Hegedus et al v. Ross et al

Filing 37

MEMORANDUM OPINION. Signed by District Judge Michael F. Urbanski on 7/21/11. (kld)

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I TH E UNITED STATES DISTRICT CO U RT
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FO R TH E W ESTERN DISTRICT O F VIRG INI
A
H A RRISO NBUR G D I I N
V SIO

2 2 1
21
JUL C.

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JA M ES A .H EGEDU S and
VIRG I I E.H EG EDU S
N A
Pl ntf s
ai if ,
Ci lActon No.5:
vi
i
11cv00018
V.

RO BER T L.RO SS,
O NEI SAN DR A RO SS, and
DA
CARL A.SPA NG LER
D ef
endant
s.

By: M i
chaelF.U rbanski
Unied St esD it ctJudge
t
at
s ri

M EM O M N DUM O PI I N
N O

Pl ntf J esA .and V igi a E.H egedus,V igi a r i spr
ai ifs am
r ni
r ni esdent oceedi pr K ,s
ng o
ued
t ee Del e r dent Car A .Spangl ,Robel L.Ros and Onei SandraRoss f f aud,
hr
awar esi s, l
er
'
t
s
da
, or r

m i epr ent i and ot t t ar sng outoft pur e ofa hom e i Li n,Del a e.
sr es aton
her ors i i
he chas
n ncol
aw r
Pl ntf saleget Spangl and t Ros esar l tme busi s parner w ho buid and s l
ai if l hat
er
he
s
e ong i
nes
t s
l
el

hom es i D el
n aware. The gr
avam en oft com pl nti t neiher Spanglrnort Ross
he
ai s hat t
e
he
es
made cert n dicl ur alegedl r r underDel e l ,i udi t t Del e
ai s os es l
y equied
awar aw ncl ng hat he awar

pr rywa notz df busne spupos a dt tiwa s j c t bengS z d'b acop
opet s one or i s r es n ha t s ube to i t e ' y r
buz
dust orot agrculur actvii as oci ed wih nei
er
her i t al i tes s at
t ghborng pr tes
i
operi .

Dee ansmove t dimisf lc o pes lurs ci ( t#9,# 1 )l i
fnd t
d o s s or a k f rona j iditon. Dk.
2. t s
pl i f o t pl di a b i f fl d i t sc e t tt s ma t rc e nsr pr s n a i a
a n r m he ea ngs nd r e s ie n hi as ha hi te onc r e e e t tons nd
di cl ur suroundi areales at sal i Del ar and t def
s os es r
ng
t e e n aw e,
hat endant have i uf i ent
s
ns fci

c tcswihVigi at warn t e rieofpes lu iditonbyaVigi ac ur o
onat t r ni o ra t he xecs
ronaj rs ci
r ni o t ver
t . A ssuch,def
hem
endant m otonst dim i ar G R ANTED .
s' i o s ss e

cu
EM

1.

A fdea c tla e riepes lu iditono radee n i t za er
e rl our ' y xecs ronaj rs ci ve
n
fnda t n he' nn
n
pr ded by sat l . See ESAB Gr
ovi
t e aw
oup-l v.Cent cut l ,126 F. 617, 622 ( h Ci.
nc.
ri . nc.
3d
4t r

1 ) Fed. Ci P. k)1( .Be a eVigi asl am sauee e pes l
997, R. v. 4( ( )A) c us r ni' ong-r ttt xtnds rona
.
zzer,
j iditont teexe tpemitdbyt DuePr esClus seEnqls & Smihvs-M et
urs ci o h tn r te
he
oc s a e,e
ih
t
-

901F. 36,38(t Ci.1 ,th sauor i uiynec saiymege wiht c ttto l
2d
4h r 990)ç e ttt y nq r es rl r s t he onsiuina
t
i r and t t i res ess i l becom e one.' St
nquiy,
he wo nquii
entaly
' overv. O '
Connel A s . l ,84
l socs. nc.

