Guerra, et al v. Guadalajara

Filing 20

MEMORANDUM OPINION. Signed by District Judge Glen E. Conrad on 7/7/16. (hnw)

CLERK' OFFI 0, . SX couK r
S
CE S DI
AT RIANOKE,
I
VA
FI
LED

I THE UNI
N
TED STATES DI
STRI COURT
CT
FOR TH E W ESTERN D I
STRI O F VI GN A
CT
R
CHA RLO TTESV I
LLE D I SI
VI ON

J 2? 2 1
UL
26
JUL

. D
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,
CLERK

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R EYN A GU ERR A,e a .
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Ci lA c i N o.3:
vi ton
16CV 00020
Pl i i f ,
a ntf s
M EM O R AN D UM O PI O N
M

GUA DA LAJ M , V ,
A
I

By:
Hon. e E. lad
Gln Corr
Chi fUnied St t D i t i tJ
e
t
a es sr c udge

D e e nt
f nda .
I t i t ntac i n, e G ue r a Ce ela Se r t as e tc a m sunde t Fa rLa
n he ns a
t o R yna
r a nd c i r a o s r l i
r he i bor

S a d r sAc (F A' , 9 U. C.j 2 - 9 a d Vign ac mmo 1w a an tt erf nne
tn ad t t LS ' 2 S. j 0121 , n r ii o n a g i s h i o r
<
)

e o e, Gu d lj r ,I (Gua aaa a'. Gu d lj r h s mo d fr j g n o te
mply r a aaaa V G d ljr '
ç
)
a aaaa a ve o ud me t n h
pl di wih r s c t t pli tfs'c
ea ngs t e pe t o he a n if omm on 1w co ri c am . Thec t l ahe rng
a
nve son l i
our hed
ai
ont m o i on J 20, 6. Fo t f l ngr as , hem oto wilbe de e
he ton
une 201
r he olowi e ons t
in l
ni d.
Backzround

Thef l ng f c s t ke fom t pli tf s c
olowi a t , a n r he a n if ' ompli t a eac e e ast e f rpur e
a n , r c pt d nl o
pos s
C.
N
le
o t ed fn a tsmoin f r u g n o t p e d n s See W . & A . .M ilrD ev.Co.v.
f h ee d n ' to o j d me t n he la i g .

Co tlCa . .81 F.d 1 , 7 ( t Ci. 01 )
n ' s Co, 4 3 71 1 6 4h r 2 5 .

Gua aaaa i a M e ia rsa rn i Ale re Comt ,Vign a The plitfs
d lj r s
x c n etu a t n b mal t y r ii.
an if
wor d ass r r a t r sa lan f rva yi pe i bewee 2009 a 201 The no ly
ke
e ve s t he e t tr t o r ng rods t n
nd 5.
y nna l
wor d a las fvedaysawee f at t lo m or t n f t hotr
ke t e t i
k or o a f e ha ory ls.

Thepl ntfswer pad $2. 5pe ho byt de e nt The a s r c ve a a
ai if e i 1 r ur he f nda .
y lo e ei d n mounti
n
tpsea h da t tw a e val ntt a o m a e y 1 t 1 oft i t t lda l s l . Att e
i
c y ha s qui e o ppr xi t l 5 o 8%
he r o a iy a es
he nd

o t d y teplitfsweealwe t kepp r o tetpsta t yrc ie fo rsa rn
fv a ,h anif r l d o e at fh i h the eev d ' m etua t
o
r

pa r . Ho ve ,t de e n t a pori oft pl i if 'tps- s cic ly,3% oft
tons
we r he f nda t ook
ton he antfs i - pe i a l
he

panif'd i sls- a dl e ti f ri ef' Co l! 5 s eas i . t! 3 - 3 (ou o te
litfs al ae - n t p t o t l.
y
k
s ' mp . ; e lo d a ! 2 3 ç t f h
s
t a gr ss l e h oft m br
ot l os aes ac
he oughti ot r tur n e h ni , s s Gue aand Se r t ha
nt he esa a t ac ght M e . n'
r ao d
t pa bac t e pe ce tt De e ntoutoft rtps.... y ne rr ceve ba k a oft
o y k hr e r n o f nda
hei i
The ve e i d c ny he

