Crawford et al v. Senex Law, P.C.

Filing 85

MEMORANDUM OPINION. Signed by District Judge Glen E. Conrad on 11/7/17. (jcj)

CLERK' OFFI E U. . ST COURT
S
C s DI .
AT > œ ,
VA
FI
LED

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7

I THE UN I
N
TED STATES DI
STRI COURT
CT
FOR THE W ESTERN DI
STRI OF VI NI
CT
RGI A
CHARLOTTESVI
LLE DI SI
VI ON
TERICRAW FOM ,GARRY BROW N,
LY DI G REEN ,
A
LORETTA PENNI
NGTON,a
nd
PA TR I A SA UN DER S,
CI
i vi ly a on be fofa ls m ia l
ndi dua l nd
hal
l i lry
st a e i vi s
iu t d ndi dual,

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U
BY;

DL

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L
ERK

Ci lA c i n N o.3: 6- - 73
vi to
1 CV 000

M EM OM NDUM OPI ON
NI

Pl i if ,
antfs
By:Ho Gl n E. lad
n. e Cozr
Unie Stt Diti tJ
t d a es src udge
SEN EX LAW , C.
P. ,

Def nda .
e nt

Thsa to u e t FarDe tCo lcin Pr cie Ac,1 U. C.j 1 9 e s q (he
i cin nd r he i b le to a tc s t 5 S.
6 2 t e.t

'
I
FDCPA',i c re ty b f r t ec u to d fnd n ' mo in f rj d me to t pla ig .
' s u rn l eo e h o r n ee a ts to o u g n n he e dn s
)
Fo t r as saed be ow,t moton wilbede e
r he e ons t t
l
he i
l
ni d.
Backcround

The f l ng f c s a e tke f o t pl ntfs ame
olowi
a t r a n r m he ai if '
nded c
ompl i a we e
ant nd r
pr vi l s t f t i t c ts me or ndum opi on de ng t de e nts moton t
e ousy e orh n he our'
m a
ni
nyi he f nda '
i o
di m i s Se Cr w f d v. Se x La .P. ,N o. 3: 6- s s . e a or
ne
w
C.
1 CV 00073, 201 W L 1743880, a *1
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t

( . Va M a 3 20 7 .W heea p o rae ti s mmayoftefcsas icud salg to s
W D. . y , 1 )
r p r p it,h s u r h a t lo n l e le ain
fo t de e ntsverfed a wer
r m he f nda ' ii ns .

Th d f n a t Se e La P. (çe e ',i a lw 51 i Hn t n Vigni,t a
e ee d n , n x w, C. t n x' s a 7 n mp o , r i a h t
S
)
m
a sss ln lr s wih c l ci o ed rn fo tna t. Am.Co l !( 0 1 S n x
sit a d od t ol t v r ue e t r m e n s
e ng
mp . ( 1 , 3. e e
!
adve ts is l t lndl ds a a C
ries te f o a or s t sop s p' t t bot pr pa es a s nds Notc s of
one t ho ' ha
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ie

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ompla t c ' G i s' o ena s
Not
No
)
we e nd ae e s nd e e e s he

ln lr si lws isa ans tn n s I ! 1 .
a do d n a ut g i t e a t. d. 5

CLERK

Ea h oft nn e pli tf slve i apr pe t m a ed by a lndl d who had r t i
c
he m d a n if i d n
o ry nag
a or
e aned

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e x o sue tc s o e a t o a ald o y e t e ue - . c a d
i
pli if r c ve a Notc prn ed on hi or he l ndl d' ltehe d a a fxe wih t
antf e ei d
ie it
s
r a or s e tr a nd fi d t he

ln lr see to i sg au e I ! 1 .TheNoiea vs d. e tn n o tea u to d t
a do d' lcr n c in t r. d. 9
tc d ie t e a t f h mo n we o
h
t lndl d,i l ng a la t$27 i a t ne s f e ,a sa e t tt lndl r ha C e aned
he a or ncudi t e s
n tor y' e s nd t t d ha he a o d d & t i
r
1

