Hegedus et al v. Ross et al

Filing 37

MEMORANDUM OPINION. Signed by District Judge Michael F. Urbanski on 7/21/11. (kld)

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Fè &' **2% OFFI U.S. ST. R CE DI COURT .x J AT ' soNbuRq VA . F1Vn l I TH E UNITED STATES DISTRICT CO U RT N FO R TH E W ESTERN DISTRICT O F VIRG INI A H A RRISO NBUR G D I I N V SIO 2 2 1 21 JUL C. , JA M ES A .H EGEDU S and VIRG I I E.H EG EDU S N A Pl ntf s ai if , Ci lActon No.5: vi i 11cv00018 V. RO BER T L.RO SS, O NEI SAN DR A RO SS, and DA CARL A.SPA NG LER D ef endant s. By: M i chaelF.U rbanski Unied St esD it ctJudge t at s ri M EM O M N DUM O PI I N N O Pl ntf J esA .and V igi a E.H egedus,V igi a r i spr ai ifs am r ni r ni esdent oceedi pr K ,s ng o ued t ee Del e r dent Car A .Spangl ,Robel L.Ros and Onei SandraRoss f f aud, hr awar esi s, l er ' t s da , or r m i epr ent i and ot t t ar sng outoft pur e ofa hom e i Li n,Del a e. sr es aton her ors i i he chas n ncol aw r Pl ntf saleget Spangl and t Ros esar l tme busi s parner w ho buid and s l ai if l hat er he s e ong i nes t s l el hom es i D el n aware. The gr avam en oft com pl nti t neiher Spanglrnort Ross he ai s hat t e he es made cert n dicl ur alegedl r r underDel e l ,i udi t t Del e ai s os es l y equied awar aw ncl ng hat he awar pr rywa notz df busne spupos a dt tiwa s j c t bengS z d'b acop opet s one or i s r es n ha t s ube to i t e ' y r buz dust orot agrculur actvii as oci ed wih nei er her i t al i tes s at t ghborng pr tes i operi . Dee ansmove t dimisf lc o pes lurs ci ( t#9,# 1 )l i fnd t d o s s or a k f rona j iditon. Dk. 2. t s pl i f o t pl di a b i f fl d i t sc e t tt s ma t rc e nsr pr s n a i a a n r m he ea ngs nd r e s ie n hi as ha hi te onc r e e e t tons nd di cl ur suroundi areales at sal i Del ar and t def s os es r ng t e e n aw e, hat endant have i uf i ent s ns fci c tcswihVigi at warn t e rieofpes lu iditonbyaVigi ac ur o onat t r ni o ra t he xecs ronaj rs ci r ni o t ver t . A ssuch,def hem endant m otonst dim i ar G R ANTED . s' i o s ss e cu EM 1. A fdea c tla e riepes lu iditono radee n i t za er e rl our ' y xecs ronaj rs ci ve n fnda t n he' nn n pr ded by sat l . See ESAB Gr ovi t e aw oup-l v.Cent cut l ,126 F. 617, 622 ( h Ci. nc. ri . nc. 3d 4t r 1 ) Fed. Ci P. k)1( .Be a eVigi asl am sauee e pes l 997, R. v. 4( ( )A) c us r ni' ong-r ttt xtnds rona . zzer, j iditont teexe tpemitdbyt DuePr esClus seEnqls & Smihvs-M et urs ci o h tn r te he oc s a e,e ih t - 901F. 36,38(t Ci.1 ,th sauor i uiynec saiymege wiht c ttto l 2d 4h r 990)ç e ttt y nq r es rl r s t he onsiuina t i r and t t i res ess i l becom e one.' St nquiy, he wo nquii entaly ' overv. O ' Connel A s . l ,84 l socs. nc. F.d 1 1 36(t Ci.1 ) Theq ton,h n,i wh t rt d e an hass fce 3 32, 35- 4h r 996 . uesi te s ehe he efnd t ufiint ûmi mu c a t wihghef um)s ht tt mane nc oft s tdoe notofe d i ni m ontcs t t or uc ha he itna e he ui s fn drdii lnotonsoffi plya s tntaj tc .' ltlShoeCo. W a hi tn,3 U. ta tona i ar a nd ubsa ilusie'' n ' v. s ngo 26 S. 31 31 6 S. .l 90L. 9 ( 9 ( tngM ilke v. e r 311U. 457, 61 0, 6, 6 Ct 54, 3d 5 1 45) quoi li n M ve, S. 463, S. . 