tr e p r e tr ti e b te rsa r n . Th panif alg t a t d fn a tG i n t
h e e c n ean d y h e tu a t). e litfs le e h t he e e d n l d o
'
d
diti e t sm one t ough avai tp poolt o he e oye swho c t a iy a r ul ry
srbut hi
y hr
ld i
o t r mpl e
usom rl nd eg a l
r eve tps' a t tt def nda t f r d t
ec i i ,' nd ha he e nt ç e e hem dif r nte a tons f t pur e oft
of
fe e xplna i
or he pos
he

tr ep r e td d to t r u h u tere o me t' L s t !3 3 .
h e ec n e ucin h o g o t h i mply n ' t a ! 4- 5
l

On Fe r a y 2 ,2 6 t eplitfsfld t isa ta to a an tGu d lj r .
b u r 5 01 , h an if ie he n tn cin g i s a aaaa
Co mtIoft c
t
he ompl i ,t pl i if c am t tt def nda wa no e il t a tp c ed t
ant he antfs l i ha he e nt s t ntted o i r i

u d rj2 3 m)o t eF A,a dt u vo ae j2 6o t eFLS byp yn t e ls t a t e
n e 0 ( f h LS n h s iltd 0 f h
A
a ig h m e s h n h
s a ut r m i m lm w a .1 Thepli if as cam t tt dee
t t o y ni l
ge
antfs lo li ha he fndan vi ae j 207 oft
t oltd
he

1TheFLSA s t agener mi mum wage r r mentof$7.2 pe h ur 29U. C.520 ()1( .
es
al ni
equie
5 ro .
S.
6 a()C)
The sat e,howe r alows f cerai exce i t t ge r mi mum wa r e. One s exce i
t ut
ve , l
or t n
ptons o he ne al ni
ge at
uch
pton,
knownast Rtp cr t'pe misanempl rt pa atppedempl eawa a 1 as$2.3perhour asl
he i ediy' r t
oye o y i
oye
ge s ow
1
, ong
a t e o e' tpsmake up t dif enc be ween t ho l wage pai a t gener lmi mum wa
s he mplye s i
he fer e t
he ury
d nd he
a ni
ge.

2 U. C.j 2 3 m) s eas Tri v.
9 S.
0 ( , e lo eo Ryma Ho p.Prps.l . 7 F.d 4 ,4 (t Ci.2 5 . Sf i
'
n s o . nc, 95 3 42 47 4h r 01 ) < hs
e epton i a l et a empl ronl i ce t n condii a e me ' Per v.Lorai Ent ies I ,
xc i s vaiabl o n
oye y f rai
tons r t'
ez
r ne emrs . nc.

7 9 F. 23 2 ( s Ci.2 4 (iig 29U. C.j2 3( ) Sp cfc ly t e lye mu tbet çipe
6 3d , 7 1t r 01 ) ctn
S.
0 m). e iial, he mpo e s ç tp d
a
e oy e'ta i a e lye wh i e ga d i aj bta c t maiy a d rg al af r sEhee lye q
mpl e , h t s n mpo e o s n ge n o h t uso rl n e ulry fo d t mpo e
tpsofm or t n $30pe m ont 'St empl rmus i or t e oyeei advancet i i e t counta
i
e ha
r
h'; she
oye
t nf m he mpl
n
hat t nt nds o
pori oft empl e' tpst d t r r m i mum wage' and dhe e oyee mus r t n t tps
ton he
oye s i owar he equied ni
';
ç mpl
t
t eai he i
r i ' 1 Howe , t lter r quieme does not pr cl tp- i a r ment i whih
eceved. d.
'
ver he a t e r nt
e ude i poolng range
s n
c