F.d 1 1 36(t Ci.1 ) Theq ton,h n,i wh t rt d e an hass fce
3 32, 35- 4h r 996 .
uesi te s ehe he efnd t ufiint
ûmi mu c a t wihghef um)s ht tt mane nc oft s tdoe notofe d
i ni m ontcs t t or uc ha he itna e he ui s
fn

drdii lnotonsoffi plya s tntaj tc .' ltlShoeCo. W a hi tn,3 U.
ta tona i
ar a nd ubsa ilusie'' n '
v. s ngo 26 S.
31 31 6 S. .l 90L. 9 ( 9 ( tngM ilke v. e r 311U. 457, 61
0, 6, 6 Ct 54, 3d 5 1 45) quoi
li n M ve,
S. 463,
S. . 85L. 278(940:.
Ct339, Ed.
1
The lm i m um cont s't tr r t def
s ni
act ' es equies hat endant pur ef l avai t sel of
s pos uly
l hem ves

t f um sae Bur rKi Cop. Rud wiz, U. 46 463( 985 .Thi t tai t
he or tt. ae ng r v. ze c 471 S. 2,
1 ) s es ms o

e ur d e nt aeno çha e it aj rs ci s eya ar ulofrndo f t t ,
ns e efnda s r tt uld no u iditon oll s es t a m, oruiousor
atenuat cont ss'i at475,and af or def
l
ed
act ' d.
f ds endant pr ecton çf om ha ng t def
s ot i tr
vi o end

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t ms ves n oum
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uli
Ena'sCor v. o ti Lt ,561F.d273 27 (t Ci. 009)( tngW ord- i
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Vol wa nCop. W o o 444U. 28 2 (980) Deemi ngt r c o j ca
ks xe r v. ods n,
S. 6, 97 1 ). tr ni he ea h f udiil
powe ov pe s ns ou sde ofa s a e' bor e sun rt l e na i nalShoe s a dar i
r er r o
ti
t t s d r de he nt r to
tn d s

undetke tr t difrn a r c s byfn ngs ciij iditonbasdo c duc
ra n hough wo fee t ppoa he- idi pe fc urs ci
e n on t
c ne tdt t s torb fndi g er j rs ci Heioptr Na i l deCol a
on ce o he ui y i ng en aluiditon. lc eos conaes
ombi.
S. v.Hal466U. 408,41 ( 98 .Ge r j idito e sswher adee ntsoveal
A. l,
S.
4 1 4) nealurs cin xit
e fnda ' rl

c tcswiht fr m saeaec ntn a s tmai.Spe ii j iditon, t ot r
ona t t he o u tt r o iuous nd yse tc
cfc urs ci on he he
hand,f eson t conductgi ng rs t t s t The f t alega i setf t i t
ocus
he
vi ie o he ui.
ac ual l tons
orh n he

c an i t sc edono s r t e r s ofpes lurs ci und reihe t
omplit n hi as
t uppo the xecie
rona j iditon e t rhe

s cii o ge rlurs ci t t.
pe fc r nea j iditon ess
l
l.

Def
endant have had scantcont wih Vigi a. The compl ntalegest Spa er
s
act t r ni
ai l
hat ngl
and t Ross lve i Del e and ûar l tm ebusi spart sw ho buid and s lhom es
he
es i n
awar
d e ong-i
nes
ner
l
el

i Delwae. ( . 1 !2. l conr tpli if aeVigi ar i nt whotà ldt
n a r ' Dkt# , ) n tas, antfs r r ni esde s
'
rvee o
D el e f t pur e ofr es at t e. The com pl nti ca est pl ntf sexecut
awar or he chas
eal t e her
ai ndi t hat ai if
ed

teAge me ofSal i DelwaeonAprl24, 6.( t# 1 !!6- ) TheAge me of
h re nt
en a r
i 200 Dk. , 8.
re nt
Sae i e es l gove ne by Delwa elw. ( . 1 Ex. !20. De e n Spa er
l s xpr sy
r d
a r a Dkt # , A, ) f nda t ngl
execut t A gr entofSal i D el e on A pri 25,2006,and m aied i t t pl ntfs i
ed he eem
e n awar
l
l t o he ai if n
V igi a. Exhi tB t t compl nti a i or aton/ pecis i s on t house
r ni
bi o he
ai s n nf m i s tcaton heet he
consr ed by Spangl and s d t t pl ntf s. l t pr dest D el e l gover t
tuct
er
ol o he ai if t oo ovi hat awar aw
ns he

