Peterson v. Paddy

Filing 30

MEMORANDUM OPINION. Signed by District Judge Glen E. Conrad on 6/19/17. (hnw)

I THE UNI
N
TED STATES DI
STRI COURT
CT
FOR THE W ESTERN DI
STRI OF VI
CT
RGW I
A
CHARLOTTESVI
LLE DI SI
VI ON
',
N

CLERK' OFFI U,S, ST.
S
CE
DI COUIT
R
ATCHARL ESVIE,b j
OU
L '
b
FI ED
L

JUN 1! 2 1
27
JULI .
A
BY: ' '
D

L ,
cLE

N Ax cY PETERSON ,CON SERV A TOR
Fo R M A D AY LY N PETERSON ,

Ci lAc i No.3: 6CV00026
vi ton
1
Pl i if
a ntf ,

M EM OM NDUM O PI ON
NI
I
QEVI LEONARD PADDY,
N

H on. l n E.Corr d
Ge
la
ChifUnie St t sDititJ ge
e
t d a e src ud

De e n .
f nda t

Plitf Na c Pee s n,a c ns r ao f rM a ln Pee s n ($ d ln',fld t s
anif n y tro s o e v tr o day tro ç ay ' e hi
Ma
)
di r iy aci n a i Ke n Leo r Paddy,M adayn' bi ogialf t r a s ri cam s o
ve st to gan vi
na d
l s ol c ahe , s e t
ng li
f
as a ta ba tr a i e i i lci ofe o i dites . Unbe wns t t pl i if
s ul nd te y nd nt ntonal nfiton m tonal sr s
kno t o he antf,
Pa m o d fom Go dons le Vigi at Suwa e Ge gi s ve a m ont be or t aci n
ddy ve r
r vil , r ni o
ne , or a e r l
hs f e he to

wa fld Pees nha no mo e t ta frv n u d r28U. C.j 1 6 a. Th moin
s ie . tro s w v d o rnse e ue n e
S.
40 () e to
hasbe n f l bref d a i rpef diposton. Fo t r as nss tf t bel t c twil
e uly i e nd s i or s ii
r he e o e orh ow, he our l
gr tt moton a ta f rt c et t Unied St t sDiti tCo tf t Norhe n Ditit
an he
i nd r ns e he as o he t
a e src ur or he
t r src
o Ge g a Ata t Di son.
f or i , l n a vii
Backzround

M adayn wasbo n t Pee s a Pa i Augus o 1
l
r o tr on nd ddy n
t f 994. Att ttme,Pee s a
ha i
tr on nd
Pa r sded i Twe yni Pam s Ca ior a whe e Pa wass vng a a l nc c por i
ddy e i n
nt ne l , lf ni , r ddy
er i s a e or al n

t e Urtd Stts M aie Co . l Se tmb r o 1 9 ,M a ay s fe e mutp e ij re ,
h l e ae rn ms n pe e f 9 4 d ln u fr d lil nu is
i
i l ng s l f a tles w hie i Pa
nc udi kul r c tr , l n ddy' c r . I J nua y of 1
s ae n a r
995, a ge r l co tm a ta
ne a ur - r i l

convit d Pa
ce
ddy of a s uli M a l
s a tng
da yn. As a r ul, Pa
es t ddy w a s nt nc d t 1 m o hs
s e e e o 8 nt '
i ionm e ,ha hi m iiar r nk r duc d,a wasdihonor bl dic r fo t M a i s
mprs
nt d s lt y n e e nd
s
a y s ha ged r m he rne .

