Bundick v. Doe et al

Filing 38

MEMORANDUM OPINION. Signed by District Judge Glen E. Conrad on 6/28/2011. (jat)

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t d a es s rc udge

D e e nt .
f nda s
Thi di st c e a l st tt de e
s ver iy as lege ha he f ndan J hn D oe ne i nty o r t a ta t
to
glge l pe a ed r c or

tal tuc whiei t e oyofScmei rNai Care s(t hnei r' a t r yc usd
r ier r k l n he mpl
l de tonal rir Csc de' nd heeb a e
)
a ac i nta one m ilo d l r 'w o t ofda a s t t pl i tf . hnei rhasm ove
n c de nd
li n ola s r h
m ge o he a n if Sc de
d

u d rFe ea Rueo Cii P o e u e5 f rs
n e d rl l f vl r c d r 6 o ummayj d me t wh c , o t ef l wig
r u g n- ih f r h ol n
o
r a ons wilbe de e
es , l
ni d.
Fact Background
ual

Take i t lg m os f vo a e t t non- ovi pa t s e Te r sFl Fa hi s
n n he i ht
t a r bl o he
m ng ry, e r y' oor s ons

l v. lngonl aI , F. 604,61 ( h Ci.1 ) t rlva fcsaea
nc. Buri t ndus- nc.763 2d
0 4t r 985 ,he ee nt a t r s
f l s
olow :
Ata oxi a e y 6: a. . J y 9,201 J Anna Bundi k,t pl i t f , a drvi
ppr m t l 45 m on ul
0, o
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he 1 Pl
r 995 ymout Neon i t rghtlneofs ut undl e sa e 81ne rt Ciy of
h
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Ha s
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g, r ni
out o n xnm na i t ue dge
t
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s e di t e i f o ofhe i t s m e l ne wasa ta t ta l rt uc drve b def nd ntJ hn
om s anc n r nt
r n he a a
r c or r ie r k i n y e a o
D oe.A st t uck began t as
he r
o cend an i i i began t m ove s ewhatm ore sl l t
nclne, t
o
om
ow y han

Bundi k, nd Bundi k de de t pa si.Acc di t Bu c s c c d he r a - ew
c a
c ci d o s t
or ng o ndi k, he he ke r e r vi
m ir ,l ked ove he l f s d ,c c he m ir a i a m e ge i o t l f l ne t
ror oo
r r e t houl er he ked r r or ga n, nd r d nt he e 4 a o

c pl t t m a uver A ss beg n t pa st t u k,how e r i m ove i t he l ne ofta l
om e e he ne
.
he a o s he r c
ve , t
d no r a
r ve ,
c us ng t r a l f s de oft ta l rt sr ke t f ontr g s de ofBundi k' ve c e.The
a i he e r e t i
he r ie o ti he r i ht i
c s hi l
i pa tc us d Bundi k' c rt s n i c r e a o m a e y f tm e be or com i t a r s
m c a e
c s a o pi n icl s ppr xi t l our i s f e
ng o e t
o t rghts de oft r w a
n he i houl r he oad y.
D oe di nots o hi t u k, r d d Bundi k m a ge t r c d hi lc ns pl t nu be .
d
t p s r c no i
c
na o e or s i e e a e m r
N ora e t e a kno n w ines est t a i nto he t n Bundi k a t t u k drve .
r her ny w
t s o he cc de t r ha
c nd he r c i r

Bundik di howeve ,obs r et tt tu k ha a or nge c b a awhietal r a i or d
c d,
r e v ha he r c d n a
a nd
t r ie , nd nf me

b t t efrtr s o d r(o c n ctz nCr sa Du re a dteiv siai gsaeto pe o
oh h is e p n e c n e wd iie y tl p e ) n h n e tg tn tt r o r f
t e f t.
hos ac s
Alhough s f ie t i or D upr e a t s a e t oo rofa f t ri o m a i n
t
he a l d o nf m
e nd he t t r pe
ny ur he nf r to

i en iyi t al ge y-oguetuc a t tm eoft c lson,
d tf ng he le dl r
r k t he i
he olii Bundi k now a s rst ts
c
s e t ha he
a s notc d t tt c b bor aditnc i l f a urngwhiedas s ndwihedbet e t
lo ie ha he a
e si tve ogo e t i
t
hes a
c
we n wo
bl k s rpe ,r s m blng a r dw a Se r lda a t rt coli i Bundi k s w a hert a t
ac t i s e e i
oa y. ve a ys fe he ls on,
c a not r c or
taierw ih t s m e di tnc i r dw a de i Tha ca ha t w or tsc de ' w rte on
r l
t he a
s i tve oa y s gn. t b d he
d k hnei r' it n
i.Bundi k t n w en t t W a m a tdi ti i c nt rl a e ne t l 81 i M ountCr w f d,
t
c he
t o he l r srbuton e e oc t d xt o - n
a or