s l.( t# 1 Ex.B, t6. Then xtmonh, anif rt n t Dea r t delve s
ae Dk. ,
a )
e
t plitfs eured o lwa e o i r ome
upga dlghtngfxursa me wihSpa lra tecl i at ne ( t #l, 9. The
rde i i it e nd t t nge nd h osng tor y. Dk . ! )
H UD - Setl entSt em ent si
I tem
at
, gned by pl ntfs,Spangl and t Ros ,i cat t t
ai if
er
he ses ndi es hat he

cl i o t hous t plc i M if r Dea r on J l 2006.( . 1 Ex. a 1.
osng n he
e ook a e n lo d, lwae une 4,
Dkt # , C, t )
Pl ntf scont t att tm e Spangl sgned t A gr entofSal he wasnott owner
ai if
end hat he i
er i
he eem
e,
he
oft pr t and onl acqui tte fom t Ros bet een t dat oft contactand
he opery,
y
red il r he ses w
he e he
r
cl i 1
osng.

1 Ag e m e ofSa e b t n S
The r e nt
l e wee panglra t Ros e ,daed M ay 1 2006,a s i gove ed by De a r l w.
e nd he s s t
,
lo s
m
l wa e a

( t # 1 Ex., 2 .
Dk . , 1 ! 0)

'

On M àr 3,2009,pl ntf sw r edef
ch
ai if ot endant r
s equesi t t çbuy back't hous
tng hat hey d
' he
e.
Thi lterr er
s e t ef ences an i tgaton oft Del a ator w ho ser ass tem entagent
nves i i
he aw re t ney
ved etl

w ih t D el ar Barand an i tga i oft r t s i ved wih t ls i and s e of
t he aw e
nves i ton wo ealor nvol
t he itng
al

t p ope t wiht Delwa eBu e u ofPr f so lLiensng. ( t # 1 Ex. a l) Thi
he r ry t he a r r a
o es ina c i Dk . , F, t . s
l t and anot atached asExhi tH ,m ake alegatons r di def
eter
her t
bi
l i egar ng endant f l est
s' aiur o
com pl w ih di os e oblgatons underDel ar l .
y t scl ur
i i
aw e aw
I t rcompl nt pl ntf alege t cert n di os esw er notm adet t
n hei
ai , ai ifs l hat ai scl ur
e
o hem i
n

vi aton ofDel ar l w ,i pari art t propery w asnotzoned f busi sus and t
ol i
aw e a n tcul hat he
t
or
nes e
hat
i wass ceptbl t nuiancespos by nei
t
us i e o s
ed
ghbori agriuluralus s asbei çbuzzed'
ng
c t
es, uch
ng t
'

b aco duse.( t# 1 !!l1 1 ) Ata he a Exhi tE t t c aiti ablnkn w
y rp tr Dk. ,
- 4. tc d s bi o he ompl n s a e
consr ton di cl ur f m appr
t uc i
s os e or
oved by t D el e RealEs at Com m i on. I addii
he awar
te
ssi
n
ton,

pli if ale et tdee ntRob r Ros commitdp ruyb ma ngflesae ns
antfs lg ha fnda
et s
te ej r y ki as ttme t
concer ng t sal oft pr
ni he e he opert ata Del e RealEs at Com m i i hearng and by
y
awar
te
sson
i

sgni c rai afi t.( . 1 !29. Theei n al ai tatt sralet e
i ng e t n fdavis Dkt# , ) r s o leg ton h hi e sat
com m is on hearng t pl i Vigi a ort t e af i t w er execut i V igi a.
si
i ook ace n r ni hat hes fdavis e
ed n r ni
Ther i ,i f t no alegaton i t com pl ntt t Ross or Spangl tavel t
e s n ac ,
l i n he
ai hat he
es
er r ed o
V igi a i connecton w ih t s e oft sDelw ar r es at norany alega i concer ng
r ni n
i
t he al
hi
a e eal t e,
l tons
ni

