Hudson v. Pittsylvania County, Virginia et al

Filing 44

MEMORANDUM OPINION. Signed by District Judge Michael F. Urbanski on 2/3/12. (ham)

CL
ERKS OFFI U, D17 .
CE S. :T COURT
AT ROANOKE,
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I TH E U N I
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By: M i
chaelF.U rbanski
Unied St es Di t ctJudge
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at
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D ef
endant
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M EM O R AN DU M O PI I N
N O

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s te s o e he our n antf
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a ntf ee n de e udi
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meisofhe Esa ihme Clus cam;( s i lkeyt s frir paa eham i t
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a
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o
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ofas cii det a s ae wih a ones ii fihi pr r gi na ( r me tngs'
pe fc iy socitd t ny
pecfc at n ayes ve t Boadj ei .
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Th sp ei n r ij n to d e n t rcu eteBo r fo b gn i gi me tn swih
i r l a y nu cin o s o p e l d h a d r m e in n t eig t
mi
s
a pr rt tdoe notr m a ouloft Es a i hm en Cl us The Boa d m a open ism e tngs
aye ha
s
t f
he t bls
t a e.
r
y
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wih apr rori
t
aye
nvocai buti doi s i ' tsrvet benonde i tona s l a
ton,
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mus ti o
nom na i l o ong s
t i r as bl pos i e ts d s nd asg lofwelome r t rt n excuson.l s d
hat s e ona y sbl-i houl e
ina
c
ahe ha
l i
t houl

n t ee ttetn t o oh rfi i fvo o j t n . J v e v. rv hCo nv 6 3F.d3 ,
o rj c h e es f t e at n a r f us o e' o n r Fo s t u t, 5 3 41
hs
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201
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i p ei n r ij n to i a e ta r iayrme yn v ra r e a o rg t'W itr
$ rlmi ay n u cin s n x ro dn r e d e e wad d s f ih . n e
A
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v. t alRes De .
Naur
. f Councl l .555U. 7, ( ;Re Tr hAboutOba .I .v.Fed.
i,nc,
S. 24 2008) al ut
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e ton
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) va td
he ounds 1 S. .
, 30 Ct2371
( 0 .I i ar me t ti (s a e onl s rngl a i lmie cic tnc .'
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M ir rt v.nc. M ot ol l ,2 F. 335,33 ( hCi.2001 ( i Die lre.
c ostaeg l v. or a.nc. 45 3d
9 4t r
) quotng rx sa l
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ted )
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tng

camso ij r a dmus c n ie teefc o e c p ryo t g a tn o wi h l igo t e
li f n u y n
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rque t r le.'Amoc Pr Co. Ga l480U. 531 542( 987) tne r sngt r
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mplyn h xr o dn r e d f n u cin. ib r e v. meo Bac l, 5 S.
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1 Thef t oft sc ear s tf t i f li t M e or
acs hi as e e orh n ul n he m andum Opi on o defndant'm otont dim is5l
ni n e
s
i o s s ed
c e porneousy wiht so ni Thos f c saei or ae heei by rf rnc Thus t sopi onpr e
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iety o o sd r h rl r nu t
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r or , olo ng he di
he r n ntr ig ai if e ng
mei nay ij onmus e tbls t thei lkeyt s ce dont me is t thei lk yt
lmi r nundi
t sa ih ha s i l o uc e
he rt,ha s iel o
s f rir par bl ha m i t a e e ofpr lm i r r i , ha t ba a e ofe te tps i hi
uf e r e a e r n he bs nc
e i na y elef t t he l nc
quii s i n s

fv r a t a a ij ncini i t p bi itr s. 5 5U. a 2 .A p ei n z ij n t n
a o , nd h t n nu to s n he u l nee t' 5 S. t 0
c
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r lmiay nu ci
o
ca
nnotbeis d unl s al f oft s e e nt a eme . 1
s ue
e s l our he e l me s r t d.
I t sc e pl ntf a s r st ts m e t a 1f oft e r quied el e s She
n hi as , ai i f s e t ha he e s l our hes e r
em nt .

