Peterson v. Paddy

Filing 30

MEMORANDUM OPINION. Signed by District Judge Glen E. Conrad on 6/19/17. (hnw)

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I THE UNI N TED STATES DI STRI COURT CT FOR THE W ESTERN DI STRI OF VI CT RGW I A CHARLOTTESVI LLE DI SI VI ON ', N CLERK' OFFI U,S, ST. S CE DI COUIT R ATCHARL ESVIE,b j OU L ' b FI ED L JUN 1! 2 1 27 JULI . A BY: ' ' D L , cLE N Ax cY PETERSON ,CON SERV A TOR Fo R M A D AY LY N PETERSON , Ci lAc i No.3: 6CV00026 vi ton 1 Pl i if a ntf , M EM OM NDUM O PI ON NI I QEVI LEONARD PADDY, N H on. l n E.Corr d Ge la ChifUnie St t sDititJ ge e t d a e src ud De e n . f nda t Plitf Na c Pee s n,a c ns r ao f rM a ln Pee s n ($ d ln',fld t s anif n y tro s o e v tr o day tro ç ay ' e hi Ma ) di r iy aci n a i Ke n Leo r Paddy,M adayn' bi ogialf t r a s ri cam s o ve st to gan vi na d l s ol c ahe , s e t ng li f as a ta ba tr a i e i i lci ofe o i dites . Unbe wns t t pl i if s ul nd te y nd nt ntonal nfiton m tonal sr s kno t o he antf, Pa m o d fom Go dons le Vigi at Suwa e Ge gi s ve a m ont be or t aci n ddy ve r r vil , r ni o ne , or a e r l hs f e he to wa fld Pees nha no mo e t ta frv n u d r28U. C.j 1 6 a. Th moin s ie . tro s w v d o rnse e ue n e S. 40 () e to hasbe n f l bref d a i rpef diposton. Fo t r as nss tf t bel t c twil e uly i e nd s i or s ii r he e o e orh ow, he our l gr tt moton a ta f rt c et t Unied St t sDiti tCo tf t Norhe n Ditit an he i nd r ns e he as o he t a e src ur or he t r src o Ge g a Ata t Di son. f or i , l n a vii Backzround M adayn wasbo n t Pee s a Pa i Augus o 1 l r o tr on nd ddy n t f 994. Att ttme,Pee s a ha i tr on nd Pa r sded i Twe yni Pam s Ca ior a whe e Pa wass vng a a l nc c por i ddy e i n nt ne l , lf ni , r ddy er i s a e or al n t e Urtd Stts M aie Co . l Se tmb r o 1 9 ,M a ay s fe e mutp e ij re , h l e ae rn ms n pe e f 9 4 d ln u fr d lil nu is i i l ng s l f a tles w hie i Pa nc udi kul r c tr , l n ddy' c r . I J nua y of 1 s ae n a r 995, a ge r l co tm a ta ne a ur - r i l convit d Pa ce ddy of a s uli M a l s a tng da yn. As a r ul, Pa es t ddy w a s nt nc d t 1 m o hs s e e e o 8 nt ' i ionm e ,ha hi m iiar r nk r duc d,a wasdihonor bl dic r fo t M a i s mprs nt d s lt y n e e nd s a y s ha ged r m he rne . Pees n camst a M a ay i p nna e ty d sbld a ar s l o t eij re t ts tro li h t d ln s e n nl ia e s e ut f h nu is ha he s ti d asa i a ,a t ts i i a bl ofca i f herpr pe t o tans tng busnes . usa ne n nf nt nd ha he s nc pa e rng or o ry r r aci i s I Se e rof201 Pe e s wa a nt d asM a l sco e v t by apr t c t nt n pt mbe 2, t r on s ppoi e dayn' ns r a or oba e our i he St t ofComl tc ,wher Pee s n now r i . The c e v t r hi ha be n r ne d by t ae ec iut e tr o esdes ons r a o s p s e e we he pr