Pees n camst a M a ay i p nna e ty d sbld a ar s l o t eij re t ts
tro li h t d ln s e n nl ia e s e ut f h nu is ha he
s ti d asa i a ,a t ts i i a bl ofca i f herpr pe t o tans tng busnes .
usa ne
n nf nt nd ha he s nc pa e
rng or
o ry r r aci
i s
I Se e rof201 Pe e s wa a nt d asM a l sco e v t by apr t c t nt
n pt mbe
2, t r on s ppoi e
dayn' ns r a or
oba e our i he

St t ofComl tc ,wher Pee s n now r i . The c e v t r hi ha be n r ne d by t
ae
ec iut
e tr o
esdes
ons r a o s p s e e we
he
pr t c t m uli eoc asons m os r ce l o Aprl1 201
obae our on
tpl c i , t e nty n
i 9, 7.
ha i , t r o
Pe e s fl d t i t ntaci n a i tPa o Aprl1 201 Att ttm e Pe e s n
t ron ie he nsa
to ga ns ddy n
i 2, 6.

bele d t t Pa
ive ha ddy wa sil r i ng i Gor vil Vigi a Pe e s a lged i t
s tl esdi n
dons le, r ni .
tr on le
n he
c pli t t Pa
om a nt ha ddy çs a i vi la r i ntof Louia Count Vig ni r i ng a 9
t n ndi dua nd esde
i
s
y, r i a, esdi t

La rlOa Ct Go d n vle VA 2 9 2' Co l! 8 Do k t .1 Pres n frh ralg d
u e k , r o s il,
24.
' mp . , c e No . tro u te le e
t a tv e uei p o ri t sDititpzs a tt 2 U. C.j1 1 9( )'sn eçheDee a t
h tG ln s r pe n hi src l u n o 8 S.
g
r
39 0 1, ic s
1
t
fnd n

r sd si Lo iaCo ny Vigna wh c flswihnt ej rs ito o ti c u t' 1 . t 1 .
ei e n u s u t, r ii, ih al t i h u id cin f h s o r. d a ! 0
'
Pe e s se f rst s r e Pa a t a es i Gor vil w e et uc e s ul The
t r on' f o t o e v ddy t he ddr s n
dons le r ms c s f .
a e si i agae commt t On M a 21 201 t pr s s r rG pokewih s cziy,' nd
ddr s s n
td
miy.
y , 6,he oce s e ve d
s
t e lrt 'a
was a s t t Paddy C ks o oft
dvied ha
G
wor ut own.' Afi of Due Dii nc Doc tN o.7. The
'
fd.
lge e, ke
pr e ss r e wasf rhera s d t t( to poi t hous w a f s l 'b Pa tssilhe
oc s e v r
u t dvie ha t ne nt he
a
e s or ae' ut ddy ç tl t
i

o r' L- On May 23,201 a ma who a wee t doort t hous i Gor vil
wne . d
' a
6,
n
ns rd he
o he
e n dons le
a s d t pr e s s r ert thewasr ntng t hous fom Pa
dvie he oc s e v ha
e i he
e r
ddy,a t tPa m a be i
nd ha ddy y
n
Geo g a
r i.

Pe e s s e nty s
t r on ubs que l ubpoe e pa r l r or fom Pe e s s e oye . The
na d y ol ec ds r
t r on' mpl r
pa ol r c ds ls Padd s a r s as 1
yr l e or i t
y' dd e s
270 W a e V i w La ,Suwane Geo g a 30024. The
tr e
ne
e, r i

r c ds as i c t t tPa
e or lo ndi ae ha ddy' tlng saus f r sae i m e t x pup os i C
s ii tt o t t nco
a
es s C Si e,1'
GA, ngl ,'
a t tGe g ai m et esha be wihhe d fom Pa y' pa he ks. Pe s
nd ha or i nco u
ve en t l '
r
dd s yc c
r onala Che k
nd
c
I onna i D oc tN o.7.
nf
ton, ke

2

Pe e s s e nty s r ed Pa att a e si Geo g a. On Se t
t r on ubs que l e v
ddy he ddr s n
ri
p embe 27,201
r
6,
ni ha
s e i nt
Padd fl d a a wert t c
y ie n ns
o he ompl i . l hi a we ,Pa
ant n s ns r ddy de ed t the i a r sde of

