xc e hos e e l he a e r r lys n e m mno sa c ra n y ofpa e .... unt nd e ti t ym nt Eac ofm y s ni peo ea e i dif r st to , r onal a h e or pl r n fe ent iuai ns pe s ly, nd wha Ibei ve i i t Ba s i e e ti t tea t m s t le s n he nk' nt r s s o r t he omewha t ge r l wih c e ra e m e sgi ngrs t pa ut c tonal ne ousy, t l a gr e nt vi ie o m s ondii onl o e pl e to t da ofcosng. I t Bn wil t t y n m oym n n he y l i f he nk l do ha , i my o ni t s ni rma ge ntt n wildo e r hi t t n pi on, he e o na me e m l ve yt ng ha i huma ypos i et s vet Bal si e e t s nl sbl o er he rk' ntr s. Pa t c tonal onl on e o e o t da o cosng a e pr ry you s ondii y mpl ym nt n he y f l i r ope l c r t r z a s a pa orr t nton i e i s no pe f m a e bo es ha ac e i ed s t y y e e i nc ntve , t r or nc nus . BRCLY 000243. Ime fld t i t n a ton o Aprl22, 5. I he c r s ie he nsa t c i n i 201 n r ompl i ,I ant nnesa s rsacai f s e t l m or b n ft t e j 5 2 a( )b o ERI A,2 U. C.j 1 3 a ( )B) a d a cam f rsauo y e eis md r 0 ()1( ) f S 9 S. 1 2()1( , n li o ttt r d ma e t e j 5 2 c( )B) 2 U. C.j 1 3 ()1 ( . Ime as s e st r c v r i t e a g s md r 0 ()1( , 9 S. 1 2 c ()B) r s lo e k o e o e , n h e ntt ts pr val on eihe cli G he a opdae e tbl r le ...i l ng butnot ve ha he e is t r a m, ç r ppr ot t quia e e if ncudi l td t p eu g n itr s o p s d pa b n ftp a d ûe s n be atme sfe a d i e o rj d me t n ee t n a t ue ln e e i ' n û ao a l to y' e s n mi s' r c ss' Co l! 414 , c e No 1 o t. mp . ! - 3 Do k t . . ' I a c r a c wiht ec u tsshe ui o d r tepate mo e f rs mma yj d me t n c o d n e t h o r' c d l r e,h ris v d o u r u g n ng o t p an ifscam f rb n ft. S e6 1 / 5S h d igOr e !5 Do k t . ( 1p ris n he litf' li o e eis e / 0 1 c e ul n d r , c e No 7 ç 1 a t W e ae d e d t h ve mo e fr s mmay j g n i t er r s e tv fv r b sd u o t e r e me o a v d o u r ud me t n h i e p cie a o a e p n h a miitai rc r -) Th p ris t e mo e f rsl r j d me to t cam f r d n srt e o dn. e a t h n v d o l ve e mmay u g n n he li o sa u o y da a s Them otonsha bee f ly bde ed a a g t t t r m ge . i ve n u l f nd r ued,a t m a tri now rpe nd he te s i f rr viw. o e e D i c s on s us i 1 . C l m f be ft ai or ne is I nness e r viw oft de a ofhe cli f be ft unde t Reie e Resor to e ks e e he nil r a m or ne is r he tr m nt t ai n Pln pls n t j5 2 a ()B)o ERI A. Th ts cin a t rz sapa p rii n t b iga a , t ua t o 0 () 1( f S r a e to uho ie ln a t pa t o rn c G iia to . .orc v r e ft d t (e)u d r h tnnso (eq a t e f re(e)rg t û v l cin . t e o e b neis ue o h r n e t e e f h r pln,o n o c h r ih s c t e t tnnso t epa o t caiy (ejrg t t f t r b n ft u d rt etr o t pln. md r he e f h ln, r o lrf h r ih s o uu e e eis n e h ems f he a ' ' 29U. C. 1 3 a( )B) S. j 1 2()1( . A. St andard ofR e e vi w W he e a he e a e oyeebe ftpl npr vi safduc a y wih dic ei na y a hort r , s r , n mpl ne i a o de i r t s r to r ut iy t de e mi whet ra cai ti e il d t be ft o t o he wie c tue t t r soft o t r ne he l man s ntte o ne is r o t r s onsr he e m he pln,a dititco tr vi wst fduc a y' de ii n f a e ofdic ei n. Se Fiesone Tie a src ur e e he i i r s c so or bus s r to e r t r a d Ru be Co. Br c ,48 U..1 ,1 0 1 ( 9 9 . G u ,i C S a to swheet e n b r v. u h 9 S 01 1 - 1 1 8 ) Th s n ERI A cin r h panif sc aln i gt d na o b n ft, u r u g n i meeyt ec n ut ob igt e litf i h le g n he e il f e eis s mmayj d me t s rl h o d it rn h lg lq e to b fr t ed sdc c u ta dt eu u ltsso sl r j g n d n ta pl ' e a u sin eo e h it t o r n h s a et f l mma y ud me t o o p y.' ' Avesv.Kya t M i ncCo p.No.3:4- 00011 201 U. DitLEXI 92731 a *9 ( . r nie ni r, 1 CV, 5 S. s. S , t W D. Va J y 1 ,2 5 ( u tngKet v. d. .Co . . ul 6 01 ) q oi i Fe Exp p LTD Pln No 70 CV0 3 9 2 0 U. h a , . :9 0 8 , 01 S. Dit LEXI 3 48 , t* 0n. ( . Va Apr 1 ,2 0 I se d t c t'pef nnsar c r s. S 7 0 a 1 4 W D. . . 