Alvarado v. Co of Tulare et al

Filing 13

MEMORANDUM OPINION. Signed by District Judge Glen E. Conrad on 7/20/17. (hnw)

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CLERK' OFFI U. . OI COURS CE S ST. I AT ROANOKE, VA FIED L I THE UN I N TED STA TES D I STRI COU RT CT FOR TH E W ESTERN D I STRI O F V I F I CT RG N A CHAM OTTESVI LLE DI SI VI ON J 2 12 1 UL 27 JU BY; c, cuuaà l DAN I D . LV A M D O , EL A Ci lA c i N o.3: 7CV 00040 vi ton 1 Pl i if antf, M EM OM NDUM OPI ON NI COUN TY OF TULAR E,e a i t l, Ho Gln E.Conr d n. e a Unie St t sD i ti tJ ge t d a e sr c ud De e nt . f nda s Da e D.Al r c me ed t saci n by flng apr x c hi l va ado om nc hi to ii o ompl i on J ne 5,201 ant u 7. Al rdo ddnotpa t flngfebutwa grntd la t pr ee L f mapa rs Fort vaa i y he ii e s a e e ve o oc d q or upei. he f l wigr a o , h c u t o cu e t a t a to i s b e tt d s sa f rlc o pes na ol n e s ns t e o r c n ld s h t he cin s u j c o imis l o a k f ro l o jtid cin. t s it r o Backzround Al r do' c va a s ompl i , whih i syld as a a fda t s aes t t he was pr vi usy ant c s t e n fi vi, tt ha e o l i a c r t d a t Bob W ie De e to Ce e i Tulr Co t Ca ior a Al r do wa nc r e a e t he ly t n i n nt r n a e un y, lf ni . va a s r l s d fom t c r c i f iiy o Aug t2,201 Pro t hi r e s ,ade y wih t eea e r he ore tonal aclt n us 5. i r o s ela e put t he Tul r Cot y She if sDe t e tbe n eups twhe Al r do r f e t sgn hi na on a a e mt rf parm n c m e n va a e us d o i s me doc nta i t a r e e d a pr vii oft Unio m Comm e cilCode. Ac or ng t ume nd nse d ef r nce o son he fr r a c di o Al r do,t de y t e hi he d frt i o a wa l ca i hi t be m e t ons ous va a he put hr w m a is nt l, usng m o co mc ci . Al aa o as rst a hes sane ahe dij r t tt o tr emo t st he l He( e n gl' v rd se t h t u ti d a nu y ha o k h e n h o a. ç ma d s' d t tt de yt hedac ou a ef ghede y')aci . Compl2,Doc tNo.2. ha he put i l c ntbl or t put s tons' be ' . ke On t cvi c r s e a c pa ng hi c he i l ove he t c om nyi s ompl n ,Al r do doe no nn any ait va a s t me pa tc a i vi l o e ii s a de e nt Howe r Al r i c t s t he i now a ri ulr ndi duas r ntte s f nda s. ve , va ado ndi a e hat s r sde of Al ma l Co y,Vigi a,t t t de e nt a e r sde s of Tulr Count e i nt be re unt r ni ha he f nda s r e i nt ae y, Caio a a dt t ei ivo n tec u tsdvest jlidcin. Al aa ot e sae t th lfmi, n ha h s n kig h o r' i ri t s ito y r v r d h n tts ha e i ase t cli f cvi rght vi ainsunde 42 U. C.j 1 c ihti rnge nt s s ri ams or i l i s olto ng r S. 983, opyrg nfi me , ki ppi e oli blc al a sa y. dna ng, xt on, a km i, nd lver St andard ofR evi ew Un e 28U. C. 1 5 e , ihg v r sL f r p u rsp o e dng , h c u t a a dr S. j 91 () wh c o en q oma a pei r c e i s t e o r h s ma d tr d t t sr e i ta fln s Erl e Co. J h o 4 0F.d 6 8 6 6 5 ( t Ci. n aoy uy o e e n ni l i g . in i i i v. o ns n, 4 3 4 , 5 - 7 4h r 2006) Thec u'i rquie t dimisac s t ta tme'it co tdeer ne t tt a ton . ot t s e rd o s s a e t ny i 'f he ur t mi s ha he ci a i fi ouso t tt c s rvol r ha he ompli tf ist sa eac am o whi h r le m a begr nt d. 28 U. C. an al o tt li n c e if y a e S. j 1 5 e( )B) Ad iinql,i e au t ac mplitfld. f nn r a pei, h c u t y 91 ()2 ( . d t ly n v l ai o ng o an ie t o ap u rs t e o r ma q r ie a wai bl def ns s s e whe t c as va e e e ua pont n he ompl i pl i y r ve l t e se e ofs h ant anl e a s he xitnc uc d e e ErlneCo.440F; a 656(ii Na i v. a de M d. eofCo .64F. 951 efns . ii , 3d t ctng sm W r m Hous n' , 3d , 9 3 5 ( t Ci.1 9 )* s eas An es n v.XYZ Co r He 1 S r s-I c,4 7 F.d 6 4, 5 - 4 4h r 9 5) ; e lo d ro r. at e v . n . 