Lo iaComt , r ii . Se Ans r!7(1 r s o et t ealg to sst o t i p r g a h8
u s t y Vign a e we
$ n e p ns o h le ain e f rh n a a rp ,
t
s
e ha
s
tealg to aed nida dsrc p o fi de n e tlro ). He al o denid t tvenue i
h l ains r e e n tit r o s ma d d l e f'
e
e

p o e i ti dsrc . J a !8(ç r s o s t tealg to ss t o t i p rg a h 9a 1 ,
r p r n h s itit . t çn e p n e o h le ain e f rh n a a rp s nd 0
Z
l
ie
t e alg to sae d ne a d src p o fi d ma e t ee . However,he never fl d a
h le ain r e id n tit r o s e nd d h rof'
).
m o i t dimi sorta f ront tba i.
ton o s s
r ns e
ha ss

On Ap i 1 2 7 Pa d mo e f rsl r j d me to te g o n t tVigni'
rl 7, 01 , d y v d o l
mma y u g n n h r u d ha r i as
sa e oflm iai nsgover a ba t pl ntf ca ms l li bre i s
t mt s i t to
n nd r he ai ifs li . n ls i f n uppor o t moton,
t f he i
Pa
ddy co me t the ç
nfr d ha
t
now r sdes i Ge gi ' Br i Su ofM ot t Dimis and f
e i n or a.' . n pp.
.o s s
or
Slm m . .1 D oc tN o.1
l
J , ke
7.

I rs
n e pons ,Pe e s a g d t tt c ts d e oy t saut of lm ia i of
e t r on r ue ha he our houl mpl he t t es i ttons
Caio ni whe e t alege wr ng oc r d,orGeo gi,whe e Pee s now r i s a t t
lf r a, r he l d o
cure
r a
r tr on
esde , nd ha
he ca mswoul bede
r li
d
emedtmel unde t a i a esa u esi et rsat l t at r tve
i y
r he pplc bl t t t n ihe t e. n he le nai ,
Pe e s r quese t tt c tta f rt c e t Calf ni orGe r a.
t r on e t d ha he our r ns e he as o ior a
o gi

Th r a tr Pees n fldt ei tn moin t ta se v n u d r2 U. C.j1 0 ()
ee fe , tro ie h nsa t to o r n fr e ue n e 8 S.
4 6a.
Pee s a guest tve i i ope i t sditit snc Pa doesnotr i i Vigi aa
tr on r
ha nue s mpr r n hi src , i e ddy
esde n r ni nd
t a t co pl ne ofdi notoccl i t ssae.
he c s m ai d
d
tr n hi t t
On M a 25,201 Pa fl a bre i opposton t t m oto Conta y t hi
y
7, ddy ied
if n
ii o he
i n.
rr o s
a we ,i whi hhea fr ai l de e t tve i pr pe i t sditit Pa now mant i
ns r n c
fim tvey ni d ha nue s o r n hi src , ddy
i ans
t thei siladomi iir ofVigi a a t ttve ... ope l le i t W e t r Dititof
ha
s tl
cla y
r ni , nd ha l nue pr ry is n he se n src
Vigi a.' Def' Br i Opp' 3,Doc tNo.26. I a ac ompanyi a fda t Pa y sa e
r ni '
.s . n
n
ke
n n c
ng fi vi, dd tt s

t th G eives i lk l ta ( )wil et' t Vigz ai a p o maey 34 y a s'a trh s
ha e t le lq t iey h t he l rtun o r ii n p r xi tl - e r y fe i
b
l
'
3

grfind sy u g s c idg a u tsfo h g sho l P d yAfi !9 Do k t . 6. Paddy
ilre ' o n et h l rd ae r m i h c o . a d fd. , c e No 2
alo i caest the silownst r sde e i Loui a Co t Vigi at ti c r nty bei
s ndi t ha
tl
he e i nc n
s un y, r ni ha s ure l
ng

r ntd,ha heownsno r alpr ry i Ge gi,t her t r t Vigi aonc am o h f wor
e e t t
e ope t n or a hat e u ns o r ni
e
nt or k

oblga i and fe nty f s i lg he i ,a t the co i r Vigi a t be hi ho e
i tons
r que l or oc a at rngs nd ha
nsde s r ni o
s m
s at
t e.

