Barber et al v. JTEKT Automotive Virginia, Inc. et al

Filing 138

MEMORANDUM OPINION. Signed by District Judge Glen E. Conrad on 5/4/2012. (lab)

I THE UNI
N
TED STATES DI
STRI COURT
CT
FOR THE W ESTERN D I
STRI O F V I I I
CT
RG N A
ROAN OK E DI I ON
V SI
RO GER BA RBER,
ERI GODFREY,
C
ED D I SI M ON S, R .
E M
J ,
a
nd
RY AN Y OUN G ,

CL
ERKS OFFI U. . ST COURT
CE S DI .
AT ROANOKE.
VA
FI
LED

MA 2 i 2 1
Y
22
J
ULI C. UD
BY.

. LERK

D UF L RK
Y

Ci lA c i N o.7: c 00441
vi ton
09- v-

Pl i if ,
antfs
M EM O R AN DU M O PI O N
NI

J
TEK T A UTOM OTI E V I GI I , N C.
V
R NA I
a
nd
J
TEK T N ORTH A M ERI , N C .
CA l ,

By: H on.G l n E.Conr d
e
a
Chi U nie St t D it i tJ
ef t d a es s rc udge

De e nt .
f nda s
Thi ca e i ve hos ie wor e r nm e , a i ldi c i i i a t l 'l
s s nvol s tl
k nvi o nt r c a s r m naton, nd m awf
u
r t i ton c ai s br
e ala i l m
oughtby f bl c m a e a i tt i pr vi usem pl
our a k l s ga ns he r e o
oyerunde Til V I of
r te I

t Ci lRiht Ac of1 4,42U. C.jj200 e s ,a 42U. C.j1
he vi g s t 96
S.
0e, t eq. nd
S.
981.Thec s i
ae s

p e e tyb fr t ec ur o t d fn a t' to f rs mmayj d me t Fo t r a o ss t
rs nl eo e h o t n he ee d n s moin o u r u g n . r he e s n e
f t be o ,t co tw ilgr nti pa t nd den i pa tt def nt 'm oton.
orh l w he ur l a n r a
y n r he enda s
i
1.

Fact and ProceduralBackzround1
ual

The pl i t fs i t s c e w e e,a t tm esr l va t t sl s t e pl d by J
a n i f n hi as r t he i
e e nt o hi aw ui, m oye
TEKT

Autmoi Vigi a,nc.(ûTEKT',i Dae le, r ni z Pli ifRoge Bar r($ r r',
o tve r ni l I
J
' n lvil Vigi a. antf
)
r be $ be'
Ba )
abl kmae, hie byJ
ac l was r d TEKT i Augus 200 antf ErcGodfe (l rf',ablc
n
t 4.Pli if i
ry CGodfe ) a k
mae, shie byJ
l wa rd TEKT i J y2005.Pli ifRya Young(t
n ul
antf n
d
Young',ablc mae,was
' ak l
)
hied by J
r
TEKT i Augus 2005 a a tr q ti i Se e be 2006, asr hi e by J
n
t
nd, fe uitng n pt m r
w e rd
TEK T i
n

'

Thec tpr en st fct i t lg m os fvorbl t t plitfs t nonm ovi pa t Te r sFl
our es t he a s n he iht t a a e o he an if, he
ng ry. r y' oor

Faho .n v Bul go Id s.n .7 3F2 6 4, 0(t Ci.1 8 )
s ins lc. . ri tn n u .lc, 6 .d 0 61 4h r 9 5.
n

2
Pr o t iscl i i 201 , J
i r o t osng n 0 TEKT wasone oft manuf c urng l tonsf J
he
a t i oca i or TEKT Norh Am e i a.
t
rc
I , c i alo adeenda i t sc e.
nc.whih s s
f nt n hi as

S p e e 2 0 .Plitf Ed i Smmo s J. t mmo s' aba kmae wa hr db J
e tmb r 0 7 anif de i n , r (t
si n ', lc l, s ie y TEKT
)
i M a c 2008.
n rh
A.

Fact underl ng hos ie w ork envi
s
yi
tl
ronm entcl m s
ai

Att hea toft pl ntf s l ui i t ra l ga i t ta c tle ofr i ha a s e
he r he ai if ' aws t s hei le ton ha ultr
ac al r s m nt
a di c i i ton pe m e t d J
nd s rm na i
r a e TEK T' w o k e r m e dtrng t i e pl e w ih t
S r nvi on nt li he r m oym nt t he
Com pany.

1.

B arber

A c or ng t Ba be ' de ii t tm on J
c di o r r s poston esi y, TEK T e pl esf o a f iiy i
m oye r m ac lt n
J pa bot û a guys'a m e be soft ts
a nhé d
he
' nd m r
he çuppor c ew' r e r d s r ltm e t
t r ' ef r e eve a i s o
-

Gldi rBaia (t aia ') a he blc e oye ,a aS l y.S ( ke No.94- a
a my lsge : ls ge', not r a k mpl e s i ke ' Doc t
B
mor '
37 t
91 03. Howe r ac or ngt Babe ,hei nke 'e t t Ca awa 'afe Babe as d
-1 )
ve , c di o r r t '
mo y' pihes t ded y' tr r r ke
f
t J pa e e pl yee t sop a a t rhe r r e t i s t hi lne s r i or4 td.t93
he a nes m o s o t nd fe
epo t d he s ue o s i upe v s . L=a -

96. Babe c de i hi de ii t theddn rpo tt r ilsur t J
) r r once d n s poston ha i ot e r he aca l s o TEKT' huma
S
n
r s ur sd rm e a t tm et t y oc ure i t a t fr ttmet tBa be br c
e o ce epa t nt t he i hat he c r d- nse d, he is i ha r r oa hed

t tpi ofhaasme ordici nai wihJ
he o c
r s nt srmi ton t TEKT ma e ntwasonAprl21 2009.(Is
nag me
i ,
Ll

a 9 98; ke No.9 23,Ex.11 ) Furher e Babe t tfedi hi de ii t the
t 4, Doc t
27. t mor, r r esii n s poston ha
pe s nal ha no be n t br ofa r caly c r e har s m e tdurnghi e o e
r o ly d t e he unt ny a i l ha g d a s n
i
s mpl ym nt

wihJ
t TEKT.( cke No. 37a 1 )
Do t 94- t 00.

3
Th s alg t nsb Bab rtn b teoh rpanif a d srb difa aec ro rtdb te
ee l ai y r e a d y h te litfs s e cie nr) r orboae y h
e o
d p sto tsi n o Yo h Hahi d Ctls i d ', po u to ma a e a aJ
e o i n et y f s i s wa a lahwa a' a rd cin n g r t TEKT ma ua trn fcly
i
mo
)
n fcuig aii
t

iNaa Jyn.F rsvrl er, srcnl i20 9Hahwa ataeldt teJ
n r,aa o eea yasmoteety n 0 , si d rvle o h TEKTpati Daeil,
ln n lvl
e

Vignat l tu th wok r i po u t nmeh d .( c e No 9 - 1a 6. Du igHahi d ' vst, e
r ii o nsrc te res n rd ci to s Do k t . 43 t ) rn s wa as ii h
o
s

wo drfroteblc e o e a t n es'ejann ta h dds b cuetv ro ewa uigtetr '
ul ee t h ak mplyes st kyy x liig ht e i o eas < ey n s sn h em.
mo
'
e
'
(d a 9. Hahi d afr dta h h dn t e ndsil e b J
l. t ) s wa a fime h t e a o b e lcpi d y TEKTfrhiu eo tetr t n e . (d a
n
o s s f h em t k y' I .t
mo
'
1.
0)
4

Li s t cour not t tBals t tfedi hi de ii t tt r ilsur c s afe h
kewie he
t es ha
iage esii n s poston ha he aca l s ea ed tr e

rpo tdt est aint t eh ma r s u c sd p rme t ( c e No 9 - 4 a 2 0 .
e re h iu to o h u n e o r e e a t n . Do k t . 4 2 t 0 -01)
2

2.

G odf y
re

Godfe sde ii t tmony r veae s
r y' poston esi
e ld omeoft s m ei de st tBar r
he a nci nt ha
be
a e s i hi de ii G odf e t s ii d t tJ
ddr s ed n s pos ton.
r y e tfe ha TEKT m a ge sf om a f ciiy i J pa
na r r
a lt n a n

viie t Daevil plnta lughi yr erdt bl kwor r asç
std he l le a nd a ngl efre o ac
ke s s
monke .'( ke No.
ys' Doc t
94- a 1 ) Furhemor,Godfe sae t taVit mes ta lade nnme PhuocLe
29 t 43. t r e
r y ttd ha ena e e m e r
d

($ ' rfre t Baia ea aC n e ' (d a 1 5) Go fe as sae t a Letl h m
C ' eerd o ls g s t k y. L= t 1 . d ry lo tt d h t o d i
Le )
mo
'
t the w o d ne rbe a t m l a rbec us I TEK T don' t nk bl c m e m a good t m
ha
ul ve
ea e de
a eû
J
t hi
a k n ke
ea

la s' (d. t11 ) Howe r Le' haasi be vi di notsopa meel wods I ta
e der. l a 7.
'
ve, s r sng ha or d t t r y r . nse d,

i Se tmb r2 0 , d r ywin se Led lco syta e d t a ea wrpg iao n
n p e e 0 8 Go fe t e s d ç iiu l lk j uc tp nd a ) t r u d
ma
( ls g lsfc . (d. t48)
Baia e ' a e' 1 a .
'
A tone poi i hi de ii Godf e a tc a e ge r i d a s r i t the ha
nt n s pos ton,
r y r i ul t d ne alze s e tons ha
d

t e ntlig (TEKT)a o tLefry as' (d a 6 , . Ho v r ltri h sd p sto h
t e eln J
b
bu
o e r. I . t 5 71) we e, ae n i e o iin, e
'
c ede t the di notr por t t ls tpi i i nt'o J
onc d ha
d
e t he t iage a ng ncde 't TEKT' hum a r s c s
Ba
S
n e our e

de rme tt =a 11 and,f t nnor t thedi notrpo ta ha a s ntr ae c ens
pa t n j .t 6)
#
urhe e,ha
d e r ny r sme -eltd onc r
tJ
o TEKT mana me untla itr iw wih J
ge nt i n ne ve t TEKT ofi asonAprl2 2009.(#.t111
fcil
i 2,
J=a ,
'
Doc tNo. 21 Ex.71) I fc,Godfe e ane t tt r s t theha neve
ke
92- ,
. n at
ry xpli d ha he ea on ha
d
r
pr vi l r pored any r ci lc e nst t hu a r s c s de r m e w a t the '
e ous y e t
a a onc r o he m n e our e pa t nt s ha
t
was

s ae o ( s j ba d . . i ntwa tt ma eip b i ta ( e k e t n s' ( c e No 9 c rd f hi) o n . d d ' n o k t u lc h t h ) n w hig . Do k t . 4
'
29a 111) Godfe as t tfedt ti heha rpore t haa s ntt huma rs c s
t .
ry lo esii ha,f
d e td he rsme ,he
n e oure
depat ntwo dha çt d( Bowes(( we s',as r iora J
rme
ul ve iol CJ
r C
Bo r' upe vs t TEKTI lndt nli
)
, a he t
woul ha ma ihade f me.5 (#aat1 . Furhe e a r fom Le' c
d ve de t r r or ' J
'
04) t nnor, pa t r
s omme
nt
.

conc r ng J
e ni TEK T' a l ged s ntm e st a dsbl c t a l de s Godf e a fr e t tno
S le
e i nt ow r
a k e m ea r ,
r y f im d ha

Crcs tr 'weee rdiecedt r hi pes ly.(d. t11 )
ta ite ms' r ve r t owad m ronal I a 0.
5

Thec tno e t tBowe swasha ngat ra i , a ltrs lr a i hi wih J
our t s ha
r
vi
littous nd ae exua, eltons p t TEKT plnt
a

ma a e Ke Morw.( c e No 9 -5a l , c e No 9 - a 5 ; c e No. 4 3 a 3 .
n g r n ro Do k t . 42 t 5 Do k t . 426 t -6 Do k t 9 -4 t 2)
'

3.

