Li et al v. Shuman et al

Filing 50

MEMORANDUM OPINION. Signed by District Judge Michael F. Urbanski on 6/16/15. (kld)

CL
ERKSOFFI U. . SX COURT
CE S DI
AT* 0* ,
VA
FI
LED

IN TH E U N I ED STAT E S D IST RICT CO U RT
T
FO R T H E W EST ERN D I
STR I O F V I GI I
CT
R N A
H A RRISO N BU R G D I ISION
V

J 16 2 1
UN
95
JU
BK

.

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H U l K UN LI,etal,
.

Pl ntf s,
ai if

Ci lActon N o.5:4- 00030
vi
i
1 cv-

By:

JOHN E.SHUM AN ,eta.
l,

M i elF. ê
cha
U bans
ki

Un td S ae Ditit u e
ie tt s src l dg

D ef
endant
s.

M E M O M N D U M O PIN IO N
Thi m ateri bef e t courton def
s t s or he
endant 'm otonst dinls pl ntff'com pl ntf
s
i o s is ai i s
ai or

fiur t saeacam a f lc ofsbjc matrj iditon ( .# 2 & 2 )1Fort raons
al e o tt li nd or a k u e t te urs ci Dkt 2 3 .
he e s
s tf t beow , he m otonswi beG M N T ED i pat a D EN I D i pa t
e orh l t
i
l
l
n t nd
E n r.

Thi i adiput ove a Asa rsa a .Pli if HuiKunLia Ja Lualget ywee
s s s e t n in eturnt antfs
nd in l he r
e
t sol m em be s ofM i os Asan Fuson,LLC,a lm ied labiiy com pany t ope at a
he e
r
m a i
i
i t i lt
hat r ed

rsa a oft smena Seenatr t mos 1'i W i hetrVigni.Compl Dkt# 1 a
eturnt he a
me ri fe,f
Mi a : n nc se, ri a
)
. . ,t
,
!!31 3 Thec antalg t tLisg dafvey a laeonJa r 23, 8,d. t!29y nd
, 2.
ompli le es ha ine i -er es
nua y 200 L=a
a
t r sa a ope disdoor onSe e r18 200 i a j30.
he eturnt ne t
s
ptmbe , 8,da t r

Pli if cam t tbea e Aprla une201 dee nt ohnE.
antfs li ha tven i ndl
0, fnda l
Shuma o rofa
n, wne n
un eae busnes,S a sFlg a Se vc ,i se $ , 0i o M i aIa be a t wor
z ltd i s hum n' a c r r ie nve td 3500 nt mos nd g n o k

Pattmea t er sa unt laa ! 3335.Thec antalg st tbyvtt oft sfna il
x-i t- etuz . d.t ! h
ompli le e ha itz hi i nca
e

1De e d n sas fl wha i r er d t o t doc eta a'
ed t s efre o n he k s Yupplme a Moton t Dimis?t kt # 4 ) b tti
e ntl i o s s ' ' . 0 , u hs
D
fn a t 1o i
a a st be sm pl a a we t t c pli . Ast sflng doe notpr s nta a gu e s f t c tt
ppe r o
i y n ns r o he om ant
hi li
s
e e ny r m nt or he our o
c i r t m oton v41be D EN I as m oot
onsde , he
i
1
ED
.

a ssa ei r movn Lufo t prn e.JJ a !51 seas ts t!!5 57,1 2- .
sitnc n e ig r m he e ùs s - t ; e lo c a 6- 2 23
1
.
l
Thee fe,onJ 1 2 2,S
ratr une , 01 huma alg dl obti da he busnes lcns a f me ane
n le e y ane not r i s ie e nd ot d w

l tdla lt c ny, mos ReturntLLC ( ri fe,flmos 17,ofwhihhewa t
i e ibiiy ompa Mi a sa a ,
mi
heenatr<si a 1'
)
c
s he
s e m em be and whi ope at asaresaur att sa ephysca l i asM i os 1 1 at
ol
r,
ch t ed
t ant he m
i l ocaton
m a . d.

! 1 49.
! 48Pli if algeffe nc ussofa toni t i c antfldonJ y8 201
antfs l ite a e ci n her ompli le
e
ul , 4:

* Count1:Trde r I zng me i vi ai of15U. C. 1 4( rngngmaks
a mak nfi e nt. olton
n
S. j 11 i i i
nf
r
( /mo' Asa Fuson'a fMiros Re tu a , '( e nt S
Tl s in i ' nd d rl a sa rntLLC' defnda s huma a
si
)
n nd
Mi os II
m aF

* Co nt :Trd makl rn e n i voainof1 U.. j1 1 ( fign mak
u 2 a e r nfig me tn ilt
o
5 SC. 1 4 i rn ig r s
n
a
nd
. . ( e nt S n a Mi aI)
defnda s huma nd mos 1
* Co nt :Co v rinj t Mi ' Asa F so )(ee d nt hu n
u 3 n eso n o mos in u in d fn a S ma )
* Count4:Conveson ( oMi aI)( fnda S
ri i
nt mos 1 dee nt huma
n)

. Count5:Bra h ofFi ir Dut ( oltonof une1 201 saec r or r
ec
ducay y vi ai J 0, 1 tt ou t de)
( e ntS n)
defnda huma
* Count6:Bt ah ofFiucayDut (ilto ofNo mbe 1 2011a De e r7s
ec
d ir y voain
ve r 5,
nd c mbe
201 saec ur or r)( fndû S n
1 tt o t des dee nt huma )
* Co 7:W r t Diti i ofPr risi vi ai ofVigi aCodej1 11
unt
ongfz srbuton
l
opete n olton
r ni
3.-036
( e ntS
defnda huma )
n
@ Count8:Br ah ofFi ir Dut i vi ai ofVigni Codej1 11 4.(
ec
ducay y n olton
ri a
3.-02 1A)
(ee d n S u n
d fn a t h ma )
* Cou 9:Br a hofDut ofLo ly( e nt S nandEd r )
nt
ec
y
yat defnda s huma
wads
* Count1 Cons rc t l ut aBusne s( fnda sSh na Ed r )
0:
pia y o nj e
i s dee nt uma nd wads
@ Cou 11 Frud( fnda Shuma )
nt : a dee nt
n
. Co 1 Consr tveFrud( fnda Shuma )
unt 2:
tuci a dee nt
n
* Cou 1 Gr sNe lge e( fnda sS
nt 3: os gi nc dee nt huma a Ed r )
n nd wads

@ Co 1 Ci l pia y( fnd sShuma a Edwa ds
unt 4: viCons rc dee ant
n nd
r)

* Co 1 :Mia oprai ofTrdeSe rt i vildo ofVkgi aCodej5 1-36
unt 5 sppr iton
a ces n oa n
ni
9. 3
( e nt Shuma a Mi aI)
defnda s
n nd mos I
D ef
endant i tal m oved t dim i st compli f f l t st e a cl m f w hi rei
s niily
o s s he
ant or aiure o at
ai or ch lef

c nbega e purua t Fe rl eofCi lPr e ur 1 $()a f i ope ve
a
rntd s nt o dea Rul
vi oc d e 29 6 nd or mpr r nue
purua t Rul 1 1 3 .Se Dkt# 6 Thec thedahe tn onOct r1 201 atwhihi
s nt o e 2( ) e . .
$(
our l aig
obe , 4,
c t
becam e appar t t sdiput had been ext i l ltgat i sat cour and t addii l
ent hat hi s e
ensvey ii ed n t e
t
hat tona
i s m a need t be addr s att Rul 12 sage. By O r ent red t sa e dat t cour
s ues y
o
es ed he e
t
der e
he m
e, he
t

deni t pendi m oton t dinassand gave t pari an opport t t fl a brefany
ed he
ng
i o s i
he tes
uniy o le nd i

s p lme a moinst ds s i l t ft efigofhesaec u ttc r .
u pe ntl t o imis n kh o h in t tt o r e o d
o
l
Dee d n NioeEd t sfe asppe na moint ds s ( t# 2 )i whc s e
fn a t c l wad l d u lme tl t o imis Dk . 2,n ih h
l
o
a ast asr t tt c tlc s ec matrj idito o rt camsa i the be a e
ppe r o se tha he our a ks ubj t te urs cin ve he li gans r c us
s i notnam ed i any oft tadem ar i rngem entcount . D ef nt M i o' A san Fuson,
he s
n
he r
k nfi
s
enda s m s i
i

Mi aI, ndJ E.
mos I a ohn Shuma as fldas e ntlmotont ds s ( . 2 )purua t
n lo le upplme a i o imis Dkt# 3 s nt o
Rul 12$9()a 12q $. Theemotonsaerpef a udiai
e
1 nd $( 3 s i r i ot dj c ton.
1l.

Rue1 9 6 o t F d rl lso CiiPt c d t p tat adsnsa wh napant f
l 2 $() f he e ea Rue f vl o e u e en i irisl e li i
s
f
fisKt saeacam uponwhihrle cnbegrntd. Tos vveaRue1 ()motont
al ço tt li
c eif a
a e ' ur i
'
l 2$)6 i o
dim is,a com pl ntm us cont n s fcenttf st st e a cli t r i t i pl i e on is
s s
ai
t
ai ufii çact o at
a m o elef hat s ausbl
t

fc . BelAt.Co . Twombl,5 U. 5 ,57 ( 07.Thec antsfgjc-a alg i
a e' l l
'
v.
50 S. 44 0 20 )
ompli ' ffa t l le atons
u
m us be enough t r s a rghtt r i above t s
t
o aie i o elef
he pecul i lvel' 1 at555.
atve e .' d.
A cour s d consrue f ua ale i i t nonm ovi pa y' f vora wilteat
t houl
t act l lgatons n he
ng rt s a
nd l r

t m a tt ,buti d s bound wih r s c t ghec
he s rz
e
s< o
not
t e pe t o t ompli 'jlga c l i . Dit 28.
ants e l oncusons' s.
'
3Alhou t sm oùon i e il d < e ed M oùon t Dimi st Compli f Fal e t St t aCl i Upon W hih
t gh hi
s ntte ç nd
Am
o s s he
ant or iur o a e am
c

ReifCa BeGrntd Pu s nt oFe . Ci. 1 7 )6 a d Moi n t Dimis h Co li tf I r p rVe u
l n
e
a e rua t d R. v P. 2 () n t o s s t e mp an or mp o e n e
o
Pu s a tt F d R. v P. 2.)3 , d fn a srien ag me t wh to v r o c r i gv n ei ti fig,As
ru n o e . Ci. 1 ( ()' ee d nt as o r u n s as e e c n en n e u n h s ln
8 2
l
sc , n moint ds s p ru n t Rue1 $)3 wi b DENI S eW. Va Ci. 1 ()1.
u h a y t o imis u sa to l 2 () l e
o
l
ED. e D. . v R. 1c()

UntdMieW ok r l c v W el r Co l .6 9F.d1 8 , 0 5 8 (t Ci. 9 9.
ic n re s n . . l e a Co , 0 2 0 3 1 8 - 6 4h r 1 7 )
mo
I
ndeed,a cour w ilacce net Tl concl i dr wn f'm t f s'nor tunw ar a ed
t l
pt iher legal
usons a z he act '
o
f
r nt
i er
nf ences,unr
easona e concusons,orar e s.' E .Shore M kt . l v.I. . ss .Lt
bl
l i
gum nt '
s. nc. . D A ocs d.

P'hi, 3F. 1 1 0( hCi. 0 .Furhe,fthr a baerctl oft ee nt ofac us
s 21 3d 75, 8 4t r200 ) t r dl e d r e ias he lme s
t
a e
ofacton,suppored by m e concl or s at ent ,do nots t ' A s of v.1 bal 556 U .
i
t
re
us y t em s
ufice.' hcr t
,
S.

66 6 ( 9.Onl atracam i satda q tl ma it nT s
2, 78 200 )
y fe li s t e de uaey y t he f uppore bys wi a
be
td ho ng ny
setoff sconss entw ih t al tonsi t com pl nt' Twom bl ,550 U . at546.
act
it
t he legai n he
ai .
'
S.
D ef nda saso a gue t t com pl ntf l t alege f st per i t exer i e of
e nt l r
hat he
ai ais o l act hat nat he
cs

fdea s e tmattj iditon o rc randee nt.Fors hc le e br ghtpurua t
e rl ubjc te urs ci ve eti fnda s
uc halng s ou
s nto
Rul 1 b ()falt efct alge i t c antaeas
e 2()1yTl l a s l d n he ompli r sumedt betuea t pli ifi
a
e
o r nd he antf,n

e fc,sa fr e t smep ocd rl r tcina hewo l rc i u e aRu e1 $)6
fe ti fo d d he a r e u a p oe to s
ud e eve nd r l 2 ()
c i rton. Ada v. i 6 F.d 1 3,1 9(t Ci. 82.Thus t motonwi be
onsdeai ' ms Ban, 97 2 21 21 4h r 19 )
'
,he i l
l
de e i t co antalge s fce fcst i
nid f he mpli l s ufiint a t o nvokesbjc mattj idci Kensv. td
e
u et te ursiton. t Unie
Stts 58 F. 18 1 ( hCi. 009.
ae , 5 3d 7, 92 4t r 2 )
IlI.

