Mya Saray, LLC v. Dabes

Filing 36

MEMORANDUM OPINION. Signed by Senior Judge Glen E. Conrad on 3/5/18. (hnw)

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ct arsoy l ts DlTcousr E FcE$ s . A R A dx ,A T o N iv FI ED L I THE UN I N TED STATES DI STRI COURT CT FO R TH E W ESTEM DI STRI O F V I GI I CT R NA CH AM OTTESV I LLE D I I ON V SI MAq 25 2 1 22 J L c. DL M CL u .é DU E 1 ERK B :H E C E K Y D. LSm P R M Y A SA M Y ,LLC , Pl i if a ntf , Ci lA c i N o.3: 7CV 0001 vi ton 1 6 M EM O M N D UM O PIN IO N DM ES,I BM H I dba M DABESEGYPTI I PORTS, AN M By: on.Gl n E.Corr d H e la Se o Unie Stt sDititJ ni r t d a e src udge Dee n . f nda t M y Saa ,LLC (ç y Saa ' fld ti a to a an tI rhm Da s ar sd n o a ry ç a ry' ie h s cin g is b a i be , ei e t f M ) Ge ny,as e t f de a c a m sunde t Ln m A c , he Pa e A c ,a t CopyrghtA c , nna s ri e r l l i ng r he nha tt t nt t nd he i t al ar lt d cli unde Vigi a lw. Thedef nda ha move t dim ist c e f rl k of fd ea e am r r ni a e nt s d o s s he as o ac pes na jzidci na i r pe v n eo ,i teatr aie t ta frtec s t t eCe ta ro ll s ito nd mp o r e u r n h len tv ,o rnse h ae o h nr l r Di t i t of Ca iom i . The m o i n has bee f l bre e a i rpe f de ii n. por tw s rc lf a to n uly if d nd s i or c so 1 , j f l wigra o , h d fn a tsmoin wilb d ne i pata dd nid wih u prj d c i ol n e s ns t e ee d n ' to l e e id n r n e e to t eu ie n o part . Backcround M ya Sa ay i a lm ie la lt c m pa ba e i St r i V i gi a t tm a ac ur s r s i t d i biiy o ny s d n e lng, r ni ha nuf t e a d srbuts t ba c pr t,i l i hooka a hooka a e s re . M ya Sa a s l nd iti e o c o oduc s ncudng hs nd h cc s o is r y els t hoo h pr t nai nal u rs ve a r gitr d ta m a ks i udi t G YA'm a k. he ka oduc s to ly nde e r l e se e r de r , ncl ng he I M ' r Compl! 5 DktNo.1 Thec ny as o anlmbe ofhooka r ltdpae s a welas . , . . ompa lo wns z r h-eae tnt, s l a f de a l r i t r d co i tf c r a n pr e r ly eg s e e pyr gh or e t i oduc pa ka ng. t c gi :Thecour hasde e ne t tor la gumentwoul no ai t decii pr sa t stme. t t nui d ha a r d t d he sonal oces t hi i I t i t n a i M ya Sa ay cai t tI n m Da sma ,s ls ofe sf rs l , n he nsa t cton, r l ms ha br hi be kes e l, f r o a e a e r s pr nd xpo t oduc s t ti rnge is tade a ks pa e s a coppi . Da i a r sde tof t' ha nf i t r m r , t nt , nd ght bes s e i n Gema y He i t e mao iy o ro Da e Eg pin I o t,a fmi b sn s b s d i r n. s h j rt wne f b s y ta mp rs a l u ie s a e n y Augs g Gen bur , lnany t t ma s a s l hooka pr t . M ya Sa a a lge t t s m e of ha ke nd els h oduc s r y le s ha o D a s pr be ' oduc s i l ng t e br nded w ih t na e G M Y ,' Ci rnge M ya Sa a s t , nc udi hos a t he m W ' &nf i r y' i tle t a p o ry'a d ç r k o n l ce td (n o d rd t b ce t d by (lfnd n nelcu l rpet' n i e n wig y rae a d r e e o e r ae ) d e e a t we frt p r o eo k wi l i n igM y Saa sitle t a p o e t rg t. Co l! 1 . o he u p s f no ngy ngi gn a ry' n elcu l r p ry ih s' mp . 