Vigni a al,ohe t nt fc t tpl ntfsaeVigi ar i nt.( t #l !!1 28.
r i a t l t r ha he at ha ai if r r ni esde s Dk. , , )
l r pons t t m oton t di m is,pl ntf sm ake a num berofas tons r di
n es e o he i o s s ai if
seri egar ng

pes na j rs ci a f lws
ro l uiditon, s olo '
.
Def
endant Spangl sgned t Agr ent of Sal on Apr l 25,
er i
he
eem
e
i
2006,t dat afert Pl ntf s r ur t V igi a. A copy of
he e t he ai if et ned o r ni
t a r e e twasma l t Vigi a A $1 000.0 c k, a
he g e m n
ied o r ni.
0, 0 hec dr wn
on a V igi a bank,wast
r ni
ender asr r by Def
ed, equied
endant The
s.
buider contact w as prepar by Def
l s
r
ed
endant Ross. D ef
s
endant
Car Spangl m aied copi of bl i s t t Pl ntf s i
l
er
l
es
ueprnt o he ai if n
4

Vigi a The e ble i s we e c r ce by t e Ros es
r ni.
s u prnt
r onta td
h
s .
Def
endant Spangl m ade num er phone cals t Pl ntif
er
ous
l o ai f s'
r dence i V igi a w ih updat and al o r
esi
n r ni t
es
s equesed Pl ntf s
t
ai if
r ur t Del e t pur e lghtng fxt , needed t obt n
et n o awar o chas i i i ures
o ai
t Cer ii e of O ccupancy; t cerii t was i ued t t
he
tfcat
he tfca e
ss
o he
Ross on June 6,2006.
es
The deed t t pr t sgned by t Ross , w as m aied t
o he opery, i
he
es
l o
Vigi a.
r ni

( . 22,a 4- ) Ba e ont s a sri ,plitfsaguet t
Dkt#
t 5. s d he e setons anif r ha:
Vigi a' l ann sat e alow s t s Courtt obt n per
r ni s ongt ut l
hi
o
ai
sonal

j iditon ove Dee nt wh ha ce ry co td at ti
urs ci
r fnda s o ve la l mmie or n
a he s a e whi h ha c us d ha m i t sCom m onweat , and t
not r t t
c s a e r n hi
1h
o

oban pes j iditon o rDee a swhoha f l d a
ti ronalurs ci ve fnd nt
ve olowe
per santcour ofconductt per r est t t
sit
se
hat petat hat or.

( t #22,a 6.2
Dk .
t)
1 .
11

The efcsdono s
s at
t upport e r s ofpes na j iditonove d fnda sunde
the xecie
ro lurs ci
r ee nt
r
eihe t g ealo s ii j iditonsan r .Depiet f tt tûheei noh r a t r he en r r pecfc urs ci t dads s t he ac ha û r s ad-nd
t
f tr e f det m i ng w hen a def
as ul or er ni
endantscont sw ih t f um s at r
'
act t he or t e each t l
he evel

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Gr v.Cenrc t l ,l F. 61 6 ( h Ci.1 ;
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c t ee e tt whih a riig ors iia in ofbusne si die td s cii ly
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olctto
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ee