Si m ons
m

Si lrt t t tm ony ofBar ra God r Si ons depostont tm ony as
mia o he esi
be nd
fey, mm '
ii esi
lo
f cus on t a l ge y ha as i be ort tw asdie t d t a d B a i age Si m ons
o ed
he le dl r s ng havi ha
r c e ow r
ls . m

o e v t tLefe ntyr erdt Baia asad
bsr ed ha rque l efre o ls ge
t
monke ' ( ke No.9 28a 71)
y.' Doc t
4- t .
Furhe m or ,Si m onsm e i d a ce t i phot r ph o Ba i a c a ni J pa s w rtng,
t r e m
ntone
ra n
og a f ls ge, ont i ng a ne e ii

t twa cr ul t a ound t J
ha s ic aed r
he TEKT plnt W he Si monsque toned aJ pa em mz ge
a .
n m
si
a nes
a r
co e ni t m ea ng oft wrtng,hema err ponde t t wrtngr pr s nt t
nc r ng he
ni
he ii t
nag es
d hat he ii e e e ed he

wor t
dd
monke ' (#=a 43. Si
y. J . t ) mmonsa sre t tt phoogrphpr
'
se td ha he t a oduce byt defndmzs
d he e t
i dic r i nott phot rpht tSi
n s ovey s he oga ha mmonss w a t pl t6 (d. Howe r Bals ge
a t he an . I )
ve , ia
afime i hi de ii n t tt phot a pr e by t def nda si dic r wa t
fr d n s posto ha he
ogr ph oduc d he e nt n s ove y s he

phoogrphi quesi ; ( ke No. 24a 238 )
t a n ton. Doc t 94- t -39.
Si m o a s t s ii d co r ng t Ba i a t pi i i nti Se e be 2008
m ns l o e tf e nce ni he ls ge a ng nc de n pt m r
-

a or ngt Si
cc di o mmons LewrppedtpeaoundBaia sfce, k,a chet (#=a 29.
,
a
a r
ls ge' a nec nd s. J .t )
W hen Si m ons a ke Le w hy he had t pe up Bals ge Le l ughi y r s
m
s d
a d
i a , a ngl e ponde t e 1 he i a
d, $ l, s
W

mol ' (d. W hieBaia wa siltpe up,Si
rkey. 1 ) l ls ge s tl a d
'
mmonsesore hi t t huma
c td m o he
n

r ouresde rme wheet ys kewihW a Hylon.td a 29 ) Si nssae
es c pa t nt r he po t nda t L= t -30. mmo ttd:

So Itl W a dat a Le (iltk st etp ,srpsi ao n Gldmy ' he d
el n h t e sc a e h a e ta t r u d a i rs a ,
a ound hi bod a I s i s t ng ne t be do a
r
s y, nd ad omehi
eds o
ne boutt t And pl
ha .
us
c le m o y,wha e r
a l d nke
t ve .
A nd t n s tt s a ound,t kes he ha t ke t t pe of Gl di yr s
he he tm r
a
r nd, a s he a
f a m '
he d, ou hi body, t hi on t ba k a s d,W el,e r
a ar nd s
pa s m
he c nd ai
l ve ybody pl ys 1 1
a . '1
t ke c r of i. A nd pus Gl m yrou t door
a ae t
hes adi
t he
.

(d.a 30. Si
I t ) mmonsase t t t i ta ofs pe ngordici i ngLe,Hylons Lebac
s red ha,nse d us ndi
s plni
t ent
k
t t pr
o he oduc i lne w he e he l ughe a utt i de f t ee da bef e he w a
ton i , r
a
d bo he nci nt or hr
ys or
s
6

The phot aph pr uc i di c r r pr e sa de o t a i o t pr
ogr
od ed n s ove y e es nt
m nsr ton n he operus ofequi nta
e
pme nd

c nan Jp n s a dEn ls tnn d srbigteo eaino tee uime t ( c e No 9 2 , s 5 ,12.
o tis a a ee n gih e s eci n h p rto fh q p n. Do k t . 2-0 Ex . 0 7 )
7

Thecour not t , a or ng t Ba iage he r quesed t be i t phot r ph a i f ct t the
t es hat cc di o ls , e t o n he
og a nd, n a , ha

<ies p sn frpcues. ( c e No. 42 a 2 0 41) F rh nn r, lsg sae t t ewa n t p e
tk l) o ig o itrll' Do k t 9 -4 t 4 - . u te o e Baia e ttd ha h s o u st
l
'
r g r i gt ep t g a hal rt eJ pa e ewrtn wa ta ltd it En l h f rhm .(d a 23 )
e a d n h hoo r p fe h a n s i g s rnsae no g i o i 1 . t 9.
i
s
4

tr n tdbyJ
emiae
TEKT.(d. t4 . we e,h dee d nsp it ot ed caaino Do
l a 0)Ho v r te fn a t on t h e lrto f n
Kni t J
gh , TEKT' Seni Ge r lM a ge o Empl eReltons who sa e t tt ,
S
or ne a na r f
oye
ai ,
t t d ha t e
l
i m e a e y w ass pende pe ng a i t g ton i o t m a t rand w a t nni t l s
m di t l
us
d ndi n nvesi a i nt he te
s e na ed e s

t nf t ei ( )hour a trt i ien.'( cke No.9 8at!8.
ha ory- ght 48
s fe he ncd t' Do t
2)
A c or i t Si m ons t r ci ly ha a sng a m os r a J
c d ng o m
, he a a l r s i t phe e t TEK T a f c e m or
fe t d
e

e ly e t a us Baia e Lea da oh rVit n s e o e na dP ilpHu n
mp o e s h nj t ls g . n n te en me e mply e me h li y h
(t 1 'ha t l uii dt tr û a ky't rfrt blc e oye s ( ke No.94d h') biualy tlze he em i c 'o e e o a k mpl e . Doc t
Huyr
bl
28
a 63. Furhemoe,Si
t ) t r r mmonstsiidt thehe r awhiefmaee oye s û edon'
etfe ha
ad
t e l mpl e ay,û
W
t
ne t do a hi Le t bl kysdoi. (d.a 69.
ed o nyt ng. t he ac
t' 1 t )
'
Si m onsal o t tted t tr c a l ha a s ng be vi rw a diec e pe s ly a hi .
m
s es ii ha a i ly r s i
ha o s r t d r ona l t m

Acc r ng t Si ons Huynh cal Si monsna ss h asû gge ,'l
o di o mm ,
led m
me uc
E
ni r' t
monke 'i ac '
y,'d ky,'
bl

a t ' t#za 57. Afe Si nsrporedt haa s ntt EdBrdly,J
nd s ' J . t ) tr mmo e t he rsme o
boy.
a e TEKT' huma
S
n
r s ce m a ge a t tm e,Br dl y s m pl pule Huynh of oft pr
e our s na r t he i
a e i y ld
f he oduc i lne a s
ton i nd poke

t hi brel (d.a 58. Thena -ali r ume a utt we ltr Si
o m ify. I t )
mec lng es d bo wo eks ae, mmonstsiid.
ette
(d. Howe r t r or co ansnoe de es esi t tt r umptvena c li was
l)
ve,he ec d nti
vi nc ugg tng ha he es i me-alng
e rrporedt t huma r our sde rme .Ta Niel Cû cey' ,awhiepr ton
ve e t o he
n es ce pat nt nya c y Ni 1 '
)
t oduci
wor r s t n it d Si mons c am s t tf ngt tHuy t e t N wor wih ...
ke , ubsa ta e m
' l i , esiyi ha
nh û d he
us
d t

Smmo s. . a o te e yd y e eyh u . ( c e No 9 - 5a 3 ) Nieytsiidt a s e
i n . . b u v r a , v r o r' Do k t . 4 3 t 9. c l etfe h t h
'
r por e Huynh' i s a na e c li ofSi m onst Bower ,butt tBow e s s m a iy
e td
s nce s nt m - a lng
m
o
s
ha
r um rl

dimisdNiel sc ant tli Niel t t woryabou i,ha' j thow ( hji.
s se c y' ompli ,elng c y t o r
not
t tt ts us
Huyn s'
'
(d.a 63. Howe r Ni l sae t t atrSi
l t )
ve, cey ttd ha, fe mmonsrporedt is t Brdly,Brdly
e t he sue o a e a e
t merg ou'andCt d't na -ali (d.a 40.
t
ca iht t' t oppe 'he mec lng. l t )
s
The de e nt t ke i s wih Si m o 't s i o c nc m i t har s i be vi
f nda s a s ue t m ns e tm ny o e ng he a sng ha or
t ta l dl w a diec e a hi pe s na l nii ly, he de e n ' poi t Br dl s
ha lege y s r t d t m r o ly.l ta l t
f nda t s nt o a ey'

de ii t si o i whih Br dl y sa e t t afe hes ke wih Huynh c
poston e tm ny,n
c a e t t d ha , tr po
t
once i
m ng
Si o 'r por ofnn e c lng,Br dly r po td ba k t Si mmons who s i t thewa
mm ns e t
m - ali
a e e re c o m
,
ad ha
s

: aife 'wihhow Brdlyha ha e t st ton.( ke No.94- a 63. Addii ly,
t tsid' t
s
a e d ndld he iuai Doc t
27 t )
tonal
t r or de ons r t s t t whe J
he ec d m ta e ha , n TEK T ofi i s tr ti e v e e Si m o o A prl21
fc al i s nt r i w d m ns n
i ,
2009,Si m ons m e i d not ng a
m
ntone
hi boutH uynh o a ot r e pl e r e rng t hi asa
r ny he m oye ef r i o m

( ig r' ra a( n y. ( c e No. 2 2 , 1 3)M o es e i l S mmo ddn t
t g e'o s s ke ' Do k t 9 - 4 Ex. 3 . r p ct l i ns i o
n
mo
'
ka y,
e e s y s a e t tany de oga or t r sha be n die t a hi pe s ly. Si m o a s
xpr s l t t ha
r t y em
d e r c ed t m r ona l
m ns l o
s a ed durng t Aprl2 1 i e vi w t tt na e- a lng c as afe Br e conf o e Huy
tt
i he
i
nt r e ha he m c li e ed t r adl y
r nt d
nh

i fc, i n prie Br de b saigta ty o c ntl ( a e lsp e e c i h r.
n a t Smmo s as d a ly y ttn h tû lu a el Brdly ' rs n e s e e'
g
'
(d. Si
I ) mmons de ii r prs nt t frttmet thealeg t ta r ile t t ha
' poston e e e s he is i ha
l ed ha ny aca pihes d
be n diec e a hi pe s ly, ha Huynh ha us d t t r s C gge ' a ( orke ' a t t
e r t d t m r ona l t t
d e he e m t
ni r' nd t t y,' nd ha
m
t na e c lng pe s s e a t rBr dl y s
he m - ali
r i t d f e a e poke w ih Huynh. The de enda sal o a s r t t afe
t
f
nt s s e t ha , t r

hi Aprl21i e viw,Si onsco a t t huma r our esde rmentandt a
s i
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pa t
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us
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l i or e a e ea ons but d
e t ha he m - ali
d es d.

4.

