Normand v. United States of America
Filing
29
MEMORANDUM OPINION. Signed by District Judge Glen E. Conrad on 1/17/2012. (ssm)
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M EM O M N D UM O PI I N
N O
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TED STATES OF AM ERI
CA,
By' Hon. enE.Conr d
.
Gl
a
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t e s nd
e pl s neglge l f l t di nos a t e thi pr t t c nce i a tm e y m a r
m oyee , i nty aied o ag e nd r a s os a e a r n i l
nne ,
ca i hi t under r dito te t nt whih r nde e hi i
usng m o
go a ai n r a me s c e r d m mpot nt Theca ei c r nty
e .
s s ure l
b fr t ec u t nt ed fn a tsmoinf rs mmayj d me t i wh c t ed fn n ag e
e oe h o r o h e e d n ' to o u l u g n ,n ih h ee da t r u s
t tt pl i ifhaspr s nt d i uf i e e de e t s
ha he a ntf
e e e ns fci nt vi nc o uppor fndi r ga di t a i a e
t i ngs e r ng he pplc bl
s a r ofca e, e h oft s a r ofca e a c us ton, le s ntale e e s o t
t nda d
r br ac
he t nda d
r , nd a a i al s e i l m nt f he
pl i ifsneg i ncec am .1 Fort r as a
antf ' lge
li
he e ons nnou d fom t benc a t c l i oft
nce r he
h t he oncuson he
J nua y 1 201 he r ng on t sm o i a ass tf wa d i t s opi on,t cour w ilgr nt
a r 2, 2 a i
hi ton, nd
e or r n hi ni he
t l a
i pat n d n i pathed fn n ' moin frs mmayj d me t
n r a d e y n r t ee da ts to o u r u g n .
i
l teo iia bifi s p o t fi moinfrs mmayj d me tDo k t .1 )ted fn a t
n h rgn l re n u p r o t to o u r u g n ( c e No 8 ,h ee d n
s
rq etdsmmayj d me t nl o teis eo c uain Howe e,h panifsrs n ieb ifa de sdte
e u se u r u g n o y n h su f a sto .
v rte litf' epo sv re d rse h
iseo c u aina das teis e o tea pl a l sa d r o cr a dof ra ho ta sa d r .( c e No.
su f a st n lo h su s fh p i be tn ad f ae n b e c fh t tn ad Do k t
o
c
2 . Th d fn n rs o d dwi a oh rb ifi whc irq etds mmayj d me t nteis e rg r ig
0) e ee da te p n e t n te re n ih t e u se u r u g n o h su s e adn
h
t a i bl sa d ofc r a ofbr ac oft sa dad,i addii t ispr vi r ques f s m m a y
he pplca e tndar
a e nd
e h he tn r n
ton o t e ous e t or u
r
j d me to t is eo c u ain ( c e No 2 .
u g n n he su f a sto . Do k t . 3)
1.
Fact and ProceduralBackzround
ual
Ther l va f c soft sc e, f t mos pa t a eno i diput 2 A lhough t Unie
e e nt a t
hi as or he
he t d
t r, r t n s e. t
St t s i t nn e de e nti t s c e N or a a l ge t tt neglgenc a os f om t
a e s he m d f nda n hi as , m nd le s ha he
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ct wo lh ae o des t he tr
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e VAMC' i
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pt m r
s a es
he a n if t t hen o e e he es t
PSA ts.( ke No.18a 3. Noi ngars i Nor nd' PSA,
e t Doc t
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eer m o he
VAM C ur og de rme f ac ulai (#. OnOcobe 6,2005 Nor
ol y pa t nt or ons tton. J )
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t t
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ol it .
r $
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on Ocobe 20,
t r 2005.(
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ur es nt he acs n he i t t a abl o r
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ng ry r s oor
Faho s lc v. lln tnld s.n .7 3F.d6 4, 0(t Ci.1 8 )
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PSA i am a ke f dignosng pr tt c e .
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nd i he i r m elva o hi as e i n n n 0 . Do k t . 0 1
a 20)
t .
