Nelson v. Tidal Basin Holding, Inc. et al

Filing 32

MEMORANDUM OPINION. Signed by Chief Judge Michael F. Urbanski on 11/15/2019. (jv)

CL
ERK' OFFI U. DI CG J
S
CE S. ST.
RT
A- ROAXOKE, '
r
9h
FIED
L

I TH E UN I
N
TED STATE S D ISTM CT CO U RT
FO R TH E W E STERN D ISTRICT O F W RGI I
N A
H ARRI
SON BU R G D I SI N
W O
ADAM N ELSON ,on B e fof
hal
H i se fand on Behal ofA1 Ot s
m l
f
1 her
Si iary Siuat
m l l t edy

rl' 15 z j
ï-'
tt
f
ï
gj
J A C,
ULI DUDLE L
M ERK
BK

DTPUTYc iR'
I
',
<

5:19-cv-00030
Ci lActon N o.5:8- vvi
i
1 c 00030

Pl ntf ,
ai i f

TI
DAL BASI H OLD I G ,I C.
N
N
N
and
VAN GU ARD EM ER GEN CY
M AN A GEM EN T,

By:

M i haelF.U r
c
bansd
l

Cli fUnie St t Diti tJ
ze
t d a es src udge

D ef
endant
.

M E M O RAN D U M O PI I
N ON
Thi m a t r c es bef e t c t on pli fA da N elon' m oton t t a f r
s te om
or he out
andf
m
s s
i o r nse
ve
nue.ECF N o.27.The de e nt Ti lBa i H ol ngs I .a Vanguar Em e ge y
f nda s da sn
di , nc nd
d
r nc

M a ge e ha r ponde i opposton,ECF N o.29,a pli ifA da N e s t
na m nt ve es
d n
ii
nd antf
m
lon hen

r pid EC# N o 30 Th c t h a da g me onNo mbe 5 20 9 ECF No. 1 Fo t
el .
e
. . e ou' e r r u nt
t
ve r , 1 .
3 . r he
r as s a e be ow,t colr D EN I t m odon.
e ons t t d l
he zt
ES he

Thi c s c nt r on c r a f - e wor r c a she asi pe
s ae e es
urent nd ot r ke s l s i d nde ndentc r ct s
m
onta or
by de enda s Ti l Ba i H ol ngs I
f nt
da
sn
di , nc. a A a
nd T ngua d En e ge y A4 na na
r
a z nc
a ge ent

rd fnd nt' ECF No 1 a 1 Pli fAd m Nes n tf lo ' s e t r p e e t s
fe e a s).
. , t . andf n
lo f s n' e ks o e z snt he e
Ne l
i pe nt c r cor i a nai de c lci a éon. J Nes contnds tn
nde nde onta t s n
tonwi ole tve c
.
Z
lon
e
lat

d fnd nt T no n l a d d l r tl fi dt c mpe ae Ii a t Cls M e e sa
e e a s f wigy n ei aey al o o ns t h mq nd he a s mb r t
k
be
e
t r t of Hm e a one ha f t i r gulr r t of pa f al houz wor d ove 40 i' a
he a e
nd
l he. e a a e
t
y or l
s
ke
r
t
l

wor e a rq ie u e te FatLa rSa dad Ac ( A'. LaNes se t
kwek s e urd nd r h i bo tn t s t T
FLS I' d lon eks o
'
r cove ,f Ai s l a f t put dvecolec i a
e r or m ef nd or he a
l tve cdon m e be s alunpa dwa a ot r
m r, l
i ges nd he

d ma e o du rt FLS a ac led adonpurua t 29U. C. 21 @ .da t2
a g s we nde he A s olc ve c
s nt o
S. j 6 L.a .
N e s c r nty lve i Cypr s ,Te s The put i colec ac
l on ur e l i s n
e s xa .
atve l dve éon m e be sa e
m r r

alc r ntq f m e t-ousng l pec or ' w ho we e ca sfe asi pe
l ur e nd or t fl i ns t s'
l
r ls iid nde ndentc r c or
ont a t s
durng t t e - a pe i prort t Slng oft sCom pli t pr e .ECF N o.1 at1.
i he hr e ye z rod i o he i
hi
ant o es nt
,