85L. 278(940:. Ct339, Ed. 1 The lm i m um cont s't tr r t def s ni act ' es equies hat endant pur ef l avai t sel of s pos uly l hem ves t f um sae Bur rKi Cop. Rud wiz, U. 46 463( 985 .Thi t tai t he or tt. ae ng r v. ze c 471 S. 2, 1 ) s es ms o e ur d e nt aeno çha e it aj rs ci s eya ar ulofrndo f t t , ns e efnda s r tt uld no u iditon oll s es t a m, oruiousor atenuat cont ss'i at475,and af or def l ed act ' d. f ds endant pr ecton çf om ha ng t def s ot i tr vi o end (he el )i afr wheeghe s dn ha a tcpae bei s d. Cons tng t ms ves n oum r t yl houl ot ve nii td ng ue ' ' uli Ena'sCor v. o ti Lt ,561F.d273 27 (t Ci. 009)( tngW ord- i r p. Ge merc d. 3 , 7 4h r 2 cii l W de Vol wa nCop. W o o 444U. 28 2 (980) Deemi ngt r c o j ca ks xe r v. ods n, S. 6, 97 1 ). tr ni he ea h f udiil powe ov pe s ns ou sde ofa s a e' bor e sun rt l e na i nalShoe s a dar i r er r o ti t t s d r de he nt r to tn d s undetke tr t difrn a r c s byfn ngs ciij iditonbasdo c duc ra n hough wo fee t ppoa he- idi pe fc urs ci e n on t c ne tdt t s torb fndi g er j rs ci Heioptr Na i l deCol a on ce o he ui y i ng en aluiditon. lc eos conaes ombi. S. v.Hal466U. 408,41 ( 98 .Ge r j idito e sswher adee ntsoveal A. l, S. 4 1 4) nealurs cin xit e fnda ' rl c tcswiht fr m saeaec ntn a s tmai.Spe ii j iditon, t ot r ona t t he o u tt r o iuous nd yse tc cfc urs ci on he he hand,f eson t conductgi ng rs t t s t The f t alega i setf t i t ocus he vi ie o he ui. ac ual l tons orh n he c an i t sc edono s r t e r s ofpes lurs ci und reihe t omplit n hi as t uppo the xecie rona j iditon e t rhe s cii o ge rlurs ci t t. pe fc r nea j iditon ess l l. Def endant have had scantcont wih Vigi a. The compl ntalegest Spa er s act t r ni ai l hat ngl and t Ross lve i Del e and ûar l tm ebusi spart sw ho buid and s lhom es he es i n awar d e ong-i nes ner l el i Delwae. ( . 1 !2. l conr tpli if aeVigi ar i nt whotà ldt n a r ' Dkt# , ) n tas, antfs r r ni esde s ' rvee o D el e f t pur e ofr es at t e. The com pl nti ca est pl ntf sexecut awar or he chas eal t e her ai ndi t hat ai if ed teAge me ofSal i DelwaeonAprl24, 6.( t# 1 !!6- ) TheAge me of h re nt en a r i 200 Dk. , 8. re nt Sae i e es l gove ne by Delwa elw. ( . 1 Ex. !20. De e n Spa er l s xpr sy r d a r a Dkt # , A, ) f nda t ngl execut t A gr entofSal i D el e on A pri 25,2006,and m aied i t t pl ntfs i ed he eem e n awar l l t o he ai if n V igi a. Exhi tB t t compl nti a i or aton/ pecis i s on t house r ni bi o he ai s n nf m i s tcaton heet he consr ed by Spangl and s d t t pl ntf s. l t pr dest D el e l gover t tuct er ol o he ai if t oo ovi hat awar aw ns he s l.( t# 1 Ex.B, t6. Then xtmonh, anif rt n t Dea r t delve s ae Dk. , a ) e t plitfs eured o lwa e o i r ome upga dlghtngfxursa me wihSpa lra tecl i at ne ( t #l, 9. The rde i i it e nd t t nge nd h osng tor y. Dk . ! ) H UD - Setl entSt em ent si I tem at , gned by pl ntfs,Spangl and t Ros ,i cat t t ai if er he ses ndi es hat he cl i o t hous t plc i M if r Dea r on J l 2006.( . 