Sul rCr e Res t I .749F.Su 1 1 ( D. nd.1 ) an
phu e k or. nc,
pp. 95, 99 S. l 990 ; d
d) t ee e tt whih t no esd tde e an ceae l t r b i s
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Syn r si I '.LLC,676F.Su 2d93 94 ( D. l2009 Cds e t
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Pr e e.)
es nc ' .
'
l Ther i no i caton t t def
d.
e s ndi i hat he endant have everhad physi pr ence i Vigi a,and
s
cal es
n r ni
t ear no alegatonst t def
her e
l i hat he endant do t bul oft rbusi s oreven solci busness
s he k hei
nes
it i
i V igi a. The pl ntf salo do notalege t t def
n r ni
ai if s
l hat he endant have l t m busi s
s
ong-er
nes

r atons psw ih any Vigi a r dent Becaus pl ntf s alege no cont st teve
el i hi
t
r ni esi s.
e ai if l
act ha n
appr
oach t ext oft e out i i t e gui ng cas i i pl n t tt aleged cont s
he ent hos
lned n hes
di
es, t s ai ha he l
act
ar notdcontnuousand s t atc' w ih V igi a,butr t a iol ed s ofcont s r a ed t
e
s i
ysem i ' t r ni
a her n s at et
act elt o
t s fc r esat s e athand.
he pecii eal t e al

Wihrgadt s cfcj iditon ac r i rquie t e l t 4()tee e t
t e r o pe ii urs ci , ou ts e rd o vauae :1 h xtnto
w hi h t d en ntha p pos uly a ie is l oft e prvie e ofc uc i a tvii i t
c he ef da
s ur ef l va l d t e f h i l g
ond tng c i tes n he

sae'2)whehe t pli if' li aieou oft ea tvii die t a tesae a d(
tt ,
(
t r he antfs cams rs t hos ci tes rced t h tt; n 3)

wh t rt e r s ofpes lurs ci wo dbec nsiutonalyle ona e' Caefrtof
ehe he xecie
rona j iditon ul
o tt i l ras bl.' r is
'
Mavlnd.nc v. rfrtPr na vCe er,l ,33 F. 39 397( hCi. )(ii
r a I . Caeis eg nc nt s nc. 4 3d 0, 4t r2003 ctng
ALSSc n.lc. Diia Sev. ula s 29 F.d707 711 2( hCi. 02).
a n v. ztl r Cons tnt, 3 3
, -1 4t r 20 )
The Fourt C icui hasi ii a num beroff or f t cour t consderi
h r t
dentfed
act s or he
to
i n
as si w het def
ses ng
her endant have pur ef l a l t s ves oft prviege of
s
pos uly vaied hem el
he i l
conductng actvii i V igi a. Thes f or i ude t f l i .
i
i tes n r ni
e act s ncl he olow ng'
6

*
*

@
*

whe he t de e n m a nt nso fc o a nt i t e f um s a e
t r he f nda t i ai f i es r ge s n h or t t ;
whet t def
her he endantow nspr t i t f um sat
opery n he or t e;
whet t def
her he endantr
eached i o t f um s at t solci ori ta e
nt he or t e o i t niit
busi s;
nes
w he hert def
t he endantdelber t y engaged i sgnii orl t m
i a el
n i fcant ong-er
busi actvii i t f um sat
ness i tes n he or t e;
w het t pari cont act l agr t t l oft f um s at
her he tes
r ualy eed hat he aw
he or t e
woul gover diput ;
d
n s es
whe he t de c n m a i pe s n c t c w ih t r i ntoft
t r he f nda t de n- r o on a t t he esde
he
f um i t f um sat r di t busnessr atons p;
or n he or t e egar ng he i
el i hi
t nat e,qualt and ext oft partes' m uni i aboutt
he ur
iy
ent he i com
catons
he
b i s be ng t a a t d;a
us ne s i r ns c e nd
w he hert per or anceofcont act dutesw ast occurw ihi t
t he f m
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o
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or

Co uli Ena'sCor v.
ns tna
r p Geome rcLt ,5 F.d 273, ( h Ci.200 (n e n ctto
ti d. 6l 3
278 4t r 9) it r al ia ins

