Ferrell v. Great Eastern Resort Corporation, Inc. et al

Filing 124

MEMORANDUM OPINION. Signed by District Judge Michael F. Urbanski on 11/12/2014. (jat)

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ATHARRI
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IN TH E U N I D STAT E S D IST RICT CO U RT
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FO R T H E W E ST E RN D IST RICT O F V IRG I I
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G R EA T EASTER N R ESO R T

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CORPORATI I , 1 ,
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Unied Stt DititJ
t aes stc udge

D ef
endant
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M EM O RAN D U M O PI I N
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Gt a Eatr de lpe Masa tnrs t(f sa tn',a6, 0a r tmes r ts t
e t sen veo d snute eor t snute ' 00 ce i -hae eor
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e t t n o t nage nt nc. nd
ors
e , nc. e e mi t d s e t n
De m be l 201
ce r 0, 3.

r t butt Be lly G r
esor,
he rte oup,I ,a For La r e,Fl i bas com pany,m anagesm a tng
nc.
t ude dal orda, ed
rke i

a slsa tviisf Mas tn. ehole De l,Dk. 7 1 a ! 2nd ae ci te or sanute Hir z r c. tNo. 8-, t ! 4.
G r East n sel tm e- har utlvi s l em pl
eat
er ls i s es ii ng a es
oyeeson t ditncts est s The
wo s i al eam .
ff
ftontlne' s l t ft tm e buye ,a t fi houselne' s l t exitng tm e- har ownet
i ' els o lst i
ts nd he tni ' els o s i i s e
s.

De. Me S p S mm. .Dk . 7 , t 4 Th fo l ea di ho s l eha edfee
fs m. u p. u J, tNo. 9 a + . e z nti n n- u e i v ifrnt
'
n
n
w ork s
chedul ,gi dif entt
es ve f et ypes oft s and t i of i ar l ed i dif r ar on t
out ,
het fces e ocat n f e ent eas he

M a s nute pr ry. d. S o e D e a 67: 2 1 .
s a t n ope t l ; pr us p. t 1 - 5 The hi r r hy oft s l ss a fa G r a
eac
he a e t f t e t

Eatt c it oft pr e tdrcorlnedie t s slsma geso fa -ve'ma g r (d
sen onsss he ojc ie t ,i tcor, ae na t r ' keo r' na es <
t
TO
ma ge' , ndslsrpr e a s Thepr e tfie t oves e alsl o rdonsa
na rh a ae e esntdve .
)
ojc lrcor re s l aes pea
t
M as anuten,t lne diect sover ee t TO m anager who,i t n,over eet sofsaes
s t he i
r oê
s he
s
n ur
s eam
l

r pr ent
e es aùves The s esre ent i ar t ft tpoi ofcont f cusom e atM ass t
.
al pres atves e he ls nt
act or t rs
anuten.

Clve e Af.Dk. 7 4,a !3.
e ng r f, tNo. 8- t
Typi l t f lne s esr es advesar i a t res tea m or ng and wai f
caly, he ront i al epr ent
tve t he or ch
ni
t or
gues st a rve f t
t o r i or oursoft properp The te ent i a c en t gi t son a
he
t
pres atves re hos o ve our
r adonalbass A fera t u oft pr r y and is f ltes t re ent i brng t c t er
ot
i. t
ot
he ope t
t aciii , he pres atves i he us om
back t t r or and ty t convi t c om ett com m i t ptr i a tm e- har Att s
o he es t
t
. o
nce he ust
o
t o tchasng i s e. hi

poi a TO m a ge a ss swih t ta a don a ti s t c os t s l . Fe r l D e a 36: 1
nq
na r s it t he r ns c
.
nd te o l e he a e r el p. t 1 38: 41:
12, 2-17.Thecust e et r us t buy,m akes a fflldow n' purc eby payi atl t
om r iher ef es o
fzl' has
ng eas
t per
en centoft pur e prce up f ,orm akesa tpende ' pur e wher he c m ist pay
he chas i
ront
d
r' chas
e
om t o

a l as t n pe c ntoft pur ha epr c o ta pe i oftm e. ous D e a 41 1 42: TO
te t e re
he c s i e ve
rod i Spt e p. t : 0- 25.
m anager alo gi atl one t each da K entD ep.at22: 22.TO m ana sm a coset r
s s ve east
our
y.
13ger y l hei
own de swihoutt as i t
al t
he s sance ofanot TO m anageti t i saesnum ber ar a cer nn lve f
her
f her l
s e
t i e l or

t pr c di sxmont .L a 2 5 10 Br dly De a 48: - l aTO m a ge cos sade lon
he e e ng i
hs i t 9:- ; a e p. t 11 15. f
na r l e
a
hi ow n butdoesnotha t r st sx- ont s eslve,anot TO m ana rw ilha t sgn
s
ve he equiie i m h al e l
her
ge l ve o i

2

of on t dea bef i can be s it l t cas t s
f
he l ore t
ubm ted. n hat e, he econd TO m anagetwilreceve t TO
l
i he
com m i i f t s e.I at30: 31:
sson or hat al d.
3- 21.

Saesr pr s nt dve a e e l t d ba e on a pe f m a e m e rc k wn asvol e pe
l e e e a s r vaua e s d
r or nc
t i no
um
r

g t(V1G'.TheVPG clultoni sti f a r t t a sl rve ge ttdbya
ues f 3 '
<
)
ac ai s taghtotvad:he otl aes e nue neae
t ese atve di ded by t t alnum berofcus om er t r esent i t
epr nt i vi
he ot
t
s hat epr
atve outed i a gi petod.
n ven i
M anager l atV PG overperodsoftm e r ' g f om t r y otsxt days,t sx m ont t one
s ook
i
i angm r hit
iy
o i
hs, o
year l at14: 16: A pet on' V PG can dif ovett evaroustm e f am esdependi on i he
. d.
19- 9.
s s
fet
hos i i r
ng
f
hi a sum p,wenton a hots t ak,i a cust erchanged hi m i and canceled apurc e afer
t l
te f
om
s nd
l
has t

l a ng t r s t oti ac t e f ie t c pl t a do n pa m e on a pe rs l Fe t l D e
e vi he e or, f us om t a l d o om e e
w
y nt
nde a e. r e l p.
a 290: 25; ous D e a 3 5 1 ,44: - .V PG r po t c n i l onl tfzldo n' s l s f
t 9- Spr e p. t 9: - 3 11 16
e r s a nc ude y <t w ' a e or
l
t s est es atvesordf ldown pl pende .'Sprous D ep.at44: 25;Fer elD ep.at
he al ept ent i
ful
us
rs'
e
17rl
227: 228: Br ey D ep.Ex.12. m ana sar evauat bas on t m eti t i V PG
23- 11; adl
TO
ger e l ed ed
wo
rcs: het
m eas es t rs espe or ance,a t rKTO num ber 'tack t rperf m a asm ana s
ur hei al rf m
nd hei K
s' r hei
or nce
ger -

mnnl t i a lt t f lz sls Clve e Af. !5 BrdlyDe a 47:-6.
i y her biiy o maie ae. e ng r fAt ; a e p. t 11
G r Easer s onaly reducesiss esf ce t coi de wih deci i t i m .Fet el
eat t n eas l
t al ot o nci
t
lnes n ours
rl

D ep.at51: 52: K entD ep.at59: 21.I or t det m i how m any m e ber oft s l
8- 13;
14- n der o er ne
m s he a es

ta t rti t pr e tdie t rle ont makei de rme ' prdit c t rfo
e m o ean,he ojc rcor eis he r tng pat nts e ced usome lw
a rc
nd e omme donon t numbe ofsl safnee d.Ke De a 6011617. pê e t
nda
he
r aes tf de
nt p. t : - : The ojc
diect wilt r t s ess af bas on t i V PG and t m i e ottansf t e s l
t or l hen ank he al t f ed
he r
et nat
r er hos aes

r es nt
epr e advesr
anked bel t num berofr es atvesneeded. K entD e at61: 62:
ow he
epr ent i
p.
9- 9.
Fer el be wot ng f G r Easer asa fontlne s l r pt ent i i 2003.Fet el
r l gan
ki or eat t n
r i a es e es atve n
tl
D ep.at45: 10.H ew aspr ot t TO m ana i 2005,dem ot t s l r es advei 2007,
4om ed o
ger n
ed o a es epr ent
n
pt ot t s esm a geta m ont l er dem ot t s esre ent i agan t f l ng
om ed o al
na
h at ,
ed o al pres atve i he olowi
m ont tansf tr t t exi de % e a f m ont l e ,tans e red back t s esasa TO
h, r e ed o he t pat nt ew
hs at r t f t
o al

m anage i 2008,dem ot onceagan t s esr
tn
ed
i o al eptes atve t f l ng m ont and t
ent i he olowi
h,
hen
t m i ed i N ovem ber2008.Fet el D ep.at45: 48: Fer el D ep.Ex.4.The N ove be 2008
er nat n
rl
15- 12; r l
m r
t mi
er nadon w aspar ofa s
t
easona r
l educton a wasbas on Fet el' poors esnum be .
i nd
ed
t ls
al
ts

Clve e Af. t!89 ntDe a 1 1 - .Gra Eatr rlie Ferli 20 a asls
e ng r fa Ke
p. t 6:621 e t sen etrd reln 09 s ae
r es adve,a Vi otBuckly w asli lne ciect .Fer el D ep.at48: 49: Fer elD ep.Ex.
epr ent
nd ct
e
ls i lt ot r l
20- 1; r l
4.Fer el w aspr ot t TO m anage a n i 2011.Fer el D ep.a 49:
rl
om ed o
r gai n
rl
t 14-169Fe t lD ep.Ex.4.
r el
I Febm ar 2012,Fe elwastansf r t a dif entlne diect ,Rebecca Br e afe ha ng
n
y
rt l
t er ed o
fer i
r or
adly, t r vi

pr e sw or i wih Buc e Br d e D e a 1 20- 8: Fe r l D e Ex.4 Ex.16 a *G ERC
obl m
k ng t
kly. a l y p. t 7: 1 9; r e l p.
,
t
6329K entD ep.at34: 35:
16- 22.