5 01 :. n ta ,he out ro eod r vi w t dee newhehe t pln admi sr t a edisdic e i i denyi t pli ifs e e o tnni t r he a nitaor bus t s r ton n ng he a ntf ' c am f rbe ft . I l i o ne is d. Unde t a e of d s e i s a r t c r G ilno dit r a pl n adm i s r t ' r he bus i cr ton t nda d, he ou t û l t s u b w a nit a or s de iini t decsoni r a o bl,e ni ghec twoul ha c t aconrr c uson cso fhe ii s e s na e ve f t ourl d ve ome o tay oncl i i pe nty. W iln v. er LieI Co.609F. 622,629( hCi. 0) A de son nde nde l ' lims M to. f ns. , ' 3d 4t r201 . cii i r s bl i i i t r s tofa G lbe ae,prncpld r as ng pr s ' a çs s ea ona e f t s he e ul û i r t i i e e oni de oce s' nd çuppore by td s t i e de ' l Subsan i le de ei t tt c ar as ngm i w o d a ce a ubsantal vi nce. d. ' t ta vi nc s ha l h e oni whi nd ul c pt s s fce t s por apa tc a concuso ' Dupe r v. f I .Co.ofN. . 632 F. 860, ufi int o up t ri ulr l i n. ' ry Lie ns Am , 3d 8 9 ( t Ci.2 1. l c n it o t r ta a s itla ( f e d n e b t ls t n a 6 4h r 01 ) t o sss f G e h n cn il o vie c ) u e s ha mo P e o d r n e' Do nel M er LieI s Co,1 5F. p' 2 8 2 5 ( t Ci. 0 6 (iig rp n ea c . n l v. to f n . . 6 Ap x 8 , 9 4h r 1 0 ) ctn ' Le b ev. etng o s Elc Co .7 7F.d 1 7 20 (t Ci.1 8 :. Fe r W si h u e e . nj, 4 2 9 , 8 4 h r 9 4 TheUniesStt Cour ofAppe sf t Fo tt Cic tha i ntfe eghtnone l i t aes t al or he trh r ui s de ii d i xcusve f c o st ta c t ay c i ri r vi wi apln admi sr t ' de son f r a ona e s a t r ha our m onsde n e e ng a nitaors cii or e s bl nes . See800t v. a- a'St es l . s s He t & W efr Pln, F. 335,342- ( hCi. h W lM l or .nc Asoc . alh t lae a 201 3d 43 4t r 2 0 ) Th ef co sicu e 0 0 . os a tr n ld : () h lng g o tep a ;2 tep po e a g aso tep a ; 3 tea q a y 1 t e a ua e f h ln () h u s s nd o l fh ln () h de u c o t m a e il co i r d t make t de ii n a t de ee t wli h t f he tra s nsde e o he cs o nd he gr o zc hey s uppor i;( whet r t fd ir s i eprtto wa c itntwih ot r t t 4) he he iuca y' ntr eain s onsse t he po iinsi tepa a dwi e riritqrtto so tepa ;()wh t rte rvso n h ln n t al ne eain f h ln 5 ehe h h e d cso ma igp o e swa ra o da dp lcpld; 6 wheh rt d cso wa e iin kn r c s s e s ne n rn i e ( ) te he e iin s c nsse twi t p o e u a a d s b tn ie r q ie n so ERI A;()a y o itn t he r c d rl n u sa tv e urme t f S 7 n h e tr a sa ad rlv n t t e e ecs o ds rto ;a ( )t fd ir ' x en l tnd r ee a t o h x r ie f icei n nd 8 he iuca ys m o i sand a c lc ofi e e ti m a ha . tve ny onfit ntr s t y ve J. So c t ha a idt efcor i apice lfs on,s e W a s v.M e a Gen. . I L me ours ve pple hes a t s n e mea a hi e son di . l . 4 6 F.S p 2 5 9 5 - 0 ( D. .2 0 )( oi i whih pat sfv re c fco nc, 4 u p. d 7 , 916 2 E. Va 0 6 n tng n c ry' a o a h a t r weghe ,whie ot r ha e mi d t fco sholsial t dee mi whehe t pl i d) l hes ve xn ne he a tr itc ly o tr ne t r he an a nitaors decson was t r s t of a r a one a pdncpl d pr s s dmi sr t ' ii he e ul e s d nd i e oce s uppo td by re s b tn il vd nc . Se Du e r v LieI . o N. , 3 F.d8 0 8 9( t Ci. 01 ) u sa ta e ie e e p ry . f ns Co. f Am.6 2 3 6 , 6 4h r 2 1. G he adititc t e e apl nadmi sr t r sdec so unde t a eofdicr ton t n src our r viws a W nita o ' ii n r he bus s ei sa r ç a s s e o t r a ona e s of t a i s r t ' de i i n m us be ba e on t nda d, an s es m nt f he e s bl ne s he dm ni t a or s c s o t sd t fcsknownt i att tme.' Elit v.Sa aLe Co p. 1 F. 601 6 ( h Ci.1 he a t o t he i '' lo t r e r , 90 3d , 08 4t r 999) (uoig S e p r & Eno h Prt Ho p. I .v. a eesl s Co,3 F.d 1 ,1 5 ( t Ci. q tn h p a d c at s . nc Trv lr n . . 