t c t m uli eoc asons m os r ce l o Aprl1 201 obae our on tpl c i , t e nty n i 9, 7. ha i , t r o Pe e s fl d t i t ntaci n a i tPa o Aprl1 201 Att ttm e Pe e s n t ron ie he nsa to ga ns ddy n i 2, 6. bele d t t Pa ive ha ddy wa sil r i ng i Gor vil Vigi a Pe e s a lged i t s tl esdi n dons le, r ni . tr on le n he c pli t t Pa om a nt ha ddy çs a i vi la r i ntof Louia Count Vig ni r i ng a 9 t n ndi dua nd esde i s y, r i a, esdi t La rlOa Ct Go d n vle VA 2 9 2' Co l! 8 Do k t .1 Pres n frh ralg d u e k , r o s il, 24. ' mp . , c e No . tro u te le e t a tv e uei p o ri t sDititpzs a tt 2 U. C.j1 1 9( )'sn eçheDee a t h tG ln s r pe n hi src l u n o 8 S. g r 39 0 1, ic s 1 t fnd n r sd si Lo iaCo ny Vigna wh c flswihnt ej rs ito o ti c u t' 1 . t 1 . ei e n u s u t, r ii, ih al t i h u id cin f h s o r. d a ! 0 ' Pe e s se f rst s r e Pa a t a es i Gor vil w e et uc e s ul The t r on' f o t o e v ddy t he ddr s n dons le r ms c s f . a e si i agae commt t On M a 21 201 t pr s s r rG pokewih s cziy,' nd ddr s s n td miy. y , 6,he oce s e ve d s t e lrt 'a was a s t t Paddy C ks o oft dvied ha G wor ut own.' Afi of Due Dii nc Doc tN o.7. The ' fd. lge e, ke pr e ss r e wasf rhera s d t t( to poi t hous w a f s l 'b Pa tssilhe oc s e v r u t dvie ha t ne nt he a e s or ae' ut ddy ç tl t i o r' L- On May 23,201 a ma who a wee t doort t hous i Gor vil wne . d ' a 6, n ns rd he o he e n dons le a s d t pr e s s r ert thewasr ntng t hous fom Pa dvie he oc s e v ha e i he e r ddy,a t tPa m a be i nd ha ddy y n Geo g a r i. Pe e s s e nty s t r on ubs que l ubpoe e pa r l r or fom Pe e s s e oye . The na d y ol ec ds r t r on' mpl r pa ol r c ds ls Padd s a r s as 1 yr l e or i t y' dd e s 270 W a e V i w La ,Suwane Geo g a 30024. The tr e ne e, r i r c ds as i c t t tPa e or lo ndi ae ha ddy' tlng saus f r sae i m e t x pup os i C s ii tt o t t nco a es s C Si e,1' GA, ngl ,' a t tGe g ai m et esha be wihhe d fom Pa y' pa he ks. Pe s nd ha or i nco u ve en t l ' r dd s yc c r onala Che k nd c I onna i D oc tN o.7. nf ton, ke 2 Pe e s s e nty s r ed Pa att a e si Geo g a. On Se t t r on ubs que l e v ddy he ddr s n ri p embe 27,201 r 6, ni ha s e i nt Padd fl d a a wert t c y ie n ns o he ompl i . l hi a we ,Pa ant n s ns r ddy de ed t the i a r sde of Lo iaComt , r ii . Se Ans r!7(1 r s o et t ealg to sst o t i p r g a h8 u s t y Vign a e we $ n e p ns o h le ain e f rh n a a rp , t s e ha s tealg to aed nida dsrc p o fi de n e tlro ). He al o denid t tvenue i h l ains r e e n tit r o s ma d d l e f' e e p o e i ti dsrc . J a !8(ç r s o s t tealg to ss t o t i p rg a h 9a 1 , r p r n h s itit . t çn e p n e o h le ain e f rh n a a rp s nd 0 Z l ie t e alg to sae d ne a d src p o fi d ma e t ee . However,he never fl d