omitd)
te .
Consi a i oft e f or yi dst i capabl concl on t tdef
der ton hes act s el he nes
e
usi ha endant have not
s
pur ef l avaied t sel ofanyt ng t do w ih V igi a. Def
pos uly
l hem ves
hi o
t r ni
endant ha no of i or
s ve
fces
agent i V igi a,and t e i no alegaton t t own pr t he There i no alegaton
s n r ni
her s
l i hat hey
opery re.
s
l i
t def
hat endant s i t ori tat t s e oft D el epr t i Vigi a. N ot ng i
s olcied nii ed he al he awar opery n r ni
hi n
t pl ngss
he eadi ugges st def
t hat endant have engaged i any si fcantorl t m busi s
s
n
gnii
ong-er
nes
actvii i V igi a. The r es at contactatis i gover by Del a e l . Ther i no
i tes n r ni
eal t e
r
s ue s
ned
aw r aw
es
alegaton t def
l i hat endant t avel t Vigi a i connecton wih t D el ar sal N or i t e
s r ed o r ni n
i
t he aw e e.
s her

any alegaton t any partoft r esat cont actwast be per or ed i Vigi a. Atm os ,
l i hat
he eal t e
r
o
f m n r ni
t
pl ntfs alege t def
ai if l hat endant m aied bl i s t execut r es at contactand t deed
s l ueprnt , he
ed eal t e
r
he

t pl n if i Vigi a'pli if t ndee a$1 000. c e dr wnon aVigi a b nk;a
o aitfs n r ni , antfs e rd
0, 00 h ck a
r ni a
nd
def
endantSpangl m ade num er t ephone calst pl ntf s i V igi a aboutt t ans i
er
ous el
l o ai if n r ni
he r acton
i vi t Del e hous Telphone calsand m aii t a pl ntf i t f
nvol ng he awar
e. e
l
lngs o ai if n he orum s at do
te

no rs t t rquiielvelf s ii j idito Ea ePa rl '.Ic. Expoln Lt ,
t ie o he e st e or pecfc urs cin. cl oe ntl n v.
ik. d.
No. 07c 60 2008W L 1 06,a *5 ( D. J n.l 2 )(Elti wel s tldt tme e
2: v1 ,
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t ephone calsand el t oni com m uni tonsi f t ante of atansacton ar i uf i entt
el
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c nsiut pur e ula tviy. ( ia in omitdl;Co uli EnR's I .v.Ge ti
o tt e pos f c i t ' ct to
'
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ome rc

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t r utons No. 06c
2007WL 1 201 a *5( D. . .3, )(i ng
07 0, t E. Va Apr 2007 fndi
t exchange ofem aisand phone calsf t pur e ofengagi i a busnes tansac i w as
he
l
l or he pos
ng n
i sr
ton

i ufiin t stsys cii j iditon)afd, F.d273( hci.
nS fce t o aif pe fc urs ci , f' 561 3
5t r2009) Supef
,
. ros
l smensLt v.FisM isFetlz r lc.774F.Su 3 39 ( D. .1 )(lti
nvet t d. rt s riie. n ,
pp. 93, 7 E. Va 991 g1 s
gener l hel t m er phone calsand l t s and ar
aly d hat e
l
eter ,
guabl f com m uni i i
y ax
catons, n

frhea eofata a tonaei ufiintt fr aba i frpes nalurs ci '( ttons
ut rnc
rnsci r ns fce o om
ss o ro j iditon. ciai
'
o i e ; s e as Buc Co. a
m t d) e lo ks Plvhous v. a ha 577F.Su 1 3,1 9 ( D. 1 )
t
e Br ds w,
pp. 20 20 E. Pa. 983
(ttngt tdas resoft lphonec ls t m alngoft pit ea bi r phi maera,a d
sa i ha $ e i
ee
al, he ii
he cur nd og a c t il n

onetlgrp 'dono rs t t lve ofds tnil' .Morov ,theSuprmeCoul ( )
ee a h,
'
t ie o he e l subsa ta.)
'
e erd
t
e
' has
t

rjce g)pl ntf sc e int tac e tngc c drwnonaba i t f u saewasa
ee td a ai if ontnto ha c pi he ks a
nk n he orm tt
ba i f fndi urs ci i t tsae. Mel Ba ( s)PSFS. A. Di r c Br .
ss or i ngj iditon n ha tt ' lon nk Eat
'
N. v. veonia os.
I ,98 F. 551 555( Ci.1 (iigHeioper , U. a 41 ) Ta nt eh r
nc. 3 2d , 3d r 993) ctn lc t os466 S. t 6 . ke og te,
t e scantcont sw ih V igi a f lf s tofpur ef avaim ent and t e i no basi f
hes
act t r ni al ar hor
pos ul l ,
her s
s or
a fndi ofs fcJurs cton.
i ng
pecii - idi i 3
l .
V