2 3 20 2 4h r 10 1 9 ). Ac o dn l ,t e c u ti g neal lmie t te a mi srtv rc r a d ohe 9 4) c r ig y h o r s e r l i td o h d nitai e e o d n t r y e de elnown t t pl a i sr orwhe i r nde e t de son unde r vi vi nc c o he an dm nitat n t e r d he cii r e ew. Het v. lon AT&T Ic, 0 F.d 3 , 5 - 3( t Ci. 3 ; e as Br ds v Fe . p e sCo .3 4 F. n .7 9 3 43 3 2 5 4h r 201 ) s e lo o ih . d Ex r s p , 8 S p 2 8 7 8 3( M d. 0 5 (Ge eal,h Fo rhCic t ei e t ea mi itaier c r u p. d 2 , 3 D. 2 0 ) G n r l te u t ruid fn s h d nsrtv e o d t y a t ef t known t t a nita o a t tmet a nitaormadet be ft e i biiy s hos acs o he dmi sr t r t he i he dmi sr t he ne s lgi lt dee nai ' Thebur nofpr nga a eofdic ein rsswiht pli if At tr tnni ton. ). de ovi n bus sr to et t he antf. wae v. t Newoks I ,388F. Norel t r .nc. Supp. 610, 7( . N. 2005)(ii Saa v.Cont Cor , 2d 61 M D. C. ctng h el p. 7 0F. u p 31 , 5( M d 1 91 , f' , 7 F.d 1 5 ( t Ci.1 9 :. 8 S p . 1 31 D. . 9 ) afd 9 8 2 2 6 4h r 9 2 B. A nal i vs s Upon r viwi t r c d i t s c s , t co t i of t o ni n t t t Pl e e ng he e or n hi a e he ur s he pi o ha he an Admi sr t rdi a eisdic e i i de ng I 'r s f be sunde t Re ie e nita o d bus t s r ton n nyi nnes eque t or neft r he tr m nt Re t rto Pln. Beo e ds u sn te me i o he cam f rr l fun e j 5 2 a( )B)o so ain a f r ic si g h rt f r li o ei d r 0 ()1 ( f s e ERI t c twiltr ta r s whe he t c am wa tld wihi t a i a e sa ut of SA, he our l i s dd e s t r he l i s se t n he pplc bl t t e lmia i . Fort r a onse ai d bel t co tc ude t ti wasnottm ey fld. i t tons he e s xpl ne ow, he ur oncl s ha t i l ie St ut ofLi i atons at e m t i ERI lke m a f de a l ws doe no c ai a saut of lm iai a ia e t SA, i ny e r l a , s t ont n t t e i t tons pplc bl o camsf rb n ft t e j5 2 a( )B) W ht v. u LieAsu > c Co o Ca a a 4 8F.d li o e eis md r 0 ()1( . ie S n f s r e . f n d , 8 3 2 , 4 (t Ci. 0 7 . Ac o dn l, o rsç ro tesae1w lmiain p ro a p ia l 40 2 5 4h r 2 0 ) c r i gy c u t G r w h tt a i tto s e id p lc be bo t camsmos eosl c r pondi t t f rlc us ofa ton.' J Unde NorhCa olna o li t l ey ores ng o he edea a e ci ' . Z r t ri l , c ot r s gove nst Retr m e Res or to Pl t tz e - rs a ut oflm ia i aw whi h he wi e r he i e nt t a i n an, he lr e yea t t e i t tons a ia e t c r taci i t ( opera j ., Si e on v.Te p.Di a lt Beneis pplc bl o ontac tons s he . & pr na ogy , nclt 5 m s biiv tt 5TheRe ieme Resor ton Pl pr dest ti ç lbec tue and enf ce i ac dancewih tr nt t ai an ovi ha t t shal onsr d or d n cor t t lwsoft Stt ofNorh Car i ' BRCLY000008. he a he ae t olna.' 11 Plnf rSaaidEmplyee ofCha onI ' Cor #505,183F.App' 293,295n. ( h Ci. a o lre o s mpi ntl p. x 2 4t r 20) 0 6. Alhoug t sa u eoflm ia i nsi bol wed fo sa el w,f de a l w de e mi st t h he t t t i tto s w rm tt a e r l a t r ne he dae on whih t saut oflmiai be nst r n. W hie 488 F. a 245. I mos ERI t c he t t e i t tons gi o u t, 3d t n t SA c s s t el tto sp ro b gn t nm wh napanif ytrts e udca rv e a trs e a e ,h i ai n é id e is o mi e li tf ma ls e kj iil e iw, fe h ha e use al a nita i r m e e a ia e t r t a iabl pln. l a 246. s xha t d l dmi sr tve e di s va lbl mde he pplc e a d. t W he e, r howe r apl ntf doe notmakeatm ey cli f be f ,a lt c t,i l ng ve , ai if s i l am or ne ks ppelae ours ncudi t Fo t Cic t ha r cognied l n alem ai a oa h,'mde whih t lmia i pe i he urh r ui, ve e z û t tve ppr c 't r c he i t tons rod a be nst r n a Ghe tme a whi h s gi o u t t i t c ome e tot rt n a de alofac am s d ha a e td t ven he ha ni l i houl ve l re ( p an if t (e)e t lme t oteb n ft (h lddno r c ie' Cotrv. Co f rn eo t litf lo h r n ie n t h e e is s e i t e ev . te E. n ee c f he t ' Te mse sRe. a 8 F.d4 4 42 (t Ci. 9 0 . E d r h sa p o c t f r l e il s n tr tPln, 98 2 2 , 9 4h r 1 9 ) t e t i p r a h,a o ma d n a i un notr quie i t r ha ale bee ar puditon oft be f byt fduc a ywhi hw a c e r e r d f he e s r ady n e a i he ne hs he i i r c s la a ma ek o t tebe eiir ' Bo d v M aro tItl l c,6 7F.Ap x 7 , 3 ( t nd d n wn o h n fcay.' n . rit n '. n . 