Bef t ni t t m ert oft penli m otonst cir ss t cour wilfr taddt
ore ur ng o he is he
ng
i o ls ni , he
t l ls
ess

t ec n u rn sael- a o .Th ds u eta i tes be t t ei sa lkainh sb e t e
h o c re t tt ig d n e ip t h ts h u jc of h n tnti t a e n h
f
i
t o
s be to saec u ti t nd t gbakt 2 1 .Att c u t r q e ttep risfe e tn ie
u jc f tt o r lkai ai c o 0 1 he o r' e u s,h ate l d xe sv
t o n
s
l
s at courtt ds f t cour' r e . See D kt # 20 & 27. I a
te
ecor or he
ts eviw
.
t ppear f om t e r ds t
s r hes ecor hat
t pazi t t s m atetar alo pari t Fr i Count Càcui Cout cas num berCL11he tes o hi
t e s
tes o ederck
y
t
t e
439,
an acton br
î
oughtby Liand Lu aganstShum an a Edwar Liand Lu' cli swer dimi ed
i
nd
ds.
s am
e s ss

wihoutpr j c ,howe r byor re ee Augu t9, 4,on a o ofpli if'fi et pa
t
eudie
ve ,
de ntr d
s 201 4 cc unt antfs al o y
ur
t rs e oft f and expe esoft courtappoi ed Com r s i
hei har
he ees
ns
he
nt
nisoneri Chancer and Specal
n
y
i

4 Pli if fe t i fd rl c ino J l 8 2 1 , e o et i saec u t li s d b e ds se
ant s i d hs e ea a t n uy , 0 4 b f r he: tt o r cam ha e n imisd.
f l
o
5

Re e ve . Se D kt # 27- 27 5 The c s r m a nspe ng i sa e c ur on Shum a s
ci r e
.
47, - 4.
ae e i
ndi n t t o t
n'

Ha i rve d t vol noussaec trc ds t c ti stsidt rsj c t
vng e iwe he umi
tt our eor ,he our s aife hat e udiaa

doe notba pli if'camsi t sc s.Se Ta1 v.Su el55 U. 8 0,8 ( 08 (<
s
t antfs li n hi ac e or tr l 3 S. 8 92 20 ) t
,
The
prcusveefc ofaj me i defne bycam prcusona is prcuson,whihae
e l i fe t udg nts i d li e l i nd sue e l i
c r
c lci l t etdt a fesj iaa.'.Alhoug tes e toft pate 'tt a fdea
ole tvey efre o sr udc t ') t h l ubjc he ris sae nd e rl
'
a
liai i lr l t sme t t ha be nnoa udc tonofpli if'camso t meis
i g ton s agey he a ,hee s e
t
dj iai
antfs li n he rt,

prs ntngnoba t pli if'rii t m i t i tntc ant l (xpli ngt t10t is
ee i
r o antfs asng he n he nsa ompli . d.e ani ha 7 h sue
pr uson and cl m pr uson pr ude par i f cont tng m aterst have had a f land
ecl i
ai ecl i
ecl
tes rom
esi
t hey
ul

fi o tniyt ltg e.
ar ppor- t o iiat)
u
Addii l alhough no par y hasr i ed t is s ii l t courthas c i r
tonaly, t
t
a s he s ue pec fcaly, he
onsde ed

wh t rds l sl ti a t nwo l b a p o taei l t ft pe dn saec u tlkain 5
ehe ini a ofh s ci
s
o ud e p r p it n kh o he n ig tt o r i t .
t o
l ma ngs h adetr nai < onsdeainsoft iej ca a ni srton, i ngrg r t
n ki uc
emi ton,ï i rto
c
g s udiil dt nitai gvi e ad o
wl
c ev to ofj ca r sur e a c e nsvedipostonofltg ton,' ven.Col a
onsr aîn udiil eo c s nd omprhe i s ii
iiai ' go r
'
ordo

mve W ae ConszrtonDitv.Unie Sae,4 U. 8 817(97 )(uotngKeots Mf.
r tr eaai s.
td tts 24 S. 00, 1 6 q i r et

f a court t r e i t ïhependenc ofan acton i t sat cour i no ba t pr
eder l
s, he ul s hat t
y
i n he t e
ts
r o oceedi
ngs

c eni t smematri t Fe rlc tha n j idito . .'l a 81 (uotng
onc r ng he a
te n he dea out vig urs cin. .' d. t 7 q i
'

Mc eln v Caln 2 7U.. 6 , 8 (9 0) Ho v r teS p e Co r h src g ie ta
cll . ta d, 1 S 2 8 2 2 1 1 ). we e ,h u rme u t a e o nz d h t
a
c ta n e e i lc t um s a e m a w a t ntt d sni s lofa f de a s tdue t t pt s nc ofa
e t i xc ptona ic t nc s y t a he il s a
e t l ui
o he e e e

c ure saepr e i J a 8 . Fa t st bec i r di l whehe a c ur ha
onc r nt t t oce dng. . t 18 c or o onsde e ncude t r o t s
Z

5 Thi i notaca e i w h c pli if 'cam sa e ba r d b t Rook - l a docti . Se M ari v.Bal 326 F.
erFedm n
rne e
ss
s n i h antfs l i r r e y he
tn
l,

Ap x1 1 1 4(t Ci. 0 9 (Th Ro k rFed nd crn a pis eet els gp ryi saec utfe st i
p' 9 , 9 4h r2 0) ( e o e- lma o t e p l wh r t oi at n tt o r td ti n
f
i
e
h n
l t
fderlc tatrt saepr ee ngse d,c ani ofa i ur ca e by t sat c tj pne a s e ng
e a our fe he tt oc di nde ompli ng n nj y usd he t e-our ud nt nd e ki
r iw a dr jc o of h t u g n .'q o igEx o s o iCo . . a d Ba i l us Co .5 4U.. 8 , 9
mr n ee ù n t a j d me t' (u t
e
'
n x n f bl
v S u i s nd .
c
,4 S 202 2
(0 5:.
20)

as dj iditon o rpr pet,tei onve e eoft fdea f u t d ia lt of
sume urs ci ve o ry l nc ninc he e rl or m,he esrbiiy
a
a di pic melltgai a t or ri whihj iditonwa obti dbyt c ure
voi ng e e a ii ton, nd he de n c urs ci
s ane
he onc rnt
f um s. N o sngl f ori det r natve. J s Kr q Col a lie docrnedoe not i
or
i e act s erni i . < f he or do kv r ti
d <
s gve
.

fdea cou t creba cet de lnet herc s swihi t ij ididonmeeybe a eis soz
e rl rs at lnh o ci o a a e t n heruts c
r l cus sue
f ualciput i t e cas m ay be addr sed i pastorpendi pr di bef e s at
act ls es n hos
es
es n
ng ocee ngs or t e
ti
rbunal '' N ew Beckl M i ng Coz vvlntlU ni U nied M i W or
s.'
ey ni
p.
' on. t
ne
ketsofA m . 946 F. 1072,
,
2d

1 ( hCi.1 )( i Unie Stt v. Co .61 F. pp. 1, 7( Md.1 ).
074 4t r 991 quotng td aes SCM r , 5 Su 41 41 D.
985)
Thedeet nai rquie ( aef l c i rdj me tli i oac o bot t oblg ton
trni ton e rs < r ul onsdee udg nt at nt c unt h he iai
c
y
ng
t e tiej iditona t c nai offcor c ei a i tt te rie' Col a
o xecs urs ci nd he ombi ton a t s ounslng gans ha xecs . ordo
'
li r424U. a 81 - 9.t l t cer tofj tfc éonswi watntdsnisl' 1 a 81
tve,
S. t 8 1 d y he laes usiia
on
l ra ir sa. d. t 9.
l
'
W eghi t c i rtonsi t sc s,t co ttndsnos hcerj tfc tonwarntng
i ng he onsdeai n hi ae he ur i
uc la usiiai
ra i
dit s lG W ih t , t courtt ns t t i t m otons
snisa . t hat he
ur o he nsant i .
I .
V
A.

A 1 f def
1 our endant m ove t di s t t teen st el cli sr i ed i t com pl nt
s
o smi s he hit
at aw a m a s n he
ai

pu s a t oRue1 $)1.Ed r sag e i h rmoin ( t# 2 )t a t ef u camsnwhc
ru n t l 2 () wad r u s n e t Dk. 2 h t h o t li i ih
o
s ei n me ( u t 9 1 , 3a d 1 )s o l bedsnse b cus panif h v ialdt alg
h s a d Co ns , 0 1 n 4 h ud irisd e a e lit s a e f i o l e
f
fe
e
fdea s e matrj iditona ans $ella s i notna i a oft ta mak
e rl ubjct te urs ci g i t r,' s he s
med n ny he rde t
i rngem entcount and pl ntf shave notr s any ot ic lbl ale i i t nat e ofa
nfi
s,
ai if
aied
her freci e lgatons n he ur
f r cli ' agai her. Edw a 'M ot t D irass D kt # 22,at3. Li s , def nda s
ede al a m ' nst
rds
. o sli , .
7 kewie e nt

6 Th si e pe ily tuegi n t f c t p antfs c am sa i tdef nda sha bee dim is d i sat c t The
i s s ca l r ve he a t hat l i if ' li gans e nt ve n s s e n t e our .

c tde l st ma adet mi ton a t sj f ea t whehe dee nf'c erli a i tpli -f fld i
our ci o ke er nai t hi uncur s o t r fnda s ount cam gans antfs t n
ne
i e
t sc s on Aprl2 2 5, . 42, hou d bedimi s d i lghtofS m a spe i c er li i sa e c t a
hi a e
i O, 01 Dkt #
s l
s se n i
hu n' nd ng ount ca m n tt our, s
t tis i notc r nt bef e t c r , A he rng on pli if ' oton t dit s de e nt 'c e c am , kt #
ha s ue s
ur e l or he ou t
y
ai
antfs m i o snis f nda s ount r li D .

4 ,ss h d ldt b h a dbeo et eu d rin do J l 1 , 0 5
3 i c e ue o e e r f r h n e sg e n uy 6 2 1 .
7 l s p r o ti ag me , wa d p it t p rg a h 2 of h c mp an a z x r sj e e j g d fn a t
n up o t f h s r u ntEd r s on s o aa rp 4 t e o lit s ; p es) x mptn j e e d n
e
r
N i ol Edwa dsfom alge wt doi ' Ed ds M ot t Dimi s Dkt # 22 a 3- Pa a a 2 ho ve ,
c e
r r le d ong np' wat ' . o s s , .
yt
r gt ph 4, x ver

c e nspe s lj idito nots e tmatrj idi i Tobes e paa a 2 a k wldg t tEd r i
onc r rona urs cin, ubjc te urs cton.
ur, rgrph 4 c no e es ha wa ds s

Mi 'Asa Fu in Mi s 1, n S u n ag ei t ermoin ( t# 2 )t ttn pe d nt
mos in so , mo a 1 a d h ma r u n h i t Dk. 3 ,ha d y n a
o
a
saecamsa s itdwiht ta makcam ghoul besntbakt t saec ur f
tt li socae t he rde r li sl d e c o he tt o t or

a j lc ton. Des' ot t Dimis Dk.# 23, t3.
duciai ' f.sf .o s s, t
'
a

fi ebur nofpr i s e tmatrj idci onamoton t dir s i ont pli if
f'
rh de
ovng ubjc te ursiton
i o snis s he antf,
t pat asri j iditon. Ada v.Ban, F. 1 3,121 ( hCi. 982.I t i
he ry setng urs ci ' ms i 697 2d 21
'
9 4t r 1 ) n her
c antpli if alget sc tha fdea quetonj iditonove t ta mak
ompli , antfs le hi our s e tl si urs ci
t he rde r

i rnge ntcamspurua t 1 U. C. 1 21a 28U. C,j 1 a 1 8/)8a
nfi me li
s nt o 5 S. j 1 nd
S. j 331 nd 33 , nd
s e ntlj idito o rt rltdsat lw camspurua t 28U.. j1 7.Compl,
upplme a urs cin ve he eae t e a li
s nt o
SC. 36
.
Dkt# 1, t!23.Se ton 1 67pr vi st ti a cvia toni whiht c tha otgna
. a
ci 3 o de ha n ny i l ci n c he out s ii l

j r dcin s c a ti c s,h c u tdh lh v sp lmc tlu idcino e aloh rcams
t i ito , u h s h s ae te o r t al a e u pe n a jrs it v r l te li
ts
s
o
t taes rltdt camsi t a tonwihns hoii ljrs ci t tt yf m patoft
ha r o eae o li n he ci ti uc rgna uiditon ha he or r he
s e case orcont
am
tover y unde Attc e I Ioft U nied St esCons iuton.'
s
r il I
he
t
at
tt i '