Se x La PC a t ha ar dy dr fed t sno i a pr vi d l ga ad cedue t yo l
ne w,
nd hey ve lea
a t hi tce nd o de e l vi
o tr

no o la c . J ! 1 ,21 Am.Co .Ex.A. Th Noie drce t tna tt snd
nc mp in e' . ! 8 ; ' mpl
' Z
e tc ie td he e n o e
pa ntt t l ndl d a pr ded t lndl r sa e sa t lphonent nbe a t t o
yme o he a or nd ovi he a o d' ddr s nd e e
u r t he op f
t Notc Am .Co pl Ex. .TheN o i wa ned t t i t t na ' l or di notr c ve
he i e.
m . A
tce r
ha , f he e nts andl d d
e ei
pa e of t r a l t f e wihi fve da of t da e t N o i was r c i d, G n
ym nt he ent nd ae e
t n i
ys
he t he tce
e e ve t
a
Unlwf lDeane o ot r lw s tm a be fl d agans you a you wilbe a rs ofl i
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ie
i t
nd
l
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osng

p s e so o y u p o ry a do h vngaj d me te tr da an ty u . .' Ja Th rtr
o s sin f o r r pe t n /r a i u g n ne e g is o . . # . e eu n
'
a r s o t e l pe lse 'he l ndl d' na e butSene s a es i Hn pt n,Vig ni
dd e s n he nve o it d t a or s m ,
x' ddr s n m o
r i a.

S e ea. Am.Co l ! 1 ,3 . S v rlo te tn n sr c ie t i No ie i e v lpe
e. .,
mp . ! 9 9 e ea f h e a t e ev d her tc s n n eo s

sn e wihapo tl tto idc t g d lv r fo Hn o Vign a Se i . 1 .I t
tmp d t
sa noain n iai ei ey ' m mptn, r ii . e d ! 9 f he
n
r
t na di no pa t lndl d wihi a utone m on h a tr r cevi t N o i e t n Se x
e nt d t y he a or t n bo
t fe e i ng he tc , he ne

wo l i iit a t a u d t ie a t n a ans t tna t S e eg,d. 7
ud ntae n mlwf l ean r ci g i the e n . e . ..i ! 6.
o
Bas d on t na e pl i if e r e es t c pl i a l ges t t Se x us t
e
he m d a ntf s' xpe i nc , he om a nt le
ha ne
es he

f l ngpr e st sndNotc : ( )alndor s ndsSe als o ac ount wih alege y
olowi oc s o e
ies 1 a l d e
nex it f c s t l dl
ovedue rnt ( Se x prpaesNotc s on t lndl d' lter a ( Se x atxest
r
e ; 2) ne e r
ie
he a or s e t he d; 3) ne fi he

ln lr ' ee o i sg au e t e c Noie a d ( ) Se e p it a d s n s te No ie
a d o d s ldr no i n tr o a h tc ; n 4 n x rns n e d h
tc s
diecl t t tnans l !1 Plitfs c tnd t tt s pr s e tbls s t t Sene
r ty o he e t. d. 7. anif one ha hi oce s sa ihe ha
x
ope a e as a de c l c or w he i s nds t N otc s and t r f e,t Se x m us i ntf
rts
bt ole t
n te
he
ie ,
he e or hat ne
t de iy

is l a a de c l c o a dic os i t Notc sc ti i or ton r quie by t FDCPA.
t ef s
bt ole t r nd s l e n he i e eran nf ma i e r d
he
/

1 .! 1 ,1 8 Plitfsa sr t a S n x i tn in ly fist i ld t erq ie ds l sle
d ! 8 6 . an if se t h t e e ne to al al o ncu e h e u rd ico t s
r
whe i snd teNo ie .I ! 1 3
n t e s h tc s d. 7 .
l is ve i d a we ,t de e ntelbor e on t f - tp pr e s i ntfed i t
n t rse ns r he f nda a ats
he ourse oc s de ii n he
a e d co pl nt The de e nta s rst tSe x colabo at wih e h l dl d t pr pa e
m nde m ai .
f nda s e t ha ne
l r es t ac r or o e r

aNoietmplt. Ve i dAn we ! 1 . W h n aln lr rq e t ta Se e is eaNoie
t e ae rse s r 7
c
e a do d e u ss h t n x su
tc ,
Se x a s r s t ti a yz t l s a t r l van l w t g r t a t nan - pe i i Notc
ne s e t ha t nal es he ea e nd he e e t a o ene a e e t s c fc
i e.