a h le ain r e id n tit r o s e nd d h rof' ). m o i t dimi sorta f ront tba i. ton o s s r ns e ha ss On Ap i 1 2 7 Pa d mo e f rsl r j d me to te g o n t tVigni' rl 7, 01 , d y v d o l mma y u g n n h r u d ha r i as sa e oflm iai nsgover a ba t pl ntf ca ms l li bre i s t mt s i t to n nd r he ai ifs li . n ls i f n uppor o t moton, t f he i Pa ddy co me t the ç nfr d ha t now r sdes i Ge gi ' Br i Su ofM ot t Dimis and f e i n or a.' . n pp. .o s s or Slm m . .1 D oc tN o.1 l J , ke 7. I rs n e pons ,Pe e s a g d t tt c ts d e oy t saut of lm ia i of e t r on r ue ha he our houl mpl he t t es i ttons Caio ni whe e t alege wr ng oc r d,orGeo gi,whe e Pee s now r i s a t t lf r a, r he l d o cure r a r tr on esde , nd ha he ca mswoul bede r li d emedtmel unde t a i a esa u esi et rsat l t at r tve i y r he pplc bl t t t n ihe t e. n he le nai , Pe e s r quese t tt c tta f rt c e t Calf ni orGe r a. t r on e t d ha he our r ns e he as o ior a o gi Th r a tr Pees n fldt ei tn moin t ta se v n u d r2 U. C.j1 0 () ee fe , tro ie h nsa t to o r n fr e ue n e 8 S. 4 6a. Pee s a guest tve i i ope i t sditit snc Pa doesnotr i i Vigi aa tr on r ha nue s mpr r n hi src , i e ddy esde n r ni nd t a t co pl ne ofdi notoccl i t ssae. he c s m ai d d tr n hi t t On M a 25,201 Pa fl a bre i opposton t t m oto Conta y t hi y 7, ddy ied if n ii o he i n. rr o s a we ,i whi hhea fr ai l de e t tve i pr pe i t sditit Pa now mant i ns r n c fim tvey ni d ha nue s o r n hi src , ddy i ans t thei siladomi iir ofVigi a a t ttve ... ope l le i t W e t r Dititof ha s tl cla y r ni , nd ha l nue pr ry is n he se n src Vigi a.' Def' Br i Opp' 3,Doc tNo.26. I a ac ompanyi a fda t Pa y sa e r ni ' .s . n n ke n n c ng fi vi, dd tt s t th G eives i lk l ta ( )wil et' t Vigz ai a p o maey 34 y a s'a trh s ha e t le lq t iey h t he l rtun o r ii n p r xi tl - e r y fe i b l ' 3 grfind sy u g s c idg a u tsfo h g sho l P d yAfi !9 Do k t . 6. Paddy ilre ' o n et h l rd ae r m i h c o . a d fd. , c e No 2 alo i caest the silownst r sde e i Loui a Co t Vigi at ti c r nty bei s ndi t ha tl he e i nc n s un y, r ni ha s ure l ng r ntd,ha heownsno r alpr ry i Ge gi,t her t r t Vigi aonc am o h f wor e e t t e ope t n or a hat e u ns o r ni e nt or k oblga i and fe nty f s i lg he i ,a t the co i r Vigi a t be hi ho e i tons r que l or oc a at rngs nd ha nsde s r ni o s m s at t e. On Jme2,20l Pe e s fl d ar pl bre ,a o wih a ii na e de i s t 7, t r on e e y i f l ng t ddto l vi nce n uppor of t t pe ngm oton t ta f r Thea tonale de e i l svotrr co dsfom t Stt o he ndi i o r nse . ddii vi nc nc ude e e r r he ae f Ge gi whih i é t t tPadd r it r d t vot i t tsa eon J r r 20, 6, nd t thi or a, c ndi a e ha y eg se e o e n ha t t ama y 201 a ha s vot rr gi