Def ntTi lBasn Hol ngs I i a Vigi a f - oft com oréon.L. Va r
enda
da
i
di , nc. s
r ni orpr i
a
da ngua d
Em er nc M ana e i a c pany wih is he
ge y
gem nt s om
t t adqua t r i Vigi a w holy owned,
re s n t ni,
l

cont oled,a ope at d by Ti lBasn H ollngs l J at3.Va r pr deshousng
r l nd r e
da
i
ci , nc. da
nguad ovi
i
.

i pe
ns cdon s r i sf i vi l whos hot sha bee da gedbyanautldiatr L
e vce or ndi duas
e ne ve n ma
t a s se . i
D ef nda sat pad by t f de a gove nm entaspa tofFEM A' diase t lefpz a a
e nt e i
he e r l
t
r
S s t t ei ogr m nd
pr de hous i pe ton s r i esa r st county,i l ng i Ca or la Te ,Fl i ,
ovi
e ns c i e v c c os he
r ncudi n hf ri, xas orda

and Pue t Ri 1 D e e nt e pl housng i pec or lkeN es a t put tvec a s
to co. d. f nda s m oy
i ns t s i
lon nd he a i l s
m e be s t do t s I For t i wor housng i pe or we e pad a pz - sa ihe r t
m t o
hi . d.
het k,
i ns ct s r i
e e tbls d a e

pe homei pe edand we ezi
r
ns ct
r embur e f ta lL.at4.
s d or rve. d
a

Nes c ntndst a hea t pu ai ca sme r we es bjc t d fnd n s
lon o e h t nd he tt ls mbe s r u e t o e e a t'
ve
contol ha t f l ve y s tc r l s a r gul i ,a had alt i wor r viwed a
r , d o olow r tit u e nd e atons nd
l her
k e e
nd
c r t d by de e nt,a ye we e casi d asi
or ec e
f nda s nd t r l sûe
ndepe ntconta or .ECF N o.1 at6.
nde
r ct s
,
N es f t ralge t theand t put tvecolec i ac
lon urhe le s ha
he ai
l tve don m e be sw or d i e es of
m t
ke n xc s

40 hout e h we k,butr eved no ovetme.L.a 6.Nelon now r sst ta frof
s ac e
ec i
ri da t
s
eque t he rnse
ve t t Sout r D it ofTe ,Gave t Di son.
nue o he
he n sdct
xas l son vii
1I
.

2

Und r 28 U.. j 1 91 $() ve ei p o ri < jdiildsrc i whih a
e
SC. 3 9 2, nu s r pe n f u ca itit n c
a
s t nda pa t oft e nt oz onas i gi ng zs t t cn m occ t ' H owe r a
ubs a l r
he ve s
isons vi ie o he li
ur ed.'
ve ,

dstc c ur ma ,ffo t c n ninc ofp r sa wi se,ntei ee tofj tc ,
itit o t y fl z he o ve e e ade nd me ssi h ntrs usiel
g
)
g.1ta fta cv l c t a yot e d src ordiii wheei n iht v b e br g
. . rnse ny ii a éon o n h r itit v son r t ng ha e e n ou ht

'28U.. j1 4a.Cot t tpial c sd rT1 t wegh ac r e t p/ntf'
'
SC. 40 () z s y c l onie T ) he i t c o d d o li ifs
r
y
(

. . . .

c ieofv n ;()win s c ve nc a a c s;()t c ve e e oft pa de ; nd
hoc
e ue 2 t e s on ie e nd c e s 3 he on ninc he r s a

()t i eetofj tc . Tr. tePlmbes& Pieitr Na'Pe i Fu v. tmbi
4 he ntrs usie' sof h t r
'
z
ftes t nson nd Pl n
l
z
S ws l .7 F. 4 , 44(t Ci. 0 5. epat mo n frta frbe t t b de
e .nc, 91 3d 36 4 4h r 2 1 )Th ty vig o rnse as he ur n
ofde ons t tng t tt baa e ofi e ess weghsi fvor ofta f r Se e.. Ur e
m
ta i ha he lnc
nt t t i n a
r ns e . e
, et k.
I M i Ata i, I . v.A da s Robi on Ent r . I . N o. 3: CV00004, 2017 W L
CR
d- lntc nc
m
ns
e s. nc,
16