Atbas t com pl nti t s cas alegest Shum an, ih asssance fom Edwat t
e, he
ai n hi e l
hat
w t it
r
ds, ook
cont olofM i osa 1 conve t isi el ua pr t and ot as et t hi own us t M i os
r
m
,
r ed t nt lect l oper y
her s s o s
e, an m a
loutofbusnes ,and opened a new r aurant ofwhi Shum an i s e owne ,i t s m e l i
i s
est
,
ch
s ol
r n he a ocaton
as M i os 1usng s rki y si iarm ar t Lisre s e ed t ade a ks. Pli y,t sat 1 w
m a i t i ngl m l
ks o ' git r r m r
anl he t e a
cai s w hi i l conver i f a and br h offducirydut - <derve fom acom m on
lm ch ncude
son, r ud,
eac
i a
y t i r

nuc e ofoper
l us
aùve f ' wih t f altadem ar clH s Unied M i W ot rsofA m .v.G i ,
act' t he eder r
k a , t
ne
ke
bbs

J U. 715 7 (96 ) a t c thass e ntlj iciton o rt m purua t j1 7.
83 S. , 25 1 6, nd he out
upplme a ursl i ve he
c
s nt o 36
Morove,hec tnotst tunde pellsi epat j nde rl , e a sma be
e r t our e ha
r rzisbl ry oi r uesdefnd nt y

ji di onea toni ()Ka )rghtt rlef1 as rc a ans t t j'nt) sveal,ori t
one n
ci f 1 çn.i o ei s setd g i t he' (i l' e rly n he
?
n. ,
)
n n me i t ta e r i r g me t li .Bu ti a k o e g me ti n te i e c t a tec u tlc ss be t
ot a d n he r d mak nfi e n cams t hs c n wld e n s o vd n e h t h o r a k u jc
n
matrj iditon ove t r mani cli i whih s i na d.
te urs ci
r he e i ng ams n c he s me
8Pli if a a t s gge ti t err s ei o ii t Edwa ds m oton t d s s t tt co ta s ha
antfs ppe r o u s n h i e pons n pposton o
r ' i o i mis ha he ur lo s

dv tiyj rs it np ru nt o2 U.. . 1 3 .Re p i Op . oEd r s Mo .Dkt# 2 , t .Ho v t t eei
ie st u idci u s a t 8 SC j 3 2 s .n p t wa d ' t, . 8 a 2 we e, h r s
o
no alg i ofdi riy j iditon i t compli .
le aton
vest urs ci n he
ant

a1er lr 'it r pectt.01arsng cutoft s ne t. cton, (cc r
t nat'e w h cs
'
v
( . ii <. l
) he al r
ansa i J ur enceA orse i of
rcs
.

aici t a i ' Fe R. v.P. a() Not ihsa ngEd r ' setonst t c rr,
rs n he cton. d. Ci 20()2 . v t tndi wadsa sti o he ontay
'
v
s e Ed a ds M ot t D i n is D kt # 2 a 2- s i apr rde e ntt t s c s de pie t
e w r ' . o s as , . 2, t 3, he s ope f nda o hi a e s t he
f ctt s i notnam ed i any t adem a k i rngem entcount ,astae c am sras a i the
a hat he s
n
r
r nf i
s l li
ied gans r

( u t 9 1 , 3a 1 )aieo t tl smeta a t na do c re c a div leq sin o
Co n s , 0 1 nd 4 rs u ofle a rnsci n c ur n e n n ov uet s f
o
o
l w or f com m on t al def
a
act
o l endant.
s

Li wie pli if ma beji di onea toni ()ft yas r a rg t rle ji l
ke s, antfs y one n
ci f 1 fhe set ny iht o eif ont
y,
s vet l ori t aler i wih r pectt oratsi outoft s e t ns i occur ence,or
e aly, n he t natve t es
o
i ng
he am ta acton,
r

sre ofta a tonsotoc ure e'a ()K nyqueton of1w orfc c
eis rnsci
c rnc s' nd 2 t
a
si
a
a t ommont alpli if
o l antfs
wi aiei t aton. Fe R. v.P. a() Thusdee nt' rume t ta cams
l rs n he ci ' d. Ci 20()1.
l
;
, fnda sag nt ha ny li
br htbyLua Mi a1ae<bal dunde Rul 1 1 7 cus net rLunorMi alha
oug
nd mos r f rr
e
r e 2( be a e ihe
$'
mos s
any tadem ar owner hi tght s D ef 'M ot t D im i ,D kt # 25,at3,a s f is.
r
k
s p i s, ee s.
. o s ss
.
l o al
Fi l def
naly, endant appeatt at t pl ntf s dam agescli i i ufi entt s
s
o gue hat ai if '
am s ns fci o how t
he

a
mounti c r ryi gtae t n$750 f jts itona put e.Des'Mot t Dimis
n ontoves s e tr ha
,00 or uidci l pos s f. .o s s,

Dk.# 23,a 5.Howe ra pli if a sr ti c tha fdea quctonj iditonove t s
t
t
ve, s antfs set hs our s e tl si urs ci
r hi
matr notdvest j iditon- t a
tei riy uts ci
he mounti c z ves i i lva .Se Compl, t# 1
n onto ry s nee nt e
.Dk. ,

a !23(setngj iditonpu s ntt 1 U. C. 11 , U.. j 1 ,1 8().
t
a sri urs ci rua o 5 S. j 21 28 SC, j 331 33 a)
Fort s r aons dee nt' i t dsnisf lc ofs etmatrj idci
hee e s , fnda smotons o ir s or a k ubjc te urs iton

p zu nto Rue1 1 1 wi b DENI
us a t l 2( ) l e
$4 l
ED.
B.

De e nt aguet tM i o' Asa Fuso i < ve i ntfe i Pli ifs)c anta a
f nda s r ha m s in i n s < r de iid n antfr' ompli s
ne

lga e iys jctt beapr pe pat i t sco tora ot r'a s dbedir se a a
e l ntt ube o
o r ty n hi ur, ny hes' nd houl
snisd s

dee nt Def.Mott Dimis Dk.# 2 a 1j9 Thec :a r e.W hiet c mpli
fnda . s' .o s s, t 3, t r .
oul g e s
t
l he o ant
9

na esM i o' Asan Fuson asadef
m
m s i
i
endant i f l t i î yi asa s fc l entt M i o'
, t ais o dentf t
pecii egal iy. m s
'
A san Fuson a
i
i ppear t be a i ttousnam e t
so
ic ii
hrough w hi h Shum a conduct hi r t ur
c
n
ed s es a ant

busnes Se Compl, . 1 a !49 seas Dkt# 27-.l a e ntMi sAsa Fusoni
i s. e
.Dkt# , t ; e lo .
3 n ny ve , mo' in i s
notnam ed i any count oft com pl nt A ss
n
s he
ai .
uch,M i o' A san Fuson wilbe D I I
m s i
i
l
SM SSED as

a par y def
t
endant and t Cl k wilbe (1ect t add t t docketi t scas t f l i alas
,
he er l 1. ed o
:
o he
n hi e he olow ng i

f dee ntShuma JohnF.S
or fnda
n:
. huma d/ aMi sAsa Fuson.
n b/ mo' in i
C.

D ef
endant 't ani a gum e s a rt concer pli if f iur t s at cli sf
s em i ng r
nt ppea o
n antfs' a l e o t e am or
w hi r i can be grant
ch elef
ed.

mode ofcaiy Bot lc a a c nyngbre rqurdunde Loc lCi lRue11c() a
l ltt. . a k n c ompa i if e ie
h
r a vi l ()1, nd
Ed r 'hrepa efl de e onl asngesntnc t he Rul 1 ()agu nt
wadst e - g ti vots y i l e e e o r e 2$)6 r me .
ng
N e r hel s,t cour wiladdr t s fci
vc t es he
t l
ess he ufi ency ofpl ntfs a l i countbyai if ' legatons
- countand,as

s tf t beo wilDEN Y i pat a GRANT i par defnda s Rul 12( 6 motons
e oth lw, l
n t nd
n t e nt' e $() i .
1 Count 1a 2( ademak l rngeme )
.
s nd Tr
t nfi
nt.
The com pl ntas er stvo cl m soft ade a k i rngem entundert La
ai s t v ai
r m r nfi
he nham A ct 15
,

U. C.j11 4.Count1alge Liownst fdea ta makf i aAsa FusonReturnt'
S.
1
le s
he e rl rde r f mos in i
sl
sa a y
'
a t tS
nd ha huma a M i os 1 us d t tma k, nd/ asrli l st lrma k, t
n nd m a 1 e ha t a or ti ngy inia r wihout
t

a horz ton.Compl, . 1 a j 5 - Cou 2alge Liownst fdea ta makofa<
ut iai
.Dkt# , t l 279. nt le s
j
he e rl tde r
<
a
sl-rae syie f K mos'(
efce td tl d ontMi a
z

* . 'a t tS n a Mi a1 usdt tmak,
' nd ha huma nd mos 1 e ha z

a rasrki l smia mak, t a horzton.l a ! 80111
nd/o ti ngy i lr r wihout ut iai d. t ! - .
To st ea cl m f tadem ar i rnge entundert Lanham A ct apl ntf m us al
at
ai or r
k nfi m
he
' , ai if
t lege

t t:()t tg jownsavai mak;()t tt d fnda us dt mak< c
ha:<1 ha he
l r 2 ha he ee nt e he r i ommec ' nd
d
n
re a
wihoutpli ifsa horz ton;()t tt defnda usd t mak( : ni tton ofi)Tt
t
antf ut iai 3 ha he e nt e he r 01a miai
t ia
c ci wiht sl ofei frsl, srbuto ora êii 'ofgoodsotsr e;a ()
onne ton t hc ae, frng o ae diti in, dvetsng
e dc s nd 4

t t def
hat he endantsus oft m a k i lkel t conf cons cr ' Ros t St Lt v.G oo l
' e he r s i y o
use
um s.'
eta one d.
e

Hol n s I ,9 F. pp. 181 8 ( D. . 3.Thec tfndst algai stf t
di nc. 23 Su 2: 3, 20 E. Va 201 )
out i he le tons e orh
i Count 1 and 2 oft com pl nts fc e t sat a cai undert Lanham A ct
n
s
he
ai ufii nt o t e l m
he
.
Lialegest he ow nst tadem ar f t na e rsl m os Asan Fuson Res a ant'
l
hat
he r
k or he m ë i a i
i
t ur ,'

Co l Dk . 1 a ! 5 , 66 , 97 , ndfrt ec tmie sy z df n
mp. t# , t ! 3 5 - 3 6 -4 a o h uso z d th e o t
,

. .,ê a !
ist !