1 Ex. a 1. osng n he e ook a e n lo d, lwae une 4, Dkt # , C, t ) Pl ntf scont t att tm e Spangl sgned t A gr entofSal he wasnott owner ai if end hat he i er i he eem e, he oft pr t and onl acqui tte fom t Ros bet een t dat oft contactand he opery, y red il r he ses w he e he r cl i 1 osng. 1 Ag e m e ofSa e b t n S The r e nt l e wee panglra t Ros e ,daed M ay 1 2006,a s i gove ed by De a r l w. e nd he s s t , lo s m l wa e a ( t # 1 Ex., 2 . Dk . , 1 ! 0) ' On M àr 3,2009,pl ntf sw r edef ch ai if ot endant r s equesi t t çbuy back't hous tng hat hey d ' he e. Thi lterr er s e t ef ences an i tgaton oft Del a ator w ho ser ass tem entagent nves i i he aw re t ney ved etl w ih t D el ar Barand an i tga i oft r t s i ved wih t ls i and s e of t he aw e nves i ton wo ealor nvol t he itng al t p ope t wiht Delwa eBu e u ofPr f so lLiensng. ( t # 1 Ex. a l) Thi he r ry t he a r r a o es ina c i Dk . , F, t . s l t and anot atached asExhi tH ,m ake alegatons r di def eter her t bi l i egar ng endant f l est s' aiur o com pl w ih di os e oblgatons underDel ar l . y t scl ur i i aw e aw I t rcompl nt pl ntf alege t cert n di os esw er notm adet t n hei ai , ai ifs l hat ai scl ur e o hem i n vi aton ofDel ar l w ,i pari art t propery w asnotzoned f busi sus and t ol i aw e a n tcul hat he t or nes e hat i wass ceptbl t nuiancespos by nei t us i e o s ed ghbori agriuluralus s asbei çbuzzed' ng c t es, uch ng t ' b aco duse.( t# 1 !!l1 1 ) Ata he a Exhi tE t t c aiti ablnkn w y rp tr Dk. , - 4. tc d s bi o he ompl n s a e consr ton di cl ur f m appr t uc i s os e or oved by t D el e RealEs at Com m i on. I addii he awar te ssi n ton, pli if ale et tdee ntRob r Ros commitdp ruyb ma ngflesae ns antfs lg ha fnda et s te ej r y ki as ttme t concer ng t sal oft pr ni he e he opert ata Del e RealEs at Com m i i hearng and by y awar te sson i sgni c rai afi t.( . 1 !29. Theei n al ai tatt sralet e i ng e t n fdavis Dkt# , ) r s o leg ton h hi e sat com m is on hearng t pl i Vigi a ort t e af i t w er execut i V igi a. si i ook ace n r ni hat hes fdavis e ed n r ni Ther i ,i f t no alegaton i t com pl ntt t Ross or Spangl tavel t e s n ac , l i n he ai hat he es er r ed o V igi a i connecton w ih t s e oft sDelw ar r es at norany alega i concer ng r ni n i t he al hi a e eal t e, l tons ni Vigni a al,ohe t nt fc t tpl ntfsaeVigi ar i nt.( t #l !!1 28. r i a t l t r ha he at ha ai if r r ni esde s Dk. , , ) l r pons t t m oton t di m is,pl ntf sm ake a num berofas tons r di n es e o he i o s s ai if seri egar ng pes na j rs ci a f lws ro l uiditon, s olo ' . Def endant Spangl sgned t Agr ent of Sal on Apr l 25, er i he eem e i 2006,t dat afert Pl ntf s r ur t V igi a. A copy of he e t he ai if et ned o r ni t a r e e twasma l t Vigi a A $1 000.0 c k, a he g e m n ied o r ni. 0, 0 hec dr wn on a V igi a bank,wast r ni ender asr r by Def ed, equied endant The s. buider contact w as prepar by Def l s r ed endant Ross. D ef s endant Car Spangl m aied copi of bl i s t t Pl ntf s i l er l es ueprnt o he ai if n 4 Vigi a The e ble i s we e c r ce by t e Ros es r ni. s u prnt r onta td h s . Def endant Spangl m ade num er phone cals t Pl ntif er ous l o ai f s' r dence i V igi a w ih updat and al o r esi n r ni t es s equesed Pl ntf s t ai if r ur t Del e t pur e lghtng fxt , needed t obt n et n o awar o chas i i i ures o ai t Cer ii e of O ccupancy; t cerii t was i ued t t he tfcat he tfca e ss o he Ross on June 6,2006. es The deed t t pr t sgned by t Ross , w as m aied t o he opery, i he es l o Vigi a. r ni ( . 