41 39 a * ( D. . p . 0 20 7 (iainso te )
71 2, t 5 W. Va Se t 2 , 1 ) ctto mitd .
I r i on m otonst ta f rvenue coursm us fr tdet nanet t es d is
n ulng
i
o r ns e
,
t
t ls er i he hr hol s ue
ofwhet r t lws tcoul ha i tal be n fl i t cot t w li h ta f ri s
he he a ui
d ve niil e led n he ut o lc r ns e s ought
y
.

28U. C. 1 4() S eas Dik o Pr s LLC v. el Fa o Ba k N. .No.71 -v
S. j 40 a. e lo c s n o .
W l r
s
n A,
:6 c -

5 7 2 1 WL 3 7 3 0 a * ( D. . g 1 20 7 rf h t rt ta frv n t rfr
2, 07
2 3 8 , t 2 W. Va Au . , 1 ) W ehe o tnse e ue heeo e
t nso t q si ns ()whehe ve uei p o ri t e p o e ta f r ed stc,a
ut n wo ue to : 1 t r n s r pe n h r pos d t nse e itit nd
()wheh rc i t to ofj tc a d c n ninc j éf t ta fr' (mph ssa de )
2
t e onsdeai ns usie n o ve e e us y he rnse . e a i d d
'
(i ngKo v. c o e I ' I .2 0 F. u 2 6 7 6 0 ( D. . 0 3 ).
cé
h Mir t k nt . nc, 5 S pp. d 2 , 3 E. Va 2 0 ))
l
Co rsmu t x d trnnef t zc nsd r to o j dc a c ve inc j tf
u t s ne t e er i f he o i e ains f us e nd on n e e usiy
whe
t ta f r' s
he t ns e ' ought D i on Pr s,201 W L 3273380,a * f he conve e e oft
. cks
o .
7
t 2. v
ninc
he
wines es i of consde a e i
t s s
i r bl mpora e i de e m i ng whe he a ta f r of venue i
t nc n t t ni
t r r ns e
s

a pr rae und r Se ton 1 4 a. Mulns v.E uia l o Sevs LLC,No.Ci A.
p op it
e ci 40 ()' l
' i
fx nf . l .
v.

30 CV8 8 2 6WL 1 1 0 4 a * ( D. . . 8 2 0 ) Ho ve , stc c ursa c r
:5 8 , 00
2 4 2 , t 7 E. Va Apr 2 , 0 6 . we r ditit o t c o d
gr a e c i t ton t t c
'e t r onsde a i o he onve enc ofnon- t wines es who,unlkepa t wine s ,
ni e
pary t s ,
i
ry t s es
a e notpr um e t bewilng t t tf ilaf pm wiih i agr atdit nc fom whe et y
r
es d o
li o esiy r ora
lc s e s a e r
r he

t i J.
esde.l
L
1 1.
1

N es a guest venue oughtt be ta f r e t t U nied St t D iti tCour
lon r
hat
o
r ns e r d o he
t
a es s tc
t

f t Sout r D iti ofTexa , pe ii ly t G ave t D i son. e s poi soutt t
or he
he n s rct
s s cfcal, he l s on vii N lon nt
ha
t ca ec d ha orgi l fl d t sac
he s oul ve i nal le hi don t r a t si whe eN e s r i a whe e
y
he e, s hi s
r
lon esdes nd
r

he c
ompl t d a s t nta l ountoft w or underyng li csi . N e s poi soutt
e e ubs a il m
he
k
li zs l m l lon nt
hat
he a ot r put dve colec
nd he
a
l dve a don m e be s w or
c
m r
ked f def nda s iz t Sout r
or e nt r he
he n
D iti tofTe ,a t tt diti tc utf t Sout r D iti tofTexa m a e r ie
stc
xas nd ha he src ot or he
he n s tc
s y xe c s

pes na jrsl don o rd fnd nt d e t t i c tcswih Te sa d t i b i s
ro l licc
z i
ve ee a s u o her ona t t xa n hez usnes
deai ilTe s Se e.. G onzae v.D & P Pr ' Se vs,I . N o.113c
lngs t xa . e
,
lz
ofl t . nc,
: v902,2014 W L