e oy e s ae tp wih oh r e o e s who rg lry a d c t maiy rc i tp . Se 2 U. C.j
mpl e s h r is t t e mply e
e ua l n uso rl e eve is e 8 S.
2 3( . I a e lye d e no s tsyt r q ie nsf r h tpce i,s nnotpc e i c nb tk na
0 m) f n mpo r o s t aif he e urme t o t e i r dtdhe
t
i rdt a e a e nd
tee o e i l bef r h f l ni m wa e' Rec v. zRo l lc, F.d4 , 3( dCi.1 9 .
h mply rs i l o t e ulmi mu g . ih Che bet n .28 3 01 40 3 r 9 4)
a
'
2

ant he an if
FLSA by f ii t payt m pr rove tm ewa s2 I Co mt1 oft compl i , t pl itfs
alng o
he ope
ri
ge . n t 1 he

a s r a ca m f c r i n ba e on t de e ntsr tnton oftpse r d by t pli if .
s e t li or onve jo s d he f nda ' ee i
i n ne
he antfs

Gua aaaa ha mo e f rj d me to t e p e dng a t Co n 1. Th d fn a t
d lj r s v d o ' g n n h la i s s o u t I e ee d n
u
a g t tt c
r ues ha he onve s o c ai i pr m pt d by t FLSA a m us be di m i s d.
r i n l m s ee e
he
nd
t
s se
St
andard ofR evi w
e

Ru e1 ()o t eF d rl lso Ci iPr c dlep r t apat t mo ef r u g n o
l 2 c f h e ea Ru e f vl o e t emis ry o v o j d me t n
r
t pl di . I r e ngaRul 1 c moi fldby adee ntt c ta ist s me
he ea ngs n eviwi
e 2() ton ie
fnda ,he our pple he n

sa d z ta wo l a pl t a Rul 1 b () mo in t ds s f r fi r t sae a cam.
tn ad h t ud p y o
e 2()6 to o imis o al e o tt li
u
l d p n e c Ne en . Ciyo Chalte 5 8F.d 1 8 1 4(t Ci. 0 ) Th c u t s
n e e d n e ws I c v. t f ro t, 6 3 4 , 5 4h r 20 9 . e o r mu t
ac e a loft f m a ale to i t c
c pt l he ac l l gai ns n he ompli tastue a dr w a1 r as bl i e e e i
an
r nd a 1 e ona e nf r nc s n
f vo oft pl i if . Bu b c Br a Co. . ki Ra i Co p,2 8 F.d 40 , û ( t Ci.
a r he antfs
'
r a h o d. v El ns d o r . 7 3 1 4 6 4h r

20 2 . Tos r i eamoinf r ud me to t pla ig ,h c mp an mu tc n ans o ce t
0)
u vv
to o j g n n he e dn s te o lit s o ti u in
f t çt r ie a rghtt r le a
acs so as
i o ei f bove t s c a i lvel'a G tt a c am t r le t ti
he pe ul tve e ' nd i a e l i o e if ha s
s

p a sb eo isfc . BelAt. r v. mby, 5 U. 5 4 5 5 (00 )
lu il n t a e' l l Co p. Two l 5 0 S. 4 , 5 2 7 .
'
D i c s on
s us i
The Supr m ac Cl us of t Co tt i r nde s f de a 1 w C he s e e La oft
e y a e he nsiuton e r e r l a ç upr m
t
w
he
La ' U . Cons . 4. l c1 2. $ sa r ul,f de als a ut s a r ul tonspr pe l e t
nd.
' S.
t A1 V , . $
A
es t e r t t e nd eg a i
o ry nac ed
a pr ul t d c nuliy c lc i s a e o l a a tons ' Cole Loa Cor v. SLM
nd om ga e an lf onfi tng t t r oc l c i .'
l ce
n
n.