l 201 BobKe (< nt'a StveNihol (Nihol' weec pr e tdrco sf t
n 2,
nt < ' nd e c s ( c s' r o- ojc ie tr or he
Ke )
f
)
rs tsslsdi son, ndRe c aBrdlyrBrdlf'wa Ferl' l ctcor Clve ge De a
eor' ae vii a
be c a e f a e ) s tels i le t . e n r p. t
ne i
22: 199K entD e at34: 19.Fet el w asaTO m a geron Br ey' lne.Fer el D ep.a 49:
14p.
16rl
na
adl s i
rl
t 14-

19 l lt J yore ryAu t2 2, Ke ake Brdlyt slc oneofhe TO ma g r t
. n ae ul al gus 01 Bob nt s d a e o ee t
r
na es o
dem ot and t bas herdec son on eihe TO n'm be ,ft number ' orpe onalW 3G .Br ey
e
o e
ii
t r
A ts team
s'
rs
adl
D ep.at64: 15;KentD ep.48:2- Bt e recom m ended t Fer el s d be dem ot
41 22. adly
hat r l houl
ed
becaus he had t l es TO num be am ong Br ey' t
e
he ow t
rs
adl s eam ofTO m anage and becaus of
rs
e

fhow much vol e hehad,and how m any t eshehad s on.'Bradl D e at65: 16;
f
um
abl
at '
ey p.
10-

Cl ve e D e a 1 : - .
e ng r p. t 51 3 11 The f a de ii t de ot Fe r l wa K e ' r s i lt . e
m l c son o m e r el s nts e ponsbiiy K nt
D ep.at48: 11.D es t hi dem oton t saesre ent tve,Fer el contnued t cose s e ofhi
4pie s
i o l pres a i
rl
i
o l om
s
deal wihoutt as it
s t
he ss ance ofaTO m ana .I at28: 29: Fer el D ep.a 49: 50:
ger d.
10- 109 r l
t 25- 12.
O t TO m anagersw e dem ot f
her
re
ed tom ot rlnes asw el.Thos TO m a
he i
l
e
nager notonl
s
y
had t l es TO num be am ong t TO m anage on t rres
he ow t
rs
he
rs hei pecdve t s butt y as had
eam ,
he lo

t l es pe onal'
he ow t rs
VPG num be aswel.Clvenge D ep.at152: 153: On Br e slne,
rs
l e
r
24- 6.
adly' i
however t e wasnota TO m anagerw ho had botlt l
, her
l he owes TO num bet and t l es
t
s
he ow t

pes l
rona VPG.Ferlha t l s TO numbes butSe Mori (< otn' ha t lwet
rel d he owet
r, tve tn K r' ' d he o s
M i)
per onalVPG .1 a 153: 21.
s
d. t
7-

Afe lsd moini Au us, rell dac mpan wihDa i Clve g r(C1v n e',
tra e t n g tFetlfe o lit t vd e n e < e e g r'
i
o
l
<
)
G t a Ea t r shum a t o c sdie t a M as a t n.I t tc pl i , r ela l g d he wa
e t s e n'
n es ur e t c or t s nute n ha om a nt Fe r l le e
s
wrongf l de ot bas on a r antcreadons p bet n hi s
uly m ed ed
om i l
hi
wee s uperv s ,Bt le and one of
i ot acly,
hers di es M ot i i vi aton ofG r Eas er sdicrm i
ubot nat , rn, n ol i
eat t n' s i nadon and har m entpolcy.
ass
i
Cl
evengerD e at15: 21;ClvengerD ep.Ex.3.K entand N i sdi notknow Fer lfl t
p.
12e
chol d
rel ted he

Au s h ma rs u c sc mpan u iti lkainbe a . nt p. t 61 -9 Nih l De
gut u n e o te o lit nt hs i t
l t o g n Ke De a 4 :4 1 ; c os p.
at103: 104: Br e knew Fer el fl acom pl nta
22- 4. adl y
r l ted
ai bouthi de oton,buts ci notknow
s m i
he ld

t pat ll s oft com pl nt Bradl D e at43: 19,44: 13,70: 11.l Se em be 2012,
he dczat
he
ai .
ey p.
1125- n pt
r
Fe t lfl a se
r el ted xualdicrm i i char wih t EEO C.K entD ep.at32: 18;Cl
s i naton
ge t he
12evenge D e
r p.
Ex.7.N eihe Br e K ent norN i swasawat t tFe relfl t Sept berEEO C
t r adly,
,
chol
e ha r l led he
em

com pl ntuntlf sltiadon be Br e D ep.at137: 8;K entD e at57: 58: N i sD ep.
ai
i hi i g
gan. adly
3p.
12- 9; chol
at104: 20.
11-

Br ey adm is t beng i a r andc r a
adl
t o i n om
eldons p wih M ot i att tm e s de ot
hi t
tn he i he m ed
Fe rel Br e D ep.at34: 25.Af e Fer el fl li com pl ntwih hum an r
r l. adly
16t t r l ted ls
ai
t
esources Clvenger
, e
conf ed Br ey wasi a r atonshi wih M or i and t s r
um
adl
n el i
p t
rn
hat he ecom m ended Fe relf
t l or

dem odon bas on li TO num ber .Cl
ed
ts
s evengerD e at144: 11.Clve
p.
2e ngera s confr ed wih
lo
im
t
K entt hehad as t lne diect s t dem ot one TO m anage fom t rt sbas on t
hat
ked he i
t ot o
e
tr
hei eam
ed
he

c ie i t lne dr c o sc ea c i e ho t f lde
ttra he i ie t r hos nd onf- d w he ma modon de ii we ema . ., t
csons t de 1l a
t

1 32 - 6 :3 Clv n e De . .1 Th EEOC as i skae t ecam, st n bl t
6 :3 1 41 ; e e g r p Ex2 . e
lo t t td h li wa t a e o
we
u
c l t a t i or donobti detbls llvoltons' Til Vl,a cosdt fl.
oncude l t he nf ma
a
ane sa ihed i ai 'of te l nd l e he te
Fer el D ep.Ex.9 at+1.
rl

l O ct r2012,G r Eas er began pre rng f isseas
n
obe
eat t n
pa i or t
onalr
educton i s af . N i s
i n t f chol
r ved a com m uniaton f om G r tEas e n' he ofm a ketng t tf
ecei
c i r
ea
t r s ad
r i ha rontlne saes saf needed
i
l tf

t bereduced t ffy-i saesre es adves N i hol D ep.at27: 13.Rat t n c s af down
o
o it fve l pt ent
. c s
2her ha ut t f
t ffy-i i m edit y,K entand N i sdeci t ildaly cutt s ess af down t sxt lve
o it fve m
a el
chol
ded o ri l
he al t f
o i y-i
r ese advest accountf tae ant pat i eas i t im as i ed w ih t f l f i 1d.
ept nt
o
or l
ki ed ncr e n outs socat
t he al olage.
at28: 29: 31: 32: K entt m i ed or tansf t el
14- 1, 13- 23.
er nat
r er ed even s esem pl
al
oyeesfom t f ont
t he t
lne,i udi one TO m anaget M or i w ho wasdem ot t s est es adve and tansf r t
i ncl ng
, rn,
ed o al ept ent
t er ed o
t i hous s esEne.K enttansf r M or i r hert t m i i hi i ot t t gi hi a
he ne al
r e red
rn at han er natng m n de o ve m

s
econd cha t i easehi s esnum be .K entD ep.71: 16,Ex.2 at*G ERC 6085. N o
nce o ncr
s al
rs
92
em pl entacdon w ast
oym
aken ast Fe reli O ct .
o r ln
ober
AsN ove berdr t a cose,Grea Eas e n decded t m ake t f alround ofc st t
m
ew o l
t tt
i
o
he m
ut o he

f lne saessaf.U sng a N ovem ber26,2012,year t dat s l t por ,K enta N i s
ronti l t f i
-o- e a es e t
nd chol
s ect St Fer el a ong wih ei ot m em be oft fontlne s ess af f t m i don.
el ed eve r l l
t ght het
rs he r i al t f or er na
O ne oft
hosei vi l w asa TO m ana w ho had t l es V PG outofal ofta s ess af .
ndi duas
get
he ow t
l le al t f

N i sD e Ex.2.K entand N i sr nked t s ess af accotdi t V' and r aned t t
chol p.
chol a
he al t f
ng o PG
et i
he op
ffy- i m em ber oft saess af.W ih t excepton oft TO m anagerwih t l es V PG
it eght
s he l t f t he
i
he
t he ow t
outofaloft s ess af ,K entand N i sdi notconsde t ot TO m anager f t
l
he al t f
chol d
i r he her
s or hat

sa ona tr na nbe a eTO ma g r aej don ot rciei aongvrhVPG. ntDe
es lemi do c us
na es t udge
he rtra l i
t
Ke
p.
a 1 23- 0 1 N ihol D e a 5 1 5 11
t 03: 1 4: 0; c s p. t 7: - 9: .