1 8 95 a * ( D. . r 31 2 4 ( c s br u htu e t FatLa rS a a d Ac,
2 58 , t 2 E. Va Ma . , 01 ) i a e o g nd r he i bo tnd t s t
n
d stc c ur hed pe s lj id ci n o radee da c s who e o e pli ifi t
itit o t l rona urs ito ve
fn nt a e
mply d antf n he
saei whih t dititc ur s t.
tt n c he stc o t a)
N es a s r st t t
lon s e t ha , hough t G aveson D i son wasnotN es si ta choi e of
he l t
vii
lon' niil
c

f t d frnc t a ii lc iei notma ao ywhe t panifd sn o e tt a
orz eee e o n néa hoc s
m,
nd tr
n he litf oe ot bjc o
ta fr ctn Pe l v.To ofPrnc v l ,3 F.S pp 2d 6 4 6 ( . . . 2 0 )
rnse , i g zdns
i
wn
i e il 40 u . 2 , 28 M D N C. 0 4 .
e

Nes as a srst tnu r usc rsha ee pr sl rjce ar qlrme tt tp nn f
lon lo se t ha me o ou t v x e sy ee t d e l e n ha lidfs
i

1 d rj1 9 9 2, e u i p o rr< jdcadszc i whc asb tnil ato t e e so o sin gvn
Un e 3 1 $()v n e s rpe i < u iil ititn ih u sa t p t fhe v nt r miso s iig
la
a
zs t t c om oc tre '
ie o he l i c tr d.
'

4

m us e t ih a c nge i c r um sa es whe t y ty t tans e ve
t sabls
ha
n ic tnc
n he r o r f z nue fom t i i ta
r
her niil
f nm s lcéon.Se Ce r lHuds Gasand El .Co . Em r aN a e aSa aS. ,
ot' ee
e nta
on
ec
v.
es
vir nt A.769

F.S pp. 08 2 ( D. .1 9 )(r n ig pli fsta se mo a d n g c t wa
u 2 , 09 E. La 9 1 g a tn anéf' t n fr don n odn ou t s
f
f li t f c pa test pr ee i af um t ti i
unwilng o or e r i o oc d n or
ha s nconve e f a la t doe not
nint or l nd hat s

b s sz t i ee t ofjskesmpl be a s t pané fflds ii ta fz m frt
e t eve he ntz ss u t i y c u e he li f l ut n h t o u ls>
e
).
Fi ly,N e s a gues t t due t t m ea ngf lpr e e ofwines esi t G ave t
nal
lon r
ha ,
o he
ni u es nc
t s n he l s on
D i son a be a e t tanse wil not sgni nty i onve
vii
nd c us he r f r l
i hca l nc
ienc t def nda s
e he
e nt ,

c nsd r do ofj éc a c n nin ej tf t ta fr Mudp ewine s swho sw t
o i e a ns us e nd o ve e c usiy he t nse. l l t se
a he
wor pe f m ed by N elon and put i c l dve a don m embe s r i i t Sout r
k r or
s
atve olec
c
t esde n he
he n
D it tN es r sde i t Sout r Di ti tofTe , ndwhiedef nda sdo not N e s
sdc . lon e i s n he
he n stc
xas a
l e nt
, l on
a gte t t asl r c or tons t y pos e s a qua e hna ilr our es t de end t s
t z s ha , a ge om a i , he
s s de t
nca es c o f
hi
a
céon i any f u .Fi ly,N e s as e t t tt G ave t D i son i t fnexus oft
n
or m nal
lon s r s ha he l s on vii s he f
he

c t ve s 'oftnsc e, dn ha ,2011W L 55
ont o r y' li as Rocl
m
26092,a * be us as t nda pa tof
t 6, ca e ubsa l r
t e nt gi ng rs t t cnm s occ t i t Gave t Di son,i uci t a ua
he ve s vi ie o he li
ur ed n he l s on vii ncl lng he ct l
w or pe f m ed by N e s a t cas m e be s a t G aveson Di son wa t
k ror
lon nd he l s m r , nd he l t
vii
s he
ha de thi by t nat a diase s i t Sout r Di ti t of Te s wih wli h t cas
r s t
he ur l s t r n he
he n szc
xa t lc he l s
m e be swoz wasc
m r
k
once ne
r d.