3 ' p' 26 7 2 4h Ci. 01 )(uoig M ie v. ri Be ft I s Co.4 5F.d 51 , 2 - ( dCi. 0 ); e r 2 6 q tn l r Fo t neis n . , 7 3 6 5 0 21 3 r 20 7) s e l s as Cae v.n ' Bh . fElc W okesLo a 3 3Pe inPln, F.d4 48( Ci. 9 9 lo ry I tl d o e . r r c l 6 nso a 201 3 4, 2d r 1 9 ) (t e. . olw t eS ve t , g t a dNit Cic t i h ligt a a ERI A cam a c e 1 W . f lo h e nh Eihh, n nh rui n odn h t n S li c nzs s uponac e rr pudito byt pl nt ti known,o s ul beknown,ot pli tf - r r e s l a e ai n he a ha s r ho d t he a n if - ega dl s o wh t rt p an ifha fld a f r la piain fr b n ft. M o i o v.Ma s & f ehe he litf s ie o ma p lc to o e eis' l; n s n rh M c r nCos, 9F.d2 5 3 2 (t Ci. 0 )( er l g v r i gwh nac u eo a to Lema .43 3 9 , 0 6h r 2 06 ç ue o en n e a s f ein Th a c e i t l l a r pudi i n'nze. Thi r l pr dest twhen a fduc a y g ve a c a m a c nz s s he c e r e ato l s u e ovi ha i i r i s l i nt c e r a unequi al r puditon of be ks t al i a l a nd voc e a i net hat one s dequa e t co menc a c ua , t o m e cr l rg r ls o wh t rter p daini fr lo no.) e a de s f ehe h e u ito s o ma r t' . ' 12 Ast eFo rhCic ir c n l e p ane ,ûl lla r p dain' ues r e teg l o h u t r ut e e ty x li d Gthe ce r e u ito r l ev s h oas f l same o lmiai n , o tr moej tc byp e e tn s prs str ug t erv v lo cams tt s f i tto s t p o t usie r v n ig u ie h o h h e i a f li t t ha bee alowe t slmbe t i e de e has be n l t m e o i ha f ded,a ha ve n l d o ll r mtl vi nc e os, m res ve a nd wine s sha dia a e 'Or ofR. Teegr phe s v.Ral v Expr s Age t s e ve s ppe r d, der R. l a r iwa es ncy.I . 321 nc, U.. 4 , 4849( 9 4 , n t e c u a eta i rs lto so d s u e , Cae , 01F.da 4 5 S 3 2 3 - 1 4 ) a d o n o rg r pd e ou in f ip ts' ry 2 3 t 7. ' Bond,637 F.App' a 732. ç hes goas E r s r ed whe t a r a dae a hor t x t T e l ae e v n he cc u l t nc s he lmiai pei t apli i sr a ona edic r ofa tona eha m.' I ( tngM ilr i ttons rod o antY e s bl s ove y ci bl r '' d. quoi le, 47 F.da 5 2 . 5 3 t2) Appl ng t cea r puditon conc pthe e t co tc l yi he l r e a i e r , he ur oncudes t t I 'c am f r ha nnes l i o be ft i t i y. I s wa puton notc t the PoolPa ntwoul notbe tea e as neis s mtmel nne s i e ha r yme d r td pe i nsonabl c e ompe a i i Augus of 1 ns ton n t 994,whe s r c ve aç e s d' pe i c l ulto n he e ei d t vie ' nson a c ai n r s ngt the Reie ntRe t a i Pln be ftt t e $1 . a t ti woul bepad i howi ha r tr me sor ton a ne i o ald 0120, nd ha t d i n a lz sl diti i l s a ia e t x wihhpl ngs BRCLY0001 1 lmp- lm srbuton, es pplc bl a t di . 85- 86; s a s ee lo BRCLY0 01 9( () wa ce rt th . . u e si telte d dn t elc t e(o l p y n 0 9 <It s la ha te . n mb r n h etr i o r fe t h p o) a me t û aspa toft pe ina eba e.) Byt tmelme rceve t rvie cac ai I swas r he nso bl s ' . ' he i l s e i d he e s d lulton,nne ale y a r ofBa clys poston t tt PoolPa e woul notbe tea e a pe i bl r ad wa e r a ' ii ha he ym nt d r t d s nsona e c ompe ai n. She i c t d durng he 1 ns to ndi a e i r 997 de ii n i t Boyd ltg to t t pe i n posto n he ii a i n ha ns o is swe eçdic s s a trt s l t pl ce' BRCLY0001 s ue r ç s us ed oon fe he a e ook a .' 