Minke v. Page County, Virginia

Filing 68

MEMORANDUM OPINION. Signed by Chief Judge Michael F. Urbanski on 7/29/2019. (jv)

CL
ERK' OFFI U . DI .
S
CE S. ST COURT
AT ROANOKE, A
V
FI
LED

I THE UNI
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J 2S 2 1
UL
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FO R TH E W E STE RN D I RICT O F VI GI I
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Ci lAcdon N o.5:8- vvi
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fove alpe f m a e'oft l i si que ton diec l be t on cqm sa de e e r l e
f t l r or nc ' he andf n si
r ty a s
li nd f ns s eat d

t M i ' o n pe f m a e as s r i or Thi i or a i lkel s a t M i '
o nkes w
r or nc
upe v s . s nf m ton i y pe ks o nkes
m a ge i le f c on t lndfl a whe he s w a m ee i t ope a
na ra f e t
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tng he r don' m eti s goas
s rc , l,

a d sa r . u g Ho ' o d ra k wldg sa muc e pr sl sai t a f nk ' '
n tpdads J d e ppes r e c no e e s h, x e sy t t h t f es
ng
v
i vi lpe f m a e woul ha s e c r a
ndi dua r or nc
d ve om or eldon t t ove alope aéona pe f m a e
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r
l r or nc
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he a ll.'
t
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y
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s r i or dic r r lt t s h is i a opra e.Se E CF N o.63,at5.
upe v s , s ove y ea ed o uc sues s ppr i t e
3
I s t be us M i spe f m a aslndfl s rvs i ce ty atis i t s
n hoz, ca e nke' r ot nce a tl upe ior s la l
sue n hi

c s ,i or a r l t d t t pe f m a oft l z is l i nec s dl i e r l t d a
a e nf m don e a e o he r or nce he andf te f s es a y ntr e a e nd
i xti a e fom t ç sm s de e e ,a t oresoft s c s The ef e M i t i e l
ne tc bl t
he l i , f ns s nd he i
hi a e. r or , nle s ndted

t de eqp i o main r ltd t t pe f r nc oft lndfl p tt tr ofJ dg
o v l nf r to eae o he ro pa e he a t e he e ms u e
l
Ho eso d rt ou h dic vey La ty a t t alg ton t eJ g Ho ' o d rwo l
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e
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as o ndl ls l ur ha
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3M i not st tt Cot t ha i i a e i isi ta d s oste t tm a ofiswines e a ei ndhe as
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f
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ih li f efr d e o y t. e
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.3 a 5

er ne us'o f ontay t lw' i J d Ho ' r l a t To i s5 8 TheCo nt a
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c
ng
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B.

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whi M i r s e alc m unia
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, 0 7 t u , 01 , t e lr nd mea
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'

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t o ro ma e t l ai Mi k ' i n, nd f k t h . a fl . e
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ECF No 5 , ts l g Ho ' o d zno e t t
. 9 a .ud e ppes r e ts ha Emmonswa a o sd c ta t rf rt e
s n uti e on t co o h
Count i ve i s r ii t consru i ofane c la oneoft l ndf durng t
y nvol d n upe v sng he
t cton
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pe i fo Ma c t J e2 1 L x u g Ho as no e t td g t ttme Emmon
rod r m t h o un 0 7. d l d e ppe lo td ha udn ha i ,
s
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.

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ia n n

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ppes ui n
n
Top c9 b o e t t t e tntt o d rr qlt sV oe t r la eal e so do ume sil
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ie
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.