D ef nda s r pond t tN es c e t s f um a ha t w a hi rght t
e nt es
ha
lon hos hi oz
nd s hus ved s i
o

o e tt i.S eHose lrv. l r ,No. 1 CV35 - HB- ,2 3 W L 4 9 7 ,a *
bjc o t e
tte Dia d
l
3:3
1W RHW 01
45 0 0 t 2

( D.Mis Au 2 ,2 3 (Gi n t tDee a fe ar s sve plal g p ir t
S.
s. g. 0 01 ) f ve ha fnd nt l d eponi e cn ro o
f
l
i
Pliéf' mo t ta frve ue a d gve De e a ' obe ton t ata frofve ue
an fs don o rnse n n i n f nd nts jci o tnse
n ,
t Cour fndst tPli ifsr ques f a ta f rofve i now untm ey.I t a ence
he
ti
ha antf' e
t or r ns e
nue s
i l n he bs

of c r lng Fit Cic t pr c nt t t contay, t Cot fnds t t pur ua t
ontoli
fh r ui e ede o he
r t he
ut i
ha
s nt o

Ol r i , anéf ha wav d li rg t obe tt ve e?.Dee a t dsg e ta no
bedn Pli f s ie ls iht o jc o nu .
) fnd ns ia re l t
z
c nge ofcr um sa esne be s
ha
ic t nc
ed
hown f N e s t s ur a ta f r ofve a ar
or lon o ec e r ns e
nue nd gue
t tno ne f ct or c nged cr k t sw a r nta ta f r now .See e.. M ot Phot
ha
w a s
ha
icunsance
ra
r ns e
,
o
o,

l c v. J Br a h s Ene ie ,I .No. 1
n . K.. o d urt tmrss nc, 30 CV22 21, 0 WL 29 7 9 a * ( D.
8 -.20 3
,
8 9 , t 3 N.
Te Fe 1 ,2 0 )rgn o d rt p e al apli fmu ts w ta crumsa e h ve
x. b. 0 0 3 fj r e o rv i anéf s ho h t ic tncs a
f
,
c a g dsnc t efl ofs i l. fn nt po nto t a t eca shc éo ofNes a
h n e i e h lng ut' Dee da s i ut h t h lsi a n
i
lon nd
t put dve c lc
he a
ole éve a
cdon m e be s a i pe nt c r t s i ba ed on t i ow n
m r s nde nde ontac or s s
he r

ale d polc e ,pz tc ,ors a z t twoul ha be n c ea e att i hea r e si
lge
ii s ac ies
t nda ds ha
d ve e r t d her dqua t r n
W i he tr m a ng W i
nc se , ki
nchese t ce e ofgr viy f t a don.
t z he nt z
a t or he c
Fi ly, def ndant cni t H ationbur Vig' ' i on baa e a f m or
nal
e
s l m hat
rs
g, r = a s
lnc
at
e

conve e f m .D e e nt e pl ed housng i pe t s f om am os e r s a e The
nint omx
f nda s m oy
i ns c or r
l t ve y t t . y
pe f m edt i wor alove t countp Tli f tm a sTe ano m or c
r or
het k l r he
r ns ac ke xas
e onve e f m
ni nt oru

f r lt to t a Vigni. Me n l, alz lv n o r don l d cso o c te a
o ikain h n r i a a whi l ee a t pe a a e ii ns c u r d t
e
def nda s cor a ehe
e nt ' por t adqua t r i W i heser a t i i hi ypr bl t tt bul
re s n nc t , nd hus t s ghl oba e ha he k
ofalr lvantdoc e sa wine s wilbe l t d t r .O n baance def ndant a s r
l ee
um nt nd t s es l
oca e he e
l , e
s se t