On Jme2,20l Pe e s fl d ar pl bre ,a o wih a ii na e de i s
t
7, t r on e e y i f l ng t ddto l vi nce n uppor of
t
t pe ngm oton t ta f r Thea tonale de e i l svotrr co dsfom t Stt o
he ndi
i o r nse .
ddii
vi nc nc ude
e e r r he ae f
Ge gi whih i é t t tPadd r it r d t vot i t tsa eon J r r 20, 6, nd t thi
or a, c ndi a e ha
y eg se e o e n ha t t
ama y 201 a ha s
vot rr gi t a i r ai a tve.
e e sr ton em ns c i
Di c s on
s us i

Pees n' moin t ta se v n e i b o h pls n t 28U. C.j 1 0 () Un e
tro s to o rn fr e u s rug t t ua t o
r
S.
4 6 a. d r
t s sa ut i a ca e i br
hi tt e, f
s s oughti a dititwhe e ve
n
src
r nue i C ong,'t ditit c tç hal
sç
wr ' he src our ç l
s

d s s , ri i b i t itrs o j sie ta se s c c s t a yd src o dviini whihi
imis o ft e n he ne et f u tc ,r n fr u h a e o n itit r i so n c t
c ul ha eb e b o g t' 2 U. C. 1 0 () Thep o so t ee o ea to ie ds s a o
o d v e n r u h . 8 S. j 4 6 a .
'
r viin h r fr uh rz s imis l r
ta f ronl whe ve i l o 'i t f um i whi ht aci wa sl d.
r ns e y
n nue s i ng' n he or n
wr
c he ton s e
(-hi q s i n - w he he ve i t o or Gm pr pe '- i ge r l gove e by 28
s s ue t o
f
t r nue s wr ng' i o r s ne aly
m d

U. C. 1 91' Al. ai eCo sr Co v. tdSae DitCo r,1 4 S Ct5 8 5 7( 01 )
S. j 3 . tM rn n t. . Uni tt s s. u t 3 . . 6 , 7 2 3 .
'
e

Tha p o iinsae t tda cvla to ma b b o g ti - ( )aj d ca d src i whc a y
t r v so tts ha d q ii cin y e r u h n 1 u iil itit n ih n
g
d fn a trsd s i a1d fn a t aersd n so teS aei wl c t d src i l c td ()a
e e d n e ie , f 1 ee d ns r e ie t f h tt n l h he itit s o ae ; 2
i
j dca dsrc i wh c a s bsa t lpa to t e e e t o o s in gv n Hs t te cam
u iil itit n ih u tni r f h v n s r miso s ii g e o h li
a
o c re . . o ( )i t r i nod src i wl c a a to ma oh r s b b o g t sp o ie
c u rd . ; r 3 f hee s itit n l h n cin y t e wie e r u h a r vd d
i
i t i s cin a y j iildsrc i whih a y d fn n i s b e tt t c u tsp ro a
n h s e to , n udca itit n c n ee da t s u j c o he o r' es n l
j rs ito wihr s e tt s c a to ' 28U. C.j 3 ( ) Th , e v n ei c aln e
u idcin t e p c o u h cin.
'
S. 1 91b . us wh n e u s h le g d
4

u d rj1 6 a,û ec u t t ee i wh t e t ec s flswihno eo t tr ec tg re
n e 40 () Sh o r mus d tnnne eh r h a e al ti n fhe h e ae o is
t
sto t nj1 91b . l i d e , e uei p o e ;f t o sn tv n i i rpe a dt ec s mu t
e u i 3 ( ) ft o s v n s r p r ii d e o , e ue s mp o r n h a e s
bedimisd o ta fredEq' At. ai 1 S.Ct a 577.
s se r rnser .' lM rne, 34
.t
I t sc e,i i I diput t tno oft a sgi ng rs t Pee s scli socc r d
n hi as t s m s ed ha ne he ct vi ie o tr on' am
ure

i Vigni,a d tu t tt sd src i no te p o rv n u d rj 1 ()2 . I se d t e
n r i a n h s ha hi itit s t h rpe e ue n e 391b () n t a , h
pa tesdiput whehe Pa çesde 'i t sdititoradititi Ge gi,f pur e ofj
ri s e t r ddy d i s' n hi src
r
src n or a or pos s

1 91b ( )
3 ( )1 .