8 ' M ya Sa a f rhe al ge t tDa s has e r y u t r le s ha be xpore t pr t a is t t Unie St t s td he oduc s t s ue o he td ae t oug t na i l di t i or , w ho ha di ti e t m t r t l s or s t oughou t hr h wo tona sr but s ve s rbut d he o e ai t e hr t he Untd S ae ,çn ld n t e Co n at o Vigna' I ! 1 . Ac o dn t t e ie tts ç cu i g h mmo we l f r ii. d. 7 i h ' c r ig o h c ai ,çg uli erti sor ,a ot retbls nt,i t Commonwe lh ofVigni ompl nt çmj tpl eal t es nd he sa ihme s n he at ri a s l,o frt s l,a us ... be Tobac o Pr t ,i udi AM Y Toba co Pr t . I e l fe o el nd e Da s c oduc s ncl ng c oduc s' d. ' !2 . 0 OnDe e e 4 2 7 Da e mo dt d s s t ec s f rlc o pes na ju s ito c mb r , 01 , b s ve o imis h a e o a k f ro l tidcin a i o rve or i t at m a i ,t ta f r ve nd mpr pe nue , n he le tve o r nse nue. Da s itd a de a a i i bes ubm te clr ton n s uppor oft m oton. Acc di t t de l r ton,Da ha ne rta ld t Vigi a N o t he i or ng o he c a a i bes s ve r vee o r ni . r ha he e ro s ve wned,l a ed,orope a e a pr ry i Vig ni The de a a i i c t st t es r t d ny ope t n r i a. clr ton ndi a e ha D a sEgy i n I pors i notlc ns d t do busnes i V i gi a,a hasno em pl yee ,a nt , be pta m t s ie e o i s n r ni nd o s ge s orr pr s n a i i Vigi a. Alho Da s a knowldg t tAM Y pr uc sa e a ia e e e e t tves n r ni t ugh be c e es ha od t r val bl f r s l i t U nie St t s he m a nt i t t hi bus nes ha not die ty s d pr o a e n he td ae, i a ns ha s i s s r c l ol oduc s i t n Vi g ni or t r e a of is pr r i a a get d ny t oduc s f s l i t s pa tc a s a e. Da s i c t t thi t or a e n hi r i ul r t t be ndi a es ha s busne s ls l is pr i s sels t oduc s t o h t r pm y w hol s e s r t i dit i or , a t lke. t hr ug hi de al r , e a l s rbut s nd he i ' ' Da e De l ! 1 ,Dk .No 29 Da e rpo t t a (two o te e e tte ae lc t d i b s c. J 2 t . . b s e rs h t i q f h s niis r o ae n l Calf i' a none a e l a e i Vigi a. 1 iom a' nd r oc t d n r ni d.Fort s r as ,Da s a gue t the l ks he e e ons be r s ha ac s fc e c a t wih t Co monwe lh ofVigi a t alo t s c tt e r ie pe s l uf int ont cs t hè m at r ni o l w hi our o xe cs r ona j s ito o e hi mi dcin v r m. I rs n e pons t t pe ng moton,M ya Sa a s m itd a dec a ai n fom M n e o he ndi i r y ub te l r to r hmoud Bad ,t pr sde ofM y Sa ay. The de l r ton i c t st tBa awi he e i nt a r c a a i ndia e ha dawiwa fr ti r ed s is ntoduc t Da s i J nua y of 2009, whe Da s c t t d hi i V igi a a i uie a t o be n a r n be on ace m n r ni nd nq r d bou diti i M ya Sa a shooka i Eur pe Afe r cevi ne tve f dba k fom s ve alof srbutng r y' hs n o . tr e i ng ga i ee c r e r is Eur a diti o s r a di Da s' busne s pr tc s M ya Sa a ç clned Da ' t ope n srbut r eg r ng be i s ac ie , ry ç i de bes r que tt diti e M ya Sa a pr t .' Ba a De l ! 1 Dk . .31 1 Ats mep it e s o srbut r y oducs' d wi c. 2, t No - . o on t r afe ,M ya Sa a r c i d r po t f om is di t i or r a di a ne br nd of A M Y he e t r r y e e ve e r s r t s rbut s eg r ng w a ho ka ta wee sy e smia t p an ifsM YA h o a . JJ ! 1 . Ac o dngt Ba a , o hs h t r tld i lr o litf o k hs -. 