1 . Ea h lte icu e ac a g f rlg ls r ie S ne p o d st teln lr J s g . A
d c elr n ld s h r e o e a e vc s e x r vie o h a do d. - j21
I
1
lndl d r pr s nt tve t n e e toni a l sg t Notc t r by s a i t r pe t of
a or e e e a i he l cr c ly i ns he
ie, he e we rng mde naly

pejly t tt Noie c nan tu a c re t f cs a d t a t e ln l r p se s s t
rt ha he tc o ti s r e nd o rc a t n h t h a d o d o s se he
r
n c say d c me t t s bsa taetef csi teNoie 1 . g 9 Fial Se e p it a d
e e s r o u ns o u tnit h a t n h tc . d j 1 . n l n x rns n
y,
mal t eNoie a t edr ci no teln lr s 1 . 1 .
is h t s t h ie to f h a d od . d ! 7
c
De e nt m ant i t t l he c e ton a a o l of ea h i vi
f nda
i ans ha %
t r a i nd ppr va
c ndi dual N o i of
tce
N o ompla e i a l ng, c lbor tve pr e s be we n Se x Law a l ndl ds whe e
nc
i nc s o
ola ai
oc s t e
ne
nd a or
r
lndl dsm a e r de ii a Se x La si l m e tc it s el ofpr vi ng l ga
a or
ke ve y c son nd ne
w' nvove n onsss ol y
o di e l

a c r ga di compla e wih a i a e 1 a t m i s e ilt s ofprntng,f di
dvie e r ng
i nc t pplc bl aw nd he nit ra a ks
i i ol ng,

a d mal t Noie . -s( . Th d f n a tc ne d st a ço g' ual me nsç fw
n ing he tc s' t !20 e e e d n o e e h t ç n 'us l a t e
i
'J
l
l
y
a
ho ls' I Acc di t t de e nt is a rii i cai Se x pr pa e t N o i s
tr . d.
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or ng o he f nda , t dve tsng ndi tng ne e r s he tce
pr de o y ç ge r l s a e e t of a l bl s r i es' a e h l ndl d sgns a de aied
ovi s nl : ne a t t m n
a
vaia e e v c ,' nd ac a or i
t l

e ge n lte t touti st a t s r iè t ber rd.I ! 1
nga me t e tr ha lne he cual e vc s o endee d. 5.
PtoceduralH i orv
st

O n O c o r 5,2016,pl ntf s fl d a one co m t co pl nt ag ns Se x,aleg ng t t
t be
ai i f ie
- t
m ai
ai t ne
l i ha

Se x ope ae a a de c lc orbutf is t ma c ran sa ut iy-e r d dicos e i
ne
rts s
bt ole t
al o ke e ti t t orl r quie s l ur s n

vo ai n o t f l wig p o iinso t F
ilto f he ol n r v so f he DCPA: () j 1 9 d prhiiig h r sme to
o
1 6 2 , o btn a as n r
a u e i t c lcin o d b ; ( ) j1 9 e p o iiig t e us o fle o mila i
b s n he ol to f e t 2
e
6 2 , r hbtn h e f as r se dng
rp e e tto s a ()j 1 9 g r q iig c ran if r to a u t v ldt o te d b t
e r s nain ; nd 3 6 2 , e urn e ti n o main bo t he aiiy f h e t o
be i
ndud i de e l o c
ed n bt oledi n ommunia i ns. The tve name pl i if a s r que t d
c to
i
d antfs l o e s e

c riiain o a ca so p e e ta df r rtn n so rsd n il o risl c td t Vigna
e t c to f ls f r sn n o me e a t f e ie ta prpe t o ae n r ii
f
e
whos lndlr havee age Se x t f c lt t t c l to ofove due r nt
e a o ds
ng d ne o a iiae he oleci n
r
e .
On De e be 21 201 t de e ntmove t dimi st org na c
c m r , 6, he f nda
d o s s he i i l ompl i f rf iur
ant o a l e

t saeacam u o wh c rle ma b g a td, l s a tt Rul 1 b ( )o t Fe ea Ru e
o tt li p n ih eif y e r ne pz u n o e 2( )6 f he d r l ls
r
ofCi lPr edu e. The c ztde ed t moton,r lng t tt pl ntfsha plusbl al ge
vi oc r
otr ni he
i u i ha he ai if d a i y le d

t tSe x i a de c l t whe is ng N oi eg a t r f r ,t tt a e e of c rai
ha ne s
bt olecor
n s ui
tc , nd he e o e ha he bs nc
et n
di cos e i t Notc vi a e t FD CPA.
s l ur s n he ies ol t s he
On M a 8,201 pli if fld a a nde co pl nt whih i i ntc lt t orgna
y
7, antfs ie n me d m ai , c s de i a o he i i l
co pl ntw ih t e e i oft a da nt c a e. I r s ns on J 28,201 de e nt
m ai
t he xc pton he d m un l us n e po e, une
7, f nda

fld isve ii d a we .
ie t rfe ns r

On J l 2 ,2 7 t ed fnd n mo d frj d me to tepla ig a d f rasa o
u y 7 01 , h ee a t ve o u g n n h e dn s n o ty f
dicove y. The pli if t n moved t c
s r
antfs he
o ompe c ran dic r A fe a he rng on t
l e ti s ove y. tr
ai
he
dico r m o i ,t c r sa dico r i pa ta gr nt t m o i t co pe i pa t
s ve y tons he ou t t yed s ve y n r nd a qd he ton o m l n r.
Dic r r m ansope a t la lt buti saye a t da ag .
s ove y e i
n s o i biiy,
s t d s o m es