0 3 7 h 6 2 8 (t Ci. 0 5 (e o n zngt a s s n ed s s a ma b a p o raei t e se c 8 - 3 4h r 2 0 ) rc g ii h t ua po t imis l y e p r p it f he xitn e ofa afr tvedefns i ç ppae fom t f c o ac anf'. n fimai e e s t r nt r he a e f ompli ) a D i cussi s on I t sca e i i a r ntfo t f c oft c n hi s , t s ppa e r m he a e he ompli t tt s c tdoe notha ant ha hi our s ve p ro a j rs ito o e t d fnd n s Th c mpan ma e ce rt a Alaa o scamsae e s n lu idci n v r he ee a t. e o lit k s la h t v r d ' li r bas d o acso o isonst tocc e i t St t ofCalf ni N o oft acsoro isons e n t r m s i ha un'd n he a e ior a. ne he t m si i a lge t ha occ r d i t Com monwe 1h of Vig ni I a ton, t r a e no s le d o ve ure n he at r i a. n ddii he e r * l Erlne,t Unied St es Coul ofAppeal f t Fourt Cic texpli t t s eeni n ii he t at ' t s or he h r ui aned hat he cr ng a t rt afr e t c u t i a to sfldL f r pa ei dfe e tae s ha to fo odi r cvl uis uho i fo d d o o rs n cin ie q o ma up rs ifrn its uc cins r m r nay iis t y a j siisa e c pint teg nea r l ta a afr tv d fn es ud n tb c n iee s as o t . nd u tfe n x e to o h e rl ue h t n fimaie ee s ho l o e o sd rd u p n e 44 F. a 6 6(iigNai 6 F.da 95 - 4 . 0 3d t 5 ctn sm, 4 3 t 3 5 ) 2 alg to ss g sigt a t eCaio nar sd n salg d yr s nsbl f rteplitf' ijlis le ai n u getn h t h l r i e i e t le e l epo i e o h an ifs nt e f r have a co m ec i n t V igi a ny r t o o r ni . G lwf l a srin o p ro a j rs ito o e a d fnd n r q ie s tsyng t e G a ' se t f e s n l u idcin v r ee a t e urs aif i h A u o sa r oft f m sae' l a sa t a r peci t s f gua ds e lrne i t t nda ds he onl t t s ong- nn tm e nd es tng he a e r nsli d n he Fouree h Am e e ' Due Pr es Clus ' Tie Enc' & Diti .LLC v. Sha t nt ndm nts oc s a e. ' r g srb. ndong Li go cRu b rCo.6 2F.d29 3 (t Ci. 01 ) ( c us Vign aslng am sa e n ln b e , 8 3 2, 01 4 h r 2 2 . t a e r ii ' o -r tmt Be e tn spes n lt idcint t eo tr u so d ep o e s t et -r ngts c la e it a xe d r o a jl s ito o h u e bo nd f u r c s,h wop o et olps s n o r sng ei r whe Vigi ai t f um sa e' 1 Ac r ngl aVigi ac t n e r ie i l nquiy n r ni s he or t t .' d. co di y, r ni our ca xe c s p ro a J rs ito o ra n n e i e t d fn a to l i t e e ecs o s c j rs ito e s n l ' id cin ve u o r sd n ee d n ny f h x r ie f u h u idcin co rswiht r quie nt o duepr e s Se j a 3010 mpo t t he e rme s f oc s . e . t -2. i TheDuePr es Cl us r quiest tade e ntha a qua eC i m tm c ac s' t oc s a e e r ha f nda ve de t t ni l ont t'wih m t fnl sae. SeeALSSc n.nc v. gialSev. ula t.nc.293F. 707,711( hCi. he o m tt a I . Di t r Cons tns l , 3d 4t r 2 0 )( ingI tlS o Co. W ahimo , 2 U. 31 , 6( 9 5 ) De n i o tetp o 0 2 ct n ' h e v. s n n 3 6 S. 0 31 1 4 ). pe dng n h y e f i mii m c n a t i a c s ,pes n lj rs ito c n et e be g n r lo s ct Ge rl n mu o tcs n a e ro a u id cin a i r h e e a r pe i k. nea pes n lmi dcinçe u rsGo tn o sa s se tc c n a t wi t f r m sae s ht a ro a j s ito d q ie c n iu u nd y tmai' o tcs t he o u tt ,uc h t r h a de e f ndantm a be s d i t tsae f r a r a o r ga dls ofwhe e t r l ntc