Afe de i ngwhot tt nae Nihossnta emalt Viki Rui (Rui' Huma
tt cdi
o emi t, c l e n - i o c e z < z'
f )
n
Res cesD iec orf t Ber ey G r
our
r t or he kl
oup,t i or heroft s ecdons.N i s D ep.Ex.2 at
o nf m
he el
chol
2Cl nge t tfedt tt Hum a Re olr Diecorf t Be kl Gr
eve r esii ha he
n s zces r t or he r ey oup,Viki Rui, m a t de sont
c e z de he cii o

ta frMornb cu eSt udb b s t sn l rilu t i h u e. . ene d dt b sp rtdfo
rnse ri e a s k wo l c eto e d Morn p o n-o s . h e e o e e aae rm
i

Brdly. Bu M ori sçcha ofEmpl e For 'cla l sae t tanse a dem oi w eetpe Bob
a e ' t rn' ç nge
'
oym nt m ' e ry t ts he r fr nd
ton r t r
Ke t'a be aus ofçpoorPr ton- Gi anoherc ea I
n' nd c e t
oduci
ven t hanc t nhous 'Compa eCl nge Dep.a 1 l
e.
'
r eve r
t 66:91 6wihKe De Ex. a *GERC 6085.M o e ,Nihol t tfedt tKe woul ma decso a t
67-1 t nt p. 2 t
r over c s esii ha nt
d ke iins s o
whos dbetr natd o ta f r t n t echoieswoul bef r r d t Huma Re our sa t Ber e
houl
e mi e r r nsered he hos
c
d o wa de o
n s ce t he kly
Gr f fna appr .SeeN ihol De a 48:- 7.
oup or i l oval
c s p. t 1 50:

6

*G ERC 6019. Rli and N i s s
az
chol poke on t t e
he elphone,a s r
nd he eques ed t t t N i sand
t he epor s chol
K entus i ot t conf t gzoundsf t t m i i . N ihol D ep.at44: 45:
ed n der o
um he
or he er natons c s
8- 15.
N i s s Rui anot r e- alt ti uded t l tpage oft yea t dat s esr tf
chol ent z
he m i ha ncl
he as
he i- o- e al epot ot

N ove be 26 2 2.N i hol D e Ex. Fe r l a t ot r s l ss a fw e e t r i t o
m t , 01
c s p. 3. r e l nd he he a e t f r e m na ed n
D ecem ber2,2012.N i hol D ep.Ex.5.
c s
Soon af e hew asft Fer el fl a hum an r otr com pl ntwih Clve
tt
led, r l led
es tces
ai
t e ngeral ' g
legm

li t r i ton wasi r t l i f hi fl t Augus hum a r s c sc pl i a
as e m na i
n e a i on or s i ng he
at
i
t
n e our e om ant nd
Se e be EEO C c pl i . r elD e Ex. 5 a +
pt m r
om a nt Fe t l p. 1 t FERREIL 1 Fe r l fl d a he EEO C
- 2. t el te not r
.
com pl i r gar ng hi t m i
ant e di s er nadon s ty t eafer Fer el D ep.Ex.15 at*FERREI, 8.N eihe
hor l her t . r l
.
L
t r
Btadl N i s,norK entw er a a t Fer el fl t D ecem berhum an r ucescom pl nt
ey, chol
e w re hat r l ted he
esot
ai

o EEOC c mplit nt ti lkainb g n. n De a 5 :0 5 :; a lyDe . t1 79
t
o an u i hs i to e a Ke t p. t 81 -93 Brde p a 3 :l
t
1 12 N i hol D e a 1 1 - 0 7. r ela t m pt d t a y f a s l sposdon on t i hous
38: ; c s p. t 05: 1 1 6: Fe r l te e o ppl ot a e
i
he n- e

lnei J l 201 FerlDe a 1 16 1 ;Clve e De a 6 2070: l Au tFetl
i n uy 3. rel p. t 81: - 9 e ng r p. t 9: - 8. n gus, rel
di
scover he was notelgi c f t poston on t i hous lne becaus he had been desgnat
ed
i bl ot he ii
he n- e i
e
i ed
as <notf te e 'i hi em pl
ï or hie' n s
oyee fl Fer el D e at197: 198: Cl venge D e at70: 71:
te. t l p.
21- 29 e
t p.
23- 8.

Clve tm a ke Fe r l' e pl m e fl asi lg bl f r hie a t rFe t l' t r i don.
e nge r d t els m oy nt le ne i i e or e r fe r els e m na
Clve
e ngetD ep.at135: 23;Cl vengetD ep.Ex.8;Bt e D ep.at117:
2e
adly
1-119: Clve
6. e ngerm at
ked
Fer el asnotei bl f r r becaus he
rl
lgi e ot ehie
e

had r ved about eghtH R com pl nt ofi i i i t
ecei
i
ai s ntm daton, hreat ng
eni

be vi ,c
ha or omme s Fetllwa not- youknow,Ferl wa not
nt. rel s
rel s
)
f l ng t TO r es A nd al tls happe a i w as - 1m ean,
olowi he
ul .
l li
ned nd t

yo know,oo ngbak,pe esy, ouknow,( zelwa j tknd
u
l ki c opl a y
Fet l s us i
l
offeki pe eout Buti wa nott t l wa - Ferl wa ra ng opl . t s
ha. t s
rel s
)
peopl w e t t fed.Peopl di t w a t com e t w or Peopl
e re erii
e dn' nt o
o
k.
e

weeawa worid a utwhee ( tel wa.And 1obst d t
r l ys re bo
r Fetll s
eve he
beha or m ys fi m eedngs wih M r.Fe rel I di notwantt e
vi
el n
t
t l. d
o ver
ha t dealwih t a n f peopl t wor t e and m ys f
ve o
t hat gai or
e hat ked her
el.
So hew asputon t notf -ehie ls f t e behavi .
he - otr r i t ot hos
ors

Id.at129: 239s alo Cl
9- ee s evenge D ep.Ex. Ex. Rti appr
t
6, 23. zz
oved Cl ngersdecii t m a k
eve '
son o r
Fer el asi i bl f r r I at268: 269:
r l nelgi e or ehie. d.
8- 3.
II.

Pu s a tt Fe ea Rueo CiiPt c d r 5 () tec u tmu tf rnt u r jd me t
ru n o d tl l f vl o e u e 6a,h o t s t a s mmay u g n
g
i t m ova s stm tt e i no genli diput ast a m at i f and t m ova i
f he
nt how l her s
ane s e o ny eral act
he
m s

e ldt j me a amatroflw. Fe R. v. 5 a;CeotxCo . Caz t, U. 317
ndte o udg nt s te a ' d. Ci P. 6() l e
'
v. tet477 S. ,

3 2(9 6; nnv.
2 1 8 ) Gl
EDO Co .7 0F.d2 9 2 3(t Ci. 0 3 .W h nmad gti
, 1 3 0 , 1 4h r2 1 ) e ln hs
det m i i t courts d consderft pl ngs de i ,ans e t i er ogat i ,and
et naton, he
houl
i the eadi , posdons w rs o nt r ores

a si on fl,og he wih.. gny afda t'fldbyt pate .Ceotx, 7U. a 3
dmisons le t et t t .a l fi vis'le
he ris l e 47 S. t 22.
W het a f i m at raldepends on t r evants t
her act s e i
he el
ubsanéve lw . A nde on v.Li t Lobby.
a
rs
ber y

l .4 7U.. 4 , 4 (9 6 .f l ds tso e fcsta mkh afc teo to of h st
nc, 7 S 2 2 2 8 1 8 ) f y ipue v r a t h t t fe t h u c me t e tt
on
i
unde t g r ng1w wi pr pel pr cudet e r ofs
r he oveni a l o ry el he nty ummayj
l
r udgme .Fa ta diput
nt cu l s es
t ta eir lva orunne e s r wilnotbec e ' Jl (ia omitd.Themovi pat
ha r ree nt
c say l
ount d. t ctdon te )
' t
ng ry
-

bear t i talbur ofdem onst
s he nii
den
tadng t a ence ofa genli is ofm a era f . Ceot
he bs
lne s ue
t i l act l ex,

477 U . at323. l t bt
S.
f hat uden hasbeen m et t non- ovi pa y m us t com e f war a
, he
m ng rt
t hen
or d nd

esa iht s cfcmaeilfcsi diput t s vves
tbls he pe ii tta at n s e o ur i ummayj gme .Mas hiaElc.ndus
t ud nt tus t e I .

Co. Ze t Ra oCo .47 U. 574 58 -8 (98 )
v. nih di
, 5 S. , 6 7 1 6 ,
l det m i ng whet ra genli i s ofm at ralf texi s t cot vi w st f s a
n er ni
he
lne s ue
e i ac st, he ut e he act nd

d a al e s n bl i ee c snt el tmo tfv tbet t en n mo igpat.Glnn 7 0
rws lrao a e nfrn e i h kh s a o a l o h o - vn ry y , 1

F.d a 2 3(iigBo s Levt 6 9F.d3 9 3 0(t Ci. 0 1) I d e ,fji a txo
3 t 1 ct
n nd v. a iq 2 3 6 , 8 4h t 2 1 ). n e d ïi s n a im
gt
t ti r lngon amoton f s mmayj gme ,t e i eoft nonmo nti t bebeive
ha n ui
i or u r ud nt he vdenc he
va s o
le d,
a alj dfa ei e e e a et bedrwn i g r fvor' M c rads l v.ii ry clr
nd l us ibl nfr nc s t o
a n he) a .' Aili . nc. I mbe l- a k
'

Cor .No. -044, 4W L 28 4 a * (t Ci. u 2 2 4 (ntr latrdo omitd
p. 132 201
71 92, t 1 4h tJ ne 5, 01 ) i ena lea n te )

(iigToa v. to 1 4SCt 1 6 , 8 3(0 4 (e c r ml.Mo e v r tcr dbly
ct
n ln Co tn, 3
. 8 1 1 6 2 1 ) p r ui ) to e,d le iit
a
g
i
8

det m i
er nadons t w ei ng oft evi
, he ghi
he dence,and t dr wi oflgii at i et
he a ng e tm e nf encesfom t
r
he

fcsaej yfnc ,nott eofaj .. . Andes 47 U. a 25 Howe rt nona t r ur u dons
hos
udge .'
'
ton, 7 S. t 5.
ve,he
m ovi pary Km us s f h s ii f s t go beyond t t e exit
ng t < t et ort pec lc act hat
he m te s ence ofa s ntla of
ci il

e ie c .'Gln , 0F.da 2 3(u t gAn es n, 7 U.. t2 2 .l se d ten n mo ig
vd n e'
'
n 71 3 t 1 q oi
n d ro 4 7 S a 5 ) n ta ,h o - vn
pat mu ts o ta dheei s f ce te ie c fv r gteno jmo igp ryfrajt t
ry s h w h tt r s u û in vd n e a oi h ng vn at o uy o
t
n
r t t ave d c f t tpa t ' Re . nks r s Co . St Pa M e c l . , F. d 631
e un
t i t or ha ty. s Ba ha e
'
v. . ul r u ns Co. 407 3
,

6 ( hCi, 5 (uotngAndes 47 U. a 249.<1 ot rwor ,t grntsmmay
35 4t r200 ) q i
ron, 7 S. t ) <n he ds o a u r
j me t Cour mus deemi t tnoraona ejr c zdfnd f t nong vi pat
udg nt he
t t tt ne ha
e s bl u y oll t or he jmo ng ry

ont e de ebeor i. Mos v. r Co .985F. 73 738( . Ci.1 93 (i Pei
he vi nc f e t'
' s Paks
,
2d 6, 4t r 9 ) cdng rni
h

Co . . rn Co s.l c, 1 F.d 1 1 1 4(t Ci. 9 0)
v Peii n t n .9 5 2 2 , 2 4h r 1 9 ).
1
11.