3 c r i o d wi 1S . AM Y hooka pr t a eofe e f s l i t Com monwe lh ofVigi a a ha be n s d h oduc s r f r d or ae n he at r ni , nd ve e ol a rti so e i Fal Chl c , ifx, n Rih n .S ei j 1 . t eal tr s n l z h Fara a d c mo d e d.g 1 s r D i cus i s s on Da e h smo dt ds s t ec s f rlc o peg na j rs ito a di r p rve u b s a ve o imis h a e o a k f ro l u idcin n mp o e n e u e Rue 1 b ( )a d ()o t eFe ea Rue o Ci lPr c d r . I t eatmaie Da s nd r l 2()2 n 3 f h d r l ls f vi o e u e n h le tv , be ha r quesed t tt c tta f r t ca e t t Ce r lD i ti tof Ca i o ni ,pur uml t 28 se t ha he our r ns e he s o he nt a s r c lf r a s to U. C. 1 0 a .Th c u t la d e se c ag me tnt r . S. j 4 4() e o r wi d rs a h r u n i u n l 1 . Pe s lJur s c i r ona i di ton Rul 1 b)2)oft Fe rlRuls o Ci lPr dtr a hoiesdimis f rl k o e 2( ( he dea e f vi oce le ut rz s sal o ac f pes n l l id cin. W hl n ih rp ry a d e s si i isb ifngo t emoin, h lw o ro a jz s ito r ie et e a t d r se t n t rei n h to t e a f t U nie St t s Co t of Appe l f r t Fe r l Cic t gove ns t due p oc s ml l i he td ae ur a s o he de a r ui r he r e s a ys s a ia e t t pli ifs c am s of pae i rnge e . Se Aut nomi s I v.Oxf d pplc bl o he a ntf' l i tnt nfi m nt e oce c nc. or Ge eTe h. d, 6 F.d 1 2,1 6( e . r 2 0 ) Ho v r f ra yno pae tcamsta n c Lt .5 6 3 01 01 F d Ci. 0 9 . we e , o n n- tn li h t ae n titmaey l k dt p tn lw, h c u tmu trviw teis e o pes n l u idci n r o n i tl i e o ae t a t e o r s e e h su f ro a j rs ito n t rt 1w oft r ona cr ui,i t s c e t Fourh Cic t Se Sie DrvesI v. mde he a he egi l ic t n hi as he t r ui. e lnt i nc. S r n I us.nc, 2 F.d 1 9 1 01( d. r 2 0 ) Elc . o I gn . nc v. y e 3 to g nd .l .3 6 3 1 4, 2 Fe Ci. 0 3 , e s fr ma ig l . Co l, 40 . 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W i r g r t t e frt rfrt e na c r . nc, 3 3 9 , 9 4h r 0 ) t e ad o h is h r quie e ,bot cr uis ha r c ze t t ç r ri s l a m sa ut e e pe s l e r m nt h ic t ve e ogni d ha t gila' ong- r t t e xtnds r ona vi jlidcint t e tn p r te b teDu Pr c s Clu e' Yo ncv Ne Ha e Ad o ae t s it o he x e t e mitd y h e o e s a s . u . w v n v c t, r o ' 31 F.d 2 6 2 (t Ci. 0 2 ;s eas To c c m. n . . r s & Pa' 5 4F.d 1 3 5 3 5 , 61 4h r 2 0 ) e lo u h o I c v Bee l dn t, 7 3 40 , r 1 1( d Ci. 0 9 .Co s q e ty t sauo y a dc nsi to a i uiisc ae c it t e 41 Fe . r 2 0 ) n e u n l,he tt tr n o tt in lnq re o ls e n o h u sn l q e to o whehe d p o e si s tsidb t c u tse ecs o p ro a j rs ito ige u sin f t r ue r c s s aife y he o r' x rie f e s n lu id cin ove t no esde t de e nt Touc om ,57 F. a 1 1 s e as St r v.O' nnel r he m i n f nda . hc 4 3d t 41 ; e lo ove Co l Aso s.I c, 8 F.d 1 2 1 5 3 (t Ci. 1 9 ) (x lii ta Gh sam o y iq iy s c . n . 