t a t j1 0 a fco sfvo liai hee
h t he 4 4() a tr a r ig t
t on r .
I .
V
T he c ' s s po r a on t t a f r ve
out ee
t
e s o t ns e nue t t Sout r D i t t ofT e i tas
o he
he n s dc
xas n li

c e.I ba a i t f c or a ply t de e= i whe he a ta f rofve i a oprat
as n l nc ng he a t s t a o t ne
t r r ns e
nue s ppr i e

u e j1 0 a, hec ur mus l kt t c n re eoft wi s e , h i ee t oft
nd r 4 4() t o t t oo o he o vez nc he me s s t e ntr ss he
i

paé s a tefi a l tstt o j dc . a aasAV LLC v.Fa e ok I .7 9F.
r e, nd h ar dniitai f us e Pr tz
n on
c bo nc, 6

S pp. d9 ,9 4- 5( . VaJ n. 7, 01 )I weglngt s fco s t c u tdo snot
u 2 91 9 9 . D. .a 2 2 1. n il hee a tz,he o r e
E
i
c ude t tt Sout z D ititofTe spr de a be t rorm or c
oncl ha he
he n stc
xa ovi s
te
e onve e f tm t
nint orz o

t p rist n t eW e tz Ditito Vigni. t Compan ma e ce r t s jc
he a te ia h se n stc f t i a As he
lit k s la, he ube t
m a t zoft sca er l est f m salove t county. e s alge ana
te
hi s eat o om
l r he
r N lon le s éonwi cole
de lcdve

a
cdon. ea t put tvecolec i a i m e be spe f m ed s r i esalove t c r ,
H nd he a i
l tve cton m t t oz
e v c l z he ounty
asde e
f ndant pr de s r i esa r st c
s ovi e v c c os he ountp ECF N o.1 a 3.Gi n t tm e be sof
r
,t
ve ha
m t
t sac
hi don a wine s t t m e ber ' oz wilcom e fom alo rt c
nd t s es o he m s w k l
r
l ve he ounty, e s s
r N l on'

de ie f um i t Sout n D it ofTe pr desa no m or conve e f um t n
st d or
n he
her
sdct
xas ovi
e
nint or
ha
any ot ti t na
he n he éon.SeeD e n FoodsCo.v.Easm a Che c lCo.N o.00 C 3675,2000
a
t n
mi a
,

WL 1 5 9 5 a * ( D.1 Oc.1 , 0 )(o l igt twhe winesswoudbecle
5 7 1 , t 4 N. 11 t 9 20 0 c ncudn ha, n t se
.
l ald
f om m a dif r nt sa es c
z
ny f e e t t , onveni
ence of t wines es net f vor nor dif vor
he t s
iher a ed
sa ed

ta fr.
r nse)
Furhe m or def nda sa e l t d he e a a eathom e he e. sde enda sa s t ,
t r e, e nt r oca e z nd r
r A
f
nt s e t
m a wines e who wilt siy a t t casii adon ofN e s and t put i c lc i
ny t s s
l e tf s o he l sfc
lon
he atve ole tve
a ton m e be sasi pe
ci
m r
nde ndentc t t s lket def ht 'e pl es lveand wor i
ontac or , i he enda s m oye , i
kn

a d ao ndWic e tr Vigna S eMl r v. tma e 5 F.S pp. 4 5 4 3 (
n ru
n h se, rii. e p z Busa nt, 47 u 2d 6 , 7 D.
ma i
Md.Aprl 1 ,2 8 (o e e e of t wine s s i t mos i ra fco i t
i 5 00 ) c nv ninc
he t s e s he t mpo tnt a t r n he
d tr nai n ofwhehe t ta frve e .Do u nt i t c to o d fnda t t t
ee mi to
t r o tnse nu ) c me s n he on r l f e e n s ha
m a be ofe e i o e de a e ke i W i he t t Vigi a Tt por i 10t wines e
y
fr d nt vi nce t pt n nc s e , t ni. ans tng 3 h t s s
a doc ent t Te swoul i pos sgnik a i onve e et def nt a wines es
nd
um s o xa
dm
e i i nt nc
ninc o enda s nd t s .
O f c s ,r xtng N es t ta t Vigi a i pos s sg fc i onve e e
ouz e eqlii
lon o z vel o r ni m
e iniiant nc
ninc