t a i r ai a tve. e e sr ton em ns c i Di c s on s us i Pees n' moin t ta se v n e i b o h pls n t 28U. C.j 1 0 () Un e tro s to o rn fr e u s rug t t ua t o r S. 4 6 a. d r t s sa ut i a ca e i br hi tt e, f s s oughti a dititwhe e ve n src r nue i C ong,'t ditit c tç hal sç wr ' he src our ç l s d s s , ri i b i t itrs o j sie ta se s c c s t a yd src o dviini whihi imis o ft e n he ne et f u tc ,r n fr u h a e o n itit r i so n c t c ul ha eb e b o g t' 2 U. C. 1 0 () Thep o so t ee o ea to ie ds s a o o d v e n r u h . 8 S. j 4 6 a . ' r viin h r fr uh rz s imis l r ta f ronl whe ve i l o 'i t f um i whi ht aci wa sl d. r ns e y n nue s i ng' n he or n wr c he ton s e (-hi q s i n - w he he ve i t o or Gm pr pe '- i ge r l gove e by 28 s s ue t o f t r nue s wr ng' i o r s ne aly m d U. C. 1 91' Al. ai eCo sr Co v. tdSae DitCo r,1 4 S Ct5 8 5 7( 01 ) S. j 3 . tM rn n t. . Uni tt s s. u t 3 . . 6 , 7 2 3 . ' e Tha p o iinsae t tda cvla to ma b b o g ti - ( )aj d ca d src i whc a y t r v so tts ha d q ii cin y e r u h n 1 u iil itit n ih n g d fn a trsd s i a1d fn a t aersd n so teS aei wl c t d src i l c td ()a e e d n e ie , f 1 ee d ns r e ie t f h tt n l h he itit s o ae ; 2 i j dca dsrc i wh c a s bsa t lpa to t e e e t o o s in gv n Hs t te cam u iil itit n ih u tni r f h v n s r miso s ii g e o h li a o c re . . o ( )i t r i nod src i wl c a a to ma oh r s b b o g t sp o ie c u rd . ; r 3 f hee s itit n l h n cin y t e wie e r u h a r vd d i i t i s cin a y j iildsrc i whih a y d fn n i s b e tt t c u tsp ro a n h s e to , n udca itit n c n ee da t s u j c o he o r' es n l j rs ito wihr s e tt s c a to ' 28U. C.j 3 ( ) Th , e v n ei c aln e u idcin t e p c o u h cin. ' S. 1 91b . us wh n e u s h le g d 4 u d rj1 6 a,û ec u t t ee i wh t e t ec s flswihno eo t tr ec tg re n e 40 () Sh o r mus d tnnne eh r h a e al ti n fhe h e ae o is t sto t nj1 91b . l i d e , e uei p o e ;f t o sn tv n i i rpe a dt ec s mu t e u i 3 ( ) ft o s v n s r p r ii d e o , e ue s mp o r n h a e s bedimisd o ta fredEq' At. ai 1 S.Ct a 577. s se r rnser .' lM rne, 34 .t I t sc e,i i I diput t tno oft a sgi ng rs t Pee s scli socc r d n hi as t s m s ed ha ne he ct vi ie o tr on' am ure i Vigni,a d tu t tt sd src i no te p o rv n u d rj 1 ()2 . I se d t e n r i a n h s ha hi itit s t h rpe e ue n e 391b () n t a , h pa tesdiput whehe Pa çesde 'i t sdititoradititi Ge gi,f pur e ofj ri s e t r ddy d i s' n hi src r src n or a or pos s 1 91b ( ) 3 ( )1 . Se to 1 91c p o ie t a,o v n ep r o e , nid vd a i û e me t rsd i t e cin 3 () r vd s h tf r e u u p s s a n i iu l s ç e d o e ie n h d j dca d sdc i wh c t tp ro i d mii d' 2 U. C.j1 91c . Esa ls i gd mii u iil it t n ih ha e s n s o cl . 