Southern Environmental Law Center v. Mulvaney

Filing 24

MEMORANDUM OPINION. Signed by Senior Judge Glen E. Conrad on 9/25/19. (jcj)

CL
ERK' OFFI U. DIT.
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AT ROANOKE,
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m nt .
h nf ma i s riul ry e e nt ve
t tO M B ' o n e de e i c t s t tea h oft ag i s a i s w a r r d t pr uc g
ha
S w vi nc ndi a e ha c
he enc e t s ue s equie o od e 1
.

latt d ume sr lvantt t pli ifsFOI r uet SeeBus ow De .5(ndi tngt t
e s wo oc nt ee
o he antf
A eq s.
s
cl i cai ha
Ggl nce pr de OM B hi lve drfsofi ta rf m i a 'onJ 30, 7a r uie b
lage is ovi d
gh-e l a t niil eor de s' une 201 s eq rd y
12

te OM B M e r n u a d ta G ag n iss b te t er f r pr p s l rfre t i EO
h
mo a d m, n h t ç j e ce u mitd h eo m o o as eerd o n
r
1
3871a a nc rf m pl t OMB'onSe e r11 201 ;s as lunul v.Co r lr
s ge y eor ans o
'
ptmbe , 7) ee lo t de
mntole

o t eCu rn y 31 F.d31 , 5( C. r 2 3 (1 c rancru tn e , c u t ypa e
f h re c , 5 3 1 31 D. Ci. 00 ) % n e ti ic msa c s a o r ma lc
G
sgni a wei o t f tt t a r or s z h f l t t n up a pa tc a doc nt i
i fc nt ght n he ac ha
ec ds ea c qied o ur
ri ulr ume n

a lzn t ea q a y o arc r ss a c .
nay i g h de u c f e o d e r h'
).
M s W a s s de l r ton a s i c t s t t sa f m e r i OM B' Ofi e of Ge r l
. lh' c a a i lo ndia e ha t f mbe s n
S fc
ne a

Co nslb c mea r o tr ea dto a r s o sv d c me t çn tec t s o p e rng ( e
u e e a wa e f h e d iin l e p n ie o u ns ç h ol e f rpai t )
i
r
h
d ca ai na c n u t gwi ohe OM B c mpo e t. W as De l!9 Th c u te o nz s
e lr to nd o s li t t r
n h
o n ns' lh c. . e o r r c g ie
'

t a tefc çth ts med cl n swe en tds o ee u tlas c nd mo ee ha tv , e rh'
h t h a t i j a o o l t r o ic v r d ni e o , r x usie s ac '
g
me
doe no ne e s rl r nde t e ie s r h i deq t G r nd Ce .P' hi I v.Cuom o,1
s t c s a iy e r he ntr ea c na ua e. a
nt s p. nc.
66

F.d 4 3,4 9 ( d Ci.1 9 ) s e as Ren 5 3 F.d a 3 4 ( odng t tef rst c re ta
3 7 8 2 r 9 9 ; e lo i , 5 3 t 6 h li ha fo t o o rc n
o s ind so e e a traFOI a to wa sldd dn tç e d r!tee tr sa c s s e t' nd
miso ic v r d fe
A ci n s e i o ç n e g h n ie e rh u p c'a
r
i t ad de o tae t age y' çgood f t i c
nse
m nsr td he nc s i
aih n onduc i a t ough s a c t c
tng hor
e r h o ompl wih
y t

F A'. Ho v r t e e si d caain p o ie l t t no e pa ai n a t wh t e
OI '
)
we e, h xitng e lrto s r vd i l o
te
x ln to s o y h
a tona doc e swe enotdic r d e rir Compa eVici a- l tM edi Cos v.Dep' of
ddii l um nt r
s ove e a le .
r r ni pio
a
.
t