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Thene dae ofno ewasa
xt t
t
boutsx m o hslt r on Aprl1 2006, n at s r ve e
i nt ae ,
i 3,
whe e t e ald
t t r nd' PSA ha rsnt 5. ( ke No. a 3. No ma as ha hi frtmeei
ha Noma s
d ie o 9. Doc t 20 t ) r nd lo d s is tng
wihDr W a o t tda ( ke No.1 a 3. Ba e ont co i
t . de n ha y. Doc t
8 t ) s d he ntnuousrs ofNor nd'
ie
ma s
PSA a on t ve oc t oft rs ,D r W a s he ed a bi y, hi w a per or e on M ay
nd
he l iy he i e . de c dul
ops w ch s f m d
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8 2 0 . Do k t . 0 t . e ip y e e ld h t o e f h i a e o tie
c e ousm a e i ;howe r ac or ngt t bi yr po t ones mpl diplye a S i l
anc r
t ral
ve , c di o he ops e r,
a e s a d i ng e
s
f usofat ca ga s pii frmaina y.'(
oc
ypi l lnds us cous o lg nc ' Docke No.1 7. Dr W a dic s d
t
8- ) . de suse
t r s t wiht pli ifonM a 30,2006.( ke No.20a 3. Thepli ifa s t t t
he euls t he antf
y
Doc t
t )
antf sers ha
Dr W a f l d t r
. de aie o evea t hi t tone oft s m pl di pl d a s pi on f t algna y';
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he a es s aye
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m
i t d, hepl ntf a r ,Dr W a advie hi onl t tt t s r t ne Cs pi o -ooki
nsea t ai if ve s . de
s d m y ha he e t e ur d 'us ciusl ng
rs t.'( ke No.1 1 a 3;Doc tNo. 1a 61. Att c l i oft me i Dr
e uls' Doc t
8- 4 t
ke
20- t ) he oncuson he etng, .
W a i t uc e N or a t r t n t t V AM C i one ye r on M a 31 2007,f a f l de ns r t d
m nd o e ur o he
n
a,
y ,
or olow up
viian f a he PSA ts.( ketNo.1 a 4;Do ketNo.20a 3. Dr W adedi not
st d or not r
et Doc
8t
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t ) .
d
she ul arp a b o s a t t i .( c e No. 8 8)
c d e e e t i p y tha tme Do k t 1 - .
N o nd di notw a tt i t M a 31 2007 a nt e t r t n t t V A M C .
nna
d
i mtl he y ,
ppoi m nt o e ur o he
l t d, rt nedo Jnuay3,2007,c ai ngofnocura(rque yofurnai a
nsea he eur n a r
ompl ni
t i fe nc
i ton t
ni t.( ke No.1 9a 2. A ts o t sdaerveaedt thi PSA ha rs nt 7.
gh) Doc t
8- t ) et n hi t e l ha s
d ie o 6.
( ke No. a 3. Cohe wr et Nonnandt i or hi oft t trs t a f rhe
Doc t 20 t )
n ot o
o nf m m he es e uls nd u t r
advied t tno f t re ua i w a r uie a t ttm e, e o t pe ng a nt e t
s ha
urhe val ton s eq r d t ha i bas d n he ndi ppoi m n
sh d ldfrM a 31 20 7 ( c t .1 - a 7)No ma dt nv stdDr W a eo
c e u e o y , 0 . Do ke No 8 9 t . r n he iie . d n
Fe ua y 27,2007,a a t rr vi wi t l t tt tr uls D r W ade s he e a he
br r
nd, f e e e ng he a es es es t , .
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bi y f t u omi M a 31vii.( ke No.1 1 )Howe r Nor
ops or he pc ng y
st Doc t
8- 0.
ve , mandc nc l t s
a eled hi
bi y, ii aconfi i hi s dul ( ke No.1 1 a 5 )
ops ctng
ld n s che e. Doc t
8-4 t -6.
The e tr t VAM C t mi t d Dr W a i J 2007 a Nor a r e ve anonr afe , he
er na e . de n une
nd m nd ec i d
VAM C r fra t Dr Da dKa e (i . g y', t oo iti Au u t 0 .( c e No 1
e erl o . vi g y ç Ka e ' a l lg s,n g s 20 7 Do k t . 8
Dr
) r
a 5. A Se e r28,2007bips rveae t tNor
t )
ptmbe
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he uferng r
osae
c e .( ke No.20a 3. Afe undegoi abre r i nofhor
anc r Doc t
t ) tr r ng if egme
monet rpy,hepli if
hea t antf
u d r n ar dc l r sae tmyp ro me b DrKa e o J n a y3 , 0 8 (I)Fo mo t
n e we t a ia p o ttco ef r d y . g y n a u r 0 2 0 . Ll r s
,
of2008, ma sPSA r m ane undee a ea f rhe mor Nor a wasabl t obt i
Nor nd'
e i d
tctbl nd, u t r e, m nd
e o an
eeci f l ngt s gey.(d. t3 ) Ho ve,hi PSA be nrsnga nt r t
r tons olowi he ur r I a -4. we r s
ga ii gai owads he
e of2008and Dr Kage r f r e Nor ndt Dr Robe t He t ar a i onc ogit
nd
.
y e e r d ma o .
r C. a h, aditon ol s.