22,a 4- ) Ba e ont s a sri ,plitfsaguet t Dkt# t 5. s d he e setons anif r ha: Vigi a' l ann sat e alow s t s Courtt obt n per r ni s ongt ut l hi o ai sonal j iditon ove Dee nt wh ha ce ry co td at ti urs ci r fnda s o ve la l mmie or n a he s a e whi h ha c us d ha m i t sCom m onweat , and t not r t t c s a e r n hi 1h o oban pes j iditon o rDee a swhoha f l d a ti ronalurs ci ve fnd nt ve olowe per santcour ofconductt per r est t t sit se hat petat hat or. ( t #22,a 6.2 Dk . t) 1 . 11 The efcsdono s s at t upport e r s ofpes na j iditonove d fnda sunde the xecie ro lurs ci r ee nt r eihe t g ealo s ii j iditonsan r .Depiet f tt tûheei noh r a t r he en r r pecfc urs ci t dads s t he ac ha û r s ad-nd t f tr e f det m i ng w hen a def as ul or er ni endantscont sw ih t f um s at r ' act t he or t e each t l he evel ne esar t j tf afndi ofge eal s nalurs ci 'Wrg v. r tBa No. c s y o usiy i ng n r pero j iditon, iht Suntus nk, ' 1 1 Kv- 0041 201lW L 1 468,a * ( D . . . a 20,2 l , hefw gui ngc e :l 0 , 984 t 3 S. W Va M y 01 ) t e di as s avaiabl i cat t ,vi i t f s aleged i t lghtm os f abl t t pl ntf s t e l e ndi e hat ew ng he act l n he i t avor e o he ai if , her i smpl noba i f afndi ofg ealu iditon.Ac or ngt t s g digc s s si y ss or i ng en r j rs ci c di o he e ui n a e, (contnuousand s t atc' can t n on s i uesas: C i ys em i ' ur uch ss 2 i apo so o Vigni' ln -nnsauealwsac utoo ti p ro aj rs ito o e ad fn a t Whl rviin f ri aso ga ttt l e o o rt ban esn luidcin v r eed n cu igij r wi i teCo n at b sdo triu at i o tieteCo n at,tas rq i ss c a sn nuy t n h mmo we 1 ae n o t s ci t usd h mmo we l i lo e ur u h h h o vy h e ad fn a tt h ver g a c n a t wi teCo n at . S eVA Co eAn j 20 - 2 . . (ca sn tri u e e d n o a e ulr o tcs t h mmo we I e h h d n. .13 8 14 t u ig o t s i o ij r i tiCo n at b a a t r miso o tieti Co n at fh rgua l d e o s l i nuy n hs mmo we l y n c o o sin usd hs mmo we l e e lr o s r oi t h h y cs b sn s, re g ge i a y oh rp r itnt o r eo o d c, rd rv ss b t ni l e e u f o go d u e o u i es o n a s n n t e e sse c u s fc n u to e ie u sa t r v n e r m o s s d r a c s d o s r ce r nde e i t sCommo on ume r e vi s e r 4 n hi nwealhnj(mpha i a d) Theei nohi i pl ntfs t ' e ss dde . r s t ng n ai if' ' ' c ompl i tt s a n o uppor t r l r pe ss e ors t ntalc t c ne e s l t s ts y t s o pr ng ofVa Code t he egu a , r it nt ubsa i on a t c s a' o a i f he ec nd o y . j8. - 14. 01328.. a wh t rt dee a hasa yph ia prsnc i tef um sae seESAB ) ehe he fnd nt n ysc l ee e n h or tt, e Gr v.Cenrc t l ,l F. 61 6 ( h Ci.1 ; oup tiu . nc. 26 3d 7, 24 4t r 997) b) t pr ton o de e n ' tt lbusne sa tviist a i co td i t e he opori f f nda ts o a i s ci te h t s nduce n h f um sat s i ; or t e, ee d. c t ee e tt whih a riig ors iia in ofbusne si die td s cii ly ) h xt n o c dve tsn olctto i s s r ce pe fcal atpari ari vi s,orwhet i i ofa m or generalna ure,s Boone v. tcul ndi dual her t s e t ee Sul rCr e Res t I .749F.Su 1 1 ( D. nd.1 ) an phu e k or. nc, pp. 95, 99 S. l 990 ; d d) t ee e tt whih t no esd tde e an ceae l t r b i s h xt n o c he nr ien f nd t r t d ong-e m usne s r a i hi wih r dentcusom er oft f um sat s M e cale v. eltons ps t esi t s he or t e, ee t f Re is n M a i l . 