99. Alhough l sha t t nne d he o p ru iyt ont epanif i t eBo dc s , ,iehe,o kis ewi Baca ' sto p o tnt oj i h litfs n h y a e who lk rt o su t ' lys po iin h r > on t PoolPa e s Imesm a t c c o decson nott do s ba e on he t n- xitng he ym nt, z de he ons i us ii o o, s d r he e si b le t a t e vau o a y a dto a p nso b neisd d n tj siy t e c s o l iain. eif h t h le f n d iin l e in e ft i o u tf h o t f i g to t Ei ht e yea sl tr whe s wasc os t 65,l e c nge 'e mi a elc e t fl s t g e n r ae , n he l eo ml s ha d h r nd nd e t d o ie ui. W hie t pos i lt ofa ii na pe i be ft may ha be om e mor i ra t I s l he sbiiy ddto l nson ne is ve c e mpo tnt o nne 13 o c s er a h dr t e n a e t et co n e n o almiain pei dn e n t. . wat n e h e c e ei me t g ,h û l mme c me t f i tto s ro e d o . a i r l t da ofc m plt a r nes 'ont pa t apl i if Brunba v. i t Pa t r ,985 he wn o ee wa e s' he r of antf. t uah Prnceon rne s F.d 1 7 1 2 (t Ci.1 9 ) Be a s a rg tt a l n sh d t mo t y pe so be eis 2 5 , 6 4h r 9 3 . c u e ny ih h t n e a o nhl n in n ft t rt Reieme Re t ai Pl wascea l r pudit d by Ba caysi t m i 1 mde he tr nt sor ton an l ry e ae r l n he d- 990s he , r ca m f be f i ba r d by t a ia e saut oflm iai ns6 li or ne hs s re he pplc bl tt e i t to . 2. R evi w f Abuse ofD i e or screti on Eve i I ' c am we e not tm e ba r t co t c d not fnd t t t Pln n f nnes l i r i - red, he ur oul i ha he a Admi sr t r a e is dic e i i de ng he cai . The de son was s ppored by t nita o bus d t s r ton n nyi r lm cii u t he l ngua oft Pln,a t t vi ncelnownt t pl n a i sr t 'a t tm et decs o a ge he a nd he t de c e o he a dm nita or' t he i he ii n wa ma e Hetn, 0 F.d 3 , 5 (t Ci. 01 ) s eas Domel M er Liel s Co, s d . lo 7 9 3 43 3 6 4 h r 2 3 ; e lo r l v. to. f n . . 1 5F. p' 28 , 9 ( t Ci. 0 6 (W sweh v n td j d ca rv e o t ra o a lne s 6 Ap x 8 2 4 4h r 2 0 ) E a e oe ,u iil e iw f he e s n be s o (h pa a miitao 'ld cso i l tdt t b d o e i e c beo et a mi srt ra f te ln d n srtrs e iin s i e o he o y f v d n e f r he d nitao t mi t tmeirj ce g pli tf s cam.) At h tmeo t s l o BCC t CI teo rtv he i t ee td t anif q li ' . t e i fhe ae f he ' o T,h peaie defnii of pe i na e tc i ton nso bl lompe a i ' e l ns ton' xcuded tsa pa or r t n i n i e i . lt y- y e e to nc ntves' ' BRCLY000245. The Pln Admi sr t c uded t tt PoolPa m e ma t l supo a nitaor oncl ha he y nt de o nne n t s e of BCC f l wihi t t c t gor a he al el t n ha a e y nd, t , was not pe i bl . The Pln hus nsona e a Ad i sr t ' dec so wa s m nitaors ii n s uppored by a me or ndum fom Edwa d Boyd,t Pr sde of t m a ' r r he e i nt BCC,i whih hea e sd t E trton ds s'a s ae wih t sl oft co ny,a n c ddr se he ç tii kgq' socitd t he ae he mpa nd a r quese t tt E e t d ha he û payme sbepa dont da ofcl i co to lo y onempl ym e a t t nt i he y osng, ndii na nl o nt t ha da e. BRCLY 000266. Thedec son w a al o s ppore by I t' ' ii s s u td nnes own de ii t tm o i ' poston es i ny, n whihs sae t tltwa unde soodt tt poolwo dbepa bl upon (he daeofs e, c he ttd ha G s rt ha he i ul ya e t q t al but 6l lghtoft cour' concl on t tI ni he ts usi ha nnes'cai f beneft i bare by t sa t eoflmiai , l m or is s r d he ttl t i t tons t cour ne notdeci whehert def e ofl hesa ist t scl m. he t ed de t he ens ac pple o hi ai 14 b y n t a c ndto t e e wee n o h rq aiyng c n iin atc d' BRCLY0 01 7 e o d à t o i n, h r r o t e u l i o dto s ta he . i f ' 0 9. Pa nt t ta e c tona onl on c i d e pl e tloug t da ea c yme s ha r ondii l y ontnue m oym nt lr h he t ompany i s d s ol a e r to ly cha a t rz a sa pa or r t nton i n i s a t Pl n Adm i sr t r ai nal r c e i ed s t y y e e i nce tve , nd he a nitaor ope a e wel wihi is dic e i i c a sf ng t m a s h. M o e r t Pln rtd l t n t s r ton n l s iyi he s uc r ove , he a Ad i sr t ' de ii n i t s r ga d wa c itntwih e rir i e pr t tons of t Pl n, m nitaors c so n hi e r s onsse t