Co n, 9 F.d5 8 5 5(t Ci. 0 ) Th r aetr ewa si whc f d r la m a p e mp
r .3 6 3 8 , 9 4h r20 5 . e e r h e y n ih e ea 1w y r e t

2 Sec i 207 of t FLSA $ t bls t ge r r e t e oye s mus pa ove tme
ton
he
6 a ihes he ne al ul hat mpl r
es
t y
ri
compe ai t e o s who wor mor t f y hour durng a s ve da wor week.' W ilamsv.
ns ton o mplyee
k
e han ort
s i
e n- y
k
'
li

Ge e Sev .LLC,8 9F. 1 3 l 4( h Ci. 01 )(iig29U. C. 20 ()1) ç ly e aee ie
n x r s.
0 3d 0 , 0 4t r 2 5 ctn
S. û 7 a( ). ç o e s r ntld
Emp
t
t ove tm ecompens tonaccor ngt t gene alnlet es t i e oyerpr vest toneoft Ac ' many
o ri
ai
di o he
r l ml s her mpl
o ha
he ts
e mptonsapples' I
xe i
i .' d.

3

sae 1w u d r te S p e c Clus : () b ç x r s pre to y wh c o c r whe
tt a n e h u rma y a e 1 y ç p e s e mp in' ih c u s n
e
'
ç n rs e prsl d cae isitn t p e mp sae lw' ()b l l p e mp in'wlc
d g e s x e sy e lrs t ne t o r e t tt a ' 2 y fed r e to y l h
co
;
' i
oc tr çwhe f de a l w s t oughl oc upi s a l gi l tve f e d as t m a r a ona e t
c l s s n e r l a o hor
y c e
e sai i l
o ke e s bl he

ifrnc t t Co g e s lf n r o f rt e sae t s p lme ti ;a () b ç o l t
n ee e ha n rs e4 o o m o h tts o u p e n f' nd 3 y ç nfi
c c
pr e i 'whih oc ur ç n c
e mpton,
' c c sG
whe ompla wih bo h f de a a sa er gu ai i aphysc
ince t t e r l nd t t e ltons s
i al
i
mpos i lt orwhe sae1 w sa a a obsa et t ac ompls e a e uto o t
sbiiy,
n tt a t nds g n t cl o he c
ihm nt nd xec i n f he

f lp r o e a do j ci so Co g e s' Pn yv. lis n .40 F.d43 , 5 , 7(t Ci.
ul u p s s n b e tve f n r s. ine Noca I c, 2 3 0 4 3 45 4h r
'
2 0 )(nen l iainsa dq tto mak o te ) I t i c s , d ljr i v k st t id
0 5 i tr a ctto n uoai n r s mitd . n h s a e Gua aaa a n o e he hr
c a s o pr e i n,pM iul ry a i wa a yz a a i d by t Unie Stt s Co tof
l s f e mpto
c a l s t s nal ed nd pple
he
t d ae
ur

Ap asf rt eFo t Cic i i An e s nv. a aLe Co oain, 0 F.d 1 ,1 (t Ci.
pe l o h m' r ut n d ro S r e m rto 5 8 3 81 91 4h r
h

2 0 )3
07
l Ander o t Fo t Cic tc ncudedt tFLsA- s d cli sf rbr a h ofc tac,
n
s n, he urh r ui o l
ha
ba e am o e c
on r t
neg i nce a f a w e e pr mpt unde t s e of c lc pr empton r f n'd t as
lge , nd r ud r ee ed
r he ubs t
onfit e
i ee e o
to t cepr mpton,' c e sswhe GGtt l w sa a a o t cl t t a co pls e
tbsa l ee i 'whih xit
n ûsae a t nds s n bsa e o he c m ihm nt

o tef lp r o e a o j cie o fd r la ' An es n, 0 F.da 1 - 9 , 9 ( u tng
f h ' l u p s s nd b e tv s f e è a 1w.' d ro 5 8 3 t 91 1 2 1 4 q oi '
u
'