8 S. 3 () tb ih n o cl e ' e E e r physc l pr s nce co e wih a i e t m a t St t a home. J s quies r i a e e , upld t n nt nt o ke he a e ' ohns v. ' on Ad a c Am.5 9F.d9 2 9 7n. (t Ci. 0 8 . Al o g a idviu lc nh v o l o e v n e , 4 3 3 , 3 2 4 h r 2 0 ) t u h n n i d a a a e ny n h dom iiea atm e heç a c ngehi do i l Cnsa l by tki up r s de ei a he sae c l t i , i y ha m s m cie i t nty a ng e i nc n not r t t wih t i e t r mai t r H ene d noti e t r ma npe ma nty a hi ne domi ie i t he nt nt o e n he e. e nt nd o e i r ne l t s w cl ; t ie s nough t the i e t m a t ne sa eli ho e a t theha no pr s nti en i of ha nt nds o ke he w tt ls m nd ha s e e nt ton g i eswh r .' S g n v. c n n Ge Ho p. I . 5 2 F.S p 2 5 9 58 ( . Va ong le e e' e e Bu ha a n. s . nc, 5 ' u p. d 7 , 3 W D. . 20 7 ( il ms J)(uoigGn l v Uni dS ae , 0 F. u p. 9 , 9 ( D. .1 9 ). 0 ) W li , . q tn mbel . t tts 9 4 S p 4 4 4 7 E. Va 9 5 ) n i e I de e ni whe e a i vi ua ç esde ' f r ve pu pos s ç ours c i r t n t nni ng r n ndi d l ' i s' o nue r e , G t onsde he r c s me f co s n a tr .a t y d i d tr nig giq ctz n hp f r p po e o dv riy o s he o n eemi n l s i e s i o u s s f ie st f l i ctz ns i . W rg t M ilr 1 D Fe . a . P o .l i. 38 (t e . 7 . S hf co s i e h p' ih & le, 4 d Prc & r c Jz s j 05 4h d 201 ) uc a t r i ' r i l nc ude,bu a e notlm ie t t i vi l s i r e r i nc vot r r gi taton a votng t r i t d o, he ndi dua ' t r nt esde e; e e s r i nd i cu pr tc s st of pe s na a r l pr pe t l t o of br r ge a bn a co mt ; ac i e ; ius r o l nd ea o ry; oca i n oke a nd nk c t s me mberhi i uni ns fa e na or ni tons c lc ,cl ,a ot r a s a i ;pl e of s p n o , r t r l ga za i , htr hes ubs nd he s ocitons ac e o nto busne s drve' lc ns a a omobiergitai gndjpa ntoft e . mplyme r i s ; i rs ie e nd ut l e srton; a yme u s' ' 5 Blo v.Lirr Cop. 1 2F. p .3 49 ,5 2 ( D. . . 1 ) s eas UDX.LLC v. om b a y r , 1 Su p d 8 0 N. W Va 20 5 ; e lo He v r 5 3 B. 51 ,51 ( . N. 2 5 (itn t e sme fco s. t u t d tr n a a ne, 3 R. 1 5 M D. C. 01 ) lsig h n a tr) G rs ee mie co pa t s dom iie on a c e by c e bass c i rng a 1oft cr um sa s s r t ng a ry' cl as as i, ons de i l he ic t nce uro mdi n i vi lssma i ' Bl ,11 F.Supp. a 502. W hieno sngl f c ori dee mi tve, ndi dua ' i ton. ' oom 2 3d t l i e a t s tr na i s ef t sc lym or we g t n o he s I l i tnc , hesa ei whih a i vi li om acor a' r e i ht ha t r . d. Tor nsa e t t t n c n ndi dua s r gitr d t vot r ies a pr s pto t tt i i duali a ctze oft t sa e' Hal v. e se e o e a s e um i n ha he nd vi s ii n ha t t .' l Ne t n No 5:4-v 0 0 2 2 5 U. Dit LEXI 8 7 8 a *1 ( . Va Jme2 ,20 5 sma , . 