J tc ,1 7F.S p 3 4 7, 4 ( D. . 5 (o cu ig ta t ed fnd n fie t stsy
usie 4
u p. d 3 4 6 E. Va 201 ) c n ldn h t h ee a t ald o aif
FO1 s r s bl s ar h r uie e s whe e t de enda a te t ha ng knowl
A' ea ona e e c eq r m nt
r he f nt dmitd o vi
edge of
a tonalr s nsve doc e sprort t flng o a FOI a ton a pr de a i de t
ddii
e po i
um nt i o he i f
A c i nd ovi d n na qua e

e p a ainf r h i t i l d sl sle, t Ren 5 3F.da 3 4(mp szngta çwq eea
x ln to o t er mtmey ico t )wih i , 5 3 t 6 e haii h tt h r n
r
l
ovesghtocc rd,t g nc e pl ne t ras f t mitkea t a opraese t
ri
ure he age yq x ai d he e on or he sa nd ook ppr it tps o
c r c i s t ta1 i vi l known or bele d t pos es r s ns ve m a e l pe f med t
or e t t o ha 1 ndi dua s
i ve o
s s e po i
t da s r or
he

s ac s), n Co eiieEne .n tv. fc o S i & Te h Poiy 1 F. u p. d 1 0 1 6
e rhe ' a d mp ttv tr I s. Of e f c. c . l , 61 S p 3 2 , 3
c
13

( D. 201 ( di t tt dee ntsc rdi oft r or i aFOI ca edi notwarnt
D. C. 6) hol ng ha he fnda ' ore on he ec d n
A s d
ra
lm ied dic r snc a s e e t deca ai n a quat y e ai d why a doc ntwa no
i t
s ove y i e upplm n al lr to de el xpl ne
ume
s t

ds o ee e rir.
ic v r d ale)
Fi ly, t c r nt r cor whe viwe i t pl i ifs f vor c ans E ii
nal he ur e e d,
n e d n he antf
a , ont i ç tve
pos

id c to so gt eqo ro k dmaeil. Vae ca Lu e ,1 0F.da 3 6. Ac o dn t t
n iain f oh r velo e tras' ln i- c na 8 3 t 2
'
c r ig o he
pl i if OM B saf m e r ha pr ousy a knowl dbenga r ofr ponsvedoc l e s
antf,
t f mbe s ve evi l c
edge i wa e es i
lm nt
t
he f nt tongl s es
t ta e no lsed on t Va m i x fl d by OM B. Alhough t de enda sr y diput
ha r t it
he ucl nde ie
t sas e to i i nott t ut...f t s ppor.' De .sRe y Br 5,Dkt No. s e Ht e
hi s ri n, t s
l ho
wi
acual u
t'
f' pl .
. 23; e mtr

De l! 1 (OnJ n 2 , 01 t p rish da t e c n ee c c l,nwhih 1as p rii td
c . 5 t u e 7 2 8 he a t a noh r o f rn e al i c lo a t pae .
1
e
c
D t ng t s c nf r nc c lM r Cn ne i ca ed t tt r w e e a oxi a e y 60
ui hi o e e e al . r y ndi t ha he e r ppr m t l -70 r pons ve
es
i

d c me t.)( mp a i a d d .
o u n s' e h ss d e )
'
Fo t s r a ons t c ti t bl t de e mi fom t e si r co d whehe OPM
r he e e s , he our s ma e o t r ne r he xitng e r
t r
has c uced a a qua e s r h f doc nt r s
ond t n de t ea c or ume s e ponsve t t pli ifs FOI r ue t I
i o he antf
A eq s. n

lghtoft diput a una we ed que to of f c ,t pa te 'cr s motons f r sl a y
i
he s ed nd ns r
si ns
a t he ri s os - i
o lmm r

j d me twilb d n e wi o tp eu iea t t i is ,a d tec u twi ga tt p an ifs
u g n l e e id t u rj dc s o h s sue n h o r l r n he litf'
h
l
ale nai r ques t e ge i lm ie dic r Se P1' Re y Br 9, n. Dkt No.22
t r tve e t o nga n i t d s ove y. e .s pl .
4, .