W o m v. Cv n mi Co, 7 F.d 1 0 ,1 0 ( t Ci.1 9 ). Thep an if i And r o
r Am. a n d .9 0 2 3 1 3 5 4h r 9 2)
litfs n e s n
al d t t by f ii t c
lege ha , alng o ompe a ewor r f tm es ntc
ns t
ke s or i pe ompl ng wih t co ny'
yi
t he mpa s
m a t r u f m polc Ksa a Le vi a ed t ç pplca e w a a hourl m ' . , he FLSA .'
nda o y nior
i y, < r e ol t he a i bl ge nd
a ie.t
'

5 8F.d a 1 4. Rahe t np e dngcamsdr cl t e t eF A, h p an if çn o e d
0 3 t8
t r ha la i li ie ty md r h LS t e litfs ç v k gj
i
s a e 1 w . . st s c ofr m e e f t a l ge FLSA vi a i ' l a 1
t t a . a he our e e di s or he le d
ol tons. d. t 93. Fori t nc
'
ns a e,
t pl i if alege a pa t t rne i nc c a m , ha Sa a Lee c r es l f ie t pa w age
he a ntf s l d, s r of hei glge e l i t t r
a el s y a l d o y
s
d und rt FLSA ; he a l ge a pa t t i c r d cl i , ha Sa a Le b e he apr m i e
ue e he
t y le d, s r of he r ont a a m t t r e r ac d
o s

3 I i undiput t texpr spr mpton a fel pr mpton a ei pplc e.
ts
s ed ha
es ee i nd i d ee i r na iabl

4

t pa FlsA- a t d wage ;a t y a lge a pa tof t i fa c am ,t t Sa a Le
o y - m nda e
s nd he le d, s r
her r ud l i ha r e

wilulyfie t pa frc
lf l ald o y o ompe abl tmeunde t FLSA. J . Thus t pli if'sae1
ns e i
r he
/,he antfs tt aw

camsG se tal r q r l)t esmep o fa camsa s re u d rt FLS is l. 1
li s s nil e uie d h a r o s li se td n e he A tef' d.
e
y
'
I a l i whe he t pl ntf s c am ssood a a obsa et t a compls e of
n na yzng
t r he ai if ' l i t
s n t cl o he c
ihm nt

t eF A' p po e a d o j cie , h Fo rh Cic i e h sz d ta th FLS p o i e a
h LS S u s s n b e tv s t e u t rut mp a ie h t G e A r v d s n
t
t ualy e a a e e o c ment s he e' whi h, t t r s c t t m i m um wa a
mus l l bor t nf r e
c m ,' c t h e pe t o he ni
wi
ge nd
o ri e co pe a i r r m e s ' i l s G he a ho i t o f w or r t fl prva e
ve tm
m ns ton equie nt ,' nc ude s
t ut r za i n or
ke s o ie i t

a tons i sa e or f de a c t t r o r un i wa ,lq da e da a s a c t a
c i , n tt
e r l our, o ec ve pa d ges i ui t d m ge , nd os s nd
.

a tr sf es' I a 1
to ney' e . d. t 92. I lghtoft se or e e s he e t Fourh Cic tnot d t t
'
n i
hi nf c m nt c m , he
t r ui e ha

t r c d notbet e e i l sr pr umpton a i tpr mpton ofsaer m e e t t
he e oul
he xc ptonaly tong es
i gans ee i
tt e di s ha

wo d be war nt i t FLSA di notpr de fde a rmedi . J Nonehee s be aus
ul
ra ed f he
d
ovi e r l e es .
/,
t ls , c e
Ghem e e e se ofa f de alr gult y ore or e e 'c m e . . . doesnotby is fi y
ç
t
r xit nce
e r e a or
nf c m nts he
tel mpl
pr e i ofsa e r medi ,'t Cour l
e mpton
tt e
es' he
t ooked f ç pe i lf a ur s wa r ntng pr e pto '
or i c a e t e
s
ra i
e m i n,
'
s h a S he pr vii ofe l i r m e es f elor i rg s e e sy gua a e d by t
uc s s
t
o son
xcusve e di or zf cng i ht xpr s l
r nt e
he