1 c - 0 6 , 01 S. s. S 3 2 , t 2 W D. . t 9 1 ) ( b ns iJ)(nena ctto o te ) s eas Blo 1 2F. u p. da 5 3(mp a iigt a Ur a k , . itr l iain mitd ; e lo o m, 1 S p 3 t 0 e h szn h t . ç o rs h ve f t a pat s v trr gsrto ...t b o pat ua i o tn e' (ne n l l u t a omd c ry' oe e itain o e f ri lr mp ra c ' itr a c ) ctto o te ) F rh nno e a pat ' o sae n s o hs itn e d miie ae G o iains mitd . u te r, ry s wn ttme t f i n e d d o cl r d t n c l i 'a a et ntte t ltl we ghtwheni c lc wih t f t ' W e v. a 361 onc usve' nd r l ild o ite i e n onfit t he acs. ' bb Nol n, F. u p. 8 4 ( . N. 1 7 ) afd 48 F.d 1 4 ( t Ci. 9 3 ;s eas M oi o Val S p 41 , 21 M D. C. 9 2 , f , 4 2 0 9 4h r 1 7 ) e lo ln s le De Ci o C. o A. Ln , 3 F.d 1 3 ,1 4 ( 1h Ci. 01 )(ç u t g neal gv ltl 1 ba . p r v. ma 6 3 3 3 0 3 2 1 t r 2 1 E rs e rly ie it co e weg t oap ry sp ofsi no d miie. . e a s t e ed ca ainsa eo tns l-evn ' ih t a t' r e so f o cl . b c u e h s e lrto r fe efs r ig. ). Upo r vi w of t r cor t c !tc l s t t s h c lc e ss i t s c e. n e e he e d, he otr onc ude ha uc onfit xit n hi as Acc di t Pa sdeca ai heha be nr sdi i Geo gi snc De mbe of2015 be or or ng o ddy' lr ton, s e e i ng n r a i e ce r , f e t i t nta ton wasfl a he i e t r m an t r f rt ne s ve a ye r . Pe e s s he nsa c i ed, nd ntnds o e i he e o he xt e r l a s t r on' pa ol r cor ha be n u t t r fec hi Geor a a e s a Geo g ai ome t sha yr l e ds ve e pdaed o e l t s gi ddr s , nd r i nc axe ve be n wihhed fom Pe e s spa hec . Addii ly,a pe ha m os i e t l r t r on' yc ks tona l nd r ps t mpora ty,Peeron tn l t s i r gi t e t vot i G e g a whi h r s a pr s l pton t the i a c tze oft tsa e. H a l s e s er d o e n or i , c aies e tm i ha s ii n ha t t l, 201 U. Dit LEXI 83728,a #1 s e as Grfi v.M a t ws 31 F.Supp.3 ,343 5 S. s . S t 2; e lo ifn the , 0 41 ( . N. 1 6 ) Ev nwi u s hp e u to , we e, tro svoe r gsrto wo l M D. C. 9 9 . e t t uc rs mp in ho v r Pee s n' tr e itain u d ho silc ry co i r bl we g ,e pe a l i lg oft a i a evotrr r m e s Se e. , tl a r nsde a e i ht s cily n i ht he pplc bl e equie nt . es g. 6 Lt q itv. e iinValy Av ai m I c, 4 F. 8 1 ( s Ci. 9 1 (bs r ig b s do md u s Prcso le ito n .9 6 2d , 2 1 t r 1 9 ) o e vn , a e n t a i a eNe Hn hiesaut ,t tt co tt e e t ih no s h pr umpto t a ee he pplc bl w mps r t t e ha he ur ç d sabls ne uc es i n o gr t tLt q itsv t r gsrto c risweg f). By sau e a idviu l sn teiil t ha md us' oi e itain are ih ng ttt, n n i d a i o lgbe o v t i Ge r i l e sh i aG iie o g o ga a d o t eUntd S ae , a daçe i e to o e n o g a l s e s ç tz n f Ge r i) n f h ie tts' n ç sd n f nl c ' r ( o ga a d o te c u t o mu ii aiy i wh c h ... e k t v t. Ga Co eAn j Ge r i) n f h o n y r ncp lt n ih e s e s o o e' . d n. ' 212 21 () Fo p r s so t esaesv tn rq ie n s dth rsd nc o a ypes ns l - - 6 a . r u po e f h tt ' o ig e ur me t,i q e e ie e f n ro hal g behel t bei t tpl ei whih s h pe s sha t ton