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i
8? cnm i t t or r t r l s addii l t xt m es a and doc e s i ove l
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r l r ot nc
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s
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J g Ho ' o d ra t eCo t i tmr ttonof tst tt eo d rc lsf rp o c on
ud e ppes r e nd h un fs n e eai i i ha h r e al o r du d
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e
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s a s f ny y'
i

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eae o he ro ma e he a
. n t r r , he se to ha l dg ppes
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e o oduc com m uni éons r l t d ft any
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y' o nke he andf s i y na ur t . eove , t s anl he as ha ns a

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s he unt ne ds o ey
ns al e ompli s bo
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er nai
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vent
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ak

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ECF N o.63,a 11..
t

The c t f t ra r e wih M i e a J g Ho t twh tM olrk w a ut
o ut urhe g e s t nk nd ud e ppe ha a
.
e ne bo
M i s conduc a t c pl i s s r eve fom Em m ons cea l i i t s ver l
nke'
t nd he om ant he ec i d r
l ry mplca e e a

a pe t oft e pe t d cnms dee e ,a t ore i t sc s . ec ur hnd t t ud e
s cs he x ce li , f ns s nd he is n hi a e Th o t s ha l g
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ge
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ng
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OVE RRU LE D .

C.

The t r mao ob e ton c c r t pr d ton of h at -eae i o ma
hid jr jci on ens he o uci
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c ti di Meis Hi gnbot m' pe s nne f e fo 20 0 t 2 4. ud eHop notd
on ane n lsa g i ha s r o l l r m 1 o 01 J g
l
pe e
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hat ' ggi ha
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pot nda wine s at til who z pore c
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za
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r bout M i s alge y pr e a
nke' le dl obl m éc

wok a e c u ti 20 4 S e ECF No.5 ,a 5 (iig ECF No.4 -,a 18.Mo e
rplc ond c n 1 . e
9 t ctn
61 t -) r
s cûcal,I ggi ha r por e y fl a gre
pe i ly li nbot m e t dl ied
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gans nke le i
st t nt

a t a he h at wa a ve sl a f ce b he i ea éo wih Mike J g Ho cts
nd h t r e lh s d rey fe td y r ntr c ns t n . ud e ppe ie
.
a'be of c e s
vy
as s uppor
dng li r i t t M i
's ulng ha
l
nke m a obt i ce t i i or a
y
an r an nf m don i
n

I ign ha spe s nne fl.l a 6 J g Hop notd fco i rng t cnms a
- g i bot m' r o l l d. t . ud e pe e : f l nsdei he li nd
l
e
g
def ns i t s c e,i or a i i a non- r ys e pl m ent fl m a be r lva i i i
e es n hi as nf m ton n
pa t ' m oy
ie y
e e nt f t s

t ltdt M i eswor pe f m a e jhe s pe dso ofo h r,n l ln d si i r a don
eae o nk ' k ror nc r r u r i n t e s i cucig icpl y c
na
s i dae o ha s mei ve n i , a i o ma on t ta e l y e lf h so
he ni td r d o t
wol me t ng nd nf r d ha n mp o m nt e t i r
)
hete pl m e ...,vol a iy otby t t anai ordic s doi s bec us ofM i
m oy nt
unt rl
e n i ton,
s us ed ng o a e
nke,

d ig t pe i of a a y1 2 1 , oJ ne2 , 01 7I a 7
urn he rod J nu r , 0 6 t u 1 2 7. d. t .
7
J g Ho f t rn e t a Kgnf z ain a tM i esc du t t e fc o
ud e ppe urhe otd h t fj o m to bou nk ' on c or he fe t f
i
he c ndu to ot r t a o c r dbe o e2 6ma as ber lv n i g )Co yi e s
r o c n he s h t c ure f r 01 y lo ee a t f t
he unt ntnd
t i tod ee i nc a ut t' d. u geHo hed t a t i ov to a is ,ncucng
o n r uc vde e bo i. I J d
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i

t e se e a e e ofHi nbot m ' he t i s s i fpot ntal r lva t M i s
he xit nc nd xt nt
ggi ha s alh s ue , s f e ily e e nt o nke'

jb p ror nc a he c - r e s a l st wo kwihhe , lc aec nta is si t s
o e f ma e nd r o wo k r ' bide o r t r wlih r e tlsue n hi
i
c s . L aJ g Ho pehed t a t fuls opeofH g i bot m' c mpli sa ut nk
a e' d ud e p
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f
gn ha s o ant bo Mi e
a e t ati s i t s c s ,:a a t
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s r ul ry e i '
'

i of r as t Count a t nty i e
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kplc onductha m e he he lh,M i i
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nke s

e ild t alr lva i ot a
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y o oduce a li or aton fom Hi nbot m ' pe s
l nf m i r
ggi ha s r onne fl r ltng
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o nke nd ggi ha s iva e gans r s l s ligi ha s f dia
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nf m don f om 2010 t 201 7 I
r
o
4. d.
7