Vigi a wher s s w a nlmbe ofor nge Sc de tuc s tng t s
r ni ,
e he a
z r
a
hnei r r ks pori he nme ditnc i
si tve

r a wa d sg ao wihtena d c ed r'( n ikAf. ! 1 - 2)S rl atrt
o d y e in lng t h me t hn ie . Bu dc f! 0 1 . ho t fe he
s
'
y
ac i t Bundik alo a lge y m a s
cden ,
c s le dl de omeha
ndwrte no e pe t ni t i, c c a n
it n t s rai ng o t whi h onti
r f r nc s s h a t a t a t ta l r
e e e e uc s t nge r c or r ie
or

Sc li r ,' d low /o a /f d /Sc m /Sc
hilnge s ' t l
ye
r nge ade
l
hl

?' a a dr w i ofa S- ha r dwa des g a i ta a s t e ofa r ty t r l t d
' nd
a ng
n s ped oa y i n m ds n s or m nt ppa en l m e a e

nottons ( ke No.29- a 4- )
ai . Doc t
1 t 5.

Bundik fl s ton Ocobe 1 201 i t Cic tCour f Roc nghn Count ,
c ied ui
t r 5, 0 n he r ui
t or ki m
y
a l ng t co s ofne i nc The fr tco a s r st tde e ntD oe a t d neglge l
legi wo unt
glge e.
is unt s e t ha f nda
ce
i nty
a C a age a e pl yee ofde e ntSch i rN a i na Ca e s I . a w a
nd t
was n nt nd m o
f nda
ne de to l ni r , nc , nd s

peror nghi duiswihi t s opeofhi e o nt'(
f mi s te t n he c
s mplyme . Compl a !5. Thescondc nt
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.t )
e
ou
a srs éjj t ale nai ,'ha defnda Doea tdne i tya t drvi atacor
se t,sin he tr tve't t e nt
ce glgenl nd û
was i ng r t
taie noto
r lr wnedb defnda Sc i rNai l'(
y e nt hnede tona. Compla ! 1 )
'
. t 0.
Defnda Sch i Nai Ca e s l (t hnede ' flda a we i saec t
e nt neder tonal nir ,nc.d
sc i r' ie n ns r n tt our
)
a s e nty r ove t c e t t sc to t ba i o di r iy ofcii e hi
nd ubs que l em d he as o hi our n he s s f ve s t
tz ns p.
Sc m e de i aN e da c por ton w ih ispr nc pa pl c o bus ne si W i c i w hie
l i rs
va or a i
t t i i l a e f i s n s ons n, l

Bundik i a ctz n ofVigi a.J l Doe' ctz ns p i
c s ii e
r ni om
s iie hi s

own.Bundik s e $1m ilon i
c e ks
li n

dn a s
m ge .

OnM ac 1 , 01 , h ed rmo e f rs mmayj d me t Afe a i -h mb r
r h 6 2 1 Sc n i e v d o u r u g n . tr n n c a e s
h aigo t emoinf rs mmayj d me tt ec u t e te Bu dc t fl a a iin l
e rn n h to o u r u g n ,h o r p nni d n ik o ie n ddt a
t
o
brefi o
i n ppost o t de e
ii n; he f ndan st n r s
t he e ponde A hea i on t r or w a c
d.
r ng
he ec d s onduc ed i
t n
lghtoft s e e e r co d,a t m oton w a s it t t c t oris r i
i
he uppl m nt d e r nd he
i
s ubm ted o he our f t ulng.
D icuss on
s i

An a r o s mmayj g n i a p o raewhe t ep e dng ,heds o eya d
wa d f u r ud me t s p r p it n h la i s t ic v r n
di c os e m a e i l on t l a a a fda t s
s l ur
t r a s i e, nd ny f i vis how t tt r i no ge ne i s a t a
ha he e s
nui s ue s o ny

maeilfc a t tt mova ti e ildt j gmen a amatroflw.FED. CI P.
tra a t nd ha he
n s ntte o ud t s te a
R. V.