(1. t4. Nor ndbega rc vi t frtoft ry- nerditonte t nt i J uay20
1 a ) ma
n e ei ng he is hit ni a ai r ame s n an r 09.
(d. Alho ht pl ntf sc nc i i rmison,healge t thei now i tnta ar s t
I ) t ug he ai if a er s n e si
le s ha s
mpoe s eul
oft rditont rpy.(d.
he a ai hea 1 )
OnDe e e 1 , 01 ,h UntdS ae fldismo inf rs
c mb r 6 2 1 te ie tts ie t to o umma yj d me t
r u g n.
Ha ng be n f l bre ed a a gued, he m oto i now r pe f di pos ton.
vi
e uly i f nd r
t
in s
i or s ii
II.
Di
scuss on
i
1
.
Le St
gal andar
d
l c n ie i amoinf rs mmayj d me t d rFe ea Rueo Cii P o e u e5 ,
n o sd rng
to o u r u g n un e d r l l f vl r c d r 6
ç he c t sr uie t vi w t f c sa dr w r a ona e i e e s i a lghtm os f vor bl
t our i eq r d o e he a t nd a e s bl nf r nce n i
t
ta a e
t t en n vn p ry' S a v S rud 1 F.d7 , 98( t Ci.1 9 ) Th c u t y
o h o mo ig a t. h w . to , 3 3 91 7 4h r 9 4 . e o r ma
'
g a ts mmayj d me t nl wh n, e n terc r a awh l a di t lg tmo t
rn u r u g n o y e viwig h e o d s oe n n he i h s
f vor bl t t nonm ovi pa t t r i no g nui i s ofm a e i f c a t nonm ovi
a a e o he
ng ry, he e s
e ne s ue
t ral a t nd he
ng
p ryi e tte t j d me ta amatro lw.Ceoe Co p v Cart 4 7U.. 1 , 2 - 4
a t s n ild o u g n s te f a
ltx r . . tet 7 S 3 7 3 2 2
( 986) Ter sFl Fas ons I . Buri onI .I , F. 604, 0( h Ci.1 5)
1 ; ry' oor hi .nc v. lnat ndus. nc.763 2d
61 4t r 98 .
Fo apat se ie c t rieag n ieis eo maeilfc t t v d s mmayj d me t
r ry' vd n e o as e un su f tra a tha a ois u r u g n,
4
tee d n emu tb t u ht a ara o a l j r c udrtr avedc f rt no mo ig
h vie c s e t c h t e s n b e u y o l eu n r it o he n vn
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pa t ' Andes n v.Li t Lobby.nc.47 U. 242,248( 986)
ry.'
ro
bery
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ba i elme sbyaprponde mzeoft e d nce:( )duy,( brac ( c uston, nd(
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h n M ur yv. t dS ae , 5F.d46 , 6 ( t Ci. 0 0 .t s n t err c s i
a u. ra Uni tts 21 3 0 4 3 4h r 2 0 ) s e t h ae a e n
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Ab
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c he lege glge c r m s i s e ry t n he ommon knowl dgeoflyme
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aes No. - 55
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td
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aes 475
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E. Va
); e lo bb
t
E.
45
( 2008) To stsyt s elment t ought prs nttonofe r t tmony,t pli if
Va.
. aif he e e s hr
he e e ai
xpe tesi
he antf
s t t debenee s de ii t tmonyo DrNori W . hil k(t . hil k',
ubmis he
s e poston esi
f . rs W toc û W toc ' a
Dr
)
boar ce tte ur ogit ( cke No.20- .
d- rii d ol s. Do t
1)
a.
Dut ( andar ofCar )
y St
d
e
The du y e e e r quiest pl i ift es a i h t a i bl s a r ofca e
t l m nt e r he a ntf o t bls he pplca e t nda d
r.