Young

Li hi ot rt e co- ai i f ,Y o alo t s ii t ta l r a ountofr c a
ke s he hr e pl ntfs ung s e tfed ha a ge m
a il

ani i t J
mus n he TEKT plntwa die t d t r Baia I hi de ii Young sa e t t
a
s r c e owa d ls ge. n s poston,
t t d ha
t c c a f om J pa viie t J
e hni i ns r
a n s t d he TEKT pl n i Dal vil a ca l d Ba i a a i onke '
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( ke No.94- a 211 3. Youngas s ofaphoogrphofBaia onwhih
Doc t
38 t -1 )
lo poke
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s me n h dwrte t ewo di n e . (d a 2 9)Ho ve ,i eSi n , u ga sre
o o e a i n h r t k y' I . t 0 . we r lk mmo s Yo n se td
t
mo
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t tt phot r ph pr
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og a
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e n s ove y
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wa r e ng.(Is
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Young t tfed i hi deposton t r alhar m entw as al o di ed athi and at
es ii n s
ii hat aci
ass
s rect
m
ot bl em pl
her ack
oyees. A ccor ng t Y oung,t Ja
di o
he panese t
echni ans r er ed t hi and ot
ci
ef r o m
her

ba ke l e sa ç a g tr 'a dç ai me es' (4 a 21 . Youngalo satdt tLe
lc mpoy e s t n se s' n i fa mb r.' 1 t 2)
g
M
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s t e ha
-.
.

t dhi ononeoc sont td a kpe edon' ma g t m lad s' (d.a 1 6.
ol m
ca i ha t c opl
bl
t ke ood ea e er.' l t 9 )
A c or ng t Y oung,J
c di o
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na m nt ef e o c w e
r r s e m e de ,

sa i f rexa e t tt boa d i a o t et tlse al oft tnm l a r lse Ba be as
t tng, o
mpl, ha he r n n fk ha it d l he e e de s it d r r

abascpr ucinwor rwhe i fc,Bar rwasat m l de .(d.a 17 ) You as
i od to
ke
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ng lo
men i d t thehad s n r i g a ft i t ba lr m sa t plnt i l ng t wor
tone ha
ee acal r fii n he tloo t he a , nc udi he d

S i g r' (d. t1 8) Ho v r Yo n a k o e g dta rca ga ft i t b t oo
t g e. 1 a 8 . we e , u g c n wld e h t a il r fiin he ahr ms
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wo dbepei c lyE cac o .'(d. Acc di t Young,hes f e pe s lyfom
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rodial s rthed ut' I ) or ng o
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r c a l ha a sng be vi rtloug t ac i ofBow e s hi s r s . Bower w a
a i ly r s i
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d a ial arcsy Yo ngtsiid (d a 4 ) Ho v r t s b tn it t sg n rlz d
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y
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r
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e oyee ,a fit tai hi pr ry.(#=a 44- ) Younga
mpl s nd al o r n m opel J .t 47.
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n s poston
t the ha ne rr pore a c e nst t h a r s ur s de r m e ort m a ge en ,
ha
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a ha ne rutlz d t a
nd d ve ii e he nonym o hel i as e tngt t i he ha s r pore hi c e ns
us plne, s ri ha, f
d o e td s onc r ,

heflt a h wo l ha el s hs o a dta hsc n e wo l h v f l no d a e r.( z
et h t e u d v o t ij b n h t i o c ms ud a e al n e f a s J .
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a 1 0 2 8 9)
t 9 , 0 -0 .
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Testm ony ofot w ines concerni t alegedl hostl w ork
i
her t ses
ng he l
y
ie
envi
ronm ent

Thepli if a s s
antfs lo ubmi i t r c d t s n de a a i ofM i ke Alen Campbe l
t n he e or he wor clr ton
c y l
l,
a blc J
a k TEKT empl
oyeewho wast r na e i Aug t2008.Ac or ng t Ca pbe l
e mi t d n
us
c di o m l,

Snumeouswor r a me sofmana me used i ppr it rcitlngua i l ng
k r
ke s nd mber
ge nt l ) na oprae a s a ge ncudi
t wor C gg rwihoutrprmand. Doc tNo. 4a !2. Ca
he d ni er' t
e i
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'( ke
94- t ) mpbela sre t t o t
l se td ha, n wo
oc s ons s r por e t us oft w or û gge ' t W iki on, he t n- a r our es
ca i , he e t d he e he
dç
ni r' o l ns t he hum n es c
8
The de enda spoi outt Young mentoned t tga t r' < afa ' e er esf t fr ttme i
f nt nt hat
i
he t ngs e 'and t i ' r f enc or he is i n
M
hi de ii he m a no m e i oft s sur i hi s n c r es fld wih t EqualEm pl
s postonde
nton he e l s n s wor ha g ie t he
oyment
Opport t Co m i son, he compl nt ort a e d c
tmiy m s i t
ai , he m nde ompl nt
ai .

7

ma ge ,bu ,t Campbel' knowldge W iki o t k no c r tveaci a i tt
na r t o
ls
e , l ns n oo
orec i
ton gans he

p r er tr.(d a !3) F rh r r , mp elsae t t efRo bn , p od cine gn e
ep tao s I . t . u temo e Cn b l ttd ha J f b is a r u t n ie r
o
ma a e wihwh m Ca elwo k dco ey o tne l y drcs lng a ea j k s td a
n gr t o
mpb l r e ls l, fe mp o e a ita u g nd o e . L. t
.
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a ntf s l o ubm t he wor c a a i n f
r
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ss
tr TEK T of e e D ow e f ltm e e pl e ,Dow e w a i or e t the w oul
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h v t sg ad c me tsaigta h t a t wo kS n a t g ttej b. ( c e No 9 - 7
a e o in o u n ttn h t e t d o r u d ys o e h o ' Do k t . 4 1
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a !3)Do sg dted c me t e a s h n e e t j b; o v r Do sae oh r
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j bt wok l h d t . (d.
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m aesa t p o ot t m ove e oye swho ha be n t r a whie,pa tc a l blc
l nd hen r m ed he
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lon tt he t omot ne he t uys nse d. l t ) c di o lon,
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hea
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hes ul d opt c ai orelehei d tha aj ' (d. t!8.
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( c e No 9 1 a ! 3 4. Cr ihe dsae t a a o tca fo J p nma et ehrng
Do k t . 4- 9 t ! - ) ag a ttd h t n fi il rm a a d h ii
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a pia t we eb a ko wht .(d a ! 5 6. Ac o dn t Crihe d t J p eo fca
p lc n s r lc r ie I . t ! - ) c r i g o ag a ,he a mws fiil
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a n if l o ubm t he w n ec a aton
wn
e , a k TEKT
em pl . A cc di t Hunt r J
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e , TEK T m ana m e f t r a pr c i ofr m ovi bl k
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em pl sf om t i postonsa w ihoutr a on, e s gni t m t m or phys c ly
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nd, t
e s r as i ng he o
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i al

dema ngpostonsa t Daevil plnt ( ke No. 22a !3. o Mach2009,
ndi
ii t he l le a . Doc t 94- t )Ar und r
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er s
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ch, c r ng o

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t

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e ton
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b n ft.( k t 9 - a !3 ) Fu temo e t ed fn a t p itt e ie c idc t
e eis Doc e No. 2 8 t 2. rh r r ,h ee d n s on o vd n e n iai
ng
t t afe H unt rc pl i d a
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e om a ne boutt r as i e , a e i tga e t m a t ra
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Hune oft r a o be ndt ta fr ( cke No.9 27a 73 ) Brdlyt nofeed
tr he e s ns hi he rnse . Do t
4- t -74. a e he fr

Hu e ar sinme bac t hi prvi posto butHuntrr s nde û ' fnehe ej t
ntr ea sg nt k o s e ous iin,
e epo d,s m i r ,us
l
la mehee. (d.a 74.
e ve
r' 1 t )
'

6.

O t r e de e i t r or
he vi nc n he ec d

Se r lda a t Bals et pi i de , TEKT e f c i l o ha e is
ve a ys her he iag a ng nci nt J
f e tve y ver ul d t
m a ge e i s ve a key a ea oft pl nt A spa toft s ove ha ,J
na m nt n e r l
r s he a .
r
hi
r ul TEK T of i al f c d
fci s or e

Li W iki on,t t nnda l ns he he humanrs ur e ma e ,or in.( ke No.94- a 11. l
e o c s nag r t esg Doc t
39 t ) n
t m e tng i w hi J
he e i n
ch TEK T ofk i l i or e W iki o oft rde s on,W iki on w a
t a s nf m d l ns n hei ci i
l ns
s

pr e e wih al tert tpr ded,i pe tne tpa t
es nt d t et ha ovi
n ri n r:
Thes c lnge i ude . . . o a lt t sabii e t wor or e due t
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Afe c i rng t mat rve y c r f l weha decded t twe mus
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hos nd
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( cke No.9 1 )Att tmeoft me tng, iki onwasunawar oft Baiagetpi
Do t
4- 3.
he i
he ei W l ns
e he ls a ng
i i ntand,f t r or w a unawa e ofa c pl n s ofr c alha a s e ordi c i i ton
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a t plntdu i he tnur ( ke No. 39a 1 9,32 )JTEKT rplc W iki on
t he a rng r e e. Doc t 94- t 8-1 -33.
e a ed l ns
wihBrdly.(
t a e Docke No. 27a 9 0.
t 94- t -1 )
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r fe , n a r
TEK T c
onduc ed a m a t y di r iy ta ni i w hi h
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nda or ve st r i ng n
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he
ny e e d t m o s t
l m oym nt
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r s nt
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polc es9 Att t a ni , e pl eswer e ur ed t c a tt h a r s lce
ii .
e nco ag o ont c he um n e otr s
9

J
TEKT' e le plymentopporuniya haasm e polc pr vi d, i pe tne pa t
S qua m o
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r om ted o nt ni
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, ncudi s rm naton r r s menton t bassof
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a y ca sp o e tdb lw; a ) eaito f re g gn i p o e t d a tvt . .
n l s r tce y a gnd r t l in o n a ig n r tce ci i . .
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de t nto o he m a er wih a ha a s e tordic i i ton c
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s rm nai once ns Empl swe e
r .
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s e nde ha , n a l
TEKT ha e tbls aheplnet o whi h e oye s
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l e t onc ns o hid- ry e v ce
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d s ( c e No. 4 3 a 1 -1 ; c e No 9 27a 2 ' c e No. 2 8a ! 1 .
e k. Do k t 9 - 4 t 4 5 Do k t . 4- t 3 Do k t 9 - t 1)
,
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A fe r c vi t s r por , TEKT i m edi t y l unc an i tga i i w hi h
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111(i) Iaasn n
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ki nvionm t

( c e No. 2 1 , .1 .
Do k t 9 - 8 Ex 1)

J
TEKT' Em pl e Ha
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t hat y ol e hi iy, e e
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Res c s De rm e i meditl ...t i o t Co pa oft compl nt Appr it
our e pa t nt m
aey
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nvesi ton
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Al r t wil be r f re t Hum a Re oures f i tga i r ew or oter
l epors l
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h
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omptcorec i a i r as bl desgned
r tve cton e ona y i
t end t vi ain a t pr ve any f t vi a i fom occ rng. Such c r tveaci
o
he olto nd o e nt
urher oltons r
uri
oreci
ton
m a i l dici i r a ton a i ta
y ncude s plna y c i gans nyone f
ound t ha vi ae t s polc up t a
o ve oltd hi
iy,
o nd
i l ngi edit tr na i ofempl
ncudi mm ae e mi ton
oyment
.

(d. At h tmeo t erhrn e c o t eplitfssg e a k o e g me t c ri n t err c ita d
l ) t e i f h i iig, a h f h an if in d c n wld e n s e tf g h i e ep n
yi
u d r tn i go t s p l is ( c t 9 - 7a 2 - 7. c e No 9 - 9a 3 - 1 Do k t . 4- 8a 21
n e sa d n f he e o i e . Do ke No. 4 3 t 3 2 , k t . 4 2 t 0 3 ; c e No 9 2 t c
Do
23 Do k t . 4 38a 6 - 4.
*
, c e No 9 - t 0 . )
6

c
ompanyofi i sc
fcal onduc e walt wal i e vewsofa1 e pl es1 scheduld addii
t d l-o- l nt r i
l m oye , 0
e
tonal
m a t y di r iyta ni a i taedt pr e sofupda i r publs ng,a cic a i
ndaor ve st r i ng, nd niit he oc s
tng, e ihi nd r ultng

t c ny' e le oyme oppo t t a haasme polcis ( ke No. 8,Ex.
he ompa s qua mpl nt runiy nd r s nt i e . Doc t 92B. I a tont i tai isown i enali siai J
) n ddii o niitng t
ntr nvetg ton, TEKT e itdt adoft
nlse he i he
Bott tCount SheifsDe rme (s rf sOfie' t i tgaeW oolol s
eour
y rf
pa t nt E if fc ' o nvesi t
she
l
f k'

alg to s (d; c e No. 4 2 a 2 . Ho v r W o lokp o e lr eyu c o e aiea
le ain . I .Do k t 9 - 7 t 7) we e, of l r v d ag l n o p rtv s
t She ifsOfi atmptdt i e ve hi i rltont hi alegai .1 ( oc No 92he rf
tce te e o ntr iw m n eai o s l tons1 D ket
8,
.