81,84,88- 10t ofwhi have been r s er wih t Unied St esPat and Tr m a
93, 7 h
ch
egit ed t he t
at
ent
ade rk
O fice. Lias r st Shum an,w ihouta horzaton,us t e m a ks aswel asm ar t ar
t
se t hat
t
ut i i
ed hes
r ,
l
ks hat e
s rki y sm iar i conductng hi busnes t ough M i o' A san Fuson and M i os 1
ti ngl i l , n
i
s i s hr
m s i
i
m a1

s e iial, nsg a e me u , nda v rie ns 1 . t j5 -3 6 -4 8 , 89 .An , lh u h
p cfc l o in g , n s a d et me t. d a T 6 6 , 9 7 , 4 8 - 3 d at o g
y
s
notsat explcil t t i no queston bas on t nat e oft ale i i Count 1 a 2
t ed
i ty, he e s
i
ed
he ut
he lgatons n
s nd

t tLicamsdee nt' eoft mak i lkeyt c us c t r. Se i a ! 5663
ha li
fnda s us he r s s i l o onf e usomesg e és t ! -

(le ngi rngngus whi c uci busnesunde t fcii na çMi sAsa Fuson'
algi nfi i e l ond tng i s
e
r he ittous me f mo' in i '
a t smephyscll ai a Mi aI;d a ! 6974(le i i rngngus whl c uci
t he a
ia oc ton s mos ) ia t ! - algng nfi i e ie ond tng
busnesa f i aRe turntLLC'a t smephyscll ai a Mi a1;ts t! 8 93,
i s s f mos sa a y ' t he a
sl
ia oc ton s mos )t.a ! 8t

1 10 (l gn ifi igu eof h i e ia mak
0 - 6 al ig n t n s t e d nt l r
e
ng
c

. -a dsrkn l s lrmak
n tiigy i a r
mi

whieopeai arsa rntbusnesa t smeph ia l ai a Mi a1.
l rtng etua
i s t he a
ysc locton s mos )

() te sr n t o d s n ù e s ofte pant f ma k a a t al u e i t e
1 h te gh r iù c v ne s h li i s r s ca l sd n h
f
zy
mak tlc;()tes lryoft t mak t c n u r;3 tesmi rt o
r epae 2 h i ai he wo r s o o s mes () h i l i f
mi t
ay
t eg o so sr ie t a t emak i e t y ()t s lr yofte fcl e u e
h o d r e vc s h t h r s d ni ; 4 he i ai h a iû s sd
f
mi t
i
by t makhol r;()t smi iy ofa rii usd by t makhol r;()
he r des 5 he i l t dve tsng e
ar
he r de s 6
t def nts i e ;() a t l c uson; () t quaiy of t dee nts
he enda ' ntnt 7 c- onf i 8 he l
ua
t
he fnda '
pr t a ()t s siai oft co umi publc
oduc; nd 9 he ophitc ton he ns ng i.
Ro et S o eLt , 7 F.d a 1 3(in Ge r e& Co LLC v 1 'ain Ent t d s 7 F.d 3 3 3 3(t Ci.
s ta t n d.6 6 3 t 5 ct g o
i
.
.ma n t
o
m'Lt .5 5 3 8 , 9 4h r
2 0 ).
0 9)

I t i m oton t dim is de e nt r i ea num be ofpur t d de e e t t s
n he r i o s s , f nda s as
r
por e f ns s o he e
t adem ar i tngcm entalega i . Forexam pl def
r
k nfi
l tons
e, endant cai pl ntf stcannotst e a cli
s l m ai if f
at
am
f tadem ar i rngem entwhe t r d cl l s st have no owners p i er ti t
or r
k nfi
n he ecor eary how hey
hi nt es n he

ta mak'a t tTg oneoft wor Mi a Asa f i rsa z ntorLLC aes e tt
rde r ' nd ha Tnl
he ds mos, in uson,e tu a ,
r ubjc o
a tadem ar r aton. D ef 'M ot t D im î s D kt # 23,at3. Addii l def
ny r
k egul i '
'
s.
. o s s, .
tonaly, endant m ake
s

r fr nc s( t a c mpa i a l i)t t c pt ofa ndonme ,udiila i ge rc
eee e wihout c o nyng nayss o he once s ba
ntj ca cton, nei
w or ,cancelaton,petnisve use,l ches,est
ds
li
t si
at
oppel acqti cence,pl us f rus and good
, les
ior e, ai e,
f ih us I at9at e. d.
13.
A tt end oft da def
he
he y, endant m a w elbe abl t as et avald def e t t alegatons
s y l
eo s t
i
ens o he l i

rased i Count 1 and 2 ofpl ntfs com pli . H ow e ,att sea l sage oft ltgaton,t
i n
s
ai if '
a nt
ver hi ry t
he ii i he
courti char wih det r i ng whet t com pli cont ns s fci f st sat apl i e
s
ged t
e nani
het he
ant
ai ufi ent act o t e ausbl

cam t rle, lAt. . Twombl,5 U. 5 4,5 (007, nd t c tf Liha
li o eifBel lCo v.
50 S. 4 70 2 )a he out mds s
s tci l aleged cli sf tadem ar i rngem enti Count 1 and 2. As s def
ufi enty l
am or t
k nfi
n
s
uch, endants
'
m oton t dinassast Count 1 and 2 wilbe D EN IED .
i o s i
o
s
l

2. Count 3a 4(
s nd Conveson)
ri .
Count 3 a 4 oft c pli al ge ' onve so ofbusne sa pt r isot' i os 1
s nd
he om ant l t
e c
ti n
i s nd ope te n M m a

bydee ntShuma Se Compl, t# 1 a !!1 2- ,1 - C vesoni t T ongf
fnda
n. e
.Dk. , t J 1 25 3051. t
con ri s he wr ul
exer s oras um pton ofa hort ...ove anot ' goods....' U nied St esv.M ofit
cie
s
i
ut iy
r
hers
''
t
at
ft ,

Zweln & Ke e P. ,83F.d66 6 (t Ci.1 6 (uotn UntdLe sn Co . Thlf
ri
mlr C.
3 0, 70 4h r 99 ) q ig ie ai
v. it
I .Co .24 Va 299, 40S. 2 902 9 (994 a ctngMc nikv. & T Te hnol is
ns
, 7 . 4 E.d , 05 1 ) nd i
i
corac AT
c oe
l .93 F. 531 5 ( h Ci.1 91) Pli if c e i Count3t tShu nflda
nc, 4 2d , 35 4t r 9 ). antfs ontnd n
ha ma le
f rii t ofAsu dorFitto Na t etbls aMi sAsa Fuson ge ttrntwiha
f tfcae
ce
sme
ciius me o sa ih mo' in i rsata j t
.
busnes addr sof202 G r y Avenue,W i
i s
es
ocet
nches er VA 22601,w hi addres i i i t t
t ,
ch
s s dentcal o he

busnes addr of'M i os 1 t heused t Cerii e t appl f a new busnesslcens a
i s
ess ' m a ; hat
hat tfcat o
y or
i
i e nd

e e i oane laef t s e tpr ry t thes rndee Mi alslquorlc ns,
ntrnt w e s or he ubjc opet;ha ure rd mos ' i ie e
tans er ng al sockst a new lce e f M i o' A sa Fuson;and t Shum a had t polce
r f ri l t
o
i ns or m s in
i
hat
n
he i

physcal r ove Lu f om t pr ni ,t eby conve i t busnessas et ofM i os 1i o
i ly em
r he er ses her
rtng he i
s s
m a nt

Mi sAsa Fuson.1 a !11 7-4.Si lry i Count4,' antfsalg t tShuma t n
mo' in i d. t ! 1 2 mi l,n
a
1 pli if le e ha
t
n he
cl ed M i o' A san Fus on' busnes lcens and opened a ne busnesslcense f M i os 1 ,
os
m s i
i s i si e
w
i
i
or m a 1
and t he s re red t ABC lce e f M i o' A sa Fuson and secured ane hcense f
hat ur nde
he
i ns or m s in
i
w
or
M i osa 1 ,conve tng t busnes and ass s ofM i os 1 iashel i M i o' A sa Fus on,'i o
m
I
r i he i s
et
m a ,f
d n m s in
i ' nt

Mi a1.1 a ! 1 7-0.
mos 1 d. t1 4 5
!
<A per on i labl f conve i f t wr ulexe cie orass pton ofa hort over
$
s s i e or
rson or he ongf
rs
um i
ut iy

anot ' goods de i ng t owneroft .poss son,orany actofdom iaon wr uly exe t
hers
, prvi he
hei
r
es i
li
ongf l r ed
overpr t i deni lof ori
oper y n
a , nconss entwih,t ow ne srght ' Si m onsv.M il ,261 Va.
it
t he
r' i s.' m
ler

rs tofShuma salg dc ri seL.a !!1 ,1 pli yii Mi alt tha s ti d
eul
n' le e onveson, e ds t 25 51, anl ts mos ha s usane
u
t ijur a iwa Mi alsbusnes a ast t t r alge l c re Theet
he t y, s t s mos ' i s nd ses ha wee le dy onve td. s a
vo
conver i cai s and any r
son l m ,
ecover t eunder bel t M i os 1 a lm ied labiiy com pany.
y her
, ong o m a , i t i lt
'

tli a com or i a lm ied labiiy com panyi al lentt entr y se r e and ditnct
K-ke
aton, i t i lt
s ega iy iel pa at
si
f om t s ehol and m em berswho com posei.' M ison Resdental LLC v.Tr l N et
r
he har ders
t' s i
i i
ie

maott t l i t ta a ton f i ure t ac
j iy ' e s ha n ci or nj is o oportonc nnotbemanti dbyas thole o
u
ai a
i ane
hae d t n
an i vi
ndi dualbassand m us bebroughtdervatvel ' Si m ons 261 V a.at573,544 S. 2d at6749
i
t
i i y.' m
,
E.

(ppligti r et a LLC) a or OfieofStae i Se s l . S de hin,5 F. x336
a yn hs ul o n
; cc d fc
rt c nr nc v. a a 28 'App' ,
1 Alhough sye a ac ri c ,muc ofCount4r a l acam f br a h offduca yduq.whc ca e
t t
7
tld s onve son ount
h
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ke li or e c
i ir
r ih us
ofa i i alge i Count 5,6 a 8 a i a e s d i r .
cton s l d n
e
s
nd nd s ddr s e nf a

3 7n. (t Ci. 01)(W ed a heewihal tdl blt c mp n , u tea ay i rman t e
4 8 4h r2 3 t el r t i e i i y o a y b t h n lss e is h
t
mi a i
sme'.Thesa ego rùnglmie la lt c mpa e i Vigni st f t cranrqlrme s
a .)
'
tmt vel i td ibiiy o nis n ri a es oth eti e lie nt
f m anti ng dervatve actons
or i a ni
i i
i :
( m em be shal not com m ence or m a nt n a dervatve
.
N
r
l
i ai
i i
pr
oceedi unl s t m em ber f il and adequat l r es s t
ng es he
a ry
ey epr ent he
i e t oft lm ied labiiy com pany i enf ci t tghtoft
nt res s he i t i lt
n or ng he i
he

l atdl blyc mp n a di ap o e p anifp ru ntt j 1 .i ie i it o a y n s r p r lit u s a o 31
n
a i
f
1043.1
1

B.N o m em berm a comm ence a de i i procce ng untl
y
rvatve
di
i:
1.A wrten de and hasbeen m ade on t lm ied labiiy com pany
it
m
he i t i lt
t t s t e acton;and
o ake uiabl i
2. N i y days have expi f om t dat delver of t dem and
net
red r
he e i y
he

wa ma unls ( t me t ha be n notfe beo e te
s de e s i he mbe s e
)
iid fr l
a
e rton of90 d y t t t de nd ha be n rjce by t
xpiai
a s ha he ma
s e ee td
he
l td l bit c mpa y o () irpaa e i ur t t lmie
i e i ly o n r i re rbl nj y o he i td
mi a i
i
labiiy com pany w oul r ul by w atng untlt end oft 90î lt
d es t
ii
i he
he day
pe i
r od.
If t lm ied labiiy com pa com m ences a r ew and
he i t i lt
ny
evi
eval i of t alegatons m ade i t dem and or com pl nt t
uaton
he l i
n he
ai , he
courtm ay say a de i i pr
t ny rvatve oceedi f s h perod as t cout
ng or uc
i
he
t
deem sappr i e.
oprat

Va CodeAnn. 1 1-04
.
j 3. 1 2.Addii ly t sauest f t cran pla ngrq rme s
tonal,he ttt es orh eti edi e uie nt:
I (1dei t a to t c ants lstf t wihpatc aiy
n a rvai cin,he ompli hal e orh t riulrt
ve
t ef or oft pli ift s e com m encem entoft ac i by a
he f t he antf o ecur
he ton
m em berorm ana rwih t aut iy t do so ort r onsf
ge t he hort o
he eas
or
notm a ng t ef ort
ki he f .

dei tvea i ) Thec anti t sc s c ansnoi cat tpli if ha c idwih
rvai ctons.
ompli . hi ae onti
n
ndii ha antfs ve omple t
I cton 1 3 pr des
1Se i 04 ovi :
I a de i tve a i t pli if s l be a m e
n
rva i cton, he a ntf hal
mber a t tm e ofbrng ng t
t he i
i i he

a t n a d ( s al v b e ame e a t t o t ta s c o o whc h
ci n i h lha e e n
o
)
mb r t he i f he rn a é n f ih e
me
o i c mpan o ()lso issau a ame e s al a ed v l du o hm o
r t o li s r i a r t tt s s mb r h lh v e ove p n i r
i i
i b ope a i oflw orpu s ntt t t r soft a tce ofor ni t n ora
t y r ton a
r ua o he e m
he ril s
ga za i
o
n
ope a i ag ee
r tng r ment f om a pe s who was a m e be a t tm e of t
r
r on
m r t he i
he
t acton.
rans i

t pl ng re r ent f brngi a dervatve acton on bchafofM i os 1. Theref e,
he eadi quiem s ot i ng
i i
i
l
m a
or

Count 3a 4wilbeDI I
s nd l
SM SSED wihoutprj ce
t
eudi .