Rane v.Luz,3 S. 2d 1 1 ( 1 .Be a equaii to ofsa r ofc r
is
t 41 E. 94, 96 Va. 986) c us lfcain tndad- -a e
expe t i m edi a m a pr c i e c e i a i s ofs t ntve l w ,V igi a 1 w a i t t
rs n
c l l a tc as s s n s ue ubs a i a
r ni a pples o he
qualtcai oft e rspr f r d i t sc s . Pec v.Te m e r 834 F. pp.903,90 0
ii ton he xpe t ofe e n hi a e
k
ct ve ,
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9-1
( . Va 1 ;s ealoCl ev.Unie Stts Ci lAci No. 1
W D. . 992) e s os
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1
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t W D. M r 31
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t
6
Be us t alege ne i nceoc re i Vigi a N or a s c pl i i gove ned by Vigi a l w .
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r
r ni a
S e28U.. j1 46 9()( diai ta FTCA camsaeg v r e b t ta o teplc wh r t a to
e
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miso c u r d'
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t s ha l
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m nsrt s xpe t wl e f he t nda ds he f nda ' pecaly nd
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or
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s d
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ci
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el t d i l f
m e ci w ihi one ye r o t da e of t a l d a t or om i s on f m i t
di ne t n
a f he t
he lege c
s i or ng he
ba i oft a i
s s he d on.
Va Codej8. - 120( ( et2011.Theq si ofwhehe awine sstsist ditts
.
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)
ueton
t r t s aife he cae
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01 58 20( , nd hee
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dicei oft tilcour. W orma 201 W L 4054470, t* (ntr lquoai maks
s rton he ra
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' k n, 0
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omitd)( i W rchtv. ye,593S. 2d307,31 ( 2004).
te quotng i
Ka
E.
2 Va.
)
Ha ngconsdee t rquie nt ofj8. - 20( a Dr W hil k' t tmony,
vi
i rd he e r me s
01581. A) nd . toc s esi
t co t
he ur conc udest tD r W hil
l
ha . tock,a ur ogit i no qua ii d t r nde a e r opi o as
ol s , s t lfe o e r n xpe t ni n
t t s a r ofc r a i a e t Cohe s c fc ly, he s a r ofc r i pos d upon a
o he t nda d
a e pplc bl o
n- pe ii a l t t nda d
ae m e
nur e who tea s a m a whos PSA i t s e on a a
s
r t
n
e
s etd
n nnua bas s7 I D r W hil sde be e s
l i. n .
tock'
ne s e
de ii he c e t theha no knowl dgeoft tai ng t tanur epr cii r
poston, onc ded ha
d
e
he r ni ha
s a ttone
undeg s ( ke No.20- at47. The e fe,t e ha bewe ndefns c e a Dr
roe . Doc t
1
) r atr he xc nge t e e e ouns l nd .
W hil pr
tock oceeded as f l s:
olow
Q.
So,i woul befi t syt ty woul no know,ba e onyou
t d ar o a ha ou
d t
sd
r
l c oft a ni a e re a a nur e pr c ii ne ,wha t s a r of c r
ak
r i ng nd xpe i nce s
s a tto r
t he t nda d
ae
wo d ha bee f M s Cohe i 2004, ul yo
ul ve n or .
n n
wo d u?
A.
I a not s e wha s kne ,no,l do t ha a know l e o
m
ur
t he w
n' ve ny
edg n
t
hat.
(d.
I)
He ,bas d on D r W hil sow n a i s o he l c e
nce
e
. tock'
dm s i n, a ks xper know l dg oft
t
e e he
sa dst tgovenanurepr ttone ' pef ma a t r or,purua t j8. tndar ha
r
s acii rs ror nce nd,heef e s nt o 01
7
Alhough Dr W hil k aserst the aur ogit woul ha r e r Nor
t
.
toc s t ha
ol s,
d ve efred mandt t V AM C ur ogy
o he
ol
d p rme t e Noma dsPS b e c e 20i 2 0 ( c e No. 0 1a 2 -21, etee h ra k o e g s
e at n wh n r n ' A ra h d . n 0 3 Do k t 2 - t 0 )h h ra e c n wld e
t tt pr aii FDA sa d f am a ofNor a sa woul r r alr og r era o yoncet PSA
ha he ev lng
tndar or
n
m nd' ge
d equie zol y ef r l nl
he
r a h d4..(d a 4 ) W he a k d wh tsa d r o c r wo l a pyt t ep ro ma c o an rep a tt n r
e c e 0 I . t 6.