a g t ts i lke yt s ce d on t m e isofhe Esa ihm e Cl us cli be a et
r ues ha he s i l o uc e
he rt
r t bls nt a e am c us he
pr ye svoi e by t Boa d co it n l a r pe t y r f rt t Chrsi n det t ts wil
a r
c d he
r nsse ty nd e aedl e e o he ita iy; ha he l
s f rir pa a eha m dlrng t pende y oft sltga i i s i c it nty e
ufe re r bl r zi he
nc
hi ii ton f he s onsse l xpos dt
e o
gove nm e - pons ed s c a i n pr rt ti s cii a l Chrs i i na ur , ha t vi a i
r nt s
or e t ra aye ha s pe fc ly
i tan n t e' t he ol ton
t
ofa f
unda e alc tt i lr ghttpst ba a ofeq te i he f vo ;a t ti i i t
m nt onsiutona i i he l nce
uii s n r a r nd ha t s n he
publc i e e tt uphol s h rght .
i nt r s o
d uc i s
The Boa d,on t ot ha as e t t tpl i i ff l t m e ta oft f rne s a y
r
he her nd, s rs ha a ntf ais o e ny he ou ce s r
e e e s a gui t ts i unlke y t s ce d on t m e is ofhe Es a i hm e Cl us
l m nt , r ng ha he s i l o uc e
he r t
r t bls nt a e

cam' rij re aet ormoea ds e ult t b irp rbe tebaa c o e ute t si
li , nu is r o e t n p c ai o e re aa l;h ln e f q iis i n
he
ve
p
t Boa d' f vorbe us pl i ifs e t r src t f toni ofa g r nt body;a
he r s a
ca e antf e ks o e tit he unc i ng
ove nme al
nd

ap ei n r ij n to i t i c s i n ti tep bi itr s b c us iwo l h n e t
r l ay nu cin n h s a e s o n h u lc nee t e a e t ud id r he
mi
Boa d' a lt t ope a e a s r t c tz nsofPit yl ni Count
r s biiy o r t nd e ve he ii e
ts va a
y.

Ha ng gi n t is c r f c i r ton, hec ttndst tpl i ifpl nl me t
vi
ve he s ue a eul onsde a i t our i ha antf ai y e s

al o ro t ep ei n r ij n to ee n s a dta p ei n r ij n tv r l fi ma d td
1 f u f h r l ay nu cin lme t, n h t rlmia y nu cie ei s n ae
mi
e
i t scase.
n hi

3

A . Li lhood ofSucc s on t M e i s
ke i
es
he r t .

A prlmi r ij tonfrtrquiesplitf t pr t ts i lkeyt s e don
ei nay n unci is e r anif o ove ha he s i l o ucc e
t m e is ofhe Es abls e Cl us c ai . Se W i e ,555 U . a 20. A ss tf t i de a l
he r t
r t i hm nt a e l m
e pt r
S. t
e orh n t i
i t co tsM e o a
n he ur '
m r ndum Opi on de ng t B o r sm oton t di m i s t Supr m e Cour
ni
nyi he a d'
i o s s , he
e
t
a Fourh Ci c tha m a i ve y cl a t tt Boa d' pr d i e ofr i l ope ng is
nd
t r ui ve de t r e r ha he
r s a c
outne y ni t

m e tngswih Ch itan pr yervi a e t Esa il ntCl us .Coun y ofAle nv v.
ei
t rsi
a
olt s he tblsune
a e
t
lahe

ACLU Gr trPitbur Cha e , U. 573( 989 ; a s v.Cha r, U. 783
eae ts ch ptr 492 S. 1 ) M rh
mbes 463 S.
(98 ; oyne , F. 341;W ynne 376F.d292.
1 3) J r 653 3d
,
3
A sw ast c e i W vnne a J
he as n
nd ovne , a ntf i lke y t pr i on he cl i t tt
r pl i i f s i l o eva l
r a m ha he
Boa d' pr d i ofr ul l ope ng m e tngswih pr ye sm a ng s cii r f r nce t J s
r s a ce eg m'
y
ni
ei
t a r ki pe fc e e e
o e us
Chr s cons iut s gove
it
tt e
nune a nc m e ta e
nt dva e n nd ndor e e ofone f ih vi atve oft
s m nt
a t ol i
he

Esabls ntClus Be aus t Boa d' c it ntpr c ieha be n t r utne y i ket
t ihme
a e. c e he r s onsse a tc s e o o i l nvo he
na e oft Chrs i n de t i is pr ye s pl n ifi lkel t pr vai on herc ai t tt
m
he i ta iy n t a r , ai tf s i y o e l
l m ha he
Boa d' ac i dem ons r t a pr f r nce f Chr s i niy o r o he r i ousdeno i tons
r s tons
ta e
eee
or i ta t ve t r elgi
m na i .
Suc a pr e e i i ons s e w ih t Es a i hm e Cl us Gi n t c e r
h
ef r nce s nc i t nt t he t bls nt a e. ve he l a

pr nounc m e soft Fourh Cic ti W ynnea J vne ,2t er can beltl doubtt t
o
e nt he
t r ui n
nd o r h e
ite
ha
pli ifi lkey t s e on t m e isa ha e t bls d t tr tnec s r e e ntf
antf s i l o ucc ed he rt nd s sa ihe he i s es a y l me or