5 F. 32 335( Ci. ) s ea s Robe t v. na s a ce rne. nc, 66 3d 4, 3d r 2009 ; e lo rs Syn r si I '.LLC,676F.Su 2d93 94 ( D. l2009 Cds e t e gitc ntl pp. 4, 2 E. Ca. ) long viy, contnuiy,vol e,econom i i pa ,physi pr ence,and i egr i i o t i t um c m ct cal es nt aton nt he sat sr at y oreconom i m ar sar am ong t i ci ofs a t e' egul or c ket e he ndi a uch Pr e e.) es nc ' . ' l Ther i no i caton t t def d. e s ndi i hat he endant have everhad physi pr ence i Vigi a,and s cal es n r ni t ear no alegatonst t def her e l i hat he endant do t bul oft rbusi s oreven solci busness s he k hei nes it i i V igi a. The pl ntf salo do notalege t t def n r ni ai if s l hat he endant have l t m busi s s ong-er nes r atons psw ih any Vigi a r dent Becaus pl ntf s alege no cont st teve el i hi t r ni esi s. e ai if l act ha n appr oach t ext oft e out i i t e gui ng cas i i pl n t tt aleged cont s he ent hos lned n hes di es, t s ai ha he l act ar notdcontnuousand s t atc' w ih V igi a,butr t a iol ed s ofcont s r a ed t e s i ysem i ' t r ni a her n s at et act elt o t s fc r esat s e athand. he pecii eal t e al Wihrgadt s cfcj iditon ac r i rquie t e l t 4()tee e t t e r o pe ii urs ci , ou ts e rd o vauae :1 h xtnto w hi h t d en ntha p pos uly a ie is l oft e prvie e ofc uc i a tvii i t c he ef da s ur ef l va l d t e f h i l g ond tng c i tes n he sae'2)whehe t pli if' li aieou oft ea tvii die t a tesae a d( tt , ( t r he antfs cams rs t hos ci tes rced t h tt; n 3) wh t rt e r s ofpes lurs ci wo dbec nsiutonalyle ona e' Caefrtof ehe he xecie rona j iditon ul o tt i l ras bl.' r is ' Mavlnd.nc v. rfrtPr na vCe er,l ,33 F. 39 397( hCi. )(ii r a I . Caeis eg nc nt s nc. 4 3d 0, 4t r2003 ctng ALSSc n.lc. Diia Sev. ula s 29 F.d707 711 2( hCi. 02). a n v. ztl r Cons tnt, 3 3 , -1 4t r 20 ) The Fourt C icui hasi ii a num beroff or f t cour t consderi h r t dentfed act s or he to i n as si w het def ses ng her endant have pur ef l a l t s ves oft prviege of s pos uly vaied hem el he i l conductng actvii i V igi a. Thes f or i ude t f l i . i i tes n r ni e act s ncl he olow ng' 6 * * @ * whe he t de e n m a nt nso fc o a nt i t e f um s a e t r he f nda t i ai f i es r ge s n h or t t ; whet t def her he endantow nspr t i t f um sat opery n he or t e; whet t def her he endantr eached i o t f um s at t solci ori ta e nt he or t e o i t niit busi s; nes w he hert def t he endantdelber t y engaged i sgnii orl t m i a el n i fcant ong-er busi actvii i t f um sat ness i tes n he or t e; w het t pari cont act l agr t t l oft f um s at her he tes r ualy eed hat he aw he or t e woul gover diput ; d n s es whe he t de c n m a i pe s n c t c w ih t r i ntoft t r he f nda t de n- r o on a t t he esde he f um i t f um sat r di t busnessr atons p; or n he or t e egar ng he i el i hi