Gta Eatr move f s
e t sen
s ot ummayj gme ont gr
r ud nt wo ounds Fis, e tEatm ag s
. rtGra se rue
t tFe r l f ist e t bls a prm a f c et t l do ca m be a e t t i no e de e t tt
ha r e l al o s a ih
i a i e ai n l i c us he e s
a
vi nc ha he
dec son m ake r ponsbl f hi t nadon kne oft pt ect acdviy att tm e oft r
ii
ts es
i e or s ermi
w
he ot ed
t he i
hei
al
leged t alat y acdons.Second,G r East n ar
et i or
eat
et gues t Fer el f l t e
hat r l aied o xhaus hi
t s

a m i sr dve t m e e a t t a lge T c m e t de e shi c pe a i 'a t
d nita
e di s s o he le d t he s o pr s s om ns ton' nd he
s
desgnat ofFe r lasi i bl f rehie.I t aler i G t Eas er cli si had
i bn
r el nelgi e or r n he t natve, eat t n am t
l tm at nondi c m i or a it ut bl re
egii e,
s ri nat s nd t ef a e asonsf t r i dng Fer el and desgnatng hi as
ot e m na
rl
i i
m

i lgbl f thie Fetlmove f pada s
neii e or e r. tel
s or t l ummayj
r udgme t thee a e i pr e td
nt ha
ng g d n otce
actviy,he exhaust hi adm i s t i te edi ,t ew asa caus lnk bet
it
ed s
nit atve m es her
al i
ween t ptot ed
he
ect
actviy and Fe elst tm i i and G r East n di notha a lgii at r on f t tmi i
it
rr l' e naton,
eat
er d
ve e tm e eas ot e natng
Fe r l
r el.

The dec sonst t m i e Fer el and desgna e hi i i bl f t nr wet m ade by
ii
o er nat
tl
i t m nelgi e or elie e
se rat i vi s K e and N i swer ê ponsbl f t t m i i decson,butClvenger
pa e ndi dual. nt
chol
e es
i e or he er naton ii
e

9

wasres i e f desgnadng Fer l asfnotf t nr 'Theref e,t cour wilfr taddres
ponsbl or i
rel d ot elie.'
or he
t l ls
s
Fer el' t m i
r ls er nadon a t addr shi i i biiy f r r
nd hen
es s nelgi lt or ehie.

A.

To es a ih aprm a f e case ofre aladon unde Til V I a pl ndf m us provet ee
t bls
i aci
ti
r te I, ni f t
hr

ee n s ï1 t tge e g g di ap o e tda d i ;2 t a gi e ly tt o a a v re
lme t:< ) ha h l n a e n r tce c vt () h t hs mpo e o k n d es
(
y
l
e o nta tona ans g mla ()t tt r wa ac usll bewe nt t e nt.
mplyme ci g i t hi ; nd 3 ha hee s a a i t e hea ve s'
nk
vo
'
E. O. v.
E. C. Na Fed. e tUri 424F.d39 40506(t Ci. 05.ï otce a t iyunde
Ctdi lon,
3 7, - 4h t 20 ) t e td ci t
pr
v
r
Til V 1 i d v de i o t c t gotes o
te l s i i d nt wo a e i , pposton a pa dcpa
ii nd r i don. La hl v.M e r
' u i
'
n
to

W ahn tnAlp rsAu h, 4 F.d2 3 2 7(t Ci.9 8. esaat p o ie i pet e t r:
s igo ' o t t .1 9 3 5 , 5 4h t1 9 ) Th tt e r vd sn ri n pat
r
z
n
l s l be a unl f em pl ent pr i f an e pl r t
t hal
n
aw ul
oym
actce or
m oye o
di rm i e agai tany ofhi e pl
sc i nat
ns
s m oyees...beca he has oppos
use
ed
a pr
ny acdce m ade an unl tl em pl ent pr i by t s
awfz
oym
actce
hi
s
ubchapt r ...or beca e he hasm ade a char t tfed,asssed,or
e
us
ge, es ii
it
pa tcpat i any m anneri an iw esdgadon,ptoceedi orhearng
r ii ed n
n t
np
i
unde t ss ha er.
r hi ubc pt

42U. C.j2 e a.n s tfgj e oye ma notrtlaea i ta e o efr
S. 000 -3()I hot,tan mpl r y eait gans n mplye o

patcpa gi a o g igi ska o o p o e dn u e TieV1, o ma t ee ly rtk
rii dn n n n on t t d n r r c e ig nd t t 1 n r y h mpo e a e
we
l
adver em pl enta
se
oym
cdon a ns a em pl
gai t n
oyee f opposng dictm i or pr i i t
or
i
s i nat y actces n he

wor plc 'La hln,1 F.da 25 Patcpai i l s:()ma i ac r ( t t EEOQ ;
k a e. u i 49 3 t 9. rii ton ncude :1 kng hage wih he
'

()tsiyn ;3 assig o () tii aigi a yma ne i a i s g d n p o e dn , r
2 et ig () sit ; t 4 pat p t r n n r n n t d a o , r c e ig o
f
n
c n l
we
hern u d rTieVl. I . ct g4 U.. j2 0 e 3a) t o io a t iye c mp se
aig n e t I' d (ii 2 SC. 0 0 - ().f sé n ci t n o a ss
l '
n
opp
v
utl i i o m a gte nc pr d e a w elassa i i o m a pr e t a voi i ones
t z ng nf r l i va e oce ut s s l t g ng nf t l ot s s nd c ng '
'
i

o i o si o d tt bi gatn nt a e o e'csrmiao ya d ie . 1 .ct gAt to g
pnin n r e o rn te do o n mply r l ci n tr c vd s' d (in msrn
si
'
i
v.nde J na Co.6 F. 4 , (t Ci.981)
I x our l , 47 2d 41 448 4h r1 ).
The Supr e Cour oft U nied St esr
em
t he
t
at ecenty addr ed t caus ton s a
l
ess he
a i t ndar f Ti
d or de

VI rtl t n camsi Unv. fTe . w. d Ce tt Na sr 1 3S Ct2 1 (0 3. eet
1 eai i li n i o x S Me . n e v. sa, 3 . . 5 7 2 1 )Th r he
ao
Coutthel t tf- teV l r alaton cbi srequie pr t t desr t ret i e wast but f
d ha f l 1 et i i
fi
m
r oof hat he ie o alat
he - or
10

c u eo t ec aln e e ly nt cin. l . t2 2 (in Gt s v. Fi. evs. n .5 7
a s f h h l g d mpo me a t ' d a 5 8 ct g o s FBL n S t .l c, 5
e
o '
i
U. 1 7,1 (009.T ,n o de t prvalFerlmus putfrhf ooft tt lnlwf
S. 6 76 2 )'husi r t o e i, rel t ot f
pr ha he l a ul
t alaton w oul nothave occtt ed i t abse oft ale w t ulacton ozacdonsoft
et i i
d
z r n he
nce he lged ongf
i
he

em pl t.'I a 2533.
oye ' d. t

I a pl i ife t bls sa prm a f c e c e t he e pl rm a r buti by pr s ntng
f a ntf s a ihe
i a i as , f m oye y e t
t
ee i

e de eofalgii t, rtlao ytaonf t a ves a ton. J o v. c ris&
vi nc
e tmae non-eaitr e s or he d re ci ' ohns n Me halc
'
FamesBa NO. 1 ,30 F. x6 ,68 200 W L 1 077 a *8( h Ci. n. ,2 )
r r nk, 07-725 9 App' 75 4, 9
88 , t 4t rJa 23 009
(iigW il msv.Cebeonis l .871F. 45 457(t Ci.1 9)l t e oy ti a et
ct
n la
i
r r c.nc,
2d 2, 4h r 98 ). f he mpl e s bl o
pres te dence ofisl tm a e,non- alat y r on,t burde s fsbac t t e pl t
ent dvi
t egii t
ret i or eas he
n hit k o he m oyee o
s
how t t em pl ' prof e ed t on i pr ext .'1d.To s
hat he
oyers
f t eas s et ual'
how pr e ,t em pl
et xt he
oyee m us
t
prove tf h t t r on was f s a t di tm i
dbot hat he eas
ale nd hat sc i nadon w ast rea r on f t chalenged
he l eas ot he
l

c nd c.' l ndv W ahngo h me .n .4 7F.d2 8 2 8(t Ci. 0 7 (u t gBelv
o u t'Hol . s i tn o s l c, 8 3 0 , 1 4h t2 0 ) q oi al .
'
a
n
Abb t La s, 3 F3 6 4 6 9(t Ci. 9 7)
o t b .1 0 d 1 , 1 4h t 1 9 ).
I Eghtoft anal alf a ewor Fer el' cai f is t pt
n
hat ydc r m
k, r ls l m al o oduce s fci prooft m eet
ufi ent
o
t caus i s a r f a r ai or dichar cl m unde Til V I and f l t s
he
aton t nda d or et lat y s ge ai
r te 1
ais o how li
ls

de i na bn a i l i e f t hie wa pr t xt l Fis , he de ii m a r r s i e f Fe r l s
sg t
s ne i bl or e t s e e ua . t t t
g
c son- ke s e ponsbl or r el
'
t i i w er una a e ofFer el' prot ed actviy.Second,t e dence pr nt i t s c e
e= naton
e w r
r ls
ect
it
he vi
ese ed n hi as
s sG t East n desgnat Fer el asi lgi e f r 'e f al tm at non- s m i or
how
eat
er
i ed r l nei bl or eht or egii e,
t
dicri nat y
t on,and Fe relf ist r
eas
r l a l o ebutt r on wih e dence ofpr ext
hat eas
t vi
et .
B.