p ei n r ijmci er l f
r l ay n t tv ei .
mi
e

2Bo h i ag l n a d o brel heBo r a v c t st epo iin tk nb tedis n i J v ra d a g e t a t e
t n r t t n n it t
me
a d d o a e h sto a e y h s e t n o ne n r u s h t h
c s wa wr n l d cd db teFo rhCic t j rt.I o p sn pei n r ij n tv rl fteBo r ug d
a e s o gy e ie y h u t ruimao i n p o ig rl ay nu cie ei ,h ad re
y
mi
e

t cour t w atuntlt Supr m eCour consder t peii frwrtofce tor r fl byt Foryt Couny
he
t o i i he
e
t
i s he tton o i
ri a i ied he s h
t
Boa d ofComm i soner Ast Cour de e c r i a ii J ron J r 1 201 t Boa d' a gum e i
r
s i s. he
t ni d e tor r n ovne
anua y 7, 2, he r s r
nt s
f ec os d,a J rr a nst 1 w oft sc r ui.
or l e nd ovne em i he a
hi ic t

4

*

=

a. I r parabl H ar .
re
e
m 3

I or rt prvalonhe moto f prlmi r ij ton, anifmus pr t ts
n de o e i
r in or ei nay n unci plitf t ove ha he
i lkel t s f ir pa a e ha m i t a e ofpr i i r r le . Se W i e ,555 U . a
s i y o ufer r e r bl r n he bs nce
elm na y e i f e nt r
S. t

tre aa eij r mus belk l rt e ta u t sil. Ca a av Fa nn No.
t rp rbl nu y t iey, ah r h nj s po sbe' n d . n i,
l
'
7:0c
1 v00432,2011W L 2600578,a * ( . Va.J 29,2011 (ii W i e ,555U. a
t 2 W D. une
) ctng ntr
S. t
21.l dee ni wha i c i rd irpaa eham,t E ywo d...i irpaa e. Va
) n tnni ng t s onsdee re rbl r he t
ke r
s re rbl ' .
'
Cha esAsocitdGe Contacor,l .v.Kz ps 444F.Supp.11 11 ( . Va.1 .
ptr s ae n. r t s nc
e ,
67, 82 W D.
978)

M ee ij re ,h we e s b tnil i tnnso mo e tme a d
r nu is o v r u sa ta, n e
f n y, i n
e gy nec s rl e nded i t a e e of a s a a e not
ner
es a iy xpe
n he bs nc
t y, r
e
noug The pos i lt t t a ade t co pe aor or ot
h.
sbiiy ha n quae m ns t y
her
co r c i r i wilbe a l e a a l t da e,i t or na y
r e tve elef l
vaiabl t aer t n he di r
co s of ltga i w e ghs he viy a i t a cl m of ir par e
ur e
ii ton, i
a l ga ns
ai
r e abl
har .
m

1 ( i Va.Petolum J r As' v.Fe Powe Comm ' 259F. 921 9 ( C.Ci.
d.quotng
r e obbes sn
d. r
n,
2d , 25 D. r
1 ).
958)
TheSupr Cour ha hedt ttgl l sofFis Ame
eme
t s l ha ûthe os
rt ndme fe ms f re n
nt redo , o ve

mii l ei d o tme u q e to byc n tttsi e aa l ij r . Elodv. ms 4
nma p ro s f i , n u sina l o si e r p rbe nu y' r
u r
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Bu , 27
U .S. 47, ( 976 . TheFourhCicuihasf l d s t Se News v. be reCount
3 373 1 )4
t r t olowe ui, e
om Al mal
v,

35 F. 2 261( hCi. 03 ;Giva Caa a, d. Ba o 303F.d507,520- ( h
4 3d 49, 4t r 20 ) o ni rndol Lt v. s n,
3
21 4t
Ci.
r 2002) seas J onv.Ber a 58 F. 993,995(t Ci.1 )( di t t
; e lo ohns
glnd, 6 2d
4h r 978 hol ng ha

tv ilto o frt me me trg t c n tmt p rs irp rbl ij r ) W h l Ne o
l lo ains f is a nd n ih s o si e e e re aa e n u f'. ie ws m,
l

3A sa e s d i deai i t M e or ndum Opi o onde e nt'm otont dim is pl ntf sdiec co ac
ddr s e n t ln he m a
nin
f nda s
i o s s , ai if' r t nt t

wihteBo r sr ui , rsinp a e etbih sh rij r i fc a sa dn t bigti a t n.Ths
t h ad' o t Chita ry r sa l e e nuy n a t nd tn ig o rn hs ci
ne
s
o
i
o i o po e d t a de steirp rbl n tr o ta ijr .
pnin rc e s o d rs h re aa e au e f h tnuy
4Elodi ve vi a i oft Fis Amendm e fe m ofa s ito semm i fom alge par
r nvol d oltons he rt
nt r edo
s ocain t
ng r le d tonage
e plym e de si ba e onpoltc a flai 427U. a 349.
m o nt ci ons s d
iial fiiton.
S. t