3. Count 5.6a 8( eac ofFi i yDut)
s
nd Br h
ducar
y.
Count 5,6 and 8 oft com pl ntal alegebr
s
he
ai l l
each offduci y dut I Count5,
i ar
y. n
pl ntfs al t Shum an owed a Educat dut t Li Lu and M i osa lafetbei appoi ed by
ai if lege hat
i' y o ,
y
m
t
ng
nt

t Fr de ik Count Cic tCou tt s wea < ua cin/ usodin t s fgua d t busne sa
he e tc
y r ui r o e s t rl c t a o ae r he i s nd
g a

pr ri 'ofMi aIbyor re ee une1 2 ,a t thebr ahe t td y Compl,
opetes'
mos
de ntrdl 0, 011 nd ha
e c d ha ut.
.
Dkt# 1, t! 1 - Smi ry,
. a ! 5674. i l l Count6alg sS nbra he afd ir dut t taos whe
a
le e huma e c d iucuy y ha r e n
t Fr i Count Cicui Cour fr f ed isappoi m entofD ef
he ederck
y r t
t <eafam
t
nt
endantShum an asa

gua din/c t a t s e ua d t b i s a pr risoP'M i os Ii isor r of
r a usodin o afg r he usne s nd ope te
m a n t de s

Nove r1 2011a De e r7, .1 a ! 17 206
mbe 5,
nd c mbe 2011 d. t ! 9- .
çfosaeacam frbra hofafducaydut apli ifmus etbls t e ee nt:()
f' tt li o ec
'
i ir s antf t sa ih hre lme s 1
t e se eofafduca' d y ()ïbta hoft tdut; nd ()s e ntd ma sati a e
he xitnc
i it ut;2 t e c ha y a 3 ubsque a ge ttbutbl
y
t t bra h. DCG & T e rlBatgi/lav.fni ,No.3:4CV- -AG,201 W L
o he e c '
'
x e. ta la r l ght
1 - 067J
4
7 2941 a *5( D. . c 1 201 )(ii Case e v. ilndCor .2 Va 43 443
27 , t E. Va De . 8, 4 ctng rtnsn Chrsa
, 47 . 3, -44,
4 S. 2 6 0,66 (9 ).l Vigni,fa fducayrltons pe ssi alc sswhe s ca
42 E.d 6 6 1 94) n ri a Cg) i ir eai hi xit n l ae
n pe il
confde hasbeen r ed i onew ho i equiy and good cons ence i bound t acti good f t
i nce
epos n
n
t
ci
s
o
n
aih
a w ih due r d f t iler t oft one r posng t confdence.'Au sa M ut l .Co.
nd t
egur or he ft es s he
e i he
i
'
t
. ns
v.

Maon, 4Va 1 20 6 S. 2d2 295( 7 (ii H-B Lt P'hi v. mme, Va
s 27 . 99, 7, 45 E. 90, 200 ) ctng
d. s
Wi r 220 .
17 1 25 S. 2 7 ,77 (9 ).
6, 79, 7 E.d 70 3 1 79)
Thesaec tor t of une1 Nove t1 a De e t7, 01 c ni nowa be
tt our des J
0,
mbc 5 nd c mbe 2 1, a n
y
c tue a gvigrs t afducuyr ltons pbewe nShuma a pli if.TheJ 1
onsr d s i n ie o i ir eai hi t e
n nd antfs
une 0,
2011 orderrequiesShum an,ast pary cur enty i pos esson oft M i os Ipr t t
r
he t
t l n s i
he m a oper y, o
pr l m ai ai al busnes t
opery nt n l i s ecotdsand pet onalpr t per ani t t pari opet i of
s
opery t i ng o he tes'
aton

M i os 1a t notr m ove a e ui e otpe s lpr rz fom t pr m i e . D k .# 2 2.
m a nd o
e
ny q pm nt
t ona ope t r he e s s
t 0-

TheNo mbe 1 ,2 1or rrieae t drci c ane i t J 1 t or ra a nt
ve r 5 01 de etrts he ie tve onti d n he une 0h de nd ppoi s
a t r paz y asCom nls i ri Chancet and Speci Recei t as i i t di ol i oft
hid- t
isone n
'
y
al
ver o sst n he ss uton he
pari busnes ass aton. D kt # 20- The D ecem ber7,2011 or sayst a nt e ,
tes' i s oci i
,
4.
det t hat ppoi m nt

howe r duet fna ilhads pt t patesa tie t t tfg et rpat s lwat a
ve, o i nca r hi o he ri , nd lrcs ha dnlihe r' hal se ny
y
doc nt orast t tweei plc i Ma 2 , a iyhec rntt sa a s lc i t
ume s ses ha r n a e n y 011' nd ft ure eturnt hal ontnue o
:
l

rmani t guadins p/c t yoft Defnda s jpe t J 8 2011or rpe ingf t r
e i n he r a hi usod he e ntg r he une ,
de nci urhe
c tor r' Dkt # 2 1 '0 t e e t c tdi a ntShuma a ag r a usodin of
our de .
' . 7- . l he xtnt he ouz d ppoi
'
n s ua din/c t a
M i os 1a a lge i t c pl i , fd i r dut owe by Shum a t t pl i if fo sf om
m a s l d n he om a nt no i uca y y d
e
n o he a ntf s l w r
tae cour' diectves. A fducar r atonstp betvee Shum an and pl ntf scannotbe cr ed by
l
ts r i
i i y el i li a n
ai if
eat
vi tz oft f t t courtpl
r te he act hat he
aced s alconfdencei Shum an.
peci
i
n
A tbes ,Count 5 a 6 ale t Shum a vi at t ee st e cour or ts Even i t
t
s nd lge hat
n ol ed hr at
t de .
f hat

wer tue,t e alegatons do nott a lt i o an i pendentcause ofacton f bteac of
e r hos l i
r nsa e nt
nde
i or
h
hducar dut A ss
i y y.
uch,Count 5 and 6 f lt s at a cl m f whi r i c be gt ed and wil
s
ai o t e ai or ch elef an
ant
l

beDI M I
S SSED wihpt udie.
t ej c
Count8 ale br
lges each offduci y dut on accountofShum an' ff l e t dichar a
i at
y
s Taiur o s ge

me tsg fihbusnesj me i t beti eet of' mos 1i vi ai ofVigni
mbe' ood at i s udg ntn he s ntrss Mi a ,n olton
ri a

Codej1 11 4. A) Co .Dkt# 1 a 47.Seto 1 1 1 241( , c g r lmie
3.-02 1( . mpl . , t
,
cin 3.- 0 . A)whih ovens i td
la lyc
ibii ompa e,pr i st tfglma gels ldshagehi orisdute a ama ge i
t
nis ovde ha f na rz hal ic t s t is s na r n
a
a c da ewiht ma ge'goodfihbusnesj me oft beti eet oft lmie
c or nc t he na rs
at i s udg nt he s ntr ss he i td
la lt com pany.
ibiiy
'
'

f igii flowst maort rl t ttuisf bra h offducaydut a i tofiesa
Y r ta ol he j iy ue ha s t or e c
a
i ir y gans fc r nd
ciect sm ustbe br
lr ot
oughtdervatvel on behal oft cor aton and notasi vi
i i y
f he por i
ndi dual
1 The t r f a g ' i defne i t i s aut t i l K ny me be t ti pa tcpa i i t m a g m e oft
2
e m d na er' s i d n h s t t e o ncude ç
m
a
m r ha s rii tng n he na e nt he

l tdl bly c mpa y' Va Co eAn , 1 .-O 41A)
i e i it o n . . d n j 31 1 2 .( .
mi a i
'

s rhode cams' DCG & T e rlBatgl r v.I g ,No.31 CV- 7-AG,2 4WL
hae l r li .'
'
x e. ta i a vniht
a/l
:4- 06 J
01

l
ndeed,not ng i t scode pr son i pos a dut betveen m em bersofan LLC,orbet een a
hi n hi
ovii m
es
y v
v
m em be a m anagerofan LLC. Re or l t ent LLC v.O t ,277 V a.316,322,673 S. 2d
r nd
m a nvesm .
r
E.

845 8 ( 09 .Lia Lu,t rf e ha nosa i t brngadtc a tona ans S
, 47 20 ) nd heeor, ve tndng o i
ie t ci g i t huma f
n or

bra hoffducaydut pu s ntt j1 .- 0 1A) Se Smmons 2 Va a 5 ,5 S. 2 a
e c i ir ' rua o 31 1 24.( . e i
y
, 61 . t 76 44 E.d t
67 (e lni t ce t a e e i t t sr ef cosl hedc ai ) Tot e e Count
5 d ci ng o rae n xc pton o hi ul or l ey l omortons. he xtnt
8 i ends t st ea cl m by Lia Lu i vi ly a ns Shum an f bt
nt
o at
ai
nd
ndi dual gai t
ot cach offducar dut ,i
i iy ' t
y

wil DI I
lbe SM SSED wih pr udie.
t ej c
W hl abra h offducaydut cam purua t j13.- 0 1A)c nbebrught
ie ec i ir y li s nt o 1 1 24.( a
o
derva i y,pli if ha fied t com pl wih t pl adi r r ent f dervatve acdons,as
i tvel antfs ve a l o
y t he e ng equiem s or i i

ext Count8 i ends t s at a cli f br
ent
nt
o t e am or each offduci y dut on be l ofM i os 1,i w ilbe
i ar
y
haf
m a t l

DI I
SM SSED wihoutpt j c
t
eudie.

Co t7( olto of t i aCo î1 .-0 6 .
un Vi ai n Vigni de 311 3 )
l Count7,pli if al t Shum an w t uly diti ed m oni beongi t
n
a ntf s lege hat
ongf l sibut
es l ng o

Mi aIi vi ai ofVigni Codej1 11 6.Compl, . 1 a ! 21 -2.Thi c
mos n olton
ri a
3.-03
.Dkt# , tJ 12
!
s ode
pr son s at
ovi i t es:
Ifa m em berhasreceved a diti i i vi aton oft ati es of
i
srbuton n ol i
he tcl

or nz tonora opeai a e me otiavi ai ofj1 . 1 35
ga iai
n rtng gre nt t olton
31-0
of t s chapt r, t n t m em ber i labl t t lm ied labiiy
hi
e he he
s i e o he i t i lt
com pany f a pe i oftvo yea s t eafer f t am ountof t
or
rod
a
r her t or he
he
dit i i wt uly m ade.
s rbuton ongf l

com pli ar a i esofor zaton or a ope tng agr entm entoned,notdoes t com pl nt
ant e rtcl
gani i
n
ra i
eem
i
he
ai

alget tShuma rc i d adsrbutoni vi ai ofj131 1 35, c pr bisdsrbutons
le ha
n e eve iti i n olton
.- 0 whih ohi t iti i

t woul r
hat
d endert LLC unabl t pay islabiii . l a event t s at oryl
he
eo
t i ltes n ny
, he t ut anguageis f
t el

etbls st ta tghtofr c veyf avi ai ofj1 1 1 36beongst tz LLC, nda
sa ihe ha ny i
e o r or olton
3.- 0 l
o le
a s
pl ntfsha notcom pled wih t r r ent f brngi a detvatve acton i t scas t
ai î f ve
i
t he equiem s or i ng
i i
i n hi e, hey
cannotm ant i s a cli on beha fofM i os 1 Count7 wilt ef e be D ISM ISSE D
i a n uch am
l
m a.
l her or

wihoutpr udi l
t
ej ce.
3
5. Count9( ea ofDut ofLoyat)
Bt ch
y
ly .
Count9 ale Shum an and Edwar br
lges
ds eached t rdut ofl t t M i os 1by
hei y oyaly o m a

sys em atcaly de etng f
t i l pl i unds fom t r t ur ' c h box and ba account Com pl,D kt # 1,
r he es a ants as
nk
.
.
.

a !!2 - Vigni c t ha l rc ie ta t rt c o lw a e o e
t 3840. ri a ours ve ong e ognz d l t<
a unde he omm n a n mply e,
i l ng a em pl
ncudi n
oyee- - lyowesa fducir dut ofl t t hi em pl durng hi
atwil
i a y y oyaly o s
oyer i
s
em pl ent Subs ed wihi t sge ra dut ofl t i t m or s fc dut t t
oym .
um
t n hi ne l y oyaly s he
e pecii
y hat he

e pl ye notc pe ewih hi e pl e durng h se pl m e . W i i m sv. om i on Te h.
m o e
om t t s m oy r i i m oy nt' l a
' l
D
ni
c