4 3 3 , 3 - 6 4h r 9 6 e p anng h t t e tt r n ur t ne s a iy m e ge w ih t co tt tona i r a t t i r e es e i ly bec m e ce s rl r s t he ns iu i l nqui y, nd he wo nquii s s nta l o one' ' ) Th d p o e sp o g o tepes na j rs ito a ayssne e sttsa i ur it e ue r c s r n f h ro l u idcin n l i c siae n nq iy n o whe he t de e nt m a nt i s fc e ( i m lm c a t ' w ih t f u s a e. I t t r he f nda i a ns uf i i nt t ni l ont c s' t he or m t t n he m G a o ia' c s o I tr ain lS e Co v W a hi t n 3 U. 31 ( 9 ) te Su r me t n nc l a e f n en to a ho . . s nRo , 26 S. 0 1 45 , h p e c ' 4 Co r hed t a a c u tma e rie j s ito o e a n n e i e td fnd n o l (ft e u t l h t o r y xecs mi dcin v r o r sd n ee a t ny ç h i d fn a th sGe ti mii m c n a t wih Eh f r m sae s c t a temane n eo t ee d n a c ran nmu o tcs t t e o u tt) u h h t h itna c f he ' s i d e i to fn ta i o ln to o fi p a a d s bsa ta j tc .' Go d e rDt o ut o s l fe d r dt na oins f ar ly n u tnil usie' o y a ml p o i ' Tie Opeains S. v. o ,5 4U. 91 ,9 (01 )(uoi I tlS o Co.3 6U. a r s rto s A. Br wn 6 S. 5 23 2 1 q tng n ' h e , 2 S. t 31 .Thi rquie nt' ve adeg e ofprdi a lt t t lga s tm t alowspotnta 6) s e rme t s gi re e ctbiiy o he e l yse hat l e il def nda t t sr t e t i prm a y c e n s o t uc ur he r i r onduc w ih s m e m i m lm a szanc as t w he e t t t o ni l s lr e o r he co uc wil a wil not r nde t m la e t s t' W o l W i Vol wace Com . v. nd t l nd l e r he ibl o ui. ' rd- de ks n W o d o , 4 U. 28 , 9 ( 9 0 . o s n 4 4 S. 6 2 7 1 8 ) Si e l e nai na Shoewa decde c u' ha ditnguihe be wee t ne a o a 1 nc ntr to l s i d, ot t ve si s d t n t r l r 1s ge p po ej s ito ' a d Gpe ii o c s -ik d jlid cin. Go d e r 5 4 U. a 91 u s M dcin' n l cfc r a e l e t s ito ' o v a, 6 S. t 9 s n r ' ( ingHeio tr sNa in lsd Co o i.S. v. l, 6U. 40 ,41 ( 9 4 ) Ast e ct i lc pe o co ae e lmba A. Hal 46 S. 8 4 1 8 ). h S p e Co r e p an d i Go d e r G a o r ma a s r g n r l u idcin o e fr in u rme u t x lie n o y a, d jc u t y s et e e a j rs ito v r o eg g (itrsaeo fr in c t r )( ee d n s t he ra y a d alcamsa an tt e wh n t i sse -tt r o eg - omty d fn a t) o a n n l li g i s h m e her a slainswi ro m)Saeaes ûo tn o sa d s se tc a t rnd rt m e sn il a f ito t f nt tt r o c n iu u n y tmai ' s o e e he s e tal t h y h mei t fr m S ae' I S cfcjl s ito , nt eo h rh n de n so a G ci t o o n he o u tt. d. pe ii t idcin o h t e a d, pe d n n l t y r ' r a vi a o c re c t a tk sp a e i t e fr m S ae'a d i G o i e t a j d c to o is e n c u rn e h t a e lc n h o u tt' n s t ntn d o du iain f su s c . d rvn fo o c n e tdwih t evey c nr v ryt a etbls e j idcin. 1 . l ti e iig r m, r o n ce t , h r o to es h t sa ih s urs ito ' d n h s ' ca e t ei no s si t tt de e ntsc a t wih Vigi ars t t lve ne es a y s , her s ugge ton ha he f nda ' ont c s t r ni ie o he e l c s r t s p r te e ecs o g n r lj rs ito . I se d te pa t s d s u e wheh r t e o u po t h x rie f e e a u idcin n ta , h ri ip t e te h d fn a tsc n a t wi Vigni a es fce tt c n e s cfcj idcin. e e d n ' o tcs t r i a r ufiin o o fr pe ii urs ito h The Fe r Cic t a t Fourh Cic t e pl y a t ee pa ' t s t de e m i whe he de al r ui nd he t r ui m o hr - z e t o t r ne t t r t ee rieo s e ii ju s ito o e ano e ie td fnd n c mp lswihterq ie n s h xecs f p cfc ti dcin v r m sd n ee a t o o' t h e urme t t ofduepr es. Se 31 SvssI .v.Aaot hLa .l ,1 F. 1 1 ( d. r 1 ; oc s e 7 . nc r ec bs. nc. 60 3d 373, 378 Fe Ci. 998) TieEng g& Diti s r ' srb.LLC v S n o cLic o Ru b rCo. 6 2F.d 2 2 3 - 2 (t Ci. . ha d n n lnc