5 () A pat s e igs mmayj d me tb ast eiiil u d no s o n t ea sn eo a
6 a . ry e kn u r u g n e r h nta b r e f h wi g h b e c f
ge neis ofmae ilfc.CeotxCop.v.Cart,477U. 31 323( 98 . fc i
nui sue
tra a t l e
tet
S. 7,
1 6) A a t s
m at i i i m i af ec t out e oft s tundergover ng l .A nder v.Li y
er al f t ght f t he com
he ui
ni aw
son
bert

Lo by l c, 7 U. 2 , 4 ( 9 6 . o ap ry' e ie c t rieai e uie'su o
b .n .4 7 S. 42 2 8 1 8 ) F r a t s vd n e o as d n n 'is e f
g
maeil a ts fiin t a i s mma yj d me t imu tb ' u ht t r a o a l j r c u d
tra fc u fce t o vod u r u g n,t s e t c ha a e s n be uy o l
s
rtunaveditf t non- ngpat 'J I ma ngt sdee mi i çhec ti
et' r c or he movi ry. . n ki hi tr naton,t our s
'(.
t
r quie t vi w t f t and d a r s bl i e e e i a lghtm os f vor bl t t
e r d o e he ac s
r w ea ona e nf r nc s n i
t a a e o he

nonmovi pa t 'Sha v.Stoud,1 F. 791 798( hCi.1 4)
ng ry. w
'
r
3 3d , 4t r 99 .
Onc t m o ng pa t ha m e isi ta btr n ofde
e he vi
ry s t t niil lde
monsr tngt a e ofa
tai he bs nce
ge neis ofm ae ilf t t bur n s hst t nonm o ng pa t t s
nui s ue
tra ac , he de hi o he
vi
ry o how t tt r i
ha he e s
m or t t om e m e a
e han û
s
t physca doubtast t m a e i f c s' M a s hia El c.l .Co. Lt
i l
o he t ral a t . t us t e ndus
'
- d.

v. nt Ra i Co p.4 5U. 5 4 5 6 8 ( 98 ) Th s t f rsal u
Ze i do r , 7 S. 7 , 8 - 7 1 6 . u ,o o etl s mmmyj d me tte
h
u g n ,h
non ovi pa t mus s tf t (s cii f cs' m o i t m o et n atme e...s ntlaof
m ng ry
t e orh tpe fc a t'a untng o r ha t r
ci il
evi nc ' Ande s 477 U . a 248, 2. orc n t nonm ov ng pa t û r a e a ge ne i s
de e.'
r on,
S. t
25 N
a he
i
ry d e t
c
nui s ue
ofm a e i lf c t oug m e e s c a i ort buidi ofo i e e e upon a he . Be l
t r a a t hr h r pe ul ton he l ng
ne nf r nc
not r' a e
'

v. r 769F. 21 21 ( h Ci.1 (ii Ba wi v.CeotxCor ,736F. 9 963
Hady,
2d 3, 4 4t r 985) ctng r ck
le
p.
2d 46,
( hCi.1 ) W he et r c dt na awhoec dnotla artona tiroffc t fnd
4t r 984). r he e or ake s
l oul
e d ai l re a t o i
f rt nonm ovi pa t t r i no t nui i s f ti l' M a s hia 475 U . a 587.On t
o he
ng ry, he e s d
ge ne s ue or r a . t us t ,
'
S. t
he

oh rh n , f e s na l midsc u ddfe a t tei o t ft e ie c , u r j d me t
t e a d i r ao be n o l ifr s o h mp r o he vd n e s mmay u g n
m us be de ed.Ande s n,477 U . a 250.
t
ni
ro
S. t
Schnei spr entm oton raiesonl a nar ow i ue:whet t evi
der' es
i
s
y
r ss
her he dence cor aled by
rl