(e u sigteo p ru t t c n u tl tdd so e yr lv n t t ea e u c o t ed fnd n '
r q e t h p o tni o o d c i e iè v r ee a t o h d q a y f h ee a ts
n
y
mi
s ac i tee n t a t ec u t e e b t p ris moi n o ti is e . S csc ly tec t t
e rh n h ve t h t h o r d nis oh a t ' to s n h s su ) pe i al,h ot
e
r
wilp nntt p an ift c n u tt e sto s o g ven n sa fwi p ro a k o e g o
l e i he litf o o d c ç po iint) f o r me t tf t es n l n wld e f
d
h
OM B' s ac e )i ti matr' 1 ; e as J tv Fe Bu e uo Ive tc to 2 F. u p. d
S e thts n h s te . d.s e lo et . d. ra f n si ain, 41 S p 3
'
1 1 ( D. 2 7 (lo n t eplitf t c n u ta tlp ni d p sto o t a e c s
, 4 D. C. 01 ) alwig h an if o o d c ee ho c e o iin f he g n y'
de lrntr r ng t ade c ofiss rh f r s nsve doc
caa egadi he qua y t eac or epo i
umentl Lin Rasns I v.
s; o ii s nc.
14

UntdS ae De to Ag i.6 6F. p 1 81 1 0 ( D. l2 0 )( e mit gt pli tf t
ie tts p' f rc, 3 Su p. 0 , 1 7 E. Ca. 0 9 p r ti he anif o
n
e gei ti ie dic r vi de ii n'i or t c e t a s fce f ct r co d r ga di
nga n Gm t d s ove y a posto ' n der o r ae ufi int a ual e r e r ng
l

t ea e u c o t a e y' s ac ) E1 d a v De ' o Ho ln Se .5 3F. u p. d28 ,
h d q a y f hé g nc s e rh ; Ba r wi . pt f mea d c, 8 S p 2 5
2 ( Com. 0 )( e mit gçi td ds o eya t t ea e u c o dee d n ' sa c e 'i
31 D. r 20 8 p r ti çmie ic v r s o h d q a y f fn a ts e rh s'n
n l
tef r o d po i o s.
h o m f e st n )
i
I
I.

Propri v ofW ihhol ne D ocum ent under Exem pton 5
et
t
di
s
i

Thepa tesa s diput whehe t fvedoc e slse i t c r ntVa hn i x ha
ri lo s e
t r he i
um nt it d n he ure
ug nde ve

b e p o rywi hedi t i e trt . Th d cl n sa eie tfe i teid x a f lo : 1
e n r pel t l n hef n iey
h
e o l t r d niid n h n e s olws ( )
me
G S.De a t n o t I tro Ag n y Re o m P a ' ( )C S.De rme to Agiut r
I
U.
p rme t f he n eir e c f r ln' 2 S
;
U. pat n f rc lu e
Reo m P a ' ()C S De m me to t eI tro Ag n y Re om Pln & W o kbrePln ig
f r 1n' 3 E . p
; U.
n f h n eir e c fr a
r t c n nn
Upd t (l e d c ) ( )E S.De rme to Ag iulzeAg nc Re o m P a ' a ()I S.
ae si e k ; 4 G
d
U. pa t n f rc tr e y f r 1n' nd 5 S
l
;
U.
Dé a t n o Agiutle Ag nc Reo m Pln & W okfr e Pln ig Up ae (ld d c l'
p rme t f rc lt
r e y fr a
r o c n nn
d t si e e k .
'
Va
uchn I x 1
nde -2.