b e , 8 3 9 , 010 4h r 20 2 .Un e t i ts,h c u tc n ies ; 1 wheh rte d fn a tp r sf ly drce is 1 ) d r h s e t te o r o sd r :ç ) t e h ee d n u po e ul ie td t ( a t iisa r sd n so te f r m sae ( )wheh rt cam a ie o to o r ltst t e ci te t e ie t f h o u tt, 2 v t e he li rs s u f r eae o h d fn a tsa tvte wiht ef r m sae a d ( )wheh ra s rin o p ro a j s ito i ee d n ' ciiis t h o u tt , n 3 t e se t f e s n l mid cin s o r a o bea dfi. la d LLC v. K Ino to Co, 9 F.d 1 7 ,1 7 ( d Ci. 01 ) e s na l n ar' g r s 'Ce S n vain .7 2 3 3 3 3 7 Fe . r 2 5 ; s a s Tie Eng' & Di t i , 682 F. a 30 Gfhe fr t t f t s c r s nd w ih t ee l o r c sr b. 3d t 2. t ' i s wo ac or or e po t he E i mtm c a t 'pr 'o l e a i lSho s nd t t r f c o c r pondswih t tar m ni l ont c s ong' f nt m tona e,ç he hid a t r ores a t he f i ply a d s b tn il u tc ' o . l me Co p. Ku ma 2 F.d 1 5 ,1 6 ( d. r a n u sa ta j sie prng' nn d r v. z k, 49 3 3 6 3 0 Fe Ci. ' 20 ) 01. I t s c e,t pl i if r les a l s i pa' on t Gs r a of co m er e 't or of n hi as he a ntf e i , t ea t n l, t he it e m m c ' he y se ii Jrsito Se P1' Br i Op n 1 ,1 - ,Dt.No.31(mp szngt tDa s p cfc ' idcin. e . .n p' 1 920 t u s e haii ha be s pshi pr t t na i diti or i t Unie S a e a t tt pr t ar uli t l hi s oduc s o tonal srbut s n he t d t t s nd ha he oduc s e tma ey s l a rti soe i Vign a. Urbru aey çth p e ie r q rme t o t sr n o o d t eal tr s n r ii) t tn tl, s l e r cs e uie n s f he te m-f t l c mme c t e r rman t et d. Poa Elcr Oyv. umt Oy 8 F.d 1 4 ,1 48( e . o r e h o y e i ms tl ' lr e to e ' S t o , 29 3 3 3 3 F d Ci. 1 ) s eas Cec r a r 20 6 ; e lo lad LLC v S I v to Co,7 2F.d 1 7 ,1 8 ( d Ci. 0 5 . . K r ain . 9 3 3 3 3 1 Fe . r 2 1 ) mo Ast Fe r lCic te ane i Ce ca d: he de a r ui xpl i d n l z W het rme e pl c m e ti o t sr n ofc he r a e n nt he te m omme c i s fc e r e s ufii nt t etb ih j s ito o wh t e itn t a tepr d csr a h o sa ls mid cin, r eh r n e t h t h o u t e c t f u i r quie c be ta d t As hiM e a I ty Co.v. he or m s e r d, an r ce o a t l ndusr Sunei Cou tofCalf ni,Solno Co v,480U. 1 ( ) ror r ior a a unt S. 02 1987 . J sie Brn n j ie b tr e oh rj tc s o i d t a mee u tc e na , on d y h e te usie , pne h t r f e e biiy t tt de e n ' pr uc woul wi u i t or s ea lt ha he f nda ts od t d nd p n he f r m sae wa s fi in t e tbih jl s ito . 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F lo n te f l r i, l f l e id n a t n e id t u eudc n a t o lwig h h c mp ein o t e lmie j rs ito a ds o ey o tie a o e t d f n a t s alh v o lto f h i td u idcin l ic v r uln d b v , he ee d n h l a e fure n ( 4 d y i wh c t rn w t ej s ito a c le g u d rRu e 1 09( )a d te o te 1 ) a s n ih o e e h midcin l haln e n e l 2 2 n h atr tverques t ta frt c et rj1 a . lenai e t o rnse he as mde 404() TheCl r i die t d t s nd c pisoft sm e or ndlm o ni n a t a cp nyi ek s r c e o e o e hi m a l pi o nd he c mpa ng or rt alc ms lofr c d. de o 1 ot e e or DATED: is Ths d yo Mac , 01 . a f rh 2 8 Se o U nie St t s D it i tJ ni r t d a e s rc udge

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