Ex. Doc tNo.9 33a 87. Thee fe,onAprl22,
B; ke
4- t ) ra tr
i 2009,J
TEKT andW oolol a e dt
f k gre o
s tl hi cli a onM a 1 2009,hepa te e c e t s tlme a e me .( ke No.
ete s am nd,
y ,
t ris xe utd he ete nt gre nt Doc t
92- a ! 1 -21)
8 t! 9 .
On M a 1 t s m e da t tJ
y , he a
y ha TEK T a W oolol e ut d t s tl m e a e m e t
nd
f k xec e he e te nt gr e n ,

Baia erp re t hstn la e t a h h dr c ie a; ae' oe 1 ( c e No. 2 8a !
ls g e o td o i e m e d r h t e a e ev d ( t'n t.2 Do k t 9 - t
h
22;Doc tNo. 24,Ex.1 4. Agan, TEKT i di eyco a tdt SheifsOfiea
ke
923) i J
mme atl ntce he rf fc nd

arn e f rBaia ea doh rwin s e t beitr iwe ( c e No 9 - a !2 ; c e
ra g d o l g n te t e s s o ne ve d. Do k t . 2 8 t 3 Do k t
s
s t' en
ocke Docke No.
No.9 27,Ex.1 6. The onM a 7,3Ni el f
28 ) n,
y 1 c y ound aShae'not i herl r (
t
.

92- a !24.Docke No. 24,Ex.1 ) J
8t ,
t 9236. TEKT a i co a tdt a horte f t i
gan ntce he ut iis or her
a s s a e. A fe an e ens ve i tga i Ba i a w a a r s e a l t rco e s t
s it nc
tr
xt i nves i ton, ls ge s r e t d nd a e nf s ed o
1
0

The ei e viwsu a t d an
s ntr e ne rhe umbe ofis t t a or ngt t defnda s had o uredmany
r sues ha, cc di o he e nt,
cc r

mo tsb frh n a dha no b e pe iu l rp re ( c e No. 2 8a !28)No o l ddtepanif
nh eoe a d n d t e n rvo sy e o td. Do k t 9 - t . t ny i h litfs
r por du i t s it r e st ge alc tr ofr ci ha a s e t ale dl pe m e t J
e t rng he e n eviw he ner ulu e a al r sm nt hat lge y r aed TEKT,b Babe ,
ut r r
Godfey,a Y o r t durngt i e ve st tt y ha bee t vitm sofdicrm i ton i t f m of
r nd ung epored i he ntr iw ha he d n he ci
s i nai n he or
vai a ree pl e aci .Thes ii fcsu l ngt ei vi lcam sofr aldicrm i ton
rous dves m oym nt tons
pecfc a t nderyi hes ndi dua li
aci s i nai
w ilbedic s d i r Al f oft pli if tl c r wiht EqualEm pl entOppo tniyComm ison
l
s us e nfa. l our he antfs ied ha ges t he
oym
ru t
si

beo eisi t gteisa ts i.Do k t . 22 Ex. 7 Do k tNo . 48 9 - , 4-3)
fr n tui h n tn ut( c e No 9 -2, 7 , c e s 9 -, 4 9 9 2 .
t n
.
1
1

Eve ualy, bot J
nt l
h TEKT ma ge e a t SheifsOfi de opeddoubt r ga di t veact of
na m nt nd he rf' tce vel
s e r ng he r iy

W o lok' cams ( c e No 9 2 a 4 - 3)
o f l s li . Do k t . 4- 7 t 2 4 .

'
2
AsofM a 1 2009,J
y ,
TEKT wasc i ngt r po t teW oolol i i nt by wor ngw ih l
ontnui o es nd o h
f k ncde ,
ki
t aw
enf ce e au horte ,i e vi ng al e pl yees a r bls ng a s dulng tai ng ise
or m nt t iis nt r ewi l m o , nd epu ihi nd che i r ni t quale pl
m oyme
nt
oppo t t a haas mentpolci ,a r publs ng ise
runiy nd r s
i es nd e ihi t quale plym e opporuniy.Furhe mor ,J
m o nt
t t
t r e TEKT had

pose a$2, r wa d f a
td
500 e r or nyonewho f r s dt compan wih i or tonconc ni t i ntt oft
unihe he
y t nf mai
er ng he de iy he

c lrtb hn teWo lokicd n.( c e No 9 -0 Ex 49)
up i e id h ofl n ie t Do k t . 22 , . .
1
3

M a 7,2009, a t day t tJ
y
w s he
ha TEKT he d ismanda or tai ng r gar ng is ha a s enta
l t
t y r ni e di t r s m
nd

dic i i to polcisi t wa oft W oolol i i nt
s rm nain i e n he ke he
f k ncde .

12

a to igt eM a 1a dM a 7n t s ( c tNo 9 - 6 Ex.1 6) OnNo e e 1 , 01 ,
uh rn h y n y oe . Do ke . 2 2 ,
6.
v mb r 8 2 0
Bals gepl d guit i Bott t
ia
e
ly n e our Count Cic tCour t at i t obt n mone by f le
y r ui
t o temptng o ai
y
as
pr t ns s Att tm e ofB a i ag s g ly pl ,bo h Godf e a Si m ons w e e pr e i t
ee e .
he i
ls e' uit ea t
r y nd m
r es nt n he

gale yandalege yt e tne Balsge.( ke No. 24a 1
lr
l dl hrae d ia Doc t 94- t 66-74. Howe r bot
)
ve, h
Godfe a Si
ry nd mmonsde t salgai ( cke No.9 29a 1 -84;Doc tNo.9 28a
ny hi le ton. Do t
4- t 82
ke
4- t

21 -1 . Th r atr Baia ewa sn e c dt atr o i ac r to t b f lo db atr
6 7) e e fe , ls g s e tn e o em f nc re ai n o e o lwe y em
ofpr ton. Ba i a w a r l a e f om i r e a i on M a 11, 1,a w a t n pi ked
oba i
ls ge s e e s d r nca c r ton
y
201 nd s he c

up by t I i ai n a N aur lz ton Se vce whih hed Ba ia a ade e i f ciiy.
he mm gr to nd t a ia i
r i , c l ls ge t t nton a lt

( ke No. 24a 20 ) OnAugus 1 2011 Bals gea rdaganbefr t Cic t
Doc t 94- t -22.
t , , ia ppeae i o e he rui
Cour ofBot t tCount o a m oton t m odiy hi s n e e. Dur ng t hea i Ba i a
t
e our
y n
i o
f s e t nc
i he rng, ls ge

i i td Si onsa t m a t r nd be nd t ( ae' e s he 4 a alegai n t t
mplcae mm
s he se mi
hi he $ t 'not s c mel- n l to ha
h

Si
mmonsde e .( ke No.94- 6'Do tNo.9 28a 21 -1 )Att c l i oft
nis Doc t
1 , cke
4- t 4 6. he oncuson he
he rng,hec te nae Bals ge' pr to ( ke No.94- 6.
ai t our tnni td ia s obain. Doc t
1)
B.

Fac s unde l ng r i ldi cr m i i c ai s
t
r yi ac a s i naton l m

Apa tfo t pli if 'ale tonsr r ng age r c t eofr i lha as me ,
r r m he antf s lga i ega di
ne al ulur
ac a r s nt
tle o t pl ntf sc a m t tJ
lr e f he ai i f l i ha TEK T t k r ci ly di c i i t y a r e e pl ym e ac i
oo a a l s r m na or dve s m o nt tons
a i tt m .
ga ns he
1.

Barber

Ba be t tfe i hi de ii t tJ
r r esi i d n s pos ton ha TEK T di c i i t d a ns hi by de ng hi
s rm na e gai t m
nyi
m
c r a n pr oto a by u a r y de otng hi . W ih r s tt t de a ofpr m oton
e t i om i ns nd
nf il m i
m
t e pec o he ni l
o i
c a m s Ba be a l ged i t c pl i t t c r r t c pa polc J
l i , r r le
n he om a nt ha , ont a y o om ny i y, TEKT f ie t pos
al d o t

va i j o ni a i ta ha c de oyee ,g nerlywhiee o e ,t fl t
rous ob pe ngs nd,nse d, ndpike mpl s e al t mplye s o ilhe
o ngs ( ke No. 1a ! 1 ) I hi de ii Ba be fie t i ntf a s cfc
peni . Doc t 2 t 2. n s poston, r r ald o de iy ny pe ii
1
4

Pr ort t salega i , Bai geha mai ai c it tyt theaoneha ace a t a c t toft
i o hi l ton lsa
d nt ned onssen l ha
l
d td s he r hiec he

n tssh me ( c e No 9 2 )
oe c e . Do k t . 4-4.

postont the l tt ough t ha c ng s tm . l t d,het tte t t whiehe o e ve
ii ha
os hr
he ndpiki yse nsea
esii d ha , l
bs r d

t sha piki prci afe tohe pe e idi notafec hi pes l ( ke No. 37
hi nd c ng a tce f c t r opl,t d
f t m ronaly. Doc t 94at87.
)
W ih r s c t hi unf rde oton c ai ,Ba be t tfed t the w a de ot d fom t
t e pe t o s ai m i l m
r r es ii ha
s m e r he
pos ton ofTe m Le de oft AD Li t t pr
ii
a
a r he
ne o he oduc i c r de m e . A c di t
ton ontol pm
nt cor ng o

Ba be , r c i d no tani a trhe waspr
r r he e e ve
r i ng fe
omot t t a lad a t r f e, e c o
ed o e m e er nd, he e or r a hed ut

tJ
o TEKT ma me t s c es h tani (i a 5
nage nt o e ur uc ri ng. 1 t 4-55,61 ) Howe r J
-65.
ve, TEKT
m a ge e tf ie t gi hi t t a ni he s
na m n a l d o ve m he r i ng
oughta i f c ,g hi c l c i or e s
nd, n a t ave m ont i tng d r

c nc migh s o r s o i l is (d a 6 . Afe sv rl n h o no rc ii gt etann
o e n i j b e p nsbite . l . t 3) tr e e a mo t s f t e ev n h ri ig
i
ta h n e e , r e wa d moe a r pa e b awht fmae ( =a 6 - . Th
h t e e d d Bab r s e td nd e lc d y ie e l. J t 6 69) e
#
de e nt poi tt e de i t r co d s
f nda s n o vi nce n he e r ugge tng t tBa be w a de ot d due t
s i ha r r s m e
o

s b tn adj bp ro ma c .( za 5 5 - 6 5 , 0 61 6 -6 )
u sa d r o ef r n e J . t 0, 5 5 . 8 6 - , 3 4.
#
2.

Godf y
re

Godf e t tf e i hi de ii t tJ
r y es ii d n s poston ha TEK T dic i i t d aga ns hi by de ng hi
s r m na e
i t m
nyi
m
c r a n pr otons Acc di t Godf e he a ple f a num be oft am l a rpostons
e t i om i .
or ng o
r y, p i d or
r e
e de
ii

durnghi tnur wiht c ny.( ke No. 29a 94,1 ) J
i s e e t he ompa Doc t 94- t 39. TEKT ma e nt
nag me

itr iwe Go fe f rtepo iin a dtl hm ta dhe g v t be tn eve a dmo e
ne ve d d r y o h sto s n o d i h tl l a e he s itr iw n r
g
t nlkey ( jhadat m la poston. (#za 1 ) J
ha i l he
ea e der ii ' J . t 39. TEKT mana me aloi or d
'
ge nt s nf me
Godfe t tt hii de iinswo dbemad ba e on sni iy.(d. t1 ) Howe r
ry ha he rng cso
ul
e s d e ort I a 48.
ve ,
depieGodfe ssni iy,J
st
r y' e ort TEKT ga t tam l de postonst whiee oye s (d.a
ve he e ea r ii o t mpl e . I t
47. The e fe,Godfeya idf abac pta la rpostonwhihwasfle byawhie
) r a tr
r pple or
ku e m e de ii
c
ild
t
e oye overwhom Godfeyha s ni iy.td a 1 -48.
mpl e
r d e ort L= t 47 )
The de e nt poi tt e de i t r or s
f nda s n o vi nce n he ec d ugge tng t to oft t nm l ade
s i ha ne he e e r

postonsf whih Godfe a pledwasgi nt Babe, sc pl ntf.( ke No.92-2,
ii or c
ry p i
ve o r rhi o- ai if Doc t
2
14

Ex.1 )Thedee t f t rsaet tGodfe wa no hiedfrt postonsi quesi
05.
fndan s urhe tt ha
ry s t r o he ii n ton
duet hi lc ofmait nc e re e.( ke No.9 36a 52. Thedee nt aloa sr
o s ak
nena e xpeinc Doc t
4- t )
fnda s s se t
t tJ
ha TEKT ofe e G odf e a t a l ad poston on t s c
fr d
r y e m e er ii
he e ond s f , tt tG o r y de lne
hi t bu ha df e c i d

t ep sto d et fmi r s nsbite .( c e No 9 - 4a 3 - . Ad iin l ,h
h o iin u o n l epo i l is Do k t , 4 3 t 9 40) dto al te
y
i
y
de e nt poi t t pori oft r co d t ts w st ta f c ltest hni i n pos ton was
f nda s nt o he ton he e r ha ho ha a iii ec c a
ii

ce tds cfc lyf rGo fe a dgve t hm wi ar ie ( k t 9 - 6a 5 ; c e
rae pe iial o d ry n i n o i t as . Doc e No. 4 3 t 2 Do k t
h
No. 29a 73. Howe r Godfe ase t i hi de ii t tt spr in i ve a
94- t )
ve , ry s red n s poston ha hi omoto nvol d
l sdeia eposton.( ke No.9 29a 1 )
es srbl ii Doc t
4- t 42.
3.