Becaus t decii m ake r ponsbl f t m i i Fet l wer una ar ofhi
e he
sonrs es
i e ot er natng rel e w e
s
pt ect actviy,Fer el' r aladon cli ast hi t m i
ot ed i t
r ls et i
am
o s er nadon i wihoutm ert A n em pl m us
s t
i.
oyer t
be awar ofan em pl
e
oyee' pr ect actviybef i ca r alat a ns i.SeeBa i v.Pri i
s ot ed i t
ore t n et i e gni t t
r
nci ,

43 F.d73 7 ( hCi. 06;Hoove te sv. l r, F. 259 27 ( hCi. )
4 3 3, 48 4t r20 )
n-xwi Cadea 249 3d , 3 4t r2001;
11

Wiims 871F. 45 457( hCi. 89; msrng,6 F. a 4 .l t sc e ,
la ,
l
2d 2, 4t t 19 )Ar to 47 2d t 48 n hi ontxt
<e pl ' m e t tdec son- ake ' behi t aleged r ai ory conduc .D ow e v.Tot
rm oyer: ans he ' i i m r'
nd he l
et lat
t
al

AcdonAgans Povet,1 F. 6 657( h Ci.1 ) I esnc ,i t frlva ofiil' s
i t ry 45 3d 53, 4t r 998.n se e f he ïee nt fca'wa
una ar oft prot ed actviy att tm e oft al
w e he
ect
it
he i
he leged retlaton,t e can be no caus lnk
ai i het
al i

bewe nt t e nt.S eUa 1,4 F. a 74
t e he wo ve s e
34 3d t 8.
l Baqi,a pli fal
n
t
andf leged hi e pl t m i ed hi i r aladon f cont i an
s m oyet er nat m n et i
or
actng
EEO C counseor a 61ng an adm i s t
l nd i
nit advecom phi .1 . t7 TheFouth Cic ta ft e t
nt 2. 40.
a
t t ui ftm d he
.

dititc tsgrntngofs
stc our' a i
ummayj me f t dee ntf t raons Fis,mos oft
r udg nt or he fnda ot wo e s . tt t he
ale r alat y conductoccut ed ptort t pbi fscons t
lged et i or
t
i o hat ndf
uladon w ih t EEO C.Id.at748.
t he
Second,t e wasno e dence t t decii m aketwas a e oft adm i sr i com pl ntat
het
vi
hat he
sonwat
he
nitatve
ai

t tm e oft al g r a it y c
he i
he le ed etla or onduc i t tc s Ll I Ca e v. l , heFo t Cic t
t n ha a e. Is n us
.
Bao t
ur. t ui
h
.

aft dacstc c ur' ga i ofs
flme l tit o ts rntng ummayj
i
r udgme f t dee ntast t pli ifs
nt or he fnda
o he antf'
r ai ory ha s entcli beca e t rewasno evi nce t t aleged har s kne oft
et lat
tas m
am
us he
de
hat he l
as er w
he

pan f sEEOC c r e . us v. l , 6 F.d8 30 (t Ci. 9 8.
lid p
hag s Ca e Bao 1 2 3 0 -4 4h r 1 9 )
I Thom asv.Poter a pl ntf fl a r ai ory di ha ge cli and t courtgt ed
n
t , ai if led et lat
sc r
anx
he
ant

s
ummayj
r udgme ftt dee ntThoma v. tr No.10 v377 2 WL 28 62 a *
nt o he fnda .
s Pote,
:6c , 006
50 3, t 4

( D. .Oc. 200 ) Tledee nti Thoma flda dafda tde i a kno e geof
E. Va t3, 6 . a fnda n
s le n <fi vi nyng ny wld
g nndf'lprorEEO a dviy'a t tmeoft alge rtl tr c
pli fs i
c t' t he i
he le d eai o y onduc a t pli f
a
q nd he andf
pr ded no evi
ovi
dence t contaditt def nda ' afi t 1 Thatpbi ipsçm e as er i
o
t c he e nts fdavi. d.
ntf < re s ton,

wiho mor t tg e a jdi ha s hk wld 'di notcet a is ofmaeilfc.d.
t ut e,ha defnd nt d ve uc no e ge' d
rae n sue
tra a t1
O t cicti cour sofappeal agreei i f m ent t t dec son- a m us be a a
her r tt
t
s
t s unda
al hat he ii m ker t w re
oft prordicrm i
he i
s i nadon com pl i f t e t be a ptm a f i r alaton cai . l Lucli v.
ant or het o
i ace et i i l m n
te

Ameie hCom.389F.d708(t Ci.2 )apli iffldaTil VI rtlai cam a i t
rtc
,
3
7. r 004, antf le
h
te 1 eaiton li gans
he e oye, ndt dititc ztga e s
r mpl t a he src olr tntd ummayj me f t e oy r I a 711 l t t
r udg nt or he mpl e. d. t . n ha
12

c s ,hepli ffldarca dici na c mpli wiht c nfsEEO rpzs ntdve 1
a e t nndf le ail stmi don o ant t he ompa
e e e a . d.
at712.The EEO r ese atve t i s di notci us t pl ndf di rm i i compli
epr nt i esthed he d
lsc s he ai fs sc i naton
ant
wi. t dec son- aker t decii m akercli e t haveno know l
t he ii m
h
, he
sonam d o
edge oft dicùm i i
he s
naton

c m pli ,t def nda c or don' po i y wa t ke p dic i i don c m sc i nta , nd
o ant he e nt om a s lc s o e s rm na
bi onfdc i l a
pbi ifpt
ntf oduced no e dence t ref e t EEO re ent i st tm ony ort decii m a '
vi
o ut he
pres atve' esi
he
son kets

tsi .-za 715 seas Grz l v. a lr He lhNewok.l .1 F.d261 26 ( . Ci.
etmony Jl t ; e lo ize Trvees at t r nc, 4 3 , 7 5t r
t
h
1 4)( antf pr e noe de eot re o e br htdici nai c ant t
99 pli if oduc d vi nc he mplye s oug srmi ton ompli s o
pl ndf' s i satendon l vi onl dm pet isbl s ul
ai fs uperor' t
ea ng y d
i
m s i e pec adon' t tt m i i w ascaus l
' ha er naton
aly

c n e tdt c mp n s ; l v. S Po tl e dc , 2 F.d 5 5 5 8(t Ci. 9 3 (bitf'
o n ce o o bit. Tal U.. sa S r e 7 0 2 0 , 0 8h r 1 8 ) p nifs
) e
te ala or dichat c m l d m e i w her undiput d t tm ony s ed dec son m ake had no
t it y s ge bi acke
rt
e
s e es i
how
ii
t

kno e ofpbi fsK itTil VI ac vi s'
wldge
ndf? f o te I d ée .)
pt
'

l t sc s, raona ejr c dc l t tt de ii ma t ts i ef
n hi ae no e s bl u or oul oncude ha he cson- kes eponsbl or
Fe r lst na w er awar ofFe relspt ect acdviy.K e and N i sbot t dfed t
r el' ermi don e
e
r l' ot ed
t
nt
chol h es i hat
t w e e unawat ofbot t i er hum an r ot
hey r
e
h he nt nal
es uces com pli aboutFer el' dem odon and t
ant
r ls
he
cor es
r pondi EEO C cha K entD e at46: 19,57: 58: N i sD ep.at103: 104:
ng
rge.
p.
1412- 9; chol
22- 4,
104: 20. Addii ly,e ass i Bradl pl
11tonal ven um ng
ey ayed any r e i t actmldecii t t t i e
ol n he t
son o e m nat

Fe rel- a nodon com pl el uns
r l
et y uppoted by t r d- s w asnotawar oft EEO C
t
he ecor he
e he
com pl ntand onl knew t Fer el had fl a hum an r our com pli t ci hi de odon.
ai
y
hat t l
led
es ces
ant egazlng s m
H owever s had no knowl
, he
edge oft s cii ofhi com pl nt Br ey D e at43: 19,44: 13,
he pe fcs
s
ai , adl
p.
11270: 11,137: 8.Tli t tm ony faty t ut Fe relsale i t t decii m a sw e e
53- ls esi
l l ef es r l' l gaton hat he
son- ker r

a r ofFerl' EEOC c ref l e t n Ocobe 7, 2.' . Me S S
wae
rels
hag t atr ha t r 201 'P1s m. upp. umm..Dkt
no
'
J, .
N o 81,at*26.

Fet lptes sa ol ey no e dence t c e agenli is ofm a era f on tlsi ue.
tel
ent bs ut l
vi
o teat
ane s ue
t i l act li ss

D ef ns counse spec fcaly as Fer el i hi deposdon:
e e
l ii l ked r l n s
i
13

Q:

How do y k w Re c aBrdlykne yo fldac r
ou no be c a e w u le hage

wih t EEO C?
t he
I don' know t s di ot t t f t s had m y
t
hat he d, her han he act hat he
pet
sonnelfl athom e.1' s e s - I as um ed,m a wtongf l
te
m ur he
s
ybe
uly,
t s w asprvy t al c
hat he
i o l onver atonsM z Cl
s i
. evengerand Ihad.

W ho elew aspi ed beca e you fl a chat
s
ss
us
led
ge?

A: W eli iwa publckno e e t nIwo di gneg nt
l,f t s i wldg ,he
ul ma i l j
ve
a ( c ljweea wel
nd Nihos r s l.
Q:

ldon'wa y t i g'e.Iwa t know wha c
t nt ou o ma m
nt o
t omme s
nt

t you hear t r l hat
d hat efect

Aspr vi l sat 1over d no s h com m ent
e ousy t ed,
hear
uc
s.