Bundi k e t bls a ge ne di put a tt i ntt oft t a t taie dr ve by Doe.Se
c s a ihes
nui
s e bou he de iy he r c or r l r i n
e
D oc tN o. a 3 n.3.Sc m e de a gue t ti doe not gi n t tBundi k t d t fr t
ke
29 t
l i r r s ha t s , ve ha
c ol he i s
r ponde s onl t tt t uc w a o a ,nott ti bel d t Sc m ei r t tm a oft
es
r
y ha he r k s r nge
ha t onge o l de ; ha ny he
or nge t a t t a l r t a lng on 1 81 be ong t co pa esot rt n Sc m e de ;a t tt r
a
r c or r ie s r ve i
l
o m ni he ha l i r nd ha he e

i no e d nc t tone oft Sc de ve ce s n b Bundik da afe t c lson wa t
s vi e e ha
he hnei r hi ls ee y
c ys tr he olii
s he
one t tha pr vi l s r k he .
ha d e ous y tuc r Thus Sc i e c nt ndst tû he e i no e de e f om a
, hne d r o e
ha t r s
t
vi nc r
ny

s tr t tSc i rwasi ve 'i t colii ( ke No. a 2.
olce ha hnede
nvol d' n he lson.Doc t 29 t )
ButSc i rr t rove s a e is c s l i s m pl nott e a Sc m e de ha a gue
hne de a he
r t t s t a e. t s i y
nz , s l i r s r d,

ta Bu d c slv l go b a a Sc n i e i p r , o j cu a s e ulto b s dmeeyo
h t n ik' e ei f lme t h ed r s u e c n e t rl p c ain a e rl n
n
t col r oft t a t . ki t f c s i t lgh m os f vor bl t Bundi k,ast c ltm us
he o
he r c or Ta ng he a t n he i t t a a e o
c
he ot
r
t
a t spoi t i i obvi t ts i n' ds c a i ' a tt i ntt oft t c bas d s e y
t hi n , t s
ous ha he s t dpe ul tng ' bou he de iy he nz k e ol l

onac or( a )whihma bec
ol ornge
c y ommont Sc de a man ot rc rir.l t d,s
o hnei r nd y he ares nsea he

camst h v p r eve d si ci ea du iu makn st a,nc nu to wihteo a e
li o a e e c i d itn tv n n q e r ig h ti o j ncin t h rng
c b c or m a i al os a de d c ti y, fs i t bebeleve t tt t u k s s w hi he
a ol , ke t m t a erant i he s o
i d, ha he r c he a t r
a t ly be onged t Sc i r
c ua l l
o hne de .

Ther i ltl doubtt tt si
e s ite
ha e tmony a t sl ve ofdeai i s tcintt ge r t atibl
t hi e l
t l s ufi e o ne ae ra e
i s ast t i iy of a hihe t un
s ue o he dentt
t ro- know n a t obie drve . n M o orCl ofA m e i a I .
u om l i r l
t
ub
r c ns

Co v. nf,1 5F.d 1 0(t Ci. 9 ) f re a l, y wi e stsi n d srb n t e
. Ha ii 4 3 7 4 h r 1 98, o x mp e e e t s e tmo y e cii g h
n
c orofa c r a t f c t ti bor N e Y o k lc ns pl t s wasdee ed s fc e t ge r t
ol
a nd he a t ha t e w r i e e a e
m
ufi i nt o ne a e

ag nui diput r gadi t i ntt oft c ra isdrve. 4.a 17 Sc de ' atmp
e ne s e e r ng he de iy he a nd t i rL t 6. hnei rs te t
t ditngui h H a f a i vi t tm ony f o m uli e e w ine s i t a ofonl one i a
o si s
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rm
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exe c s i ir l nce The t s i on ofa sng e wine si s fc e t ove c e s m a y
r i e n r e eva .
e tm y
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j d me t eei i n tc n l s r a dp t maeilfcsit ds t . rngo v. ie
u g n wh r t s o o cu oy n u s tra a t n o ipue Ari tn Untd
Sae , 7 F.d3 9 3 - ( C. r 2 0 ) Va c v. inPln esCop.2 9F.d4 8 4 2
tts 4 3 3 2 , 3738 D. Ci. 0 6 ; n e Uno a tr r , 0 3 3 , 4
( t Ci. ) Merha v.Fara Count Va.--F.Sup 2d--, 1W L 1
5h r2000 ' c nt
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t n.
( D. Apr 11, 1 (lp o ) Thi i tuee nwheet pli ifi t s ewine s
E. Va. . 201 ) si p.. s s r ve
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s p righ rfcu la srins Gr yv. p l n, 25F.d9 , 5(t Ci.1 91; il v
u po t e a t a se t . a S il 9 2 0 9 4 h r 9 ) W li .
n
o
ma
s
Towno M as l, rhCaolna, F.App' 227,235n.4( hCi.
f rhalNo t r i 275
x
4t r 2008) Luc
; as
Aut i Engi rng.nc. Brdcet / rsone.nc,275F. 762,768n.3(t Ci.
omotve neei I v. i soneFie t l .
3d
9h r