Y oung

Y oung t s ii d a hi de ii t tJ
e tf e t s poston ha TEKT di c i i t d ag ns hi by f c ng hi t
s r m na e ai t m
or i
m o

r i on t s pa aeocc i ,by unf il d yi hi ac ti pr
esgn wo e r t
asons
ary en ng m era n omoton,a by f ii t
i nd
alng o
honorhi wih a hi ve e a a ds W ih r s c t hi r i na i n cl m s Y ot g t s ii t t
m t c e m nt w r . t e pe t o s es g t o ai , m e tfed ha
J
TEK T unf ry f c d hi t r s gn durng bo h ofhi t r s ofe pl e w ih t c pa
ail or e m o e i
i
t
s em
m oym nt t he om ny.
The r c d s
e or ugge t t t durng Y o
s s ha , i
ung' fr tt r ofe pl e ,J
s is e m
m oym nt TEK T t r i t d hi f
e m na e m or

atnda is .( ke No.94- a 38-39;Doc tNo.92- 8,Ex.6. Howe r Young
te nce sues Doc t
38 t
ke
1
)
ve,
t tfe a hi de ii t the w a f r e t r i a t rBo e s hi s r s , aie t
es ii d t s pos ton ha
s o c d o esgn f e w r , s upe vi or f l d o

ac wldgedoco s notst tYoungt ne i t a c f hi abs es ((sa 43 )
kno e
tr ' e ha
ur d n o c ount or s enc . Ll t -44.
W ih r s c t hi s c t r ofe oyme , her c d s
t e pe t o s e ond e m
mpl
nt t e or howst tYo r sgne a trhe
ha ung e i d fe

rt nedapostved ugt t ( ke No. 20,Exs 36,38. l t c an,Yo aleg
eur
ii r es. Doc t 92.
) n he omplit ung l ed
t tawhieempl whoha as f ldad u ts wasnotr uie t r sgn.(
ha
t
oyee
d lo aie r g et
eq rd o e i Docke No.
t 21

a ! 1 ) Howe r Youngltrconc de i hi de ii t ta1oft e oye whofie
t 7.
ve ,
ae
e d n s poston ha 1 he mpl es
ald
t ts cii dr ts weete tdt sme i t te r l tt ij .( ke No.9 38
ha pe tc ug et r rae he a ,n ha veyone os her obs Doc t
4a 1 1)
t 49-5 .

15

W ih r pe tt hi de alofpr to cli ,
t es c o s ni
omo i n am Young a s re a hi de ii t the
s e td t s poston ha
wa unf ry de e apr oto ba ed o hi r ce Ther co d de onsr t t tYou a id
s ail ni d om i n s n s a .
e r m ta es ha
ng pple

f raKaz n 5tcmiinp sto a tr e o sypef r n wo ko aKaz np o e t
o
ie 1 e l ca o iin fe prviu l ro mig r n
ie rj c.
( c tNo.9 38a 9 ) J
Do ke
4- t 2. TEKT di notofe You a i eviw and,i t d,ga t
d
fr ng n ntr e
nsea ve he
Kaze postont anohe a i nt (d. t90. I fc,Youngt tfeda hi d iint t
i n ii o t r pplca . I a ) n a t
esii t s eposto ha,
upon lar ng ofYoung' a ia i f t Kaie posto hi s r ior Bowe s t e t ne
e ni
s pplc ton or he z n ii n, s upe v s ,
r , hr a e d

t tr n t h se o me t 1 . t . Th r c r s g e t ta W ikn o ,h h ma
o emiae i mply n .(d a 48) e e o d u g ss h t lis n te u n
r s r sm a era t tm e,r nke t a i n sf rt poston, a ng pa tc a w e g
e ou ce
nag t he i
a d he pplca t o he ii pl ci
ri ul r i ht

ons ort atnda e, khitr a knowldgeofKaze ( ke No.9 39a 41 )
eni iy, te nc wor so y, nd
e
i n. Doc t
4- t -42.

Ac o dn t W i i o Yo n sp i r so yo p o atn a c labs l tl'pa e ar l i
c r ig o l ns n, u g' ro hit r f o r te d n e t l o uey' ly d oe n
k
g
he de ii t rnkYoungl rt nohe c nddaes (#. t42.
r cson o a
owe ha t r a i t . J=a )
Yot a s a l ed i t c
mg lo leg n he ompl i t tJ
ant ha TEKT dic i i t a i thi by f lngby
s rm naed ga ns m
aii

r c g iehm frh sln o aie' fo t o t eKaz np o e t e t ec mp n ee tdt
e o nz i o i t n v tv 'ef rs n h ie rj c wh n h o a y lce o
i
r wa dt wht e o e sf rt i ef rso tesmep o e t ( c t 21a !21) Th
e r wo i mply e o her fo t n h a rj c. Do ke No. t . e
e
def nda st ke i s w ih Young' a s r i t tJ
e nt a s ue t
s s e ton ha TEK T' de i i nott r
S c s on
o ewar hi w a bas d
d m s e
on hi r e r f r nc ng t por i oft r co d de o ta i t tG odf e r ce ved t e s h
s ac , e e e i he ton he e r m nsr tng ha
ry e i
hr e uc

a r .( cke No. 38a 1 1 )
wa ds Do t 94- t 8 -83.
C.

Factsunderl ng ret i i cl m
yi
alat on ai

The pl i if a s tt tt de e nt cl e t Dal vil pl nti r t la i n f t r
a ntf s s er ha he f nda s os d he e le a n e a i t o or hei
com pl nt o r i ha as m e a di c i i ton. The r c d r l c st t a ound t s m e
ai s f ac al r s nt nd s r m na i
e or efe t ha , r
he n
tm e t tJ
i ha TEK T a r e t s t l W oolol scl i s H i a hi e M a tM a s , e i nto J
g e d o e te
f k' a m , s s g
t t ui pr s de f TEKT
N orh Am erca,s an em ai t JTEKT ofici si w hi M at uiexpr
t
i ent
lo
t al n ch
s
essed hi desr t expl e
s ie o
or

t pos i lt ofcl i t D al vil pl t l ea e ha e t s c r f l La tw e k,we ha
he s biiy
os ng he e le an : i s ndl hi a e uly. s e
pl
ve
1
5

Etai n' i a J nes t r r f r i t i l ophy orpr tc st tf
< ze ' s apa e e m e e rng o ç os
l
phi
ac i e ha ocusupon c i
ontnuousi ove e
mpr m nt

o p o e s si ma ufcu i , n i e rn , . a d b i e sma a e n . ( c e No 91a l n 5)
f r c s e n n a trng e g n e i g . . n usn s n g me t' Do k t . t 8 . .
'
16

ta eldt (TEKT' p a ti Dae ilj a l a etidt c lult h w bgi c wec ud
rv le o J
S ln n lv l , nd h v re o ac ae o i mpa t o l
e
ha efo ta se i gttl od cin fo VA t (n t e J
v r m r n fn n o a pr u to r m
o a oh r TEKT fclt i Te n se l'
a ii n n e s e .
y
'
( ke No.9 6. Thepli if as a sr t tafe t Dae leplntcos di 201
Doc t
4- )
antfs lo se tha, tr he lvil a l e n 0,
J
TEK T m oved s e ofisD a e le e pl yee t t Te nes ee f c lt how e r no o t
om
t l vil m o s o he n s a iiy;
ve , ne f he
pl n if orot rpe s who fl r c alha a s e c pl i sw e e of e e s h
ai tf s
he r ons
ied a i r s m nt om a nt r f r d uc

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mpl e' k ror nc '' i s
amondAut Gl s 242F. 1 1 ( hCi.
o as,
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2 01 (u tn Lis uv. Fo dS r .I c, 5 F.d 1 7 1 3( t Ci.1 9 ).
0 ) q o ig sa S. o e v.n .1 9 3 7 , 8 4h r 9 8 )
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19

beha or a ( t tt pl ntf e oyeeun e s bl fie t tkea ntgeofa
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oye ' r n
r he e ond e nt he f ns '
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lng on nd . I , 24 S.
at765.

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fie t tkeef vea tont sopi.Oc te v.Sc l Pr .335F. 3 3
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Ci.
r 2003)(nba .Toa dla lt t e oy ,a trr c i ngnotc o t haasme ,
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t es
t i m di l ton e s nabl a c a e o nd he r s n . E. C.
r
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St tRe as I . 5 1F. 306,31 ( hCi.2008)
mbel ntl. nc, 2 3d
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.

20

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mi t e he om ana nd s upe v s .'Sprggs 242 F. a 1 ,Hovl v.
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21

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e or lo ndia e ha mpbel, t oc aso ,r pore t us ofr itl ng get
l on wo c i ns e td he e acs a ua o
W iki on, ugge tng t tt ha as m e occ r d a wasr por e s etm e prort
l ns s
s i ha he r s nt ur e nd
e t d om i
i o
Se e be 2008, he J
pt m r
w n TEKT r pl ce W iki on i is m a em e o r ul Ca pbel
e a d l ns n t nag nt ve ha . m
l
a s r st t t hi know l ,W iki on t no c r c i a ton a ns t pe pe r t s
s e t ha , o s
edge l ns ook
or e tve c i gai t he r t a or .