Fe r l D e a 1 2: 2 l e Fe r l i pr ty z l s on m e e s c a i a a s pto t
r e l p. t 7 4- 4. nde d, r el m ope l e i
e
r pe ul ton nd s um i ns o
concude K enta N i swer a at oft Sept berEEO C com pl nt A ddii l i was
l
nd chol
e w e he
em
ai .
tonaly, t

Gra Eatr spoiyno t dv keif r do a ut u nrs u c sc mpan so EEOC
et sen' l t o iu n o ma n bo h ma e o t e o lit r
c
com pl nt t anyone out i t hum a r out depar m ent N i s D ep.at103: 104:
ai s o
sde he
n es ces
t
. chol
22- 4,

1 2- Clve rDe a 1 16 1 ;Rli Af DktNo.792, t! 7-.
06: 7; e nge p. t 71: - 9 lm f, .
- a ! 8
Rel ng on t Fotrh Ci ui' dec son il1 1 v.Rum sf l Fe rel at
yi
he tt rc ts ii t *
ed, r l gues t t
hat he
t por pr m iy and cont ofFer el' t m i i a enough t es a i a cai f
em al oxi t
ext
r ls er naton re
o t blsh l m or

r ai
et ladon i t scase.Bec
n hi
ausehi t m i don occut altl ove t m ont afetflng hi
s er na
red ite r wo
hs t ii s
EEO C com pl nt Fer el a guest sl h oftm e i s hcentt esabls a ca lconnecton.
ai , r l t
hi engt
i s uf i o t ih
usa
i

Pl'Me Supp. umm. , . 8 a * Thefcsi I ng, ve, r ditnguiha c
. m.
s
S
j.DktNo. 1, t 25. at n vi howe rae si s bl
fom t e her l I ng,one oft pli ifss rds receved nodce oft pl ndf ' Equal
r hos
e. n vi
he antf' upe ors i
he ai fs

Emplyme Opporuniyc anta i thi 1
o nt
t t ompli gans m.0

v.
Rumsed,3 F. 1 1 ( h Ci.
fl 28 3d 45, 48 4t r

2003. tmporlpr i t oft pli fstr nai pr vi d<as fce i ee eof
)The e
a oxmiy he anùf' emi ton o de < ufiintnftnc
caus
aùon t s y t ptm a f i te r ent'becaus t s
o adsf he ' ac e quiem '
i
e he uperv s had notce oft com pl nt
i or
i
he
ai
i t c e. l at151,151 n. The dec son- aker he how e ,had no notce oft com phi
n hat as d.
5.
ii m
s re,
ver
i
he
nt

14

att tm e oft ale r alat y acton.The ote,t t pot lproxi iyal cannotpr de
he i
he lged et i or i
tef
he em a
m t one
ovi

as fce i ee eofc ustonhee Se Stl v. ae r ,5 Fe App' 15 1 (t Ci.
ufiintnfrnc a ai r . e ae Gtznbe 75 d. x 3, 56 4h r

2 1 )(n u l h dpe c t m o i o )(iigHe n e v. l w Ttns . n .6 0F.d6 4
0 4 u p bi e r ui pnin ct
s
a
n ma d z Yel a p.I c, 7 3 4 ,
o
6 0(t Ci. 0 2,et d nid 1 3SCt 1 6 (0 2)
6 5h r 2 1 )cr. e e , 3 . . 3 2 1 ).
Futt m ote,whie notdiposdve oft i s t f t GreatEas et di nott r i e
her
l
s i
he s ue, he act hat
tn d
e m nat
Fer el dutng t O c ober2012 r
r l i he t
educdon ofst fi com peli t thi t rm i i wasnoti
af s
lng ha s e naton
n
t pons t hi Sept bet2012 EE O C com pl nt Rat ,t recor s
es
eo s
em
ai . het he
d uppor sG r East n'
t eat
et s
pt f ed r on f t m i i Fet el:hi fpootpr
ofer eas or er natng t l s f
oducdon' dect i hi ' PG .Foti t
' easng s V
nsance,

a c ci t t Au t4, 2yett dae(< 'VPG slsrpo tf tl fontl slssaf
c otlng o he gus 201 a-o- t <
YTD'
)
ae e r or le r -i ae tf,
ne
Fer el' V PG was1931. Br e D ep.Ex.13 at*G ERC 1550- A ccorlng t t Augus 26,
r ls
77. adly
51.
ti o he
t
2012,Y T' V' G r t Fer el' V PG dr
D P epot , t ls
opped t 1804. Br e D e Ex.17 at*G ERC 1485o
00. adly p.

86. Oc o r7, 2, rel YTD VPG wa 1 77. JL a *
On t be 201 Fe t ls
'
s 7 66.. t GERC 1 - .On Nove r3,
1
.
497 98
mbe
201 hi X TD VPG wa 1 4. 4. a e D e Ex.7 a * ERC 151 - 4. N o m ber26, 2,
2, s '
s 73 8 Br dly p.
tG
3 1 By ve
201
t da K entand N i sdeci t t rm i e Fer l hi YTD V PG had dr
he y
chol
ded o e nat rel, s
opped t 1682,
o
71.

N i hol D e Ex. a * ERC 1 21 22. n f c , he v c pr i ntofm a ke i r quese t K e
c s p. 4 t G
4 - I a t t i e esde
r tng e
t d hat nt
and N i sreduce t fontlne saessaf t ff y-i re es advesi O ct r 201 N i s
chol
he r -i l t f o t fve pr ent
n
obe
2. chol
D ep.Ex.1 at*G ERC 6023.To accountf s af vacatonsand t expect i eas i t im due
or t f
i
hc
ed nct e n outs
t t f lf i s on,how e ,K entand N i sdeci t i tal cutdown t sxt fvei
o he al olage eas
ver
chol
ded o niily
o i y-i n

O ct t t m ake anot s af cutt eaf e N i sD e at31: 32: 3
obe hen
her t f
her t t. chol p.
15- 24.
Consdetng t evi
i i he dence i t lghtm ostf vor e t Fe r l hi r aladon cli ast hi
n he i
a abl o r el, s et i
am
o s
t mi
er nadon i wihoutm ert Ther i no diput t t reevantofk il ,K entand N i s w e
s t
i.
es
s e hat he l
f as
chol, re
unawaz ofFer el' pt ect acdviyw hen t y decded t fr bi .The oze,Fe e lfist s
e
ê ls ot ed
t
he
i
o te m
ref
zz l a l o how

3N ot bl ,i K e a Ni hol ha c t f o -i s l ss a fdo t ffy lvei O c obe , r elwoul ha be n
a y f nt nd c s d ut he r ntlne ae t f wn o it -i n t r Fe r l
d ve e
c bas d o li Y ID A PG on o c obe 7,2
ut e n ls ' J
t r 012. eK e D e Ex. a * ERC 609
Se nt p. 2 t G
3.

15

a s f i ntc us ll t m a e o aprm a f ce c s ofr t la unde Til V l f hi
ufk e a a i o k ut i a i a e e a i don
nk
t te 1 or s
t mi
er nadon.

C.
Cl
evenge was a a t Fet el fl a com pl ntwih t EEO C,and he m ade t
t
w re hat t l led
ai t he
he
det m i
er nadon t desgnat Fe r lasi i bl f r r Cl
o i e r el nelgi e or ehie. evengetD e at34: 35: 135: 23.
p.
11- 4, 2- 4
The ef e,t rei a s hci ca alconnecdon be> een li fnotf te r 'dcsgnadon and li
t ot he s uf ent us
as d ot hie' i
as
pr ect actviy.Thus,G re Eas e n bea t burde ofs i a l tm at non- alat y
ot ed i t
at t r
rs he
n
how ng egii e,
ret i or

motvef dei tngFerla i l i ef rhie. eJohns 3 F. xa 68 20 W L
i ot sgnai tel s nei bl or e z Se
g
on 09 App' t 4, 09
188077,at+8.lfGrea Eas e n m eet isbur
t tr
st
den,Fer lm a over ei wih evi nce t Grea
êel y
com t t
de
hat
t

Eas et s decii w aspr ext . 1
t n'
son
et ual d.

Clve rplc Fe r l on t <notf t hie ' itbe a e ofnum e ousc pbi she
e nge a ed r e l he f or e r ' ls c us
r
om nt
r c i d f o c w ot r a
e eve r m o- ke s boutFe r l' be vi . e ng rD e a 1 9- 3. tli e e pl e s
r e l ha ot Cl ve e p. t 29: 2 M ttpl m oy e
s
com pl ned ofFet el' t eat ng,i i i tng orot v ie i
ai
r ls hr eni ntm da i
het s nappr i e beha ori t
oprat
vi n he
wor ace.ClvengerD ep,Ex.23. tl one s esr es atve and oneTO m anage
kpl
e
A east
al epr ent i
t
com pl i t Cl
aned o evenge t Fer el' beha orcaus fontlne s es t s f .Cl
r hat r ls
vi
ed r -i al o ufer evengetD ep.Ex.
23 at*G ERC 1581,*G ERC 1590.Cl venge re t t e com pl nt t Rli Rui A f .D kt N o.
e
r pored hes
ai s o zz. z f, .