The Cou y o e t t pr ucng hell eae i oma n i Hignbot m'
nt bjcs o od i
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pe s
r onne fl ,orgnal cni i t t r que twasove br a i
l le i i ly l m ng hat he e s
r oad nd nvadesH i i ha '
gg nbot m s

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wl
l
gre nc caini t M i ' beha otca ed he heat pr e s' i wil asdie t by
iva e l r ng hat nkes
vi
us
r lh obl m ,' t l,
t c ed

J d e Ho ,pt vde a c py of t tg iva e a d t lt d d u nt d ti n Mi es
u g ppe o i
o
ha te nc n eae oc me s eal g nk '
i
be vi and isdeet i efe on Llgg nbot m ' he lh.
ha or
t l etous f ct
i i hn s at ECF N o.61,a 2. ow e r t
t H
ve , he

Co t a srst tf rJ g Hop t ha g ne f
un y se t ha o ud e pe o ve o r tp f t r a o n d u Ms
onese urhe nd pe e p .
'

L i nbot m ' pe s lm edia r c
Iggi ha s r ona
c l e ords t s lzi by M i ' i d e ty e r
o catny
nke' s T a l r oneous' I
cl
. d.
'
The Count cont nds
y
e :

The f toft m a t ri t i m ake no dif r nc w hathe lh
ac
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s
fe e e
at
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ton . i nbot m ufer r
t ha d
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ti
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.
Ilggi hn m a ta alga i t M i ne tvey a f t d
-i nbot m
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: alh.
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va

r ltdmaeil W t ou s bjci M s Hign ha t h v n
eae tras h t u e t
ng . g i bot m o a i g

he m e ca r cor dic os d t M i I i ce ry e r
r di l e ds s l .e o nke. t s la l r oneousf
or

J g Ho t ha er ld o he wie
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L a 3.M i a srst bec us t Count fsc e ngt tO ggi ha ssae e
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nbot m' ttm nt

ge adig t ea ves he lh c ne td t Mi este t e ofhejh d mei, heme c l
r g r n h d re at on ce o nk ' ram nt
r a rt t
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ur
ggi ha s rous

c di ns... l be ro t snc rt ofgj f n ntsc r ntr l nc ' on he g iva e
on do
wi a n he i eiy d ee da ' ure ei e'
l
a
r re nc
a i tM i ECF N o.63,a 1
gans nke.
t 3.

Th c lt c u ssihJ g Hop ' r l t a t me a-eae i ot do i
e ozt onc r vt ud e pes ui h t he ic lr ltd nf ma n n
ng
I i nbot m ' pe s
-ggi ha s r onne fl i s r l a i s i t s c s a a s
l
l le s qua ey t s ue n hi a e nd, s uch,i dic r bl
s s ove a e.
M i i cor e t tt t e e t Count i e t r l on H gg nbot m ' gre nce
nke s r ct ha o he xt nt he
y nt nds o ey
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a t t e ent t t gre nc al ge t t M i ' conduc r ule il a r e he lh
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snc rt of M olrs r la e on Hi gi ha ' gre nc a c
i e iy
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ant le éon of
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r e at ons
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a y,

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onti
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e

pos es i of t Count I s t t c t i unpe s de t t H igi ha ' heat
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r ua d ha g nbot m s lhr l t d i oz aéop i he pe s
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n r r onne flsdoesnotcom ewihi t bz d s
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y' r onnelfl r lva t M i ' cnm t t r s pr f r d f he
les ee nt o nkes li hat he ea ons ofe e or t

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l d e p oe h tl e d o oe dal e sd e noma o n h esn e fl to e o o li d
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