n s e a tn a d f ae u d p l o h e f r n e f u s r cii e ,
o
a s i t tt gov nm en ' sa d e t ihi aPSA of4. i det m i ngt ne f f rhe te t e w a
s um ng ha he er
ts tndar sabls ng
0 n er ni he ed or u t r r am nt s
ful , . to kfi dt p o iead fnt atr ai sa d r .(d a 4 47)
a t DrWhi c al o r vd eii l n t tn ad 1 . t 6. .
y
l
e
e e ve
6
58120( ,i no qualfedt ofe ane r opi onont sa r ofc ea iabl t Cohe
. A) s t ii o fr xpe t ni
he tndad ar pplc e o
n
i t s c s . I lghtoft sde s on,t co t us g a t govemm e ' m o i f s m a y
n hi a e n i
hi ci i he ur m t r nt he
l nt s ton or um r
j d me ta t Co e - wih u aq aiide etoe tbl htesa d r o c r a pia l t
u g n s o h n t o t u lfe xp r t sa i h tn ad f a e p lc be o
s
Cohe t pl i ifi una e t s ts y t ne es a y du y e e e ofhi ne i nc c ai
n, he a ntf s bl o a i f he c s r t l m nt
s glge e l m
ag ns Co n.
ai t he
Ont eoh rh n ,h c u t o cu e t a, a e o ter q ie n so j801
h te a d te o r c n ld s h tb s d n h e urme t f . 581. A) Dr W hil k,a a tveboa d-ette url s wihe e i clnia e re ei
20( , . toc n ci
r c rii d oogit t xtnsve i c l xpeinc n
t tfed,i quaiid t r ra expe topi o ast t sa r ofca ea iabl t Dr
ha i l s lfe o ende n
r ni n o he t nda d
r pplc e o .
W a ,a he ur ogit (d. t5 7.
de not r ol s. I a -1 )
b.
Breach
Vi wi t f t i a lghtm os f vor bl t Nor nd, henonmovi pa t t cou t
e ng he ac s n i
t a a e o ma t
ng ry, he r
c n l d st a t panifh sp e e tds fiin e ie eo ti s mmayj d me tmo in
o cu e h the litf a rs ne u tce t vd nc n h s u r u g n to
t c ea e a ge ne i s ofm a era f c a t w he he , olow i t M a 30,
o r t
nui s ue
t il a t s o
t r f l ng he y
2006 c ula i n
ons t to
w ih N o m a c
t r nd once ni t bi y r s t , r W a e br c t s a
r ng he ops e uls D . d ea hed he t ndm' ofc r w he he
d
ae
n
f ie t s he e ar pea bi y wihi as re pe i oftm e.Dr W hil k t sii d
al d o c dul e t ops t n ho tr rod i
. toc e tte
e
mpha i ly t t knowi oft t us ci ' bi y r ulsa ofNor a sco t n l rsng
tcal ha ,
ng he s pi ous' ops es t nd
s
m nd' nsa ty ii
PSA,t sa r ofc r r quie Dr W ad t s he ear pea bi y no lt rt n sx m o hs
he t nda d a e e r d .
e o c dul e t ops
a e ha i nt
f o t tm e oft M a 3 2006 c ula i
r m he i
he y 0,
ons t ton- s e i e a ound t e ofN ove be 2006.
om tm r
he nd
m r
td. t24 ) l ta bohpa te a e t tDr W a di notshedul ar pe tbi y,
L= a -26. nse d, t ris gre ha . de d
c
e e a ops but
rt r s he e onl ar t nvii f aPSA ts oneye rltr o M a 31 2007.( ke No.
ahe, c duld y eur st or
et
a ae , n y ,
Doc t
1 a 4; ke No. a 3. Fu t r e,atrNo ma rt ne t t VAM C o Fe u r
8 t Doc t 20 t ) rhemor fe r nd eur d o he
n br ay
27,2007,Dr.W ade di notschedul an i m edi e bi
d
e m
at opsy,buti ead,schedul a bi
nst
ed opsy f
or
tle mo hsltr ont M a 31a nt nt ( ke No.1 1 )
lre nt ae, he y ppoi me . Doc t
8- 0.
7
C.