79- at 9;Clve e Af.DktNo. 4, t! 1 Clve rDe a 22 1 2232 Bot
2, ! e ng r f, . 79- a 2; e nge p. t 2:8- :2. h
Clvengetand Rui agree Fer el' beha otwasan adequat r
e
z
d r ls
vi
e eason t desgnat hi asi i bl
o i e m
nelgi e

f rhiebytz c ny. l Af DktNo.7 2,a !1 Clve e Af.DktNo.794,a !1
or e r le ompa Rti f, .
z
9- t 0; e ng r f, .
- t 3;
Clve
e ngerD ep.at34: 35: 268: 269: Thatpt f ted reas i cl l notdicrm i or on is
22- 4, 8- 3.
of e
on s eaty
s i nat y t
f and i i nott pr nce oft cout ft dec de whet t r on waswie,f i ,oteven
ace,
ts
he ovi
he
t fo i
her he eas
s at

4Bohp rismo e frs mmayjd me a t wh te F rel x a tdhia mi srtv rme isbeo e
t at
e v d o u r u g nt s o eh r erle h use s d nitaie e de fr
b ign teieiil frrhieap c o hsrtl to cam. cu ete(i lrte b t e Ferl')
rn ig h n l be o e r s e t f i eai in li Be a s h d mi iis ewe n rels
g
a
s a
a miitaiea dj dca nartv sma ectrta g etEatr )wa afre a l n tc o tealg to
d nsrtv n u iil raie k la h t Gra sen s fod d mpe oie fh l ains
e
a i ti 'hecou twiladd es t i i bl f r r de son o t meis SeeSvdnorv.Fara Cnt .Va.
gans t't
r l r s he nelgi e or ehie cii n he rt.
ifx v. ,

6 1F.d 5 , 9 ( t Ci. 01 )
8 3 91 5 5 4h r 2 2 .
16

c r c,uli tl s l a iwa t l t raon ftt pli ifstr na n. Deanet v.
ore t tmaey,o ong s t s nl he e s o he antf' emi do ' lr te
y
'

Coni I ,1 F.d293 29 ( h Ci.1 )
r ng nc. 33 3 , 9 4t r 998.
I or t s
n der o how G r Eas er sdecii waspr extml Fe relm usts
eat t n'
son
et t , r l
how t Grea
hat
t

Eas e n' reas wasbot ff l and t di rm i
t r s on
h fase
hat sc i naùon w ast re r on f t chalenged
he al eas or he
l
conduct' H oland,487 F. at218.H oweve Fer eldoesnotdiectt cour t any fpr i
.' l
3d
t, r l
r he
to
f obatve

e de e ofdi c i i t y a m us' n s
vi nc
s rm na or ni ' i uppor ofhi pt t xta gu e .Cu l v. m sa LLC,
t
s e e t m nt
es A
n

28 Fe App' 20 21 (t Ci. 008.Ferlasrst t e oy ec ant weefle
2 d. x 5, 0 4h r 2 ) rel set hathe mpl e ompli s r as,
pr i sone de l r don t s
ov de
ca a
o uppor t tc am a r le on t f c t thi c nge ofe pl m e
t ha li nd ei s he a t ha s ha
m oy nt
f m bear no i ca i t he wasi i i i co- orker ordir i t wor ace.Fer el'
or
s ndi ton hat
ntm datng w
s
s uptng he kpl
r ls
pr exta gum enti entt y s ul i and nots
et t
s iel pec atve
uppot ed by e dence.
t
vi
Fis ,t sat ent i t declr i a notcor obozat by anyt ng i t r d.
r t he t em s n he
a aton re
r
ed
hi n he ecor

NioeJ n s(J n s' af me Gra Eatm e ly e d cae Brde ma ed r g t r
c l o e < o e', or r e t se mpo e , e lr s a ly d eo ao y
<
)
c mme t a u Fetla f re J n st ma eflesae n sa u Ferl De . fNioe
o n s bo t tel nd o c d o e o k as ttme t bo t rel c o c l
.
J s Dk. 1 - a !!7 1 Jone as sae t tClve ge ake he la i q s t t
one, tNo. 029, t - 3. s lo ttd ha e n r s d r e dng uedons ha
r l ed ne
efect
gadvel on Fe rel a t s di notwtt al t e com pbi ng a
y
r l, nd hat he d
ie e t t
ni boutFe relt t
t l ha

pupotdt bewtte b J n s 1 a ! 1 - 0 3 - 5 Ex A. o e t l ve'h rc - r esJ n
t re o
i n y o e .d. t ! 43 , 4 3 , . J n s ï i s' e owo k r, e
t
be e
Src e rftike' a W a Pac l(f rePlweeas f ce t ma flesae nt a
tiklr src lr' nd nda reld c 1' t lo or d o ke as ttme s bout
l
pa
Fet el.LIa ! 1 30.
r l C t ! 4,
.
.
.

Durnghe de ii Brdlyr s
i r poston, a e eponde t quetonsa he i ea i wihJ atr
d o si bout r ntrcton t ones fe
Fer el' dem oton.Bradl s fcaly t i
r ls
i
ey pecii l esdfed:
W ho ele di you t k t
s d
al o?

NiolJone .
ce s

W ha ci youtlMsJ st do?
tld
el . one o
17

I t d he i s f tuncom f t e,s nee t go t k t
ol t f he el
or abl he ded o
al o
D avi Cl
d evenger.

Di yo ha MsJ swrt s sufdownf y
d u ve .one ie ome tf
or ou?
A:

N o.

Y ou di thave herwrt anyt ng aboutM r.Fe reloutf
dn'
ie
hi
r l
ot
you?

( e ng l di t twihhe. ddn'.
Clve ej d ha t r I i t

Q:
A:

Alr t Di y u tl t Mr Clv n e a o tte ep o l
1 kh . d o ak o . e e g t b u h s e pe
com i t s hi bef e t wenta s w hi ?
ng o ee m
ot hey
nd a m

Iwe bak a t d t m - orhi t tNik J swo d
nt c nd ol he
m ha c i one ul
lke t tl t hi ,and hew oul sa <oka '
i o ak o m
d y t y.'

Q:

AI rg .And y dd notha NikiJone wrt a yt ng
I iht
ou i
ve c
s ie n hi
dow n f you?
or

A:

N o.

Br e D ep.at125: 128:
adly
24- 13.

I adcii bot St i kerand Par lwer depos i t sm aterand t rt tm ony cl ry
n lton, h rcll
cel e
ed n hi
t
hei es i
ea l

s
howst t s de lrdonsa t t m aebae onnot ngbuts c a Pac lsae
ha lone' caa
s o he r sd
hi
peuldon. r el ttd
Kgerl wa satngt ma mefe veyunc mfra ea wot a Iwa e hi t la me
il rel s tri o ke e l r o o tbl t k, nd ntd m o eve
I j
a one atwor Thatswhe Iilda ed t com pl ntap i Ai wih al t ques np ' Pa l
l
k.
'
n ti t he
ai
nst m t l he
doni ' rcel
D ep.at51: 7.Pa el elbor ed
5- rc l a at

hewa c
s ondnuousyquetoni mea
l si ng
boutmrdly,a
a el boutMori
tn,
aboutnum ber ,a
s boutt sper aboutt per on,and I di tlke
hi son,
hat s
dn' i
hi quesi ng m e alt tm e.So las hi ve ni y bef e 1
m
toni
l he i
ked m ry cel
or
fld t c pl i t pl a e sop a ki m e que do a w or 1 ha
le he om a nt o e s t s ng
s ns t k. d
he m adem ever uncom f t e.
y
ot abl
-

I at52: 18.Par ls
d.
12cel poke t Br ey aboutherconcer r rdi Fe rel
o adl
ns ega ng r l:
D i you ha a conve saton w ih M s. Bt e about M r.
d
ve
r i
t
adly
Fer el?
r l
Yes
.

18

mrdly c met mea t d met s oneha cgj
a e) a o
nd ol
hat ome
d ome
t her out of concer and was St ve Fer el bot i m e.
o
n
e
r l hetng

And I t d mrdly t t g rel wa ma ng me fe
ol
a ej ha Ferlj s ki
el
uncom f abl and i was st tng t geta ltl out ofhand.
ort e,
t
ari o
ite

And mrdel si W el huma rs c s i hee l y
a ly ad, l,
n eoure s t. f ou
need m e,i you need anybody, e'e he f you.
f
w r re or

. . .

gj we on f a
lt nt ot bouta he we k beor 1we t
not t e f e
nt o

Clve .
e nger

1 at66: 25.Par lm etwih Cl
d.
10cel
t evengeri eary Sept berand 't d %i aboutwhatSt
n l
em
fol m
eve

Ferlwa doi a ho - It d ( e ngel lsi l' gedngt t poi whee1don'wa t
rel s ng nd w
ol Clve r, ad, ts t o he nt r
t nt o
even com e t wot i t m or ng because 1don' w antt dealwih t negatviy.'l at68: 22.
o
k n he
ni
t
o
t he
i t ' d.
18-

Pa c l fl d a f m a , it n c pl i a
r e l le or l wrte om a nt boutFe r l wih Cl ve ge a wr e t c pl i
r el t e n r nd ot he om a nt
out i ofCl venge spres
sde
e
r'
ence.I at72: 24 Par lalo sgned a declradon i t scas diecty
d.
5cel s i
a
n hi e r l

t utnglone ' le donst tPac lflc re i oma ngflesae nt a utFerl.Se
ef i
s alga
ha tel et oec d nt ki as ttme s bo rel e
D kt N o.110-1.
.
5

St ikl t dfed durng herdeposton a
rc et es i
i
ii boutan i dentiw ol ng Fer el t ca ed hert
nci
t vi
r l hat us
o
brea down i t s Sti derD ep.at17: 20- Sti erw e t t k t Cl venge and t d hi
k
n ear . rcl
19- 25. tckl
nt o al o e
r
ol m

T a r Fer lsa tons ma mefe a how unc ora eima mefe. .(1 wa
f
how ng y rel ci l de e l nd
'
omf tbl t de e l. .It s
mot l i wasa t va I wa - i wasi i da a a grva i a i ma mema 'Ll
ei t
ke
gg a dng. t s t
ntmi dng nd g a tng, nd t de
d. ts
'
at23: 24: W hie Stic ersm em ory oft event i 2012 w asl clart Pa l' s di
22- 2. l z kl '
he
sn
ess e han tcels he d
r em betgi ng Clvengera s at ent a af e recevi a copy ofa wrte s a em ent she
em
vi
e
t em , nd, t r
i ng
it n t t
,
r em be wrtng t sat entaboutFer el asw el.I at46: 21,Ex.1.
em
red ii he t em
rl
l d.
11-

J s de lrdoni nots re bya e de ei t sc s , ndhe s c ai doe not
one ' caa s uppo td ny vi nc n hi a e a
r peulton s
es abls agenli is ofm at i f ast t m otve f Fer el' desgnaton asi i bl f
t ih
'ne s ue
eral act o he
i or t ls i i
nelgi e or

zhie Furhemor, hi i Jone ' cautonce tsa is offc t ta la tStiklr
e r. t r e not ng n s de lz i zae n sue a tha te s rc e,

5cl nge s it anafi tr utngJ 'de aa i a w el See Cl nge Af . Dkt No.ll
eve r ubm ted
fdavi ef i ones clrton s l.
evi r f, .
6.