a le nt r e ai he a i udi t et tga rs t t Boyd c e. Ac or ngl denyi I s c am f be ks ncl ng hos ha ve ie o he as c di y, ng nne ' l i or net wa ar as bl de son ba e on t i onnai n a ia e. s e ona e cii s d he nf to va lbl The c t i not pe s ded by I 'c ii im of t m ae i l r viwe by t Pl n our s r ua nnes rtcs he t ra s e e d he a Adm i sr t . I pa tc a , Imes tke is wih t f c t t t Pln Adm i sr t nita or n riulr r a s s ue t he a t ha he a nitaor c i r a me or ndum pr pa e by c ms li t Boyd c e r a di t tl ws t Gi n onsde ed m a e rd ot e n he as eg r ng ha a ui. ve t sm ia ii be- e n t t c s s howe r s he i l rtes e he wo a e , ve , omeo hadt s ne o ummarz t Boyd ltga i f ie he ii ton or t Pl Ad i sr t . Si e t c s wa ltga e ne ry t n y yea s ag i wa no he an m nitaor nc he a e s ii t d a l we t r o, t s t um e s na ef Ba clys c r e co e , a o bl or r a ' u r nt uns l who a s s rv d a c lo e e s ouns lofr co di t Bo ca e e e r n he yd s , t b t eo et d s Thec u tie s rj csIme ' r u n ta ac nfito itr s titd o e h n o o o. o r lk wie ee t r s a g me th t o lc fn ee tan e t Pln Adm i sr t ' decson he e. l i undiput d t tasnlt a c lc doese s,snc he a nita ors ii r ts s e ha t c ur l onfit xit i e t Pln Adm i sr t G h e l tsc am sf rbene isa pa be ftc am s' M e r Lie he a nita or t bot vauae l i o ft nd ys ne i l i . ' to. f l . . Gln ,5 4 U. 1 5 1 8( 0 8 . Ho v r ac n lc o itr s i t u o ea n ns Co v. e n 5 S. 0 , 0 2 0 ) we e , o fit f ne et s G t n mo g b ma y f co s i d tnnii t e ra o a e e s o t e ( a Ad n srt rs ds rto a y n a tr n ee nng h e s n bln s f h Pln miitao 'j icein r d tr n to ' Ch mpinv Blc & De ke ( S.l c, 5 F.d3 3, 5 ( t Ci. 0 ) s e ee miaim' n o . a k c r U. ) n .5 0 3 5 3 9 4h r 20 8 . e , as Pipe lo e nhaRe v. dDomi onFrihtLi .I ,6 F.Supp.2d 778 78 ( . Va.2009) n O1 ni eR ne nc. 40 , 5 W D. (( v n i te a mi srtri a tn t e ac n lc o itrsy t ec u tç s c n iu t 1E) e f h d nitao s cig md r o fit f n ee t' h o r t t o tn e o G ' mu a y a de e e i l s a r of r vi w w hie w e ghi t c lc as a f c o i de e ni ppl f r nta t nda d e e l i ng he onf i t a t r n t nni ng wh t e t r i a a u e o d sr to ' (iai n a d itr a q oain makso te ) As eh r hee s n b s f ic ein.) ctto n n en l u tto r mitd . ' 15 dic s d a s us e bove,t c tfndst tt Pln Ad i sr t ' de ii t de l 'cai f r he our i ha he a m nitaor s c son o ny nnes l m o be ût was r as bl The c ti notpe s ded t tt pr e e of a sr t alc lc ne s e ona e. our s r ua ha he es nc tucur onfi t i ope l i l nce t tde son. mpr ry nfue d ha cii Fo t e era o s tec u t o cud st a t ed fn a ti e tte t s mma yj d me t r h s e s n ,h o r c n l e h t h ee d n s n i d o u r u g n l o te cam frbe eisu d rj 0 () 1( o ERI A. Th c u t l ga tt d fnd n ' n h li o n ft n e 5 2 a ()B) f S e o r wil ' n he ee a ts r moinf rsl r u g n o ti cam a dd n Ine ' to f rs mmayj g n . to o l mmayj d me t n h s li n e y n s moin o u r ud me t I. I C l m f s at oa dam aee ai or t ut s Im e a s s kst r cove sa uor da l s lo ee o e r tt t y mage a a r s to t dea i r pondi t he s s e ul f he ly n es ng o r rq e t f r eie n plnd cl n s Th scam i b o h p ls a tt j5 2 c( )o ERI A, e u ss o r t me t a o l t. i li s rug t tru n o 0 ()1 f S r me wli h pr des i pe tne pa t asf l ' nc ovi , n ri nt r, olows . Any a nita or.. who f isorr f s st co y wih ar ques f i br ai dmi sr t . al e u e o mpl t e t or nf m ton whi h s h a i sr t i r quie by t s tte t f r s t a pa tci nt or c uc dm nita or s e r d hi il o u nih o ri pa be f a y( es s h fitr o rf alr ulsfom matr r a ona ybeyo nekir unl s uc alze r e us es t ' r te s e s bl nd t c r oft a nitaor bymaii t maeilr uetdt t l tknown he ontol he dmi srt ) lng he tra eq se o he as a e s of t