Pat r. L. , Va. 0, ,5 SE. 75 75 ( 03 (ii Hor v. ly 1 Va 23
rne sL. C.265 28 289 76 . 2d 2, 7 20 ) ctng ne Hole , 67 . 4,
241 18 S. 16 1 (936 a Hib. a & HanionCo. mc
, 8 E. 9, 72 1 ) nd l Rog l t l
t
of hmondv. pe 247Va. 0,
De w,
24
249 4 S. 2d91 ,9 (9 ).Pli if, ve,ha notme t rquie nt f brngi a
, 40 E. 8 23 1 94) antfs howe r ve
the e rme s or i ng

1 Def nda sa gu t tCount7 i ba r by t sa ut ofl ia i . D e s'M ot t Di mi s D kt # 23 a 4, Co
5 e nt r e ha
s red he t t e i t tons f .
m
. o s s, .
,t
unt

7alge t tS n rceve wr uldshbutonson J 4 201 9Se e r3a 18 201 Fe ua y7 201 ;
le s ha huma e i d ongf it i
une , 0 ptmbe nd , 0; br r , 1

Mac 1 a 2 , 0 1 a dApi4a d2 , 0 1 Co i Dk. 1a j! 1 -0 VignaCo ej1 .-0 6s eiis
rh 7 nd 8 2 1 ; n rl n 6 2 1 . mp. t# , tl2 32 . rii d 3113 p cf a
,
j
e
t -errc v r p r dfr ilt nso ti sa e Aspanùf fldti fd rl cini J l 2 1 , u 7ma
woya eo ey ei o voai fhs tmt, li fs l hs e ea at n uy 0 4 Co nt y
o
o
e
o
welbe tm e ba r d.
l i - re

l i pos i e howe er t tt s a u e oflmia i wa t l d durn t pe nc ofpli i f'sat c ta ton,
t s sbl ,
v , ha he t t t i t tons s ole
i g he nde y
antf s t e our c i

whc wa fe i 2 1 .S eVa Co eAn . 80 -2 @)1.Ii u la t tec u t e ,fe e, li if rie a
ih s t d n 0 1 e . d n j .12 9 () ts ncer o h o r wh n i v rpant s asd
l
f
cam u d r rii Co ej1 .-0 6i saec ut Thec utcn o lct i terc r beoeit cmpan t t
li n e Vigna d 311 3 n tt o r.
o r a n to aen h e od fr the o litha
g v rs t tesaec u t ci ni 2 1 ,Th p ris v f e ont ed c e i ti c s af r y rf rl j t e
a e ie o h tt o r a t n 0 1 e at ha e i d h o k tn h s a e t a e o n t i
o
e
l
p
mc v
Reif d tdJ n 3 2 1 .Dk. 2 -4 Th r ias a' t nfrMa d tr I jn t nt RetnAlBu i s
l ' ae u e , 0 1 t# 72 . ee s lo K i o n aoy nu ci o tr l snes
e'
Mo o
o
z
Re o dst P ant f'wi t esmed t.Dk . 2 - 5 Nete o t e ed c me ss e iial alg savoain o j
c r o li i s' t h a ae t # 72 . i r f h s o u nf p cfcl l e ilt f
f
h
h
y e
o
1 1- 036.Alo i t sa e c tr c dsi a f c Am e d Pl a i Unde Rul 18 oft S e eCour of
3. 1
s n he t t our e or s f ond
se
nde e d ng
r e :
he upr m
t

Vi i i'd tdAp i1 , 0 4 whc d e n ta p a t alg av oai n o j1 .- 0 6 Dk , 2 - , u t r i
r n a' ae rl 8 2 1 , ih o s o p e r o l e ilt f 31 1 3 , t # 731 b t hee s
g
e
o
t mpant o Da g s' ae Ma 2 , 0 4 whc alg savoaino j1 .-O 5A)1.Dk. 2 -1 2 -7
< li f r mae'd td y 8 2 1 . ih l e ilt f 311 3 ( () t# 01 , 73 .
co
e
o

dervatve acton f br h ofdut ofl ly on beha fofM i os 1.A ccor ngl Count9 wila s
i i
i or eac
y oyat
l
m a
di y,
l lo

beDI I
SM SSED wihoutprj ce.
t
eudi
6. Count 1 and 1 ( piac .
s0
4 Cons r y)
Shum an and Edwar ar nam ed i tvo c piacy count i t compli . The fr ,
ds e
n a ons r
s n he
ant
lst

Count1 alg st tS
0, le e ha huma a Edwadsc pie t i ur Mi albypr i t nyfle
n nd
r ons rd o nj e mos
oducng '
ma as
rporsa gyke pi jaflea c i rc dofMi aAsa Fuson, wihane r s t
e t nd b e ng as countng e or
mos in i LLC t
t eul

fvorngt fna ilc tonofDee nt' Compl, . 1, t! 24 2 Pli if a sr
a i he i nca ondii
fnda .
'
.Dkt# a ! 9, 51. antfs set
t ta ars tMi aItufee at a l sofisbusnesa ast.?1 a j25 l Count
ha, s eul, mos T frd otlos t i s nd ses' d. t r 2. n
s
14,pl ntfscont t Shum an and Edw a cons r t arii aly i l e Shum a s e t i
ai if
end hat
rds
pied o tfci l nfat
n' quiy n
M i osa Iand f sel re
m
al y porti
ncom e pai t Lu,ca i Lu t i ur ft labiii ,pena tes a
do
usng
o nc tax i ltes
li , nd
i e tf sallest w er ne pai asw el aspot i c i i otci lcolec i is f
nt res ot ai hat e ver d
l
ental rm nal
vi l ton s ues or

unpadtx. 1 a !3
i a ' d. t 00.
'
V igi a lw r
r ni a ecogni tvo ca
zes a
usesofacton f cons y: com m on lw cvl cons zac
i ot
pkac
a i'
l
pi y

a sa or busne sc pia ypurua t Vigi aCodej 1 2- a -00.Se Duna v.
nd tmt y i s ons rc s nt o r ni
j 8. 499, nd 5
e l

Cotma Trns si S s,
t n a mison .LLC, 7Va. 7,21 -4,7 S. 2d31 31 (01 ) d co
28
20 31 54 E. 3, 6 2 4 . < mmon
A
1 cons t conss softvo orm or per onscom bi t accom pls by s e conce ed acton,
aw
piacy
it a
e s
ned o
ih, om
rt
i
s e ctm i orunl ulput e ots e l ulpur
om
i nal
awf
pos
om awf
poseby a crm i otunlw f m e '
i nal
a ul ans.'

Commeca Bus S s I . Belout Sevs l , Va. , 453S. 2d261 26 (99 )
ril . . nc v. ls h r . nc.249 39 48y
E.
, 7 1 5.
Stt oor i s c piay,c fe i Vigni Codej1 2- ma siunlwf f dglyt
aut busnes ons rc odiid n ri a
8. 499, ke t a ul ot tan wo
otmor pes go c ne, socae a te mutal undetk orc ett t rf t
e rons tj ombi a s it, ge , - l
u y
ra e onc r ogehe or he

pupos of( wilulya maiiusyi utnga he i hi rputton,tde busnes or
e i lf l nd lco l nj i not r n s e ai ta , i s
)
pr esi bya menswhae ror@ wiltl a maiiusyc mpelnga he t door
of son ny a
tve
lfzy nd lco l o li not r o
l
perf m any a agai thi wil orpr ve i orhi i anot r fom doi orper or ng any
or
ct ns s l,
e ntng
nderng
he r
ng
f mi

19

lwf a t7a j1 2-00s t f t d ma st bepadt 'fjypes who s lbei utdi hs
a ul cy' nd 8. 5 es orh a ge o
i o fan ron
hal nj e n i
rputton,ta ,busne sorpr esonbyraonofavi ai ofj1 2499:
e ai rde i s
ofsi
es
olton
8.- .
7
To r
ecover i an acton unde t e s am t , a pli if m us
n
i
r hes t es
a ntf
t

esa ih:<1 ac mbi tonoftv ormor pe s f t pumos
tbls (() o nai
ao
e rons or he
e
ofwiltl a maii l ij i pli ifi hi busne sj a ()
lftl nd lcousy nurng antf n s i s g nd 2
y
t s li da a t pl i if' Ale Re ly Cor v.H ol r ,227 V a
e u tng m ge o a ntf. l n at
'
p.
be t
.

441,4 31 S. 2d 5 ,5 (98 ) a c d Caecot gl v.
49, 8 E. 92 96 1 4) c or tr p- nc.
Caei Co c t l cj 2 6Va (21( 2 , 3 SE.d (7 , g
trn n e s n , 4 . 2 , j 8 4 1 . 2 2 71 1
282 (993. I i notne esr f a pli if t pt t t t
1 1 ts
c say ot antf o ove ha he
def ndantcons r or act wih ac uulm ai ie. ilw il hated,or
e
piat s ed t t
lce, . ,l- l, r
s t diect t d t pl ntf. Com m e i Bus. S s. l v.
pie r ed owar he ai if
rcal
nc.

Bel h Se s,2 Va 39 47,453 S. 2d 261 266 7 (995.
l
sout nr. 49 . ,
E.
, -6 1 )
Rat ya pli if m us es abls by cear and convi i e dence
her
antf
t t ih
l
ncng vi
onl t t cons r ors act wih lgalmalceyie. di entonaly,
y hat he
piat
ed t e
i . , dnt i l

pur ey a wihoutlwf j tfc ton.l a 47,45 S. 2d a
posl, nd t
a ul usiiai d. t
3 E. t
267;accor N orhern vaal l Es at v.M ar i ,283 V a.86, 110,
d
t
tea t e
tns
-

-

-

-

7 0 SE.d 1 ,1 3 (0 2)Wiimsv.Donno Te h.Pat es
2 . 2 21 3 2 1 ) lu
l
tiin c rn t,
L. C.265 Va 28 290 5 S. 2 75 757 ( 3;Smmonsv.
L. ,
. 0, , 76 E.d 2,
200 ) i
Mie, 6 Va 5 1 5 8 5 4SE.d6 6 6 7(0 1.
l r2 1 . 6 , 7 , 4 . 2 6 , 7 2 0)
l
D unl ,287 Va.at214-15,754 S. 2d at317. U nde et r t
a
E.
r ihe heoryofr
ecover com m on 1 or
yaw
st kt y cons r
attor
piacyt pl ntf m us frs ale t t def
he ai if
t t t lge hat he endant com bi t her
s
ned oget
t ef ecta ipr
o f
f econcei pl and uniy of desgn and pur e,f
ved an
t
i
pos or
t com m on desgn i t es ence oft cons r y.' Cons
he
i s he s
he
piac '
equenty,
l
i or t s ve a m oton t cim i ,Pli ifm us at l tpl
n det o urvi
i o ls ss antf
t eas ead
t r st conc t of acton and uniy of pum os i m or t
he equiie
er
i
t
e n
e han
Tm er concl ory l
f e
us
anguage.' I addii t s ve a m oton t
' n
ton, o urvi
i o
dim i s an ale i of cons r m us i ude eihet a unlw f
s s,
lgaton
piacy
t ncl
t
n a ul
actoran unlw f pur e.
a ul pos

Ba Toba c LLC v.BelQuai To c oPr t.
y
c o.
l lpr ba c oducsLLC, F.
261 Supp.2 483 4 ( D.
d , 99 E. Va.
200 ( ena cttonsomitd)
3) i r l iai
nt
te .
I i uncl f om t f oft com pli i t scas whet pli if i end t as er
ts
ear r
he ace he
a nt n hi e
her antf s nt
o s t
caus ofacdons f com m on l ci lcons r y orsatzor busnes cons t
es
or
aw vi
piac
t tt y i s
piacy. N eihe Count
t r

1 norCount1 me
0
4 ndonsVigi aCodej 1 2- 9, - 0s cfc ly.Count1 i e ild
t ni
j 8. 49 ot 50 pe iial
0 s ntte
iCons rc byDefnda sS
' pia y
e nt huma a Ed r t i ur abusne s' Co 1 i r erdt a
n nd wads o nj e
i s. unt 4 s efre o s
'
tci lcons r yi'howe pli if as er i t i r ponset def nt m oton t dinas t
f vi
piac '
ver, antf s s t n he r es
o enda s' i o s is hat

Count1 i i e dt saeacam unde Vigni Codej 1 .- 9,- 0.S vPl.Rep.oMot
4 s ntnde o tt li
r ri a
j 8249 50 e s' s t
.
t D inass D kt # 29,at14.
o s i, .