Furhe
t nnor ,e denc i t r or i c t t tt m a ge e tove hauli Sep e r2008
e vi e n he ec d ndi aes ha he na m n
r
n t mbe

waspr e byJ
omptd TEKT' d iet Sc ngegt)culur'asi rltdt Ieltons pis
S esr o iha is t e' t eae o t ai hi sues
r
wihe oyee . ( ke No. 1 )W he viwi t e de ei alg mos fvor bl t
t mpl s' Doc t 94- 3.
'
n e ng he vi nc n iht t a a e o

t epanif,h c u t o ld st tar ao a l j r c udfn t a t ed fn a t k e o
h lit s te o r c ncu e ha e s n b e u y o l i d h t h e e d n s n w r
f
s d ha kno n oft r ci ly hos ie w or e r e t ta l ge y i us d t pl nta
houl ve w
he a a l
tl
k nvionm nt ha le dl nf e he a nd
t tt de e nt f l d t t pr ptr m e a s e r as nabl c c a ed t e t
ha he f nda s aie o ake om e di l t ps e o y al ul t o nd he
har s m e . Henc bec us ge ne i s sofm at r a f c e s , he c t ilde y t
a s nt
e, a e nui s ue
e i l a t xi t t our w l n he

d fn a t' to frs mmayj dg n a t teh tl wo ke vr n n camsr ltn t
e e d ns moin o u r u me t s o h osie r n io me t li eaig o
t ha a s e alege y pe per t d by J
he r s m nt l dl r tae
TEKT' no upe vio ype s nne .
S ns r s r r o l
Theco twilne consde t har s me al dl pe e r t d by J
ur l xt
i r he a s nt lege y p ta e
TEKT'
S
s r s s The r co d, hen vi w e i a lghtm os f vor bl t t pl ntf s s t f t
upe vi or .
e r w
e dn i
t a a e o he ai if , e s orh
num e o e m pl of s r i or ha a s e . l hi s o de a a i n,Ca pbel s a e t t
r us xa es upe v s y r s m nt n s w m cl r t o
m
l t t d ha

unna dme r ofma me e oye rcs lngua a s ii ly,ha Ro ns(
me mbes
nage nt mpl d a it a ge nd, pecfcal t t bbi a

p o u to e gn e ma a e)o tne ly drcs ln u g a dj ke .Do ,nhi s r
r d cin n ie r n g r fe mp o e a it a g a e n o s we i s won
decaai sae t thewa i or d(rua y,bys newhopose s ds pe vs r
lrton, ttd ha
s nf me ag bl
omeo
s s e u r io y
a hort t thewo dha t ageet wor on Sunda i or t behie de piet f t
ut iy) ha
ul ve o r o k
ys n der o
rd, s t he ac
t whie em pl
hat t
oyeesw er t eat di er l Furt m or D owe s at t he w as f t
e r ed ff enty.
her e,
t ed hat
urher

te e difr nl t nwhiee oye swhen,atrrco rngfom awor r ae ij y,
ratd fe e ty ha
t mpl e
fe e ve i r
k-eltd nur
JTEK T r used t alow hi t assum e lghtwor dutes.Cr ghead,i hi s or decl aton,
ef
o l
m o
i
k i
ai
n sw n
ar i
23

sa e t thebe meawa eofbi r i J
tt d ha
ca
r
nde s n TEKT' lb a ym a f tng r ci l dic i na o y
S irr
niesi a aly s rmi t r

hii pr ci e by J
rng a tc s TEKT s r ior .Fi ly,W is i hi s ' de a a i sa e t t
upe v s s nal
lon, n s wol clr ton, t t d ha
n
Bow e sw oul pr o e w hie e pl esove s ni bl k e pl es a f t s a ed t t
r
d om t
t m oye
r e or ac m oye nd urher t t ha

Bowesonces i t ts woul lahe ha awhieguyi c r e.'( ke No.9 18a !7.
r
ad ha he
d t t r ve
r
t
n ha g ' Doc t
4- t )
W is a s s a e t t u n a t m ptng t c pl n ofBow e s'a l ed ha as i be vi r a
l on l o t t d ha , po te i o om ai
r leg
r s ng ha o ,

i e dm gj 'i fnne h m ta h s o l d o t ec mp an o es h i in'h v aj b. (d.
t a an'n o d i h t e h ud r p h o lit r le e û d t a e o ' l
h
d
'
a !8. Youngas sae t tBowese bie haasi be virt r hi byatmptng
t )
lo ttd ha
r xhi td r sng ha o owads m
te i
t s bot e hi e pl m e a by t e t ni t t nni t hi .
o a ag s m oy nt nd
hr a e ng o e na e m

To t extntt tha as me i pe er t dby s r ior , hecour r ogniest ta
he e ha r s nt s p ta e
upe v s s t
t ec z ha n
a tr a i de e e i a ia e t e pl r . H oweve , he c tc ude t t whe vi w i
fi m tve f ns s va l bl o m oye s
r t our oncl s ha , n e ng

t e de e i alghtm os f vor bl t t pl i if,t e i age neis ofma e i f c a
he vi nc n i
t a a e o he antfs her s nui s ue
t ral a t s
t whehe t de e n sa e e ild t t a fr ai de e e Ba e on t e de ei t
o
t r he f nda t r ntte o he fim tve f ns . s d he vi nc n he

rc r ,h c u t o cu e t t r a o bej r c ul deemiet t ( l u h gh
e o d te o r c n ld s ha a e s na l u y o d tr n ha,t t g t e
a ho
dee nt' i tt i ofa a ihaasme polc rprs nt aras ese t r
fnda s) nsiuton n nt- r s nt iy e e e ed e onabl tp owad
prve i t t ofa es frdby (hepli ifq t c ny ( t
e ntng he ype bus ufee
t antfs,he ompa aced)
unr a o y ...neglc i t e or et polc 'o by e or i i i a unf rmamer
e s nabl
e tng o nf c he iy' r nf c ng t n n ai l .

Sprccs 242F. a 18 .seas i a 1 (t-q ç r pomul ton'ofa aniha a s nt
i ,
3d t 8, e lo d. t 87 Eg-he mee r gai
l
n t- r sme
polcy, m a t how w el- nc i d, ilnots f c t s
i no ter
lco e ve w l
uf i e o how t r quiie l velofc r w he e
he e s t e
ae
r
t e pl rhasa i s e e t polcy i bad f ih orhasr nde ed i i f ec ua by a tng
he m oye
dm ni t r d he i n
at
e r t ne f t l
ci

t e s nabl '( i Br v. rv,18 F. 388 396( hCi.1 :) Thedee t'
mra o y.'quotng own Per 4 3d , 4t r 999 .
fndans
d ntte n t t afnnai dee e( t rs c t t haa s ntalge ypeper tdby
s ilme t o he fi tve fns wih epe t o he rs me le dl r tae
e
s r ior)i t rf eatibl is ' l a 1
upe vs s s heeor ra e sue. d. t 88.
'

24

2.

R ac aldi c i i i n c a m s
i s r m nat o l i

A pl ntf m a pr i en i e o ntdic i i ton i t wa . Fis,k
ai if y ove nt tonal mpl yme s rm nai n wo ys rt t
a
pl i ifm a e t bls a c a m ofdic i i ton t ough die torc r um s an i le de e
a ntf y s a i h l i
s r m na i hr
rc
i c t t a vi nc
t t...di c i i to m otva e t e pl r s a ve s e pl e dec son. H ilv.
ha
s rm na i n
i t d he m oye ' d r e m oym nt i i ' l
'

Loc edM a tnLoasi M cmtsl ,35 F. 277, 4( hCi.2004) dl s ondmehod
khe
ri itcs
. nc. 4 3d
28 4t r
. s- ec
-he
t

o a e t gs mmayj g n i t p o e du d raCrtx ' rme r , n e whc t
f v ri u r ud me t s o r c e n e p ee t fa wo k u d r ih he
n
e pl ,a t re t bls ng a pr m a f ci c s ofdic i i ton, m ons r t st tt
m oyee f e s a i hi
i a e ae
s r m na i de
t a e ha he
e pl yer spr f r pe m i sbl r s f t ki a a r e e pl e a ton i ac ua l a
m o ' of e ed r s i e ea on or a ng n dve s m oym nt c i s t ly
pr t xtf r dic i i to ' l a 285. The pr c s f m ul t o oft r qui e prm a f c e
e e o s r m na i n.' d. t
e i e or a i n he e r d i a i

s
howi wilva y i ç fe i f t st tons' M c
ng l r n t f rng acual iua i ,' DonnelDougl Co p. Gr e 41 U.
di
l
as r v. e n, 1 S.

79 8 n.3( 973) butf
2, 02 1 1 , ,undame al t pli ifmus prvet thes fr a a re
ntly,he antf t o ha ufeed n dves
em pl e a ton t
oym nt c i t rc r tm s a sw hi h gi rs t a i e e e ofunl ul
unde i cz t nce
c ve i e o n nf r nc
awf

dic i nai ' Te De tofCmt Afar v.Bur ne, 0U. 248,253( 981.
srmi ton. x. p'
'
v. fis
di 45 S.
1 )
l a t c c e,howe r a pl ntf es a i he a prm a f c e c e by s i
n ypi al as
ve , ai i f t bls s i a i as
how ng:

me e s i i ap oe tdca s ()stsa tr j bp ro a c ; 3 a v ree o me t
mb rhp n r tce ls ;2 aif co y o ef nn n e ( ) d es mply n
a to ; n ( )dfe e tte t n fo smial st ae e ly e o tiet ep oe tdca s
ci n a d 4 ifr n r ame t r m i lry iu td mpo e s u sd h r tce ls .
Colma v. d.Cour ofAppe s 6 F. 1 1 ( hCi. 0) I apli ifesa ihe a
e n M
t
al, 26 3d 87, 90 4t r 201 . f antf tbls s
prm a f c e c e,( pr um pton o il aldi c i i to a ies and t bur n ofpr uc i
i a i as ( es
a
i f leg s rm na i n r s ,
he de
od ton

s fst t e oye 't a
hit o he mpl r' o dduc e de ofalgii ae,
e vi nce
e tm t nondic i i t y r as f is
s rm na or e on or t
aci .Hovl 650 F. a 336.tl t de e ntc ri t sbur n ofpr
tons
e,
3d t
tf he f nda a res hi de
oduci n, he
to t
pr s m pton r s by t pr m a f c e c e i r bute ' Bur ne 45 U . a 255. Thepl i if
e u i aied
he i a i as s e t d.' di , 0 S. t
a ntf
t n m us s
he
t how t ha t pr f r d r as w a nott t e r s f t e pl e tde i i n,
t t he ofe e e on s
t
he nz ea on or he m oym n c s o '
'
bu i t ad, asa pr t xtf r i e tonaldi c i i to l a 256.
t ns e w
e e o nt n i
s rm na i n. d. t

25

a.

Barber

Assa e a ve Ba be a s rst tJ
tt d bo , r r s e t ha TEKT dic i i t a i thi by denyi hi
s rm naed ga ns m
ng m
ce ti pr m o i a by u aryde otng hi .Asa i ta m a tr Ba be hi s f
ra n o tons nd
nf il m i m
n niil te , r r m el
efci l c
fe tvey once t thi de a ofpr
des ha s nil
omoton cai i me il sby a itng t t whiet
i l m s rtes
dm ti ha , l he

aleg ha piki pr es afce ot rpe e i di no af thi pes ly.( ke No.
l ed nd c ng oc s fe td he opl,t d t fec m ronal Doc t

9 37a 87.
4- t )
Ba be al o brngs a unf i de oto c a m . The c t t s t e s e e ofa f t l
r r s i
n a r m in li
our no e he xi t nc
ac ua

diput ,ba e on Ba be ' cli t tJ
s e sd
r r s am ha TEKT de e hi t r quiietani r ga di
nid m he e st r i ng, e r ng
w he herBa be w a pe f m i s t s a t iy i hi pos ton asA D Li Te m Lea r
t
r r s r or ng a i f c orl n s ii
ne n
de .

Howe r t sf c ua diput pr ve i t rala Ba be ha f iedt ca r hi bur n of
ve , hi a t l s e o s mma e i s r r s al o ry s de
pr ng t the w a t ea e dif r ty t n sm ia l st t nonbl c em pl s t
ovi ha
s r t d f e en l ha i l ry iua ed
ak
oyee - he

dee nt adduc evi nce( c i undiputdbyt pli if)t t a t s metmet t
fnda s
e de whih s s e
he antfs ha, the a i ha
Ba be w a de ot d,a he s m ia l st t d w hieem pl ,Le A l om , a a s de ot d
r r s m e not r i l ry iua e
t
oyee e c
w s lo m e

f pe f ma - e r s .He ,Ba be c
or ror nce bas d ea ons nce r r anno e t bls a prma f c ec e of
t sa ih
i a i as
di c i i ton. Col a 6 F. a 19 I a e nt eve i Ba be co d esa i h a prm a
s rm na i
em n, 26 3d t 0. n ny ve , n f r r ul t bls
i

f ci c e, hede e nt ha a nce al ii ae,
a e as t
f nda s ve dva d eg tm t nondic i i t y r as f hi
s rm na or e on or s
de o i
m ton- nn el t he w asnotpe f m i s ts a t r l a t tm e ofhi de oton. Hovl
m y, hat
r or ng a i f c o iy t he i
s m i
e,

650 F. a 336. Ba be hasf l t a
3d t
r r
aied o dduc a e de e s
e ny vi nc uggesi t tJ
tng ha TEKT' pr fe e
S o fr d
r as i a pr t xtf di c i i ton. Bur ne, U . a 256. Hi cl m st the w a be t r
e on s e e or s r m na i
di 450 S. t
s ai ha
s te
qua i i d t n hi w hie r pl c m e a e i ufi e t s
lf e ha s t e a e nt r ns tci nt o how pr t xt See H a nsv.Pe i
ee .
wki
psco.