Se to 1 91c p o ie t a,o v n ep r o e , nid vd a i û e me t rsd i t e
cin 3 () r vd s h tf r e u u p s s a n i iu l s ç e d o e ie n h
d
j dca d sdc i wh c t tp ro i d mii d' 2 U. C.j1 91c . Esa ls i gd mii
u iil it t n ih ha e s n s o cl . 8 S. 3 () tb ih n o cl
e '
e
E e r physc l pr s nce co e wih a i e t m a t St t a home. J
s quies
r
i a e e , upld t n nt nt o ke he a e
' ohns v.
'
on

Ad a c Am.5 9F.d9 2 9 7n. (t Ci. 0 8 . Al o g a idviu lc nh v o l o e
v n e , 4 3 3 , 3 2 4 h r 2 0 ) t u h n n i d a a a e ny n
h
dom iiea atm e heç a c ngehi do i l Cnsa l by tki up r s de ei a he sae
c l t i , i y ha
m
s m cie i t nty a ng
e i nc n not r t t

wih t i e t r mai t r H ene d noti e t r ma npe ma nty a hi ne domi ie i
t he nt nt o e n he e.
e
nt nd o e i r ne l t s w
cl ; t
ie
s nough t the i e t m a t ne sa eli ho e a t theha no pr s nti en i of
ha
nt nds o ke he w tt ls m nd ha
s
e e nt ton

g i eswh r .' S g n v. c n n Ge Ho p. I . 5 2 F.S p 2 5 9 58 ( . Va
ong le e e' e e Bu ha a n. s . nc, 5
'
u p. d 7 , 3 W D. .
20 7 ( il ms J)(uoigGn l v Uni dS ae , 0 F. u p. 9 , 9 ( D. .1 9 ).
0 ) W li , . q tn mbel . t tts 9 4 S p 4 4 4 7 E. Va 9 5 )
n
i
e
I de e ni whe e a i vi ua ç esde ' f r ve pu pos s ç ours c i r t
n t nni ng
r n ndi d l ' i s' o nue r e , G t onsde he
r
c

s me f co s
n a tr

.a t y d i d tr nig giq ctz n hp f r p po e o dv riy o
s he o n eemi n l s i e s i o u s s f ie st f
l
i

ctz ns i . W rg t M ilr 1 D Fe . a . P o .l i. 38 (t e . 7 . S hf co s
i e h p' ih & le, 4 d Prc & r c Jz s j 05 4h d 201 ) uc a t r
i
'
r
i l
nc ude,bu a e notlm ie t t i vi l s i r e r i nc vot r r gi taton a votng
t r
i t d o, he ndi dua ' t r nt esde e; e e s r i nd i
cu
pr tc s st of pe s na a r l pr pe t l t o of br r ge a bn a co mt ;
ac i e ; ius
r o l nd ea o ry; oca i n
oke a
nd nk c t s

me
mberhi i uni ns fa e na or ni tons c lc ,cl ,a ot r a s a i ;pl e of
s p n o , r t r l ga za i , htr hes ubs nd he s ocitons ac

e o nto busne s drve' lc ns a a omobiergitai gndjpa ntoft e .
mplyme r i s ; i rs ie e nd ut
l e srton; a
yme
u s'
'
5