y ue n ha t t o ny e s n, e r e s r he eeva onduc t o c re ' CFA I s. . ns. fCha tr d F n M ay t o I i, 51F.d28 ,2 2n.5( t c u rd.' ' nt v l to re e i . l ss f nda 5 3 5 9 1 4h Ci. 0 9 (iigPek n v. n u tCo s lM ii Co, 4 U. 4 7 4 8 (95 ). t p cfc r 2 0 ) ctn r i s Be c e n o . nnc .3 2 S. 3 , 3 1 2 ) d e ii s p ro a j rs ito o te oh r h n ,rq ie o l t a te r lv n c n u th ve s h a e s n l u id cin, n h te a d e u rs ny h t h ee a t o d c a uc coz e ton w ih t f m s a e t ti i f i f t de e ntt de e is l i t ts a e. I m ci t he onl t t ha t s a r or he f nda o f nd t e f n ha t t ' d. ' (ii Heioptr Na inae deColmbi S. v. l46U. 408,41 1 ( 4:. I ohe ctng lc e os co ls o as A. Hal, S. 4- 5 198 nt r wo d ,tift ed fn a tsc ntcswi t e go u sae a eas t eb sso te s i,t s r s sj h e e d n ' o a t t h fr m tt) r lo h a i f h ut ho e l h c na t ma e tbl hs cfcj rs ito ' ALS Sc n 2 3F.da 71 . o tcs y sa i pe ii u idcin. s ' a, 9 3 t 1 I t i t ntc s ,t pl i ifha no al geda f t s n he nsa a e he antf s t le ny acs ugge tng t tt Tulr Co y si ha he a e unt She ifs de y o t Bo W ie De e to Ce e ha e age i s t ma i a co i rf put r he b l y t n i n ntr s ng d n yse tc nd ntnuous a tviy i Vigi a. Nor has he alege a f c s s c i t n r ni l d ny a t uggesi t thi c am s a e ba e upon tng ha s l i r s d c a t t tt s Ca ior ar sde sha ha wih t f r m sa e l e Al r do doe no ont c s ha he e lf ni e i nt ve d t he o u t t . nde d, va a s t de c i a hi t ta i vi lo e iy i Ca ior a hasdone i V igi a t ts d ha s rbe nyt ng ha ny ndi dua r ntt n lf ni n r ni ha houl ve c us d t ti vi ua ore tt t a tci t beng s dhe e. Be a ei i a r ntfo t f c a e ha ndi d l n iy o n i pa e i ue r c us t s ppa e r m he a e o t c mp an ta p ro a ju s ito i lc n a d t ee i n r a o t b le et a a y f he o lit h t es n l tid cin s a kig n h r s o e s n o eiv h t n de e ntwoul wavet sba i f dim is l t c ttndsi a opra et dim ist ca e f nda d i hi ss or s s a, he our i t ppr i t o s s he s wih u p eu ie Se Trjl v W iln , 65F.d 1 0,1 6 1 ( 0h Ci.2 0 )( od n to t rj dc . e uil . lims 4 3 21 21 - 7 1 t r 0 6 h li g o t tadititc tma s s edimisa a tonunde 28U. C.j1 5f l kofpe s l ha src our y ua pont s s n ci r V. 91 or ac rona jzid cin S e t d fn ei o vo sfo tef c o t ec mpan a no frh rf cu l l s ito s n he e e s s b iu r m h a e f h o li t nd u te a ta r wh rc r i rq ie t b d veo e ' (iain a d itr lq oain mak o te ) se as e od s e ur d o e e lp d' ctto n nena u tto r s mitd ; e lo ) . M ai v. Pao He lh aeCt.6 6F. p x58 ,5 8( dCi. 6 ( li t a tec s rn La lma at c r r, 3 Ap ' 6 8 3 r 201 ) hodng h t h a e wa p o el ds se fr lc o pes na j rs ito t e j 1 5 wh r She lc o a s r p ry imisd o a k f ro l u idcin md r 91 ee G a k f t c r cin b t e t e Dee d n s a d Pems v n a g s a p rn fo t fc o t e ome to ewe n h fn a t n r yla i wa j p a e t r m he a e f h c ai ompl nf). C oncl i us on Fo t era o sae ,tec s wi b ds se wi u p eudc frlc o p ro a r h e s ns ttd h a e l e imis d t t rj ie o a k f e s n l l ho j rs ito Al oh rp n i moinswilb d ne a mo t Th Clr i d rce t s n uidcin. l t e e dng to l e e id s o . e ek s ie td o e d co e oft sm e a pis hi mor ndum opi o a t ac ompa ng or rt t pli if ni n nd he c nyi de o he a ntf. DATED: i J# ë d yo J y 20 7 Ths a f ul, 1 . U nie St t s Di t i tJ t d a e s rc udge

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