19

Par l and se t ot t em pl
cel,
ve al he
oyees f tuncom f abl i Fer l' pr nce a com pbi about
el
ort e n tels ese
nd
ned

hi be vor Theeor ,one'delrton sa ngonisown doe notce t atibl queton f
s ha i . r f eJ s caai tndi
t
s rae ta e si ot
t j yt tGra Ease spr frdra o wa fle
he ur ha e t tm' ofee e s n s as.
Fer el ar
t l guest li change ofem pl entf m doesnotm enton a hi about
hat ls
oym
oz
i nyt ng

t eat ng ori i i i behavi Thatat enta s f is t es abls an is ast pr e .
hr eni
ntm datng
or.
gum
l o al o t i h s ue o et xt
Cl
evengerand Br ey bot t dfed a
adl
h es i boutt change ofem pl entf m .Br ey m at t
he
oym
ot
adl
ked he
box l ed <TERM ED ' t i cat Fer el' t m i
abel K
' o ndi e r ls et nadon,and i t fl on f Change' se i
n he dkeas or
' cton,
Bt e wrot tatwil' Br e D ep.a 108: 109: Ex.19.Br e di notwtt fpoor
adly
e f l.' adly
t
19- 8,
adly d
ie f

pr
oducdon' orcheck t box desgnatng Fez el asi lgi e f t r 1 at117: 119:
'
he
i i
r l nei bl or ehie. d.
1- 6.
Cl
evengetcl ii Br e st tm ony.Ea l i hi deposdon,Clve
atfed adl y' es i
ty n s
i
e ngetans e ed afim advey
w r
fr
l
t Fe r lschange ofem pl entf m ts t tM r Fet el w ast m i t notelgi e f
hat r el'
oym
or tays ha . t l
et na ed,
i bl or

rhie becus ofa wi,poorpt to .'Clve rDe a 39:3 1 Lae on,Clve e ga
e r, a e t l
l
oducing ' e nge p. t 1 - 7. tr
q
e ng t ve
m ot s ii aboutt f m .Clve
e pec fcs
he ot
e ngerexpl ned t tt t et
ai ha he ef ence t Tpootpr
oK
oducton' on t
i ' he

f t ha not ngt dowih Fe t lbeng ma ke i lgbl f r hie J a 1 6- Ac or ng t
o m d hi o
t rel i
r d neii e or e r .. t 31: 9. c di o
Z
Cl
evenge he desgnat Fet el asKnotf re r 'becaus he
t,
i ed t l f
or hie'
e

t ved about eght H R com pl nt of i i i don, O eat ng
ecei
i
ai s
nfm da
eni

be vo ,c
ha ir omme s ... rel wa notflowi t TO rls ...
nt. Ferl s
l
ol ng he
ue.
( rel wasj tki offe kng pe pl out ...M e e wee
Ferl
)
us nd ra i
o e .
opl r
t rfed.Peopl di tw ant t com e t wot Peopl wer al
er ii
e dn'
o
o
k.
e
e ways

worid a
re boutwhee Ierl wa.And 1 obsr d t be vi
r l rel s
R j
eve he ha or
m yse fi m eetngs wih M r Fer l 1 di notw a t e ha t
l n
i
t
. rel. d
nt o ver ve o
dealw ih t apan f peopl t w or t e and m ysel.So he
t hat i or
e hat ked het
f
wasputon t not or r t ls f t e behavi .
he -f - ehie i t ot hos
ors

1 a 1 9- Clve r e pl i d f r he :
d. t 29: 23. e nge x a ne u t r
M y ques
don i ,i t ' t cas why di t you r et
s f hats he e,
dn'
ef ence
t er
hos easonsi t A dcii
n he ltonalCom m ent on t f m ?
s hat or
1 di tt nk i w asneces a
dn' hi t
s ry.
W hy woul you nott nk t w asnecess y?
d
hi hat
ar

20

Iha a-welldon'k w wha 1t hta t tme 1j t
d
l,
t no
t houg t he i ; us
kne i w as t neces ry becaus w hat happened happened.
w t n'
sa
e
Re rdl sofwhet t 1w r ei on t s f m ,i happened.
ga es
he
ot t hi or t

. . .

An s c ss1ha i on t f m;tc t t ras
ome ae ve t he or i oves he e on

why t w e t m i ed and t re on w hy t wer put
hey re er nat
he as
hey e
not f r r A l of tm es t e r ons a t s e.I
or ehie. ot i
hos eas
re he am n
t scas i was not
hi e t
.
l at131: 133: Fer l' cli t Br ey m ade t decii t m ar li asi i bl f
d.
10- 5. rels am hat adl
he
son o
k nm
nelgi e ot

rhie Pl'M e S Summ. ,DktNo. ,a * 0, asnoe d ndaysppo ti l of
e r, . m. upp.
s
J. . 81 t 4 be r vie r u t n i
ght
Cl
evenge spl n,r
r' ai epeat st e ent t he m ade t decson t desgnat Fer el as dnotf
ed at m s hat
he ii o i e r l ' or

tlie' Se L-a 1 2- 1 : -37: I l ofClve rstsi ,notaona ejuor
enr. e d. t 35: 23, 36131 3. n i
'
ght e nge' etmony e s bl t
coul concl t G r Eas er spr f ed r on was f se sm pl becaus Fe rel' em pl e
d
ude hat eat t n' ofer eas
al i y
e r ls
oym nt
f ml
or acksa r on f hi desgnat asi i bl f r ar
eas or s i bn nelgi e or elie.

Fi ly,sm pl becaus GreatEas e di nott ke any i m edi e ci i i y acdon arai t
nal i y
e
tm d
a
m
at lscplnar
ns
Fer el wih regar t t em pl
tl t
d o he
oyee com pli sdoesnotm ake t com pl nt orG r Eas er s
ant
hc
ai s
eat t n'
r
eason f m ar ng Fer el i i bl f te t f s l i nott cour' r e t actas affupe
or ki
t l nelgi e or hie ale. t s
he
ts ol o
fs rpe sonneldepatm e wei ng t prude ofe pl entdec sonsm ade by ft schar wih
r
t nt ghi he
nce m oym
ii
tm
ged t

e o me dici naton.'Cu ls 28 Fe App' a 21 ( i Dea te 1 F. a 2 )
mply nt s rmi i '
'
e , 2 d. x t 0 quotng l met, 33 3d t 99.
Fer el r i
r ps elance on G t Eas et sf iut t ci i i hi doesnotc eat an i s off ast t
eat t n' al e o lscplne m
t e s ue act o he
valdiy ofist
it
t eason f quas ng Fer el' ei bliy t bere r
or
hi
r ls lgi ' t o
l
hied.

l t rtl donc e tii t K r e
n he eai
a
ontx,ts he f cpéonoft de ii -ma rwhihi tlva not
pe
he csonl ke c s ee nt
j

t sl-sesme oft pli f'a noraona ej o c zdc l t tGra Eatr s
he efas s nt he andf, nd e s bl ur t ol oncude ha et sen'
'
l

< t fee e pa aini u wo tyo ce e c . Holnd 4 7F.da 21 ( en l uoa o
d o frd x ln to s n rh f rd n e' l , 8 3 t 8 i r a q td ns
p
' a
nt
omitd . r i nois ofmaeilfc t tClve ta Rti a re t deinaeFerla
te )Thee s sue
tra a t ha e nge nd tz ge d o sg t tel s
i lgi e f t r f a lgii at non- ai oryreas
nei bl ot ehie or e tm e,
tetlat
on- t dir
he s updon li pres
ls
ence caus i
ed n

t w orkpl See ClvengerD ep.at268: 269: Fe relf ist putf h evi
he
ace.
e
8- 3. r l al o
ort dence t G r
hat eat
21

Eas er sr on wasbot f seand di i i don w ast t t
t n7 eas
. al
h
scrm na
he eal eason f isacton.N o t onabl
or t i
eas
e

j orc dc l t tGr a Eatm' pr fr draon f lsi Ferla fnotf rhie' s
ur oul oncude ha e t se s ofee e s or itng rel s i or e r'wa

p ee t a. usFerlsrtl d nc m rg r ighsd sg d na iekil frrh r fi .
ttxa lTh , tel eai o bi e adn i eina o s n l be o e ie al
z
'
a
s
I .
V

I s ,Fet el f ist m ake outa ptm a f e cas oft aladon f hi t r i
n um
t l al o
i aci e et i
or s e m nadon f om
r
G t Easer becaus t dec son- aket r
eat t n
e he ii m
s esponsbl f li t m i i had no knowl
i e or ls er naton
edge ofli
ls
hum an r ucesorEEO C com pl nt .A ddi ly,Fe t lf is t s
esot
ai s
donal t el al o how t G r Eas er s
hat eat t n'
t on f desgnatng hi asil i bl f te rewaspret ual Beca e t i no gen'i is
eas or i i m
telgi e or hi
ext .
us here s
xne s ue

ofmaeilfc a t et roft s is s Gra Ea tm i e ildt j
tra a t s o ihe he e sue, e t se s ntte o udgme a amattoflw.
nt s te a
An approptat O r wilbe ent t sda
i e der t
ered hi y.
The Cl k i di ect t s a c oft sM em or
et s r ed o end opy hi
andum Opi on t al couns ofrecozd.
ni o l
el
Ent t N ovem be 12,2014
e ed:
r

/

.

- 2m
r

.

Mi
chaelF.Ur ns
ba ki

Unie SttsDitit udg
td ae src l e

22

.
'