Blo v.Lirr Cop. 1 2F. p .3 49 ,5 2 ( D. . . 1 ) s eas UDX.LLC v.
om
b a y r , 1 Su p d 8 0 N. W Va 20 5 ; e lo
He v r 5 3 B. 51 ,51 ( . N. 2 5 (itn t e sme fco s. t u t d tr n a
a ne, 3 R. 1 5 M D. C. 01 ) lsig h n a tr) G rs ee mie
co
pa t s dom iie on a c e by c e bass c i rng a 1oft cr um sa s s r t ng a
ry'
cl
as
as
i, ons de i l
he ic t nce uro mdi n

i vi lssma i ' Bl ,11 F.Supp. a 502. W hieno sngl f c ori dee mi tve,
ndi dua ' i ton.
' oom 2
3d t
l
i e a t s tr na i
s ef t sc lym or we g t n o he s I l i tnc , hesa ei whih a i vi li
om acor a'
r
e i ht ha t r . d. Tor nsa e t t t n c n ndi dua s
r gitr d t vot r ies a pr s pto t tt i i duali a ctze oft t sa e' Hal v.
e se e o e a s
e um i n ha he nd vi
s ii n
ha t t .'
l

Ne t n No 5:4-v 0 0 2 2 5 U. Dit LEXI 8 7 8 a *1 ( . Va Jme2 ,20 5
sma , . 1 c - 0 6 , 01 S. s.
S 3 2 , t 2 W D. . t 9 1 )
( b ns iJ)(nena ctto o te ) s eas Blo 1 2F. u p. da 5 3(mp a iigt a
Ur a k , . itr l iain mitd ; e lo o m, 1 S p 3 t 0 e h szn h t
.
ç o rs h ve f t a pat s v trr gsrto ...t b o pat ua i o tn e' (ne n l
l u t a omd
c
ry' oe e itain
o e f ri lr mp ra c ' itr a
c
)
ctto o te ) F rh nno e a pat ' o sae n s o hs itn e d miie ae G o
iains mitd . u te r, ry s wn ttme t f i n e d d o cl r d t
n
c l i 'a a et ntte t ltl we ghtwheni c lc wih t f t ' W e v. a 361
onc usve' nd r l ild o ite i
e
n onfit t he acs.
'
bb Nol n,

F. u p. 8 4 ( . N. 1 7 ) afd 48 F.d 1 4 ( t Ci. 9 3 ;s eas M oi o Val
S p 41 , 21 M D. C. 9 2 , f , 4 2 0 9 4h r 1 7 ) e lo ln s le
De Ci o C. o A. Ln , 3 F.d 1 3 ,1 4 ( 1h Ci. 01 )(ç u t g neal gv ltl
1 ba . p r v. ma 6 3 3 3 0 3 2 1 t r 2 1 E rs e rly ie it
co
e
weg t oap ry sp ofsi no d miie. . e a s t e ed ca ainsa eo tns l-evn '
ih t a t' r e so f o cl . b c u e h s e lrto r fe efs r ig.
).
Upo r vi w of t r cor t c !tc l s t t s h c lc e ss i t s c e.
n e e
he e d, he otr onc ude ha uc onfit xit n hi as
Acc di t Pa sdeca ai heha be nr sdi i Geo gi snc De mbe of2015 be or
or ng o ddy'
lr ton,
s e e i ng n
r a i e ce r
, f e
t i t nta ton wasfl a he i e t r m an t r f rt ne s ve a ye r . Pe e s s
he nsa c i
ed, nd ntnds o e i he e o he xt e r l a s
t r on'
pa ol r cor ha be n u t t r fec hi Geor a a e s a Geo g ai ome t sha
yr l e ds ve e pdaed o e l t s
gi ddr s , nd
r i nc
axe ve
be n wihhed fom Pe e s spa hec . Addii ly,a pe ha m os i
e t l r
t r on' yc ks
tona l nd r ps t mpora ty,Peeron
tn l t s
i r gi t e t vot i G e g a whi h r s a pr s l pton t the i a c tze oft tsa e. H a l
s e s er d o e n or i , c aies e tm i ha
s ii n ha t t
l,

201 U. Dit LEXI 83728,a #1 s e as Grfi v.M a t ws 31 F.Supp.3 ,343
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