r quesi pa tcpa o be ii r wihi 30 da afe s h ddr s he e tng ri i nt r nefc a y t n ys tr uc r que t ma i t co ' d s r ton be pe s l labl t s h pa tepa or e s y n he urts i c e i ronaly i e o uc ri i nt be t ir i t n ountofup t $1 a da fom t da e of s h f l e or nek a y n he m q 00 y r he t uc aiur r f s l a t c tma i isdi c ei or rs hot rr le a i dee pr pe . e u a , nd he our y n t s r ton de uc he e if s t ms o r he olowi ea ons he i ha z s il o 2 U. C.j 1 3 ( )1. For t f l ng r s ,t courtfnds t tImes i notentted t 9 S. 1 2 c () sam o y dn t t r mage . s Un e te pan ln u g o j 1 3 ()1,cvlp n l e c n o l b i o e u n a d r h li a g a e f 1 2 c( ) ii e at s a ny e mp s d po n i l dm i sr t ' who f l orr f e t c ç nita or' a ais e us s o ompl wih ar que tf rpl n docl e t . 1 ;s a s y t e s o a lm n s d. ee lo rlr sv.LieI .Co.ofN.Am.770F.Supp.2d768,773( M d.2011 . ERJ dei st oe f ns , D. ) SA fne he l d nsrt r' sGi t ep ro s e i ly s dei n tdb t tr o t ei srl n t e t miitao 'a 1 ) h e s n p ct l o sg ae y he ems f h n tl t md r a ( ka me wh c t ep a i o rtd'i)i a a miitao i n ts d sg ae ,h plns n o ' r(i i ih h ln s peae , i f n d n srtr s o o e in td te a po s r o i) n ( , i t c e of a pln f whi h a a nita or i notdesg t d a a pl s or c nnotbe he as a or c n dmi sr t s i na e nd an pons n 1 6 ie tfe ,s h oh r pes n a t Se r tr ma b r guain p e cie' 2 U. C.j d n i d uc te ro s he ceay y y e lto r s rb . 9 S. ' 1 0 (6( . 0 2 1 )A) I t sc e I n hi as , nnesdie t d he i ta r quessf pl n doc e t ,t whih s di no r c e r nii l e t or a um n s o c he d t rc veatmeyr pons t t Baca Pe in Se vc Ce e (ç vieCe e ' at r pa t e ei i l es e,o he rlys nso r ie ntr lser c ntr), hid ry t tpe f ha ronns c ra n mi se i la a i sr tve f to o be l oft de e nt I i e ti nit ra nd dm nita i unci ns n ha f he f nda . t s t s e t tt Se v c Ce e i nott de i t d pln admi sr t . I mdiput d ha he r i e nt r s he sgna e a nitaor nnesne rhels ve t e s a gue t ta a r ofsa u o y dn a s i a o it be a e t Se vi e Ce e s r d a a r s ha n wa d t t t r m ge s ppr pra e c us he r c nt r e ve s ç f t ' dm i sr or t aco'a nitat . de ' tlhe Fourh Cicui ha notye e r ed t : f t ad i sr t doc rne,at h &t r t s t ndo s he de aco' m nitaor ti lhoug s meohe Cic ish v d n s . F o e , 7 F.S p . d a 7 3 (iigRo e v. o t r rut a e o e o' l rs 7 0 u p 2 t 7 ctn sn TRW . n . ' l c, 9 F.d 1 ,1 3 9 ( 1h Ci.1 9 ) La v. n t& Yomg 9 6F.d 3 4 3 3 7 ( s Ci. 79 2 91 9 -4 1 t r 9 2 ; w Er s t , 5 2 6 , 7 -4 1t r 1 9 :. I se d t eFo rh Cic i h shedt a teG d nsrtr'md ra ERI A p a i t e 9 2 n ta , h u t ru t a l h t h l mi itao 't e n S ln s h a ntt s ome apl n ad i sr t smpl a m nitaor i y e iy de i a s h by ERI a t tm&e iy doe notbec ntt fned s uc SA, nd ha . be a e i ha c ti G c us t s era n t nita i r s i ltes' Col ma v.Na i de Lie l .Co. admi sr tve e ponsbiii . ' e n tonwi f ns , 9 9F. 5 , 2(t Ci. 9 2 ; e as S n aaVa Be c Ge rl s v. Be u 1 2F. u p. 6 2d 4 6 4 h r 1 9 ) s e lo e tr . a h nea Ho p. Le a , 8 S p 2 51 , 26( D. . 0 2 (e l n t a pl t eE efco' d nitao d crn , ndh l ig d 8 5 E. Va 2 0 ) d ci g o p y h G a t 'a mi srtr o tie a o dn , ni d t rCol ma t ta c tc nno i mde e n, ha our n t mpos an admi sr t r ssa u or dute on ano he e iy e nita o ' t t t y i s t r ntt t e s t t e iy me t t saut y dei ton of ç dmilsrt ' . l t a e ofany mls ha ntt es he tt or fnii t ritaor' n he bs nce a ) a t iy c u hort ompeli i t do s t sc ur,lkeot rdititc t i t Fo ut Cic t de lne lng t o o, hi o t i he src ours n he t ' r ui, c i s h t a ptt tde f c o' ad i s r t doc dne. A c r i y,a ac i nsorom i s o on t pa t o do he ç a t ' m ni t a or t co d ngl ny to s i ns he r oft Ser c Ce e ,hee iy t whom t una we e r quessf doc e swe eaddr s ed, he vie nt r t ntt o he ns r d e l or um nt r es d n tgv rs t acam f rsau o yd ma e u d rj5 2 c () o o ie ie o li o ttt r n g s n e 0 () 1. 