Th c u th l a spaae h a ig O t e moin f rj dg n o t e p e dng o
e o r ed e rt e rn n h
to o u me t n h la i s n
Ocoàe 6, '7.Themateri now f lybrefda rpef rviw.
t r 201
t s
' l i e nd i or e e
u
St
andard ofR evi w
e

Th c u trviws a moin f rj d me to te p e dng u d r Ru e 1 c o t
e or e e
to o u g n n h la i s n e l 2() f he
Fe r Rul s of Ci l Pr e e usng t s m e s a r f r vi w i a m o i n t di m i s
de al e
vi oc dm
i he a
t nda d or e e ng
to o s s

4

t e Rue 1 b () P
md r l 2( )6 . ETA v U. De t o Aci. 8 F.d 5 2 5 6 ( t Ci.2 7 .
. S. p' f rc, 61 3 0 , 0 4h r 01 )
Ac o dn l t c u t y g a taRue 1 ()moin o y Gf a tra c p ig a1welpla e
c r igy,he o r ma rn
l 2 c to nl t , fe c e tn l l- e d d
i
al ga i i t pl i ipscompli tastue a dr wi a 1r as bl f c ua i e e esfom
le tons n he antf
an
r nd a ng 1 e ona e a t l nf r nc r
t e f t i t pli ips f vor i a ar c ran t t pl ntf ca
hos ac s n he antf a , t ppe s e ti hat he ai if nnotpr a s tof
ove ny e

fcsi s p o to hi cam e t l g h m t rle. 1 (nen lq o ai n makso te )
a t n u p r f s li ni i i o eif' d. itr a u tto r mi d ;
tn
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l
s eas BelAt.Co .v Two l ,5 0 U. 5 4 5 5 5 0 ( 0 7 (e uiig ac mpan t
e lo l l p . mb y 5 S. 4 , 5 , 7 2 0 ) rq rn
o li t p
/ont n f c ss t i tç o r ie arg t r ifa
c ai a t ufk en ' a s i ht o ele bovet s c a i l vel'a t ç t t ac am
t
he pe ul tve e ' nd o s ae l i
s

t rle t t sp a sbeo isfc ' .
o eif ha i lu i l n t a e'
)
l c
n onduc i t s a l i , a di t i t c ' m a c i r t c pl i , t a w e ,
tng hi na ys s
s rc oul
t y ons de he om a nt he ns r

matr o p b i rc r e hbist t p e dn s a de h bt t t eRul 1 ()moint a ae
tes f u lc e o d, x i t o he la ig , n x i is o h
e 2 c to h t r
i eg a t t co ai a a he tc a syv.Oinit 75 F. 343,347- ( h Ci. 4)
nt r l o he mpl nt nd ut ni.M se
a i, 9 3d
48 4t r 201 4

Fe R. v. 1 ()($ c p o awrte isr me tt a i ale hb t oape dn i apato
d. Ci P. 0 c ç o y f itn n tu n h t s l x ii t la ig s r f
A
t e pe dn f ralp r o e . Ho v r Sfo te p r o e o t s moin ( d fn a t
h la ig o l u p s s'
). we e, û l r h u p s s f hi to t ee d n)
g
he
c nnotr l on alegai ns off c c ai d onl i t a we ...be aus Pli if we e not
n
ey
l to
a t ont ne
y n he ns r
c e a ntfs r

r q ie t rp y t g ) a s r a d al alg to s i te a we a e d e d d nid.
e ur d o e l o t n we , n l le ain n h ns r r e me e e '
he
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Alx n e v. t o Gr e s r ,8 1F. u p. d4 9 4 3 ( . N. 2 1; e F d R. v.
e a d r Ci f e n boo 0 S p 2 2 , 3 M D. C. 01 ) s e e . Ci P.
y
8b () (l a rs o sv pla ig i n t r q rd a alg to i c nsd rd d ne o
()6 ç f e p n ie e dn s o e uie , n le ain s o i ee e id r
ç
a od d.
v ie '
).