I .2 3F.d2 4 2 8( t Ci. 0 0 (() i tep re to o ted cso ma e whc i
nc, 0 3 7 , 7 4h r 2 0 ) û1t s h ec p in f h e iin k r ih s
i
r lva , tt sl-sesme oft pli if'(ntr lquottonmaksomitdl;Eva v.
ee ntno he efa s s nt he antf.'i ena
ai
r
te l ns
Tec .Applc tons& Se v Co.80F. 95 960(t Ci.1 (KA pl ntf s
hs
iai
r . , 3d 4,
4h r 996) çE ai if l

26

u s bsa tae alg to a db l a s rin c n ennghls o q aiiains. .alo
n u tn itd l ains n ad s et s o c r i i) wn u lfc to . fi t
e
o
d s r v ( d fn nqse pln to o s o ds rmiain.)
ip o e a ee da t' x a ain r h w ici n t '.
o '
b.

G odfre
y

Godfe as e t t tJ
r y s rs ha TEKT dic i natd a i thi by de nghi c ran
s rmi e gans m
nyi
m e ti
pr oto ,des t t f c t tm a gem e i o m e hi t tt pr otons woul bebas
om i ns pie he a t ha na
nt nf r d m ha he om i
d
ed

on s ort To e t bls aprm af ci c eoff l et pr
eni iy.
sa ih i a e as
aiur o omot bas d on r e, pli ifmus
e e
ac a antf
t

de taet t( )hebel t apr e t cls ,( hea id f t postoni que to
monsrt ha 1
ongs o otced a s 2) pple or he ii n sin,

( )h wa q aiidf rt po iin, nd( )tee o e rj ce tea p iainu d r
3 e s u l e o he sto a 4 h mply r ee td h p lc to n e
f
c r um s a esgi ng r s t a i e e e ofunl w f di c i i ton. Ande s n v.W e tng
ic t nc
vi i e o n nf r nc
a ul s rm na i
ro
s i hous
e

Sa nna Ri rCo.40 F. 248, ( hCi.
vn h ve , 6 3d
268 4t r 2005) Thee de ei t rc ds
.
vi nc n he e or howst t
ha
Godf e c
r y annotesa i h a prm a f c e c s ,be a e t e de e afi m a i y s es st t
t bls
i a i a e c us he vi nc tr tvel ugg t ha

J
TEKT' rj cino Go fe ' a piai n d e n tgv rs t a i e e c o ds rmiain.
S ee to f d ry s p l to s o s o ie ie o n nfr n e f ici n to
c
Noto y wasoneoft postonsf whih Godfe a ple a r d t Babe ,butJ
nl
he ii or c
r y p id wa de o r r
TEKT
a t ly of e ed Godf ey a pr oton,whi h G o r y de lne
c ua l f r
r
om i
c
df e c i d.Furhe m or e n as um i
t r e, ve s ng
t tGodf e co d e t bls a prm a f c e c e, he de e nt ha a nc d a l gii a e
ha
r y ul s a i h
i a i as t
f nda s ve dva e e tm t ,

n n ici n t r ra o frrj cigGo fe sa p iain - s e i c ly ta Go fe lc e
o dsrmi ao y e s n o ee tn dr y' p lc to s p ct al,h t dr y a k d
i
s fce m ant na e re t qualf f rt postons.Godfey ha notpr e a
ufi int i e nce xpe ince o
iy o he ii
r
s
oduc d ny
evi nc i ca i t tJ
de e ndi tng ha TEK T' pr f r d r a on i apr t xtf di c i i ton. Bur ne 450
S of e e e s s e e or s rm na i
di ,
U . a 256. Fo t s r s , odf e ha f ied t poi t a e de e i t r or c e tng
S. t
r he e ea ons G r y s a l o nt o ny vi nc n he ec d r a i
a ge ne i s ofm a e i lf c r r ng hi di c i i to cl i .
nui s ue
t r a a t ega di
s s rm na i n a m
c.

Young

Y o as e t t tJ
ung s r s ha TEKT di c i i e ag ns hi by f c ng hi t r s gn on t o
s rm nat d ai t m
or i
m o ei
w
s pa a e oc s ons by unf il denyi hi a pr o i a by f ii t honorhi w ih
e r t ca i ,
a ry
ng m
om ton, nd
a lng o
m t
achi
evem entaw ar Young cl m s t he w asunf rl f
ds.
ai hat
ai y orced t r i att concl on ofhi
o es gn he
usi
s
27

fr ttnu wih J
is e
t TEKT bec us Bowe s hi s r s ,e s n i l s bot ge hi e oymen
a e
r , s upe vior s e taly a a d s mpl
t
r co d by f lngt a kno e doc o s not t tYoung t ned i t ac ountf rhi abs nc s
e r
aii o c wl dge t r ' es ha
ur
no c
o s e e.

Ho v rwhl te emi h b afcu l ip t r g r igt eq ai o Yo n sj b
we e , ie h r g t e a t a ds ue e a dn h u lt f u g' o
y
pe f m a e Y o none he es c ote t bls a prm a f c e c e ofdi c i i ton be a e
r or nc , ung
t l s mm
sa ih
i a i as
s rm na i
c us
he ha f ie t ca r hi bur n ofs w i t he w a t e t d dif r n l t n ot rs m ia l
s a l d o r y s de
ho ng hat
s r a e f e e t y ha he i l ry

st t d no a k e pl ye s
iua e nblc m o e .Colm a 626 F.d a 1 0.
e n,
3 t9
Alhoug Yot alo a s rst thewasunf il f ce t r i a t c l i n ofhi
t h mg s s e t ha
ary or d o esgn t he onc uso
s
s c t nn w ih J
e ond e
t TEK T,he c e d a hi de ii t ta 1oft e pl eeswho f ied t
onc de t s pos ton ha l he m oy
a l he

d u ts i q e to we ete tdt es me i ta e ey n l ther o .( c e No. 4 3 a
r g et n u sin r rae h a ,n h t v r o e os t ij bs Do k t 9 - 8 t
1 -51) He e, hi ownadmison,Youngc nnotesa iht thewaste t difrnty
49 . nc by s
si
a
tbls ha
r aed fee l
t n s m ia l st t w hie e pl s Col m a 626 F. d a 1
ha i l ry iua ed
t m oyee . e n,
3 t 90.

Yo ha alo f ie t e t bls aprmaf c ec eofdic i nai wih r pe tt hi
ung s s a ld o sa ih
i a i as
s rmi ton t es c o s
deni lofpr o i cl i . Besdeshi own s l - s es m e ofhi qua ii a i ,Young of e s
a
om ton a m
i
s
e f a s s nt
s lf c tons
fr
no e de e s
vi nc uggesi t the w a qua ii d f t K a ze poston. The de enda s poi t
tng ha
s lte or he i n ii
f
nt nt o
evi nc i t r c d s
de e n he e or uggesi t thi pr o w or hit y ofpoorper or a r nde ed hi
tng ha s i r k s or
f m nce e r
m

unqualfedfrt poston.Se Ha nsv. psco.nc,203F.d27 278(t Ci.
ii o he ii
e wki Pe i l .
3 4, 4h r 2000)
(tIti t pece i oft decsonmake whihi r lvan,no t s l- ssme oft
t(1 s he r pton he ii
r c s ee t t he efase s nt he
pli if'(nt na quottonmaksomitdl; nsv. hs Applc tons& Se v. ,80
antf. i er l ai
'
r
te l Eva Tec . iai
r Co.

F.d9 4, 6 ( t Ci.1 9 )(t pan ifs u u sa tae alg to sa db l a s rins
3 5 9 0 4h r 9 6 iA litf ) ns b tnitd l ai n n ad se t
(
e
o
c n enn hg )o q lfc to s. . al ods r v ( d fn a t' e pa aino s o
o c r ig i wn uaiiain . fit ip o e a e e d n ls x ln to r h w
s
dici nain.).
s rmi to '
Fi l w ih r pe tt Y o
naly, t es c o ung' c a m t tJ
s l i ha TEK T di c i i t d ag ns hi by f lng
s rm na e ai t m
aii
t honorhi w ih ce t n pe f r anc r a e a a ds t c r not si ta l t tt r i
o
m t rai r o m e-el t d w r , he ou t e nii ly ha he e s
s t nta q ton a t w he he f iur t r ce ve a a r cons iut s a a
ubs a i l ues i s o
t r a l e o e i n wa d
tt e n dver e e pl ym e t
s m o n
28

a to Se . ..Do g a v. no a 5 9F.d5 9 5 3( C. r 2 0 ) na ye e t Yo n
cin. e eg, u ls Do v n, 5 3 4 , 5 D. Ci. 0 9 .l n v n , u g
pr esno e denc t tr c plye a y r ei J
oduc
vi e ha a e a d n ol n TEKT' de ii no t besow s h a r
S c son t o t uc wa ds
on hi - i f t t e de s s t tG odf e a Si m ons a clm ul t atl a tni s h
m n ac , he vi nce how ha
r y nd m
c l a ed e s ne uc
a a ds d i t i e pl e w ih J
w r ur ng he r m oym nt t TEK T. H e e, ort f egoi r as ,Y o has
nc f he or ng e ons ung

f ie t de o taet e se eofa ge ne is sofm aera f c r ga di hi
al d o m nsr t he xitnc
ny nui s ue
t il a t e r ng s
dic i i ton cai s
s rm na i l m .
d.

C ulur ofha s e
t e
ras m nt

Th panif a g i t erb if h ti ra o a l j r ma as tn t tg ea v re
e litfs r ue n h i re t a $ e s n be u y y lo i d ha t d es
a
h
e o
mplymenta tonst nag ns t pli iflweei or da las i pa t t
ci ake ai the antfs r nf me t e t n r by he
ovewhel nge de ofrci haa s nt' ( ke No.94a 5 ) l e snc ,t plitfs
r mi vi nce a al rsme . Doc t
'
t 2. n se e he anif
a gue t tt a m os r ofha a s e t ta l ge y pe m e t d J
r
ha he t phe e
r s m nt ha le dl r a e TEK T' w or a
S
kpl ce

de
monsr t t tt de e nt a i agans t pl i if we em otva e byr c a
taes ha he f nda s' ctons i t he antfs r
i td
a il

dici nai Se ec.M e t v. dDomi onFri tLi sl .601F. 289,300 ( h
srmi ton. es . , nit O1
ni egh ne nc,
3d
-01 4t

Ci. 01 )(ee mii t a s mmayj d me t sia p o raeb c u eat o p rt c lu e'
r 2 0 d tr nng h t u r u g n wa n p r p it e a s k r o ae ut r'
c
o dsrmi t r a i sc udb atiue t t ut t d cso ma e)l Th c u t
f ic i nao y nmu o l e t b td o he lmae e iin k r.8 e o r
r
i
o e v s t tdit i tc t i t scic t i l ng t sc t have be s r ous i a yi
bs r e ha s r c our s n hi r ui, nc udi hi our ,
en c upul n ppl ng
t Fo t Cic t stc por t c t e 's a r a e a ned i M e rt,onl t t e c e i
he urh r ui' i or a e ulur ' t nda d s xpl i
n r it y o hos as s n

whih t r i e de et tr c a a muspe va sa1lve soft ma
c he e s vi nc ha a i l ni
r de 1 e l he nage
mente r nm e t
nvio n .

E. , a im iiv.Be al Che olt l ,Ci lAci No.7: c 213,2011W L 1
:.Alm a l
r und
vr e , nc. vi ton
09- v4791 ,
01

a *9( . Va Apr 1 2011,You v. tdPac Se v,Ci lAci No.
t W D. . . 8, ) n: Unie rel r . vi ton DKC 08- 86,
.
25
2011W L 665321 a *11( M d.Feb.1 2011;Bur nev.Grenvil Te hni lCo1.C.
,t
D.
4, ) di
e le c ca 1, A.
I
B
l Pa S ng,t c tnot st t i M er i , he Fou t Cicui c t d t c por t c t r ofha as m e o y
D S i he our e ha , n
rt t
l
rh r t ie he or a e ulu e
r s nt nl
a a fcort bec i r d i deer i ng whehe t deenda ' lgii ae,nondic i i t y r s f tki
s a t o onsde e n t m ni
t r he f nts e tm t
s rm naor ea ons or a ng
a a reempl e aci we epr txt .M erit 60lF. a 295.Assaed a
n dve s
oym nt ton r ee ual
rt,
3d t
tt bove,hecou ti oft
t
r s he
opi ont tt pl ntfsha f ie t e tbls e prm af i ca esofr ci dic i i ton i t m soft
ni ha he ai if ve ald o sa ih ven i ace s
a al s rm nai n er
he
M cDonnelD o l a ytca fa ewor
l ugas nal i l r m
k.