OM B damst a alfved c me t a es jc t wih o dn i f l u d rj 5 2()5
i h t l i o u n s r ube t o th l ig n ul n e 5 b ( )
(Exe to 55. Ex mpin 5 p r t a a e c t wi h l çn e-g nc o itaa e c
ç mp in '
i
)
e to
emi n g n y o t o d ç tra e y r nr- g n y
s
h
i
m e a z s orl te s t two d no be a ia e by 1w t a pa t ot rt n a a nc i
mor ndtm
e tr ha ul t
val bl
a o
ry he ha n ge y n

l iainwi t a e c . .' 5U. C. 5 2 b ( ) le o a s s n n oh r iie e ,h
i g to t he g n y . .
t
h
'
S. j 5 ( )5 . t nc mp se , mo g t e prv lg st e
de i r tve pr s prvie on whi h OM B r i s Re n,55 F. a 366. OM B tbe r t
lbe a i
oce s i lge
c
ele . i
3 3d t
t a s he

bur nofde nsrtngt tar quetddocl ntflst rt e mpton. JJ (iig5U. C.
de
mo tai ha e se
lme al mde he xe i ' I ctn
' .
S
S.
.

j 5 2 a( )B). Ev n whe a e e to a pl s t e a e y i o lg td t ds l s E an
5 ()4 ( ) e
n n x mp in p i , h g nc s b iae o ico è l j y
e
l
ra o a l s g e a l po t no ar c r 'a trrmo n tee mp maeil 5U. C. 5 2()
e s n b y e r g b e ri f e o d' fe e vig h xe t tra.
o
S. j 5 b .
Th si b c u eth f c E f FOI i if r to n td cl n s a d a a e c c n t u tf
i s e a s i e o us o l A s n omain, o o l t, n n g n y a no j siy
t
me
15

w ilhol ng a e ie doc ents m pl by s i t ti co a nss e e m p m a e i l' M e
tl di n ntr
um
i y
how ng ha t nt i om xe t t r a .
'
ad

Daa ce ta.I .v.U..De to Ai Fo c ,5 6 F.d 2 2 26 ( C.Ci.1 7 ) l f r
t nrl nc
S p' f r re 6 2 4 , 0 D. r 9 7 . E o e
Be
a ovi t a i to o a FOI e mpton,t diti tc tm us ma s ii fndi of
ppr ng he pplcai n f
A xe i he src our
t ke pecfc i ngs
s r biiy r r ng t docume st be wihhe d. Sus m a v.Unied St t sM a s sSe' ,
eg ega lt ega di he
nt o
t l '
'
s n
t
ae
r hal 1
v.

4 4F.d 1 0 ,1 1 ( C. r 20 7 .
9 3 1 6 1 6 D. Ci. 0 )
The de i r tve pr e sprvie i
lbe a i
oc s i l ge nvoked by OM B Gr ss on t obvi r ai a i t t
te t
he
ous e lz ton ha
ofi a swilnotc mt cae c ndi y a ong t ms l s i ea h r m a k i a potnta ie of
fcil l
om mi t a dl m
he eve f c e r s
e i l tm
dic r a fon pa ne . De toft I e i v.Kl t W a e U s r Pr t c i As '
s ove y nd r t ge ws'
' p' he nt ror
amah t r e s o e tve sn,
vie s i
mi
o he
mm '
ç
l
5 2 U. 1 8 ( 0 ) The pri l ge i Gt que t t govet ent'and çhas a nlmber of
3 S. , -9 2 01 .
PI OSCS :
O

i s r t a s e t ts
t e ves o s ur ha ubor na esw ihi a age y w ilf elf e t
di t
t n n nc l e ' e o
r
pr de t de sonm a r wih t i t nhi t d o ni ns a
ovi he cii
ke
t he r mi bie pi o
nd

r c mme d to swih u fa o ltrb i s be top bi rdc l
e o n ain t o t e r f ae eng u j c t u lc iiue
o c ii i m ; t pr e t a i t pr m a r di cl ur of pr
r rtc s
o ot c ga ns e m e s os e
opos d
e
polci be or t y ha bee fnal f mul t ora e a t
i es f e he ve n i ly or aed
dopt d; nd o
pr t c agans conf i t is a mil adi t publc by
oe t i t
usng he s ues nd se ng he
i
dis m i ton o doc e s s si r a ons a r tonals f a
s e na i f um nt ugge tng e s
nd a i e or
c s ofa ton whih we e no i f c t uli ae r a ons f rt
our e
ci
c
r t n a t he tm t e s
o he
a ncy' ac i n.
ge
s to