5

Bao a dBe aa dal l ta irp rbeij r fo fo av oaino teFrt
s n n r ln 1hod h t re a a l nu y l ws r m i lto f h is
Am e e , ne i ve t Es a i h e Cl us s
ndm nt no nvol d he t bls m nt a e.

l Cha anc ofFul Gos lChurhesv.Enclnd, F. 290( C. r 20 ,pq
n pli v
l ne
c
a 454 3d
D. Ci. 06) -

rma 51 F.Su 2d 11 ( D. 2007) qfd,5 F. 75 ( C. r 2008 , er. ni
e nd, 6
pp.
9 D. C.
, f' 34 3d 6 D. Ci. ) c tde ed,
1 S. Ct 1 ( 9)6t D i ti ofCol bi Cic tCo tofAppea s a es e t i s of
29
um a r ui ur
l ddr s d he s ue
. 918 200 , he srct
ir pa a e ha m i t Es a i hm e tCl e co e t a i s doi em pha i ed t pe s
r e r bl r n he t bls n aus nt x , nd n o ng,
s z he r e

n tr o t eirpaa l ij r atn a t oa Esa ls me t a s vilto Th D. Cic i
au e f h re rb e n u y te d n t n tb ih n Clu e oain. e C. rut
tr tc r t d a Es a ihm e Cl us c a m f om ot r Fi s A m endm e vi a i
i s ontas e n t bls nt a e l i r
he r t
nt ol tons:

( he pe tne lbet (n a Esabls nt Clus cai i
T1
ri nt i ry i n t ihme
a e l ml s
pr e ton aga ns gove nm e i poston of a s a e r i on or
ot c i
i t
r nt m ii
t t elgi
r i ous pr f r e. Thi pr t c i
elgi
e e enc
s o e ton, unlke ot r Fis
i
he
rt
A m endm e r gh s t t a e va i nt of t f e m t e es
nt i t ha r r a s
he r edo o xpr s
ones f r r no afi tve c
el, equies
fnna i
onduc on t pa 4 of t
t
he l
he
i vi
ndi dual bef e is guar ees ar i plcat by gover ent
or t
ant
e m i ed
nm
act on.
i

Jla 302.Afe hihlghtngt difrnc bewe nvi ai oft Esa ihme Clus a
-s t
t
tr g i i he fee e t e oltons he tbls nt a e nd
ot rFi s A m e
he r t
ndm e tcl i s t co te pha i ed t tt ha m as oc a ed wih a
n a m , he ur m s z ha he r s i t
t n
Esabls e Cl us vi a i oc ur i m edi t y upo t gove n ents pr f r nc or
t i hm nt a e ol ton c s m
a el
n he
r m ' ee e e
e r e en ofr i on'
ndo s m t elgi .

( j l we have rquie i vi l s e ng a pr i nay
W hie
e r d ndi duas e ki
elmi r
ij ton on Fis Amend nt gr
n unci
rt
me
ounds t de tae a
o monsrt
lke i
i lhood t tt y a e e
ha he r ngag ng orw o d e ge i t pr ec e
i
ul nga n he ot t d

5 e o rv re d nil fapei n r ij n t niv ligt fe s e c i lcto so as h o desc d .
N wsm e esd e a o rl ay nu ci n ovn he re p eh mpiain f c o l rs o e
mi
o
Ba oni ve aFis Am endm e c lnget asaesaueoutawi e i da ng on fees c gr
s nvol d rt
nt hale
o tt t tt l ng xotc nci
r pee h ounds l
.n

Beca d teFo rhCic t e re ted na o p ei n r ij n tv r l fi aFis Ame me tc s iv l n
rln ,h ut ruirves d h e il f rl ay nu cie ei n rt nd n ae n ovig
mi
e
r
emova ofasaeem pl eonpa ts n poltc gr nds
l
tt
oye
ria
iial ou .
6A lhough Cha ai ofFul Gos Chur hesha s e s eque hi t y, i doe notbe on t i s of
t
pl ncv
l pel
c
s om ubs nt sor t s
ar he s ue

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o Pityl ni Count The Boa d f rhera s r st ti pr de a via gove nm e f ton
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f e tvel r or ng t s nta ve nm nt unc i ns
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ij tonwor nocha t t busnes pori oft Boadmeei whihma pr e das
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