i txe wiho a pr s n i e to d o n ha ac n c uc r on' bia i s i d, t ut ny e e t nt n i n o rmo n t rfo ' Ga Co eAn .j212 21 Gi e t s sau o yp o iins Pa d s f e vig heer m. ' . d n - - 7. v n he e ttt r r v so , d y' v tr e itaini da tmo n t arp e e tto o ( o ga d miiet v tngo fcas'a d o e r gsrto s d nn u to e r s nain f Ge r ij o cl o oi fiily n t ' c tmt st i fc ntcoun e valng e de ofi e t r m an' i Geor a. Lt ons i e i gnii a s t r ii vi nce ntnt o e i ' n gi mdguit 946 s, F. a 1 13. 2d t 2- Ba e o t ef rg i e d n e t c u t fo d ltl weg tot es b e tv sae n s s d n h o e ong vie c ,he o r af r s it ih t h u jcie ttme t e i Pa d src n afd vt Alh u ht ee i s me o j ciee d n et s p r t ea s rin n d y' e e t fi a i. t o g h r s o b e tv vie c o u po t h seto t the r m ansa domi iir ofVigi a,i l ng t f c t the co i ha e i cla y r ni ncudi he a t ha ntnuest own a hom e i o n Lo s Co mt t gr trwe gh oft e de e s uia t y, he eae i t he vi nc upporst pl ntf poston o t sis . t he ai ifs ii n hi s ue I sl ,gi n t s cik cr umsa e pr s nt i t sc s ,a c i rngt e de ei is n tm ve he pe f ic t nc s e e ed n hi a e nd onsde i he vi nc n t e ie y,t c tc l s t tPa y c nge hi domi ie t Ge gi be or t sa ton wa ntr t he our onc ude ha dd ha d s cl o or a f e hi c i s fld a dt a v nu i t rf r i r p rt e j1 91b ( ) e , n h t e e s heeo e mp o e md r 3 ( )1 . Ra he t n dimi sng t c e f i ope ve t r ha s s i he as or mpr r nue,t c tfndst tt i e e tof he our i ha he nt r s j tc wo dbes r edbyta fri t c et adititi whih i c dha be nbr usie ul ev rnserng he as o src n c t oul ve e ought i tal Se 28 U. C.j 1 a. l lgh oft c tsc l i t tPaddy Sesde' i niily. e S. 406() n i t he our' oncuson ha ç i s' n r Ge r i f r p p o e o j 1 91b ( ) n sn e Ge r i wo l be mo e c n ne t ta o g a o u ss f 3 ( )1 ,a d ic o g a ud r o ve in h n Calf n af bot sdes t c t l e r ieisdic e i t ta f rt c et t a o it ior i or h i , he our wil xe cs t s r ton o r ns e he as o he ppr pra e f der lco ti Ge gi e a ur n or a. C oncl on usi Fort r as sa e t c twilgr ntPee s smoton t ta f rve he e ons tt d, he our l a t r on' i o r nse nue. The c s ae wilbeta f r e t t Unied St t Diti Cour f t Norhe n DititofGeo gi ,Ata a l r nse r d o he t aes srct t or he t r src r a lnt Di so Ea h sdei t be isown c t,e ns ,a a t ne f e i uredher i t da e vii n. c i s o ar t os s xpe es nd tor ys' e s nc r en o t . Al o he pendi motonsa e lf t t dic e i oft ta f r eco t 1t r ng i r e t o he s r ton he r nse e ur. TheClr i die tdt sndc e oft sme r ndum o nin a, t ac ompan ng ek s r ce o e opis hi mo a pi o 11 he c 1 yi or e t a lc d r o l ouns lofr co d. e e r t D ATED : s l da ofJme, 2017. Thi ql y . Chi fUnied St t DititJ e t aes src udge 8

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