Co sa Sae Ga Co p. De ' o En r y,61 F.d 8 4 8 6 ( C.Ci.1 8 ) De pt t
at l tts s r v. pt f e g 7 2 5 , 6 D. r 9 0 . s ie he
i ra polc co i r tons unde l ng t dei r tve pr e s prvie co ut ha
mpo tnt iy nsde a i
ryi he lbe a i
oc s
i l ge, t '
s ve
e
mpha ied t ti s d be ç nsr d na r y' a t tt go r m e mus be t e ie a
sz ha t houl
ç tue r owl ' nd ha he ve n nt t t c s nd
co
pr
c e v tve i ispdviege cli s' Et Cor ,25 F. a 1
ons r a i n t
l
am .
' hyl p.
3d t 2489s e alo Coa t Stt s Ga
e s
sal a e
s

Cop. 61 F. a 868 ( e vng t tçhe dei rtve pr e sprvie lke ot r e c i
, 7 2d t
obs r i ha s
t lbeai oc s i lge, i he xe utve
pdvie s s ul benar wl c t e '.
lge , ho d
ro y onsnzd')

16

I od rt u tf t a plc to o t ed lb rtv p o e sp i ie e theg v r me t t
n r e oj siy he p iai n f h eieaie r c s rvlg ,t o e n n mus
t
s o t a, i t e c n e t i wh c te maeil ( r ) us d te d c me t ( r l boh
h w h t n h o tx n ih h
tras wee e , h o u n s wee t
p e e iina a dd lb r tv . Soes I c v.n en l ve u Sev, 2 F.d3 3 3 9(t Ci.
r d cso l n eie ai e' lr.n . I tr a Re n e r .8 7 3 2 , 2 4 h r
'
2 6 (leain i o i ia)(ne a q tto maks a d ctto o te ) A d c me ti
01 ) atrto s n rgn l itm l uoain r n iain mitd .
ou n s
pr de sona i i wa ( e e i or r t as itan a nc de i i
e cii l f t s l par d n de o ss
pr
ge y c sonmake i a vi a hi
r n ni ng t s
decson,r t rt n t s
ii a he ha o uppor adec so ar a m a ' Pe r e l I o.Cor v. t d St t
t
ii n le dy de.
' toltm nf
p. Unie aes

De t f h I tro , 7 F.d 1 9 1 3 ( C. r 1 9 ) Ast eUntdS ae Co r o Ap e l
p'o t e ne ir 9 6 2 42 , 4 4 D. Ci. 9 2 . h i tts u t f p as
e
f t D . Cic tpr vi us y e ai d'
or he C. r ui e o l xpl ne .

Exe i 5 does no a y t fna a ncy a tonst tc tt e
mpton
t ppl o i l ge
ci
ha onsiut
sae e sofpolc orfnalo ni nst tha t f c ofl w,or
t tm nt
iy i
pi o ha ve he or e a
whi e an a tons t ta a nc has ar ady t ke N o doe
ch xpli c i .ha n ge y
le
a n. r s
Exe i 5 pr t c c
mpton
o e t omm u c tonst ti e e a e t bls d
nia i ha mplm nt n sa ihe
polc o a a nc Thi l t e lm ia i n o Exe pton 5 g e o
i y f n ge y.
s a t r i t to n
m i
r w ut
oft Su e eCo tsa ova . . t ditnc i dr wn by l r
he pr m
ur' ppr l . of he si ton a
owe
coursbe we n d e ii nalc
t t e : decs o
pr
ommt c tons whih a eprviege
mi a i , c r i l d,
and c
omm t cai nsm a a trt de son a desgne t e an
mi to
de fe he cii nd i d o xpl i
i w hi h a e not'
t
c r
'