l a e ntCo 1 pli yalge i u t Mi a1a i t rf eadei tvecam,
n ny ve , unt 0 anl le s njc o mos nd s hecor rvai li
whi pli if ha fied t pr l as er . Accor ngl Count10 w ilbe D I ISSED w ihout
ch antfs ve a l o opery s t
di y,
l
SM
t

pt jdie Tot e tnt u t1 alg sijr t Mi s Ia ars l o S u n a Ed t s
eu c . he xe Co n 4 l e nu y o mo a s eut f h ma nd wad '
e
aleged ar ii ali l i ofShum an' eqtiy i t busnes i,t i a dervatve cl m .
l
tfci nfaton
s lt n he i s, t ooy s
i i ai

Addii l ,a t t e e Count1 sae acam f i re t Lui vi ly pli if ha
tonal nd o he xtnt
y
4 tts li or t is o ndi dual, antfs ve
ju
f l t pl d t Tr st conce tofacton and uni ofpup os i m or t d er concl or
aied o ea he <equiie
r
i
w
en
e han m e
us y
l
angua '' Ba Tobacco LLC,261 F.Supp.2c at499. Count14,i f cont nsno al i
ge.'
1
n acq
ai
legaton
wha s
t oevert Shum an and Edw a com bi ss oci ed,a eed,orot a s cons t d t
hat
rds
ned, s at gr
hetvie
pi e o

i ur Lua
nj e nd/otMi a1 Ass h,Count1 wil DI I
mos . uc
4 lbe SM SSED wihoutptj ce.
t
eudi
Count 1 a 1 ( aud /Const ci Ftud)
s 1 nd 2 Ft
m tve a .
Count 11 and 12 as er cl m sf f a I Count11,pl ntf scont t Liand Lu,ri
s
s t ai or r ud. n
ai if
end hat
dn
ri
elance upon D ef
endantShum a smi r pr ent ton t hew a ed t becom e a parnerof
n' s e es a i hat
nt o
t
M i os A san Fuson,LLC,al
m a i
i
lowed hi t r t busnes by t ki car ofal adm i st i
m o un he i s a ng e
l
ni tatve

is si l ngmatngflngst vai e tte , i ang )booksa rc ds a ha g
sue ncudi
l li o rous n i s manti i
i
i
ng
nd e or , nd ndli
ng)
cas box a busnes c
h
nd i s hecki accountoft busnes ' when i f Shum a onl desr t çpl
ng
he i s,'
n act
n y i ed o f ot
and i pl e a conver i t sealt busnes and as sofM i os A san Fuson,LLC.'
m em nt
son o t he i s
set
m a i
i
'

c ansalgai ie ia t t ei Co 1 .I a ! 2677
onti le tons d ntc lo hos n unt 1 d. t ! -4.
- pt acl m f act f a pli if mus est ih by cl a convi ng evi
f0 ove ai ot ual r ud, antf s t abls
eat nd
nci
dence

t tShuma ma ()aflerprsntton,()ofmaeilfc,()i e i l a kno ngy ()
ha
n de 1 as e ee ai 2
tta a t 3 ntntonal nd wi l,4
y
wihi e t tila a t tpli if ()rl on t t se ee ai a ()weeij e
t ntnt o nse d, nd ha antfs 5 ei
ed he nirprsntton nd 6 r nurd.
Se Ri ond M e r Aut v. c e t St Bovi.I . 25 V a 553 5 -5 5 S. .d 3 3
e chm
t o. h. - D vit .
M
s nc , 6 . , 57 8, 07 E 2 44, 46-

4 (9 8.( ns t t efa drq ie p oo , lob cera c n icn e i e e K a aflc
7 1 9 ) t t z i ru e urs r fas y la nd o vn ig vd nc ,t t as
co r c v
h
rprsntto ofamaeilfc wa ma i e l orne lg nty a t i urdpat wa
e e e ain
tra at s de nnoc nty
gie l, nd he nj e ry s
dam aged asa r ul of...r i upon t ras epr ent i '' 1 at553,507 S. . at347
es t
elance
he lir es aton.' d.
E 2d

(uotngMorai v. ula En ' SeN.251Va 2 29 467S. 2d7 78 (99 .
q i
trno Cons tnt
t,
. 89, 5,
E. 78, 2 1 $)

Fe ea Rueo CiiPr c d r 9 rq ie ta fa db pe wi p riuai .t h s a
d rl l f vl o e u e $) e urs h t tu e ld t at lrt ç u ,
h c ' y f
c antwhih fist s ci lyalget tme plc a natueoft fa i s e tt
ompli
c al o peikal l he i , a e nd b
e
he rud s ubjc o

dir sa onaRul 1 $()moton. s-c Am.I v. ynol ,91 F.d97 98 ( hCi.
snisl
e 29 6 i ' -romb .nc. Re ds 1 2 0, 0 4t r
'La e
dG ene lzed,nons ii a l i ' at i ufi entt s a e a vai cli f faud. W ar s
ç
rai
pecfc legatons' e ns fci o t t
ld am or r
d'

E u .I v. w Hol ndNorhAm.l ,2 Va 37 3 ,4 S. 2d51 5 (997.
i nc. Ne
l
a
t
nc. 54 . 9, 85 93 E. 6, 20 1 )
H e e,pli if alege onl t Shum an çexpr sed t he want t becom e apa nerof
r a ntf s l
y hat
K es hat
ed o
rt
M i osaA san Fusi LLC and m ade s e paym ent t Pli if t d beconang a patncr'
m
i
on,
om
s o antf s owar
i
t y'

Compl, t# 1 a ! 25 267 a t tLia Lurle ont snirprsnttont t i
.Dk. , t ! 6, , nd ha nd eid hi ase ee ai o het
derme .Pli if ha notpld fa ( c tucî fa wihpatc aiy Count 11a
ti nt antfs ve
e rud or onsr tve rud) t riultt.
s nd
1 cont n no alegatonsast when orwheret e s at ent by Shum an wer ale y m ade,4
2
ai
l i
o
hes t em s
e lgedl
l

norany ot det i concem i t nat e oft ale nas epr ent i A s s h,Count 11 and
het al
ng he ur
he lged ir es aton.
uc
s

1 wil DI I
2 lbe SM SSED wihoutprj ce.
t
eudi
8. Count1 ( os Neglge )
3 Gt s
i nce .
Count13 as er sa cli a i tShum an and Edwar f iG r s N eglgence i r d
s t
am gans
ds or d os
i
n ecor

keepi ofa lm ied labiiy com pa ' Com pl,D kt # 1,at57. Pli if aleget Shum an and
ng
i t i lt
ny.'
.
.
antfs l hat
Edw ar s red a dut t keep accur e accountng r ds,t tt breac t dut and thave
ds ha
yo
at
i ecor ha hey
hed hat y
f
neglgenty keptt busnes a
i l
he i s ccountng t ds'ofM i os 1 and,asa r ul,fta busnes
i ecor '
m a ,
es t tle i s

ac
c ountr c d ofMi aAsa Fuson, i hghl i c ur t a ne dglt bes t d b a
e ot
mos in i LLC s i y na c ae nd e s o ore y n
1 D e e nt a gu t s ca msar ba r d byt sat t oflm iaj . Def .M ot t Dim is D kt # 23,a 4. The
7 f nda s r e he e li
e re
he t t e i t tons
z
s' . o s s , .
t
y
m a welbe. Howe r wihoutknowi whe a m ir pr s ai we e alge y m a ,t co tc nnots y wih
y l
ve , t
ng
n ny s e e ent tons r l dl de he ur a
e
a t
c r ant t tt s cam sa e tme- red.
e ti y ha he e li r i ba r

a c i pr esona. Compl Dkt# 1, t! 28 28 Pli if cam d ma sa ars l of
c ountng ofsi l'
'
v . a ! 0- 2. antfs li a ge s e ut
,
<notknowi t tue fnancalcondii oft busnes untls antalam ountofl lf ar
'
ng he r i i
ton
he i s i ubst i
ega ees e

s
pentt s f t r
o ue or he ecords'asw elas f tt all soft busnes ,buit outcostoft busi sy
'
l or lot os
he i s lhe
nes

alpe s l o rya ale ui
l rona prpet nd l q pment'ofMi a1 1 a !283
'
mos . d. t
.
Co 1 f ist sa e a ca m f : hih r lefc n be g a e Asta Vig ni S e e
unt 3 a l o t t li olw c ei a
r nt d.
le t i a upr m
Cour hasr
t
ecogni
zed:

r j r ae tr e lv l o n gke c . Th f t lv l smpe
fhee r h e e es f e l n e e us e e, i l
n gke e iv le te fite t us t e d g e o c z ta a
e l nc , n ov s h alr o e h e re f ae h t n
t
or narl prude per on woul exer s unde sm iatcicum st
di iy
nt s
d
cie
ri l r
ances

t a i i ur t a he.Gosetv. aks n,2 Va.5 5 ,457
o vod nj y o not r s t J c o 49
49, 54
S. 2d 97,1 0 (9959Grfi v.Shve ,227 Va 31 321 31
E.
0 1 ) ifn
il
. 7, , 5
S. 2d 21 21
E. 0, 2-13 (984.The sc lve,gr sne i nc ,i a
1 )
e ond e l os gl e s
ge
degr of ne i nce s
ee
glge
howi i lfer
ng ncif ence t a her and an uter
o not
t
ci r d of pr
ls egaz
udence t am ount t a com pl e negl of t
hat
s o
et
ect
he
s et of s h ot per on.Thi r r a de ee ofneghgence t
af y
uc her s
s equies
gr
hat
w oul s
d hock f i- nded per ons alhough dem onstatng s et ng
a tmi
s , t
r i om hi
l s t wilul r es ness K of m an v.G ar t 265 Va. 12, 15,
es han lf eckl s . f
net,

5 S. 2d 2 ,2 (00 ) Grfm,227Va a 3 ,31 S. 2 a
74 E. 58 60 2 3; if
. t 21 5 E.d t
213) Fet us v. Fer us 212 V a. 86, 92, 181 S. . 648, 653
on
on,
E 2d

(971.The t r lve ofne i ntc nd ti wilula wa on
1 )
hid e l
gl
ge o uc s lf nd nt
ne i
glgence. Thi conduct i def ed as dactng cons ousy i
s
s
m
f i
ci l n
di egat of anot
st d
her per s tght or actng wih r es
son' i s
i
t eckl s
i fer
ndi f ence t t consequences wih t def
o he
, t he endanta e,fom hi
war r
s
knowl
edge ofexitng cr st
si icum ancesand condii ,t hi conduct
tons hat s

pr bl woul c us i u. t a he. Et ron v.Doe 2 Va
oba y
d a e njt o not r' het
'
y
'
, 68 .
209,21 -1 59 S. 2d 87,9 (00 ( i Grfi 22 Va a
3 4, 7 E.
0 2 4) quotng ifn, 7 . t
3 315S. 2da 21 ) seas Alons v.Ro ns 257Va.54
21,
E. t 3; e lo f o
bi on,
0,
5 514S. 2d61 61 ( 99.
45,
E. 5, 8 19 )

Cowa v.Hos c Suppor Cae l .268Va 4 , - ,6 S. 2d91 91 - 9(004.The
n
pie
t r. nc,
. 82 48687 03 E. 6, 8 1 2 )
alegatonsi Count13 t Shum an and Edw ar çhave neglgenty keptt busnes accountng
l i n
hat
ds <
i l
he i s
i
recor n ofM i os 1ar nots fci l egre oust fs
ds'
m a e
ufi enty
gi o fhock f i-ni
ar r nded per ons'and t ef e do
s '
her or
notrs t t l ofgr sncglge e.s I . Addii l t t ext Shum an and Edwar di
ie o hc evel
os
i nc l d
tonaly, o he ent
ds d

e gei ne ke rc dke pi a yi ut woul h vebe ns ti dbyMi a1 tq rngt s
nga n gl nt e ot e ng, n nj y d a e usane
mos , e uii hi
1 Pa a r ph 283 oft co pli sa est tS a scond ç soft m os e e i c
5 rga
he m ant t t ha hum n'
uct <
i he
t gr g ous onduc ofvi lula wa on
t
lf nd nt
ne lg e' Com pl, kt # 1 To ta e t ntp antfsi e f Count1 t sat a cam f wilula wa on
g ienc ,
'
.D . .
le x e l i if ntnd or
3 o t e li or lf nd nt
neg ie e i.t fis f t r a o sa e
lg nc , t oos al or he e s ns t t d.

cam t bebr htdei tvey Se Va CodeAnn. j13110 -044 Fe R. v, 23. For
li o
oug lvai l. e .
j .- 42,1 ; d. Ci P. 1.
t s ra ons Co 1 wil DI I
hee e s , unt 3 lbe SM SSED wihoutpr j c
t
eudie.