fd rlsaue' I a 1 3 9 (nen lctto sa q o ai n makso te ) Reyn o is
e e a ttt . d. t 9 -4 itr a iain nd u tto r mitd . lig n t
'
p e iusd cso i Ke d lv. t o Ch s p a e 1 4F.d43 (t Ci.1 9 ) i whihi h d
rv o e iin n n al Ciy f e a e k , 7 3 7 4h r 9 9 ,n c t a
hedt tpli if c dno us aj1 3a tont e oret i rght t o ri compe ai
l ha antfs oul t e 98 ci o nf c her i s o vetme
ns ton
unde t FLSA,heFourh Cic tc l dt tt FLSA pr dest xcusver medis... or
r he
t
t r ui oncude ha he
ovi ' l i e
e
e
f

vi ai ns of is ma t s' T a 1
ol to
t
nda e . d. t 94. S ca e t FLSA ' e or e e s n e i a
'
s us he
Be
S nf c nx nt che x s n
e l i one ' t Fourh Cic t f r he co l ed t t t pl i if ' G a - s d c t ac ,
xc usve
,' he
t r ui u t r nc ud ha he a ntf s s sA ba e on r t
Fl

n g ie c , n fa cams( r)p e l e u d rat e r o o tcep e mpi n' I . Th
e lg n e a d rud li wee r cud d n e h o y f bsa l re to . d
'
e
Cour e
t mpha i d t t is c uson wa ç nsse wih t nli ofs ve aldititc t
sze ha t oncl i
s ç it nt t he lngs
co
e r src ours

5

de mi sa e c am st bepr e ptd by t FLSA whe e t e cai ha m e el d ia ed
e ng tt l i o
em e
he
r hos l ms ve r y uplc t

FLS cams' Jl (olcigc s s.
A li . .s c le tn a e )
' l
Si Ande s wa de i d, c t ha ditnguihe be we n c am s t t s e t
nce
r on s c de ours ve si s d t ç l i ha e k o
r c runpa d o ri ec
e ove
i ve tm ompe ai n ormi mlm wa pr dedby t FLSA,a cai t t
ns to
ni l
ges ovi
he
nd l ms ha
dono s e t e or et FLSA ' m i m l wa a ove tmer quie e s To t extntt t
t e k o nf c he
S ni l
m ge nd ri e r m nt .
he e ha
a ca m ç e ksc
li ç e ompe ai unde sa e 1w f o tm epa m a t d by t FLSA oral ge
s
ns ton
r t t a or veri
y nda e
he
le s

t tpli if r c ve ls t n t f r lm i mum wa ...,Ande s n ma scea t tt s
ha antfs e ei d e s ha he ede a ni
ge
ro
ke l r ha he e
c am sa epr e e by t FLSA a mus be dimis d. M a t z- na z v.Bute bal
l i r e mpt d
he
nd
t
s se '
'
ri Her nde
ne
tr l.

LLC, 78F. u p. d 8 6 8 9 ( D. . 2 0 ) s eas Ni n v.
5
S p 2 1 , 1 E. N C. 0 8 ; e lo mmo s RBC I s Ho dn sRJ
n . l ig SA)
l .No 6:7c 2 3 , 0 7U. Dit L S 9 46 , t* ( S. De . 7 20 7 (plitf'
nc, . 0 -v- 6 7 2 0 S. s. EXI 4 7 a 3 D. C. c 2 , 0 ) s an ifs
t
sae lw cli sr l t t al ge ove tme mus be dimis d be aus t y as e trg st ta e
t t a am e aed o le d ri
t
s s e c e he s r i ht ha r

du i tveoft epr e tdbyt FLSA.) çlo ve,camst taeGe aea dsi t
plcai
hos otce
he
' . ç- we r li ha r spart nd itnc'
' l

fo F A cams s c a a Gle e fi r .. t p y wa e wh c ma b i e c s o (
r m LS li , u h s n alg d al e . o a g s ih y e n x e s f t
u
he
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