upon hi . N es c e t fl hi ca ehe eorg na l a t a f r a eTnota opra e
m But lon hos o le s s r ii ly, nd r nse s r f
ppr i t

wh r t ony j tfcéo i t s f t baa e ofi o ve e e fo on pat t
ee he l usiia n s o hit he lnc
nc n ninc s t m e ry o
a he . M ot Phot I . 2003 W L 298
not r'
'
o
o, nc,
799,a * W ihoutde i ng w hehe a pli if
t 4. t
c di
t r
antf
m us s
t how ac ngeofcz um sance t ta frvenueaferi tal flng i a c r an f lm ,
ha
ic t s o r nse
t niily li n e t i ora
t c utnot t t r hasbe n no s h change of cr um s a esi t sx i eveni
he ok
es hat he e
e
uc
ic t nc n he L nt t ng

m ont be we t da e N e s fl d hi s tand t dat he fl t i t ntm odon.
hs t en he t lon le s ui
he e led he nsa

Fi l ,tei eet ofj t ed no dcaet tt c u tta fzti ato t te
nal h ntrss usi o t itt ha he o t tnse hs cin o h
y
c
S t r Dit tofTe s f lv n c i rd i e lai tef tr sso j é e ae
ouhen sdc
xa.f e a t onsdea onsn vau tng h i eet fus c ' t
Re
n
t pe nc of a r l t d a i t cout' f n iirt wih t a i bl lw ; doc t
he nde y
e a e cton; he
ts a ala iy t he pplca e a
.
ke
condi
dons a es t pz nls t tl ghtha t bevi we t posi lt ofunfi til t
; cc s o e ies ha ni
ve o
e d; he sbiiy
a r ra; he
a lt t ) ot rpa tes and t pos i ' t ofhar s m e . N a
biiy o *
091 he ri ;
he
sbliy
l
a s nt' éonwi M ut I .Co.v.
'
de
. ns

Ovel k LLC,Cii No.41 c 0 6 ,2 1 WL 25 9 3 * ( D.Va J 1 ,20 0.
zoo ,
vl
:0 v 00 9 0 0
20 7 , 9 E.
. une 7 1 )
D urng a gu e ,couns lf N es r e e e a he c e conce ni sm ia is t
i z m nt
e or lon ef r nc d not r as
r ng i lr s ues hat
ha be fl i t Sout z Di ti tofTe by ahousngi pe ora f
d en ted n he
he n stc
xas
i ns ct nd orwhih alabiiy
c i lt

fnci wa is d;c
i lng s s ue ouns lf def nt r ponde t tt sca e de twih une pl e
e or enda s es
d ha hi s al t
m oym nt
benef a i lr l unr lt d.Couns f N es as a gu t tt G aveson Di son
ks nd s a gey ea e
el or lon lo r ed ha he l t
vii
hasno c i i ldoc a t m a be a et a e st sc em or qui y a e fc e l
rm na
ket nd hus y
bl o ddr s hi as
e ckl nd f i nty,
buta knowl d t t sdi son and t G aveson D i son f r nea l t s m ei t t s
c
edge hat hi vii
he l t
vii f e zy he a n e m
a
ofefii p' Couns f N es a s e es esno doubtt ta ti li tlsf m pos sno
fcenc '
el or lon lo xpr s
ha ta n li oru
e
rs of an unfi t l a does not e es c
ik
ar da , nd
xpr s once n t ga di ha a s e or t c ts
r e t ng t s m nt
he ouz '
f m ii iywih a ia e lw.
a lart t pplc bl a
Thecot f dsno r as t ta f rve t t Sout r D iti tofTe .
ut m
e on o r ns e nue o he
he n stc
xas
N es sm odon t t a f rve ,ECF N o. i D EN I .
lon'
o t ns e nue
27, s
ED
8

An appt i t Or wilbe e e e
opra e der l
ntr d.

ste: (vyw- w /y
nz (
ed
f f* 4 -4 /. V'S
+
A
-ZV
M i lF. r nsd
chae U ba l

Ch e Unie S ae Ditit u ge
if td tt s src l d

9