29

No. 0 -v- 3 6 J C, 01 W L 5 1 4 , t* ( S. De .1 , 0 .I t ec u tsve
6:8c 0 7 4-M 2 0
21 5 4 a 7 D. C. c 6 201 ) n h o r' iw,
t si nots h a c e. W hie t r i e de e t tt day-o- y w o ki e r e wa
hi s
uc
as
l he e s vi nc ha he
t da
r ng nvi onm nt s
be e w ih a tona e r i ove t nes t r i no r a e de e f om w hi h i m i be i pled
s t t c i bl ac al r o , he e s e l vi nc r
c t ght m i
t ts h a a m os r pe v de t e pl e de i i m a ng pr es . l e asouti d
ha uc n t phe e r a d he m oym nt c son ki
oc s nde d,
lne
a
bove t r i e de e t t c t a y.
, he e s vi nc o he on r r

The ef e be us t pl ntfsha f l t c r t i bur n ofde onsr tngt
r or , ca e he ai if ve aied o ary he r de
m tai he
e s e ofa ge ne i s ofm a e i lf c r ga di t rdi c i i ton cl i s t c tm us
xi t nce
nui s ue
t r a a t e r ng hei s rm na i
a m , he our
t

ga t defnda s moi f rsl r j me wihr pe t t s cams
rnt he e nt' ton o lmmay udg nt t es cto he e li .
3.

R et i i cl m
alaton ai

The pl i if a s cl i t tJ
a ntf s l o a m ha TEK T c os d t Da e le pl nti r t la i f t i
l e he l vil a n e a i ton or he r

c
ompli t ofhar s m e a dic i i ton,i vi a i ofTil VI. Til Vl pr bis
ans
a s nt nd s rm na i n olton
te l te 1 ohi t

e oyesfo ç srmi ti a i ta ofgheile oyee ... c eghee oye j
mpl r r m s c i nagngq gans ny t r mpl s be aus t mpl es
di
hal o e a pr tc ma a unlwf e o n prci by( teV1) orbe us
ve) ppos d ny acie de n a ul mplyme t a tce Til l, ca e

(h e ly e lh ge . . a t iae i a ymmme i a iv si ai n' n e Ti eVI.4
t e mpo e s av ) . p ri p td n n
c
r n n n e tg to 'u d r t I 2
l
U. C.j2000e3() Theelme sofart itoncam unde Til Vl ae:( )e ge nti
S.
- a.
e nt
ealai li
r te 1 r 1 nga me n

ap o e tda tvt ; 2 a v ree ly n a to a d( )ac u a ln b t e tep o e td
r tce ciiy ( ) d e s mpo me t cin; n 3 a s l ik ewe n h r tce
aci t a t e o e a ton.Colm a 6 F. a 1
tviy nd he mpl ym nt c i
e n, 26 3d t 90.I apl i ifesa ihesaprm a
f antf t bls
i
f c e c e, he bur n s fst t def nda t pr f ra l gii a e nonr t la o y r s f ris
a i as t
de hi t o he e nt o of e e tm t ,
e a i t r ea on o t

de so Dowev.TotlAci Aaans Povet i Roa
ciin.
a ton i t rv n nokeValy,1 F. 653,656(t Ci.
le 45 3d
4h r

1 .Thebur nt ns fsba t t pli ift rbu t d e ntspr ferdras J998)
de he hit ck o he antf o e t he efnda ' o f e e on. #.
A fe r vi w i t e de e i t r or t c t ncl
t r e e ng he vi nc n he ec d, he our co udest tt r i a g nui
ha he e s e ne
i ue ofm a er alfactr di w het t pl ntf shave s
ss
t i
egar ng
her he ai i f
hown t a caus lnk exi t
hat
al i
ss

bewe nt pli if pr eceda tviy(e tngi tnc ofrci haasme a
t e he antfs' ot t ci t rpori nsa es a al r s nt nd

30

S son o os he e le a
dicrmi ton)9and JTEKT' decii t cl et Dalvil plnt Therc ds
s i nai 1
e or howst t
ha,
.

a ou t e ofAprl2009,t pr s d ntofJ
r nd he nd
i
he e i e
TEKT Norh Am e i as nta e ala ki o he
t
rc e n m i s ng t r
J
TEKT ofi i st e o e t pos i lt ofc osng t Dal vil of i e. Thi e ai w ass nt
tc al o xpl r he s biiy
l i he e le f c
s m l
e
a t rt Ba i aget pi i de ,a t r Si m onsha c pl i ofHuynh' ha as i be vi r
fe he ls
a ng nci nt fe m
d om a ned
s r s ng ha o ,
a a trt W oolol not and noos di co r Furhe
nd fe he
f k es
e s ve y. t nuor , he e ai w a s n a ound t
et m l s et r
he

s m etm e abei si ty bef r ,J
a i , l t lgh l
o e TEKT a e t s tl W oolol scli a J
gr ed o e te
f k' am nd TEKT ofi as
tcil
i t l e e t pl n i f t une rh m a oft co pl i s o r ci ha as m e a
n ewi w d he ai t f s o a t ny he m a nt f a al r s nt nd
dicrm i ton t ta e a i s i t ss t W hie t c t e ogni st tot re de e i t
s i na i ha r t s ue n hi ui.
l he our r c ze ha he vi nc n he

r c dm i s
e or ght ugge tt tt de i i t c os t Dalvil plntha isge i i Se e r
s ha he c son o l e he e le a
d t ness n pt mbe

2 08f re o o cr ao ,h c u t o ld s h tara o bej r c u dfn ta ac u a
0 o c n mi e s ns t e o r c ncu e t a e s na l u y o l id h t a s l
lrk e sed be w e n J
il xi t
t e TEKT ' dec son t Cl et pl nta t pl i if 'pr e t d ac i t z
s i i o OS he a nd he a ntf s ot c e tviy.o
Furhe
t nnor a t
e, lhoug J
h TEK T ha a nc a l tm a e,
s dva ed egii t nonr t la or r s f t ki t
e a i t y ea on or a ng he

ad ree pl e aci t co tlke s c ude t t bas o t tm i oft e al
ve s m oym nt ton, he ur i wie oncl s ha , ed n he i ng he m i
s ntby of i a sf om J
e
fci l r
TEK T Nor h Am e i r ga di t pos i e c osle oft D a e le
t
rca e r ng he s bl l tr
he l vil

p a t ara o a ej r c udd tr n ta J
ln, e s n bl u y o l eemie h t TEKT' p o frdr a o wa p ee t a.He c ,
S r fee e s n s rtx u l n e
bec us ge ne i s ofm a e i lf c e s ,t co t ilde t de e n s m oton f r
a e nui s ues
t r a a t xit he ur w l ny he f nda t ' i o

s mmayj g n a t tepanif' eaito cam.1
u r ud me t s o h litfs r tlain li 2
1
9

Thedeenda sco i t i vi oft pr e td a i t t t pl ntfs de sont tl t EEO C
f nt nfne her ew he otce ctviy o he ai if' cii o ie he

c ag s Ho v rtec s lw d mo srtsta a e o e sc mplit( eh rafr l
h re . we e,h ae a e ntae h t n mply e' o an wh te o ma EEOC c mpan o a
o lit r
ls f ma v r a o wrte c mplitoma a e n)E o si tsp oetdatvt wh ntee o e
es or l eb l r i n o an t n g me t < ntt e rtce ciiy e h mply r
t
c u
unde sood,ors d ha undert t tt pli ifwasopposng dic i i t yc
rt
houl ve
sood, ha he antf
i s rm naor onduc.'Bur s v. own,
t'
ce s Br

No. 02 1 2 1 WL 51 1 0 a * (t Ci. e .1 , 01)(in Rih r o v Riha dCn v Sc . s. l
1 -08 , 0 2
7 9 , t 9 4h r F b 7 2 2 ct g c adsn . c ln t. h DitNo. ,
i
5 F Ap ' 61 , 1 (t Ci. 0 2
2 . px 5 6 7 4h r2 0 :.
2
0
Th c ut e o nie ta arao a ejr c udd tr n t th d fn a t eetdt co etepa tn
e o rrc g z s h t es n bl uy o l eemie ha te ee d ns lce o ls h ln i
r pons t co pl i sofha as m e b peo e ot rt n t pl i if ;ho e ,t sf t fndi g woul not
es e o m a nt
r s nt y pl he ha he antf s w ver hi ac ual i n
d
pr ft t t pli if 'r t iton cam bec us t pl ntfsfl w ihi t z ofi eesspr ece by Til
ove aal o he antfs eala i li
a e he ai if al t n he one ntr t ot td
te

VI.Th mps n v N. . t i e s LP 1 1S. . 63 8 0( 01 )
l o o . Am S anls . , 3 Ct 8 , 7 2 1.
2
1
Ho v rtec u t lga tted fn a t' to f r u r jd me a t panifYo n '
we e,h o rwil rn h ee d n s moin o s mmay u g nt so litf u gs
r t iton cl i be us Young ha f l d t esa i h a prm af ci ca e Bec us Y o admit dl r s gne hi
e ala i am ca e
s aie o t bls
i a e s . a e ung
te y e i d s
e o e wih J
mplym nt t TEKT onJ uay 20,2009,s ve a m onhsbeor t J
an r
e rl t
f e he TEKT Norh Am e i ofi al s ntt
t
rca fci s e he
e alr r ngt pos i ecl u eoft Dalvil f iiy,i i dubiuswhehe Y o ca e tbls ac allnk
m i egadi he sbl os r
he e le aclt t s
o
t r ung n sa ih aus i
bewe n a pr e t daci t a J
t e ny otc e tviy nd TEKT' de sont cl t pl t Asdicusedabove Young c de t t
S cii o ose he an .
s s
,
once s ha

11
1.

Conc us on
l i
Fort r s s tf t a
he ea ons e orh bove, he c t ilg anti par a de i pa tt
t our w l r n t nd ny n r he

d fn a t' to f rs mmayj d me t S e iial,h c u t l g a t h moinwi
ee d n s mo in o u r u g n . p cfc l te o r wi rn t e to t
y
l
h
r s tt t pl ntfs dic i i ton cai ,a wilde t m o i n wih r pe tt t
e pec o he ai if ' s rm na i l ms nd l ny he to t es c o he
pli tfs hosiewor e r
a n if ' tl
k nvionme cai . Furhe r , heco twilgr ntt de e nt '
nt l ms
t nno e t
ur l a he f nda s
motonwih r s tt Yot g' r t lai n cli ,b wilde t moton wih r pe tt t
i
t e pec o m s e aito am ut l ny he
i
t es c o he
r m ai ng t eepl ntf s r t la i c a m s
e ni hr
ai i f ' e a i ton l i .

TheClr i die t d t s nd ce tfe c esoft smemor ndum o ni a t
ek s rce o e
rii d opi
hi
a
pi on nd he
a c panyi or rt a lc
c om
ng de o 1 ouns lo r cor
e f e d.

ENTER:Ths V & d yo Ma , 01 .
i
a f y2 2

Chi fU nied St t D i ti tJ
e
t
a es s r c udge

hewaspr ry f ce t r i ba edon hi postvedrg t t l a e nt t c tco l st tYounghas
ope l or d o esgn s
s ii u es. n ny ve , he our ncude ha
fie t e tbls t thes fr a ad s e o e a ton,a hehadr sg hi e pl e l bef et
ald o sa ih ha
ufe ed n vere mplym nt ci s
e ined s m oym nt ong or he
cl t eoft Dal leplnta t ,wa nota fcedby J
ost
r
he evil a nd, hus s
fe t
TEKT' decso t cl et f iiy.
S iin o os he aclt

32