E hl t (j u ta k o e g st a amoin f rj d me to t ep e dng i n ta
i ie he co r c n wld e h t to o u g n n h la i s s o n
W
opporl iy t r -ii t is r ied and de i d i a moton t dim is t Fede a Rul s do
t t o e ltgae s ues a s
m
c de n
i o s s , he
rl e

n tfal b ra d fnd n fo a srig a Ru e 1 ()moin f rj g n o t e p e dng
o lty a ee a t r m se t
n
l 2 c to o ud me t n h la i s
smp y b c us he o s e p e o sy a s re a Ru e 1 b ( )moin t d s s . Bur v.
i l ea e
r h rviu l s e td
l 2()6 to : imis'
' ke
Nai n trM o t.LLC,No.3:4 3 201 W L 4 31 0 ,a * ( D.Va Aug 9 2 6
to sa rg
1 CV8 7, 6
2 7 5 t 5 E.
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(uoigEse v Ci o So re. , CI A.1 - 8 q tn tp . t f mes t Ky.No. V. 0 2 6AR1, 01 W L 8 5 4 , t* ( D.
y
2 1
4 8 7 a 2 E.

Ky M a.8 2 1)(leain a i tr lq o ain mak o te ) F rh nno e çti wel
. r , 01 ) atr t s nd nena u tto r s mitd . u te r , t s l
o
i
s tldt a ted nilo amo int ds s r manss b e tt rc nsd rto u tl h gq u t
et h t h e a f to o imis e i u j c o e o i eain ni t e co r
e
e tr fn lu g n i t ec s . I a * (n ena q o ai nmakso te )
n e s a j d me tn h a e' d. t 6 itr l u tto r mi d .
'
t
D i c s on
s us i

çfhe FDCPA pr e t co lm e s fo a i a de e i pr c i s by de
s'
ot cs nsl r r m busve nd c ptve a tce
bt
cole t s a pr t c sno a i de c l c o s fo c
l cor , nd o e t n- busve bt ole t r r m ompeii dia nt ge. Ya ne v.
ttve s dva a ' r y
'

Oc n Lo n S r . LLC,9 F.S p 2 5 9 5 ( . Va 2 3 ( o n J)(iigUntd
we a e vs
29 u p. d 6 , 75 W D. . 01 ) M o , . ctn ie
Sae v.Na ' Fi S r s.l c,9 F.d 1 ,1 ( t Ci.1 9 ). Th p anif alg
tts
tl n. e v . n . 8 3 31 35 4h r 9 6 )
e litfs le e
vi ai ofFDCPA pr so t ta y onl t a d btcol t ,'a de d i 1 U. C.
oltons
ovii ns ha ppl
y o s
de
lecor' s fne n 5 S.

j1 9 a 6 , o c mmisc ran t a u a t Sn c n e to wi t ec lcin o a y d b .
6 2 () wh o t e ti mlwf l cs û o n cin t h ol to f n e t'
i
h
e
'
1 U. C.jj16 169 1
5 S.
92d, 2e, 692g.

l mo n f r u g n o t ep e dng , h d fn a tc n e d t tS ne i no ade t
n vig o j d me t n h la i s t e e e d n o tn s ha e x s t b
colec o be a e i a s as a age t o t lnd or n n t a t fce o e oye ' e m pt
l t r c us t ct
n n f he a l ds ki o n G i r r mpl e' xe
of

u d r 1 U. C.j 1 9 a6 ( fo te FDCPA' r q ie n s Alen tv l te d fnd n
n e 5 S.
6 2 ( )A) r m h
S e urme t. tr aiey, h ee a t
c e t tSe x i n0 c l c i de a t Notc s sage butr t rpr di l la c
ont nds ha ne s t ole tng bt t he i e t ,
ahe ovi ng ega dvi e
a mi se i s l c st t l ndl dsw c t te c Notc r m anst a toft l ndl d f r
nd nit ral ewi e o he a or
h ha a h
ie e i he c
he a or o
whih i wass nt De enda f rhe c am s a am a troflw,t te c Notc c tt est
c t
e . f nt u t r l i , s
te
a ha a h
i e onsiut he
,

#

a tofal z l d be us oft lgale f toft l or sel toni sgnat eon t Notce
c
ald or ca e he e
fec he andl d ecr c i ur
he i .

A s de f om bei vr i tons o a g e sr i e i s
i r
ng
ai
n r um nt a s d n uppo to t de e nt s m o i t
r f he f nda ' ton o

dimis t a gl e s r ie i s
s s , he r lm nt a s d n uppor of t i t nt m o i do not de onsr t t t t
t
he nsa
ton
m tae ha he
pl ntf sc nn pr a s to f t e ilng t m t r le The c 'fndst de e nts
ai if a ot ove ny e f acs ntti he o e if
ouz i
t
he f nda '
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