t nat e,qualt and ext oft partes' m uni i aboutt he ur iy ent he i com catons he b i s be ng t a a t d;a us ne s i r ns c e nd w he hert per or anceofcont act dutesw ast occurw ihi t t he f m r ual i o t n he f um . or Co uli Ena'sCor v. ns tna r p Geome rcLt ,5 F.d 273, ( h Ci.200 (n e n ctto ti d. 6l 3 278 4t r 9) it r al ia ins omitd) te . Consi a i oft e f or yi dst i capabl concl on t tdef der ton hes act s el he nes e usi ha endant have not s pur ef l avaied t sel ofanyt ng t do w ih V igi a. Def pos uly l hem ves hi o t r ni endant ha no of i or s ve fces agent i V igi a,and t e i no alegaton t t own pr t he There i no alegaton s n r ni her s l i hat hey opery re. s l i t def hat endant s i t ori tat t s e oft D el epr t i Vigi a. N ot ng i s olcied nii ed he al he awar opery n r ni hi n t pl ngss he eadi ugges st def t hat endant have engaged i any si fcantorl t m busi s s n gnii ong-er nes actvii i V igi a. The r es at contactatis i gover by Del a e l . Ther i no i tes n r ni eal t e r s ue s ned aw r aw es alegaton t def l i hat endant t avel t Vigi a i connecton wih t D el ar sal N or i t e s r ed o r ni n i t he aw e e. s her any alegaton t any partoft r esat cont actwast be per or ed i Vigi a. Atm os , l i hat he eal t e r o f m n r ni t pl ntfs alege t def ai if l hat endant m aied bl i s t execut r es at contactand t deed s l ueprnt , he ed eal t e r he t pl n if i Vigi a'pli if t ndee a$1 000. c e dr wnon aVigi a b nk;a o aitfs n r ni , antfs e rd 0, 00 h ck a r ni a nd def endantSpangl m ade num er t ephone calst pl ntf s i V igi a aboutt t ans i er ous el l o ai if n r ni he r acton i vi t Del e hous Telphone calsand m aii t a pl ntf i t f nvol ng he awar e. e l lngs o ai if n he orum s at do te no rs t t rquiielvelf s ii j idito Ea ePa rl '.Ic. Expoln Lt , t ie o he e st e or pecfc urs cin. cl oe ntl n v. ik. d. No. 07c 60 2008W L 1 06,a *5 ( D. J n.l 2 )(Elti wel s tldt tme e 2: v1 , 705 t E. Va. a 7, 008 tgl s l ete ha r t ephone calsand el t oni com m uni tonsi f t ante of atansacton ar i uf i entt el l ec r c ca i n urher r i e ns f ci o c nsiut pur e ula tviy. ( ia in omitdl;Co uli EnR's I .v.Ge ti o tt e pos f c i t ' ct to ' te l ns tng r. nc ome rc SofwaeSol i , l: v956, t r utons No. 06c 2007WL 1 201 a *5( D. . .3, )(i ng 07 0, t E. Va Apr 2007 fndi t exchange ofem aisand phone calsf t pur e ofengagi i a busnes tansac i w as he l l or he pos ng n i sr ton i ufiin t stsys cii j iditon)afd, F.d273( hci. nS fce t o aif pe fc urs ci , f' 561 3 5t r2009) Supef , . ros l smensLt v.FisM isFetlz r lc.774F.Su 3 39 ( D. .1 )(lti nvet t d. rt s riie. n , pp. 93, 7 E. Va 991 g1 s gener l hel t m er phone calsand l t s and ar aly d hat e l eter , guabl f com m uni i i y ax catons, n frhea eofata a tonaei ufiintt fr aba i frpes nalurs ci '( ttons ut rnc rnsci r ns fce o om ss o ro j iditon. ciai ' o i e ; s e as Buc Co. a m t d) e lo ks Plvhous v. a ha 577F.Su 1 3,1 9 ( D. 1 ) t e Br ds w, pp. 20 20 E. Pa. 983 (ttngt tdas resoft lphonec ls t m alngoft pit ea bi r phi maera,a d sa i ha $ e i ee al, he ii he cur nd og a c t il n onetlgrp 'dono rs t t lve ofds tnil' .Morov ,theSuprmeCoul ( ) ee a h, ' t ie o he e l subsa ta.) ' e erd t e ' has t rjce g)pl ntf sc e int tac e tngc c drwnonaba i t f u saewasa ee td a ai if ontnto ha c pi he ks a nk n he orm tt ba i f fndi urs ci i t tsae. Mel Ba ( s)PSFS. A. Di r c Br . ss or i ngj iditon n ha tt ' lon nk Eat ' N. v. veonia os. I ,98 F. 551 555( Ci.1 (iigHeioper , U. a 41 ) Ta nt eh r nc. 3 2d , 3d r 993) ctn lc t os466 S. t 6 . ke og te, t e scantcont sw ih V igi a f lf s tofpur ef avaim ent and t e i no basi f hes act t r ni al ar hor pos ul l , her s s or a fndi ofs fcJurs cton. i ng pecii - idi i 3 l . V Fi l pl nif cli t tSpan e wai hi rgh t c le pes na j rs ci naly, aitfs am ha glr ved s i t o halnge ro l uiditon byr po ngt aM o i t Diquaiy Couns l( t / l , piet f c t tSpa e ' frt es ndi o ton o s lf e Dk ./ ) des t he a t ha nglrs is 2 a peaa ei t sc tc le dpes lurs cinaone Spa e c tndst tt s p rnc n hi our halnge rona j idito l . nglr one ha hi s equentappear ubs ance wasa r r r equied, esponsi brefundert l ve i he ocalr es. W . .Va.Loc. ul D Ci R.l1c( ) TheFourhCicuihasi eprtdFe rlRul o Ci lPr e r l h t v. ()l. t r t ntr ee dea e f vi oc due 2() o 3 Aspur ef la im e pl i y i notm e he e, t c ti notr quie t a es t r i n e e t oft pos u va l nt a nl s t r he our s e r d o ddr s he ema ni g l men s he s e i cj rs ito ts.Co s li gEn 's 5 F.da 2 2 p cf u idci n et n utn g r, 61 3 t 7 . i 8 al t n i idwai rofapes lurs cindee ebydeen nt whoa pea beor a low t mple ve a rona j idito fns f da s p r fe c r t de t algai ofac an,b whof lt ma ep rona j iditonobe to ou to ny he le tons omplit ut ai o k es lurs ci jcins a t tmeoft i a a a e. Fose v. ltv3 Sa l 278F.d 409, 4 ( h Ci.2 ) t he i her ppe r nc ' tr Aret ' r, 3 41 4t r 002 ( tncBehlhe St lCor v. ves 389F. 4 46( hCi.l :. c us Spa e ha cii t t m ee p. De r, 2d 4, 4t r 968 Be a e nglr s ma n agume sont meisoft sc s ,a dc le dpes lurs ci i hi frt de o r nt he rt hi a e n halnge rona j iditon n s is appear ance,i i cl t he hasnotw ai t def e. t s ear hat ved hat ens I shor ,t alegatons oft scas concer cerai f l est dicl and n t he l i hi e n t n aiur o s ose m ir s epres atonsconcer ng t s eofr es at l ed i Delw ar N otonl i t r ent i ni he al eal t e ocat n a e. y s he eal esat l ed i Del e,t sal contactwasexecut t e,t cl i t pl t e and t e ocat n awar he es r ed her he osng ook ace her t aleged m ir esent i and f l es t dicl e wer m ade t e. Pl ntf sdo notalege he l s epr atons aiur o s os e her ai if l contnuousand s t atc cont s by def i ys em i act endant wih V igi a,norhave def s t r ni endant s pur ef l avaied t s vesoft pri l ofconduc i busnessi V igi a,asnone of pos uly l hem el he viege tng i n r ni t actons gi ng rse t t aleged m ir es atonsand f l es t di cl he i vi i o he l s epr ent i aiur o s osuret pl i ook ace n V igi a. r ni As s uch,t sdiput i notpr l bef e a Vigi a courtand m us be r ol i hi s e s opery or r ni t es ved n Dea r.Anode dimisngt scaef Ickofpes nalu idito wilb e ee lwae r r s si hi s or a ro j rs cin l e ntrd. Ent ed: J y 21,2011 er ul / / -e > z& J /. Mi chaelF.Ur ki bans Unied St esD it i Judge t at s rct '

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