2001.
)
N orc n i be m a n a ne t tBundi k as e bl he de aied i ntfca i n ofD oe'
a t
i t i d ha
c s m ed r t l de ii to
s

tuc mer l t ough s c a i unmoor d t f t.l bo der on t a ur t s s t tt
r k
ey hr
pe ulton
e o acs t r s he bs d o ugge t ha he
r s t ofBundi k' i tga i i o t i n iy oft t uc whi h i ve huntng down
e uls
c s nves i ton nt he de tt
he r k, c nvol d
i
o he t u ksus ng t s m e l i or rt de e m i t na e oft rpa e c pa y, r
t rrc
i he n
ogo n de o t r ne he m
hei r nt om n a e

pr d cso p r c n e tr . ema n rb wh c Bu dc e e tal d s o ee ta
o u t f u e o j cu e Th n e y ih n ik v nu l ic v rd h t
y
Schne de ' c or s hem e and l m a c d t e t tw e e on t t uc t tsr c herdoe not
i r s ol - c
ogo t he hos ha r
he r k ha t u k
s ,
i is f c pe t conc us on t the fndi a e m e e g s k.To be s e, tm a be a
n t el, om l he
l i ha r i ngs r r ues wor
ur i y
n

e t eydfee tmatrwh t e t j r ce isBu dc salg to st a s es w teS h ed r
ni l ifrn te eh r he u y rdt n ik' le ai n h t h a h c n ie
r
l on Doe' tuc be or s emba kedon he s eq nti tga i orfndsi t dt t
ogo
s r k f e he
r
r ubs ue nvesi ton i nsea ha
he s e nti ntfc ton wa m itke But a s ngt tBundik' ve son ofe nt i
r ubs que de ii a i
s sa n. , s umi ha
c s ri
ve s s
tu ,Bundik' s e nti re smpl ga he ana et as oc aewih t ditnc i
re
c s ubs que nquiis i y ve r m o s i t t he si tve

maki t ts ha prvi l s n j tasapl nifi anymi r nca ema i r of
r ngs ha he d e ousy ee - us
aitf n
ne u s y nquie
b t nde sorpublc r cor i or rt putana e t a f c A nd,ofc s ,t c t nno
ys a r
i e ds n de o
m o a e.
our e he our ca t

c l t tt r s t ofs h an i tgai n a eute gue s k- a t r o e i ufi int
oncude ha he e uls uc
nvesi to r tr s wor nd he ef r ns fce
a a m a t rofl w - sm pl be us Bundi k m a ed a t tm e oft c ls on t s e t
s
te
a
i y ca e
c
nag t he i
he oli i o e he

Scmei rl go butno t t f ce orbe a es a c rane onl t fr tt e lte soft
i de o
t he ype a ,
c us he s e ti d y he is hr e et r he
com pany' nam e butnott l ts x.
s
he as i

Fi ly, he f ctt tea h oft t uc s n by Bundi k a t W a m a tdit i i c nt
na l t a ha c
he r ks ee
c t he l r s rbuton e er
m ay nothave been i ved i t coli on m eansver ltl i anyt ng.Schnei doesnot
nvol
n he lsi
y ite, f
hi
der

a
ppea t di put t tt t uc ort l osobs r d by Bundi k di i f t bel t
r o s e ha he r ks he og
e ve
c d, n ac , ong o

Sc de .Bu c st tm o al i s fc e tt e t bls f rpur esoff esali
hnei r ndik' esi ny one s ufii n o sa ih o
pos
or t lng

s mmayj d me tha t etu kta sr kh rb r dsiciemakn sta aec mmo t
u r u g n t t h r c h t tuc e o e itn tv r ig h t r o n o
t Schne de col i a l
he
i r orng nd ogo. hie Bundi k ce t i y w oul ha be n w el- dvi ed f
W l
c ra nl
d ve e
la s or
pur e oft s m oton t pr
pos s hi
i o opound m o e e de s
r vi nce ugge tng t tt m a ki s n by
s i ha he r ngs ee

Bundik a euni t Sc i r t r i no hi t s ges ot r s .
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