Ta to wihRe r s n ain F n v.ntr a Re e u Se'. 6 F. 6 6 6 7( C. .r 1 81
xain t p e e tto u d I e n l v n e 1 , 46 2d 6 , 7 D. Ci. 9 )
v
( u tn Na' La rReain Bd.v.Se r.Ro b k & Co. 4 U. 1 2,1 - 2 (9 )
q oi g tl bo lto s
a s e uc
, 21 S. 3 51 5 1 75)
(ddii ctto omitd) Addii l G ve i t doc nti prdecsonala t tmei i
a tonal iains te .
tonaly,t n f he ume s e ii
e
the i t s
pr pa e i c n l et tsausi i i a e f r ly ori or ly,a t a nc poston on a
e r d, t a os ha tt f t s dopt d, o ma l nf mal s he ge y ii
n
i s ori us d by t age y i is de lngs wih t publc. Coa t lSt t G a .Cop . 61 F.
s ue s e
he nc n t a i
t he
i'
'
s a a es s
, 7 2d

a 8 6 s eas Se r,4 U. a l (olig t tdfa a e c c o e t e p e sy a o to
t 6 ; e lo as 21 S. t 61 h dn ha ç n g n y ho s s o x r sl d p r
i
i c po aeb rfrnc g)... moa dl p e iusy c v r db Ex mp in 5i wha wo d
n o rt y eee e a
me r n tm r vo l o e e y e to n t ul
ot r i e be a f na opi on,t tm e or nd l m a be w ihhel onl o t g ot d t ti f ls
he w s
i l ni ha
m a lm
y
t d y n he r m ha t a l

wihnt c v r g o s mee mp inohe ta Exe to 5'.
t i he o ea e f o xe to t r h n mp in 5
)

I a ton t bengpr de sona , doc ntmus bedelber tvet gai pr e i l r
n ddii o i
e cii l a ume
t
i ai o n otcton mde
t prvie i
he i lge nvokedby OM B. Ciy ofVici aBe h v.Unie St t Dep' ofComme c ,995
t
r ni ac
td aes
t
re

F. 1 1 ( hCi.19 . A docume i dei rtvei ttrfe t t gi -nd-a oft
2d 247, 253 4t r 93)
nt s lbeai f ç elcs he vea tke he
i
c ula i pr es .. b r ve lng t m a ri whi ht age y e l t spos i eale na i
ons t tve oc s . y e a i he nne n c he nc vaua e
sbl t r tve

p l iso o to s' 1 (nena q o ai n maksa d ctto o te ) Sl p iie e tus
oi e r u c me . d. i tr l u tto r n iain mitd . l- rv lg h
c
'
-he
p oe t çe o n ain , d a t d cl n s p o o as s g e to s a ohe s be tv
r tcs r c mme d to s rf o l t, r p s l, u g sin , nd t r u j cie
me
docune swhih r fec t pe s na o ni oft wrt rr t rt n t polc oft a nc ''
t nt
c e l t he r o l pi ons he ie a he ha he iy he ge y.'

Soe s I .8 F.da 3 9(mp a i o te )( u t gCiyO Vign aBe c 9 5F. a 1 3 .
lrsnc, 27 3 t 2 e h ss mitd q oi t f r ii a h, 9 2d t 25 )
n
On t ot rha t prvie (
he he nd, he i l ge t
doesno pr e ta docl e whih i me ey pe i r lt a tll
t ot c
t nt c s r l rphe a o c t
m
a

p lc f r to t erc r mus b a o t fr lto o e e cs o p lc - re tdj dg n .
o iy o main;h e od t e r n he o mu ain r x r ie f oiy o in e u me t'
'
Et Cor ,25 F. a 1
hvl p.
3d t 248. Addii nal Gsnc t pr pe tofdic os ei l s lkey t ma
to ly,li e he os c
s l ur s e s i l o ke
an ad s ra i orf dge r w f c st opi ons pur y f c m a e i ldoe no f lwihi t
vio dm t u
a a t han ni , el a mal t ra
s t al t n he
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DATE Thst
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d yo pe e, 01
a rse tmb r2 9.

Se orUnie Stt sDititj
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