Caus t on
ai
Li wie, hec tc l st t vi wi t f c si a lg mos f vo abl t
ke s t our onc ude ha , e ng he a t n i ht t a r e o
N o m a a r as
r nd, e onabl f ti rc d consr e D r W hil k' t s i ony t s a e t ti i m o e
e ac fnde oul
t u . toc s e tm
o t t ha t s r
lke y t n no t t i a r a bi y had be n pe f m e l t ri 2006,r a i n w oul notha
i l ha t ha , f epe t ops
e r or d a e n
adi t o
d
ve
bee r q rda tus t pl ntf woul nothav bec i e .( ke No. 1a 30
n e uie nd,h ,he ai if d
e ome mpotnt Doc t 20- t -
3 ) W h l t ec u t oe t t h panifsc s c nan s b tn il a n s e o t eis e
6. ie h o r n ts ha t e litf a e o tis u sa ta we k e s s n h su
ofc ai ( cai dbyDr W hil k' va iltngtsi nyont sis ) t co t
auston oc sone
. toc s clai etmo
hi sue,he ur
none he es m us vi w t f c si a lg m os f vor bl t t pl ntf a t s s a i t c e.
t l s
t e he a t n i ht t a a e o he ai i f t hi t ge n he as
Furhe r t co tr cog z t tt pl i i fne d no pr ca a i t a c r a nt b
t nuo e, he ur e ni es ha he a ntf e t ove us ton o e t i y, ut
nee o ypr tha t t fnda tsbr a hofdut wasmo elkel t nnot(..pr bl
d nl ove l the dee n ' e c
t
y
r i y ha
ie, oba y)
t c u eo ij r ' nuv 21 F.da 4 3(u tn Hu lyv. ie Sae , 2 F.d 1 91
he a s f nu y.'
'Mu , 5 3 t 6 q o ig re Untd tts 9 3 2 0 ,
1 (t Ci.1 ).Thus ad i avi oft e de et ti mos fvorbl t t
094 4h r 991)
, optng ew he vi nc ha s t a a e o he
pl ntf , nd bea i i m i t tt l w ofc us ton ld l i pr biii ,' ohe t v. l c
ai if a
rng n nd ha he a
a a i t ea s n oba ltes' D r v A e k,
641S. 2d93, ( 2007) t c tsc tane t c l t tt pli ifha prsntd
E.
97 Va.
, he our i onsri d o oncude ha he antf s ee e
s fcen e de t cr a ea g nui is ofma e ilf tast t is ofca a i
ufi i t vi nce o e t e ne s ue
t ra ac
o he s ue
us ton.
11
1.
Concl on
usi
Ase pan da o e t ec ur g a t ted f n a ' moin frs mmayj g n i is
x lie b v ,h o t rns h e e d nts to o u r ud me t n t
e ie y a t Cohe The co ta i s r s e t to y a lm ied po ton oft pl ntf ' c s
ntr t s o
n.
ur ga n t e s s ha nl i t
ri
he ai if s a e
a ans Dr W a es r i e ted fn a tsmoinf rs mmayj g n .S e i c ly t e
g i t . d u v v s h e e d n ' to o u r ud me t p ct al,h
i
pl i if s iss fci nte de e t c e t a ge ne i s ofm a e i f tonl on t i s s
a ntf ubm t uf i e vi nc o r a e
nui s ue
t ral ac y
he s ue
ofwhe he Dr W a sf iur t s he ear pe tbips wihi as trpe i oftme
t r . de' a l e o c dul e a o y t n hore rod i
f l i t M a 30,2006 co ula i n br c d t s a r ofc r a f rhe m or ,
olow ng he y
ns t to ea he he t nda d
a e nd, u t r e
pr xi t l c us d t pli ifsnee f r diton t r py.The c t ni t de e nts
o ma ey a e he antf
d or a a i he a
our de es he f nda '
8
moinf rsl r j d me to l a t t sd srt is e we e ,h c u t rn ste
to o t
mma y u g n ny s o hi icee su .Ho v r t e o r g a t h
motonwih r s tt t pl i ifsca m a i tDr W a i a1o he r s c s
i
t e pec o he antf li ga ns . de n l t r e pe t .
TheClr i die t d t s nd ce tte c esoft sme or ndum opi on a t
ek s rce o e
rii d opi
hi m a
ni nd he
a co pa ng or rt a 1c
c m nyi
de o 1 ouns lofr or
e
ec d.
ENTER:Th s t18 d yo J n ay 2 2
i
a f a u r , 01 .
.
Chi fU nied St t D i ti tJ
e
t
a es s r c udge
9
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