17 M or ove , ve i asa tor pe t c dbeas e s dont bassoft Se vieCe e ' e r e n f ttz y naly oul t sse he i he r c nt rs f iur t r po t doc e r que t,t co ti of t opi on t t s h pe ly i not al e o es nd o um nt e s s he ur s he ni ha uc nat s wa r n ed i t i tnt c e. I detr ni whehe t i r a t n he nsa as n e mi ng t r o mpos a sa ut y pe ly,cours e tt or nat t c n ie s v r l fco s icu ig ( ) l rj d c t te p an if' ( ) the n t r o t o sd r e ea a t r n ldn 1 û eu ie o h litf ; 2 û au e f he p t a miitao ' c nd c i r s n n t te p rii n ' z q etf rpln d c me t' a d ( ) d n srtrs o u t n epo dig o h a t pa ts e u s o a o u n s' n 3 c tr tai toubl a e ns 'i uredby t pli if Da sv.Fe t rt t usr ton, r e, nd xpe e' nc r f he antf . vi a he sone,97 F. 734, 3d 7 8 3 ( t Ci.1 9 ) On b ln e te e f co sweg a an ta a r o d ma e h r . 3 - 9 4h r 9 6 . aa c , h s a tr ih g is n wa d f n g s ee Onc I s r s f pl docz nt a t ly m a is wa t t def nda ,t doc e s e nne ' eque t or an lme s cual de t y o he e nt he um nt weep o u e i at l ma n r a dI n sha n t h wn ta s s fee a yp eu iefo r r d c d n i y n e , n n e s o s o h t he u frd n rj dc r m me notr c i ng t m s r Imeshad ar a r t ne co e a t tm e s i taly r sed e e vi he oone . z le dy e ai d uns l t he i he nii l eque t t doc nt fom t Se vi Ce e ,a s woul ha i via y ha t fl s tt r he ume s r he r ce ntr nd he d ve ne t bl d o ie ui mde ERI t puruehe cli f be t ,i lgh oft de e ntsposton t the PoolPay e SA o s r a m or neks n i t he f nda ' ii ha r m nt wa notpe i na e. W hie$ c t e ogni e t tI s nso bl l he our r c z s ha nnesma ha e re e fusr ton a a y ve xpe inc d r ta i s r ul o t de a i r c vi c e oft r quese pln docl t ,he nee f rne c e es t f he l y n e ei ng opi s he e t d a tmen s r d o w opi s r ule âom he nea l t p ye de a i a s ri her e il mentt be ft unde t es t d r ry went ar l y n s e tng ntte o ne is r he Re ie e Re t a i Pl n. I e I she s fa knowl st ts no l rha c es tr m nt sor ton a nde d, nne r el c edge ha he onge d opi o t doc e sbe us oft pas ageoftm e. f he um nt ca e he s i Fo t s r ao ,h c u t e ln st a r sau o yda g su d rj 1 3 ()1 . e r he e e s ns t e o r d cie o wa d ttt r ma e n e 1 2 c () Th d fn a tsmoinf rsl r u g n wil eg a tdwi r s c t ti cam. ee d n ' to o l mmayj d me t l b rn e t epe t o h s li ? h 1l l h o tecut rl j,n e i n t nie t e utberl f r t re ' fe a dc ss S e n i t fh o rs ui sln ss o etld o q i l ei o at n ys es n ot. e g ' n t a e o Co . 42(e u sigeui berle i tef ' o t eu gme titrso patd ega beeis)seas mpl! rq etn q t l elfn h ol f< jd n neet n s u ln n ftn;e lo a m pr Had v. l n eSd. f I . ,5 0 U. 24 ,2 5 (01 )(oligta R f e cama tmu ts o s rt Rei c t Lie ns Co. 6 S. 2 5 2 0 h dn h t a e s ll n s h w ome a d g e o s c e so t meisb f r a c ur ma a r a r e ' f e u e ( U. C. â 1 3 ( ( )' e r e f u c s n he rt e oe o t y wad to n ys e s nd r 29 S. I 1 2g)1' ) (i to a ditr a q ttonmak o te . Ac odi l, rrqu ssf rs hr l fmu tb d ne . ct in n n en l uoai r s mitd) c r ngy he e e t o uc ei s e e id a e 18 C onc us on l i F rt er a o sae t ec u t l g a t h d fn a tsmoi nf rs mmayj d me t o h e s ns ttd,h o r wi rn t e ee d n ' to o u r u g n l a d d n t plitf' mo in f rml r j d me t Th Clr i dr ce t s n c riid n e y he an ifs to o mmay u g n . e ek s ie td o e d e t e f c e oft sm e o a opi s hi m r ndum o ni a t ac ompa ng or rt a1c pi on nd he c nyi de o l ouns lo r or e f ec d. s b y a y DA TED :Thi t da ofJ nuar , 201 7. ChifUnie Stt sDititJ e e t d a e src udg 1 9

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