9. Count1 ( ia opratonofTr Sec es.
5 M s ppr i i
ade r t)
Count1 oft c antalge fia oprai ofta scet,ctngVigni Codej
5 he ompli le s lsppr iton rde e r s ii ri a
a
59. 336. Speciical t com pl ntale t <Lu hascr ed a num be ofs etr pes
1i ly, he
ai lges hat &
eat
r ecr eci
com pied i an excels
l n
heetf m at'w hi w er m ar asconfdentala Kpl
or ,' ch
e ked
i i nd t aced i varous
n i

l i i t kic ofM i os A san Fuson,LLC f t us ofchef and f pr er '
ocatons n he t hen
m a i
i
or he e
s
ood epat s.'

Compl,Dkt# 1, t! 30 0 Lufrhe alge t S ma a Mi a1 t a us dt s
. . a ! 6-7. ut r l s hat hu n nd mos 1 ook nd e hee
e
r cpeswihoutLu' a horz ton,t tbymia oprai Lu' ta es ces l a ! 3111
ei
t
s ut iai hee
sppr itng s t d e rt. d. t ! -2.
G ener l t lw afor t ow ner of a t ade s et
aly, he a
f ds he
t
ecr
prot i tagli t t di l ur or unaut i us of t tade
ecton t ns he sc os e
holzed e
he r
secr by t
et
hose t whom t s et has bee confded under t
o
he ect
n
i
he
expt or i pled t ti i ofnondicl ur or nonus ' K ewanee
ess m i es rcton
s os e
ea'
0 1 Co.v.Bi ron Co . 416 U . 470,475,94 S. .1879,40 L. 2d
1
c
,
S.
Ct
Ed.

31 (97 ) d he caca c rceitc ofa ta sce i sce y
5 1 4 . d tzil haa trsi
x'
rde e rt s e rc
r het t
at
han novely.' Di
t ' onne v. Sout t Foam Conver i &
heas
tn

Pa ka il I .240Va 297 30 397S. 2d 1 0,11 (990.
c t nc,
'
. , 2,
E. 1 3 1 )
Mir r e yl . Li26 Va 249 2 601S. 2 58 588( 4 .Abs l esce yi not
costatg nc v. , 8 . , 62,
E.d 0, 200 )
out e rc s
tquie ho ve.<g- owne ofata sce wi notl epr e tonoft lw bydicosng
e rd, we r flhe
-l
r
rde e rt l os otci
l
he a
sl i
t sec ett ahcensee,an em pl
he r o
oyee,orot rs pr ded t t dicl ur i m ade i expres or
he , ovi hat he s os e s
n
s

i l dc nf e c . l .ct gDin c 2 0Va a 3 2 3 7SE.da 1 3 a dKe n e01Co.
mpi o i n e' d (in o n , 4 . t 0 , 9 . 2 t 1 ; n wa e 1 .
e
d
'
i
41 U. a 475.
6 S. t )
TheVigi aUnior TrdeSe rt Ac,c lfe i Vigni Codej 59.- t ou
r ni f m a ces t oc id n ri a
i
j 1336 hr gh
-

343 defnesKt ade s et'as:
i fr
ecr '

gl or ton, i l ng but not Et td t a ft a patr
lnf mai ncudi
nie o, omul, ten,
com piaton,progr ,de ce,m et
li
am vi
hod,t
echni orpr s t :
que,
oces , hat
1.D e i i
zves ndepende econona cval act orpot i ,f
nt
i ue, ual
ental rom not
beng gene ly know n t and not bei t l as t i e by
i
ral
o,
ng eadiy cer anabl
Proper m eans by, ot pe ons who can obt n econom i val
her rs
ai
c ue
fom isdicl ur oruse,and
r t s os e

2. l t s c t of ef t t t ae ra o bl unde t
s he ubjc
fors ba r e s na e
r he
cicum sances t m ai ai iss ec
r
t
o
nt n t ecr y.

Va CodeAnn. 5 13 Thec antalge t tLuce tdsce tcpe t tprvi
.
j 9.-36.
ompli le s ha
rae e tt ei s ha o de
K
f

uni c i y ar i t t and dipl ofgr com m er i vaue i com pe i w ih ot
que ulnar t n as e
s ay
eat
cal l t
a
tng t her

r sa a s' Compl, . 1 a !30 l f t ralge t te c pa oftes e ds e
etutnt.
?
.Dkt# , t 9. t urhe l s ha a h ge l pta he t
e
a
c ani t s sce r i spr ni ntysae çgj or to i c i nta, a bes r
onti ng he e e rt ecpe ol ne l ttd: tlnf main s onfde ilc nnot haed
wihoutt cons ntoft orgimlow ne ' La t 3 Thec
t
he
e
he i r
r.' d a ! 06.
ompli alg t tLua horze
ant le es ha
ut i d
.

us oft e r pesby t chef and f pr er ofM i os 1 and t t recpesw e pt ced i
e hes eci
he
s
ood epar s
m a,
hat he i
re a n

vai l ai oft Mi aIlthe f t tpum os,dsa !30708 butt tLudi not
rous oc tons he mos t c n or ha
i
ei t
- , ha
d

a horz us byShuma ttatt 31 -2.Luha s fce l pldt e itnc ofata sce.
ut ie e
n,tt !! 1 1
.
s ufiinty e he xse e
rde e tt
The s
econd el entofan ofens br
em
f e oughtundert Vigi a Unior Tr Sec et A cti
he r ni
f m ade r s
s
r s opraton. M i ostat l ,268 Va.at263,601 S. . at588. The satze def es
niappr i i
cr t e nc.
E 2d
t tt
m

t sappt i i as:
ni
optaton
A cquiii ofa t ade s etof anot r by a per w ho know s
ston
r
ecr
he
son
or has t on t know t t tade s et w as ac r by
eas o
hat he r
ecr
quied
i properm eans;or
m

D icl ur or us ofa tade s etofsnota wihoutexpres ot
s os e
e
r
ect
ler t
s
i pled consentby a per who
m i
son
U s i pr
ed m oper m ea t a r knowl
ns o cquic
edge oft tade
he r
s et Or
ecr ;

A t t fm e of dicl ur or us knew or had t on t
he i
s os e
e,
eas o
know t hi knowl
hat s
edge oft tade s etwas
he r
ecr

D erved fom ot t ough a pe on who
i
r
hr
rs
had utlzed i pr
ii m operm eanst acqui i;
o
ze t

() Ac r dund rcrumsa e gvngrs
2 quie
e ic tnc s ii ie
t a dut t m ai ai is s ecy or lr t
o
y o
nt n t ecr
ini
is us
t e;

() Dei d fom ort o a pes who
3
tve r
hr ugh
ron
ow ed a dut t ta per on s ng r i
y o le s eeki elef
t m ai ailis s ec orlm i isus or
o
nt t t ecr y i t t e;

() Ac uie b a cd ntormitke.
4 q rd y cie
sa
Va CodeAnn.j5 13 Thec antalg t tShuma ( sraont k w t tt s ce
.
9.-36.
ompli le es ha
n i e s o no ha he er t
ha
r pew asacqui by i pr
eci
red m operm eans,'and t tShum an a M i os 1 Kdi l ed t t ade
'
ha
nd m a 1 < scos he t
s ett t . em pl
ecr o hei
r
oyeesand wiluly beneftng t i entval t efom wihoutexpr se or
lf l
ii he nher
ue her r
t
es d

i idc e byPli ifLu. Compl Dkt# 1 a !!3 1 Thus Luha sae adam f
mple onsnt antf '
'
. . , t 10-1.
,
,
s ttd i or
nls opraton oftade sec sundert Vigi a U nior TradeSecr sAct A ss
iappr i i
r
rct
he r ni
f m
et
.
uch,
def
endant 'm oton t dit ssCount15 wilbe D EN IED .B
s
i o sni
l
I
10.Punii dam ages.
tve

D ef
endant ar t pl ntf sr
s gue hat ai if eques punii damagest exc t am ountalowabl
t
tve
hat eed he
l
e

bylw. De s' ot t Dimis Dkt # 23, t3 5.Pli if s k $ ,00i punii da g i
a
f.M . o s s, .
a ,
antfs ee 4000 n
tve ma es n
connectonswih ea ofCount 3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13yand 14,al ofwhi wilbe
i
t ch
s
l
ch l

dim ised f f iure t sat a cai .A lhough t i s i m ootbas on t cour' t i
s s
or al o t e l m
t
he s ue s
ed
he
ts ulngs,

dee nt' ii i ne rhce sweltke Vigni Cod j8. - . c pspunii da g a
fnda s poston s vet ls l a n. ri a e 01381 a
tve ma es t
$ 0,00. Ha t s co ss vi d t m oton t din is a y c i ii s vvi cam f r
35 0
d he e unt ut ve he i o s ls, n o ncdng ur i ng li o
pu t d g swoul ha be n l t d t $ ,00.
nii ama e
ve
d ve e i e o 3500
mi
Pl i if al s punii dam agesi connecton wih Count15,whi s
antfs so eek
tve
n
i
t
ch urdves

dee nt'Rul 1 ()moton.Thi rquethowe ri lt tdt $1 ,00, lund rt
fnda s e 2:)6 i
s e s, ve,sinie o 000 wel e he
s at ory ca Pli if can r
t ut
p. antf s
ecove punii dam a f vi atonsoft Vigi a Unior Trade
r
tve
ges or ol i
he r ni
f m

Se rt Ac fgfwif a maii t sppr itone ss' Va.
ces tfi lul nd lcous nia oprai xit.
l l
' CodeAnn.j5 1338 The
9.- .

1 Dee d ns ag me tc n enn Co n 1 cneso tefc ta VignaCo ej5 ,-3 ,ie i tec mplit
6 fn a t' ru n o cz ig u t 5 e tr n h ath t rii d 913 6 ctd n h o an ,
c ansonl de i tons D e s'5 ot t Dim is D kt # 23,a 4.'' ec tc tuesCount1 assai a cam
ont i
y fnii , f . 1 . o s s , .
t Th our onsr
5 t tng li

t e teVi/niUnfr Trd S cesAc, rii Co j 5 .-3 e s .Dee d ns ag me ,h rfr,s
md r h r a io m a e ert tVi na de j 913 6 t e
g
fn a t' ru ntteeoe i
i ppost
na
ie.

courtfndst al i i Count15 s fci att seary sage oft ltgaton t st e a cl m
i
he legatons n
ufi ent hi l t
he ii i o at
ai
f punii dam ages
or
tve
.

A ss
uch,def
endant 'm oton t di s wilbe D EN IED ast t punii dam a cai
s
i o smi s l
o he
tve
ges l m
aleged i Count15 and i m ootas t t puni dam ages cai s s f t i Count 3,4,5,6,7,8,
l
n
s
o he
dve
l m et orh n
s
9,10,11,12,13,and 14.
1 At ot s f
1. t ney' ees.

Fi l def
naly, endant m ove t dit ssany r
s
o sni
eques f ator sf ,ar ng Kpl ntfs
t ot t ney' ees gui f ai if '

couns hasr ese ed t t Feder courtt hei re es i hi cle son a contngency f e
el
ept nt o he
al
hat s pr entng s int
i
e

a e m e a f ie t pt vi s h doc e st t c t' D e s' ot t D im i s D k . 23,
gv e nt nd al d o o de uc
um nt o he our .
' f.M . o s s , t #
at3. Thi a gum enti,i a word,nons i l Ator y' f a r
sr
sn
ensca . t ne s ees re ecovez e undercerai
abl
tn

crumsa e f t camsta s vvet Rul 1 6 moton Count 1 2a l --rgadls
ic tnc s or he li h t uri he e 29$() i
s , nd s e r e s
ofpli if'e arng me wihco e.Se 15U. C.j11 7; CodeAnn.j5 133 Thus
antfs fe ra e nt t unsl e
.
S.
1 Va.
9.- 8.
,
t t ext pl néf ss an awar ofator y' f ilconnecton w ih Count 1,2 and 15,
o he ent ai f eek
d
t ne s ees t
i
t
s
def
endant m oton t dim i swilbe D EN IED .
s' i o s s l

A ccordi y,def
ngl
endant'm otons t dinlsswilbe G RAN T ED i par and D EN IED i
s
i o s i l
n t
n

par.Asrg t t ecamst twi bedir se wihoutptj c ,pli if wilbegve la
t
e ads hos li ha l
l snisd t
eudie antfs l i n eve

t f ea ya n e c mpan t a c rst ed fcsn tdh ri wihn fu te (4 d y .
o l n me d d o lit h t u e h ee t o e een ti o re n 1 ) a s
l
A n appr i e O r wilbe ent ed.
optat der .
l
er

Enee: &S - /è- /
trd

/
W

- 2 rrJ
r
'

.

& -r
22

Mi
chaelF.Ur
banst
li

Unie Sae Ditit udge
td tts src l