Fi l pl nif cli t tSpan e wai hi rgh t c le pes na j rs ci
naly, aitfs am ha
glr ved s i t o halnge ro l uiditon
byr po ngt aM o i t Diquaiy Couns l( t / l , piet f c t tSpa e ' frt
es ndi o
ton o s lf
e Dk ./ ) des t he a t ha nglrs is
2

a peaa ei t sc tc le dpes lurs cinaone Spa e c tndst tt s
p rnc n hi our halnge rona j idito l . nglr one ha hi
s equentappear
ubs
ance wasa r r r
equied, esponsi brefundert l
ve i
he ocalr es. W . .Va.Loc.
ul
D

Ci R.l1c( ) TheFourhCicuihasi eprtdFe rlRul o Ci lPr e r l h t
v.
()l.
t r t ntr ee dea e f vi oc due 2() o
3 Aspur ef la im e pl i y i notm e he e, t c ti notr quie t a es t r i n e e t oft
pos u va l nt a nl s
t r he our s
e r d o ddr s he ema ni g l men s he

s e i cj rs ito ts.Co s li gEn 's 5 F.da 2 2
p cf u idci n et n utn g r, 61 3 t 7 .
i
8

al t n i idwai rofapes lurs cindee ebydeen nt whoa pea beor a
low t mple ve
a
rona j idito fns
f da s
p r fe
c r t de t algai ofac an,b whof lt ma ep rona j iditonobe to
ou to ny he le tons
omplit ut
ai o k es lurs ci jcins
a t tmeoft i a a a e. Fose v. ltv3 Sa l 278F.d 409, 4 ( h Ci.2 )
t he i
her ppe r nc ' tr Aret
'
r,
3
41 4t r 002

( tncBehlhe St lCor v. ves 389F. 4 46( hCi.l :. c us Spa e ha
cii t t m ee p. De r,
2d 4, 4t r 968 Be a e nglr s

ma n agume sont meisoft sc s ,a dc le dpes lurs ci i hi frt
de o r nt he rt hi a e n halnge rona j iditon n s is
appear
ance,i i cl t he hasnotw ai t def e.
t s ear hat
ved hat ens

I shor ,t alegatons oft scas concer cerai f l est dicl and
n
t he l i
hi e
n t n aiur o s ose
m ir
s epres atonsconcer ng t s eofr es at l ed i Delw ar N otonl i t r
ent i
ni he al
eal t e ocat n
a e.
y s he eal

esat l ed i Del e,t sal contactwasexecut t e,t cl i t pl t e and
t e ocat n awar he es
r
ed her he osng ook ace her
t aleged m ir esent i and f l es t dicl e wer m ade t e. Pl ntf sdo notalege
he l
s epr
atons
aiur o s os
e
her
ai if
l
contnuousand s t atc cont s by def
i
ys em i
act
endant wih V igi a,norhave def
s t r ni
endant
s

pur ef l avaied t s vesoft pri l ofconduc i busnessi V igi a,asnone of
pos uly
l hem el
he viege
tng i
n r ni
t actons gi ng rse t t aleged m ir es atonsand f l es t di cl
he i
vi i o he l
s epr ent i
aiur o s osuret pl i
ook ace n
V igi a.
r ni

As s
uch,t sdiput i notpr l bef e a Vigi a courtand m us be r ol i
hi s e s
opery or
r ni
t es ved n

Dea r.Anode dimisngt scaef Ickofpes nalu idito wilb e ee
lwae
r r s si hi s or a
ro j rs cin l e ntrd.
Ent ed: J y 21,2011
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Mi
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Unied St esD it i Judge
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