Blount v. Tate et al
Filing
145
MEMORANDUM OPINION, FINDINGS OF FACT AND CONCLUSIONS OF LAW. Signed by District Judge Glen E. Conrad on 06/12/2013. (kab)
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on t g ound bengr sr i d,hi fnge swe ebe bac r a hewaspoked i t e
he r
i e tane s i r r nt kwa ds nd
n he ye.
1
11.
A pplcabl L aw
i e
Ever i nat hast r ghtundert Ei h A m endm entt serve hi t m of
y m e
he i
he ght
o
s er
i ionme wihoute i ûc tela unus lpunihm e 'a t ha ofprs ofi i s
mprs
nt t
ndurng srz nd
ua
s nt' t he nds
ion fcal.
l t prs n c e ,t a ndme i ot t i tsfo i
n he io ontxt he me
nt yr ecs nmae r m nhuma teame a c tons
n r t nt nd ondii
whiei ioned.'W iln v. nimi 77F. 756,761( hCi.1 .TheEi h
l mprs ' lims Be n n, 3d
4t r 996)
ght
6
Ame d n d e n t h we e, r hbia1 p iainso f r eta ifitp i o ij r
n me t o s o , o v r p o i t la pl to f o c h t n lc an r nu y
c
a ns prs r .An ofi rawa hast rg ,a t dut t us s h r a ona ef c a
gai t ione s
tce l ys
he i ht nd he y, o e uc e s bl or e s
i ne s a y unde t c r um sanc t m a nt i or r
s ce s r
r he i c t es o i a n de .
To e t bls whe he t de e nt vi a ed t Ei h A m e e ,t c t us
sa ih
t r he f nda s ol t he ght
ndm nt he our m t
a lz b t s be tv a o j ciec mp n n so t ed fn a t' cin .I Thsa ay i
nay e oh u j ci e nd b e tv o o e t f h e e d n s a to s d. i n l ss
r qui e d nqui y a t w he he t prs ofi i la t wih a s f c e l cul bl s a e ofm i
e rs t
i r so
t r he i on tc a c ed t uf i i nty pa e t t
nd
(ubjci c
s e tve ompone ) a whehe t de i tono ij yi lce ont i t wa
nt, nd t r he prvai r nur nfitd he nmae s
s fiinl s ro s( be tv c mpo e t. l .
u tce ty e iu o j ci e o n nl' d
'
W he a i t c am s asBl tdoeshe e, ha prs ofi i l us d e es i f cei
n n nma e l i ,
oun
r t t ion fc a s e xc sve or n
vo ai no teEihhAme d nth mu tme t h a yb r e t s tsytes j cie
ilto f h g t
n me , e s e a e v u d n o aif h ube t
v
c mp n n .S eW hte v. bes 4 5U.. 2 3 0 21( 9 6 .Th imaemu td mo tae
o o e t e ily Al r, 7 S 31 , 2 - 1 8 ) e n t s e nsr t
t tt pr s n of i i l a i f r S a i i us y a s di tc ly f t ve y pur e of
ha he i o fc a s ppled o ce t lc o l nd a s i a l or he r
m
pos
c us ng ha m , a nota pa tofça good f ih e f r t m ai ai orr t e di c plne. 1 To
a i
r ' nd
'
s r é
at f o t o
nt n esor s i i ' d.
'
do t s t i a e m us s
hi , he nm t
t how t tt ofi i spos es e a s a e ofm i ofd a onne si t
ha he t c al
s s d tt
nd ç nt
w
s n he
i lc i ofpa n.' I a 322. l de e m i ng whe he a pr s ofi i lha a t d w ih
nf i ton
i ' d. t
n t r ni
t r i on t c a s c e t
wa onnes,t c t yc i s hfcor a ( )t ne d f t a i to offr (
nt s he our ma onsder uc a t s s: 1 he e or he pplcain oce;2)
t rltons pbewe nt ne da t n
he eai hi t e he e nd he mountoff c t twa us ( t e e oft
ore ha s ed; 3) he xtnt he
t ea t s ey ofsa fa i t s a r a ona ype c ve byr s nsbl o fcal ont bass
hr t o af t
t f nd mna e , s e s bl r ei d
e po i e fi i s he i
o tefcsk o t t e ( )tee tn o teij r i l td; n ( )a y ef r ma et
f h a t n wn o h m; 4 h xe t f h nu y nfi e a d 5 n fo t d o
c
t m pe t s rt oft f r eus d.l a 321 The e f c or ad t c ti i eri whehe
e r he eve iy he o c e d. t .
s a t s i he our n nf rng
t r
t us off ce w asne s ar orw he he t f c wasi e i l ai e a i lc i phys ca
he e or
ce s y,
t r he or e
nt ntonaly m d t nfi tng
i l
hann. I
d.
I a imaeha etb ihe t s b e tv r q ie n t a fr ewa a pidmaiiu l
f n n t s sa ls d he u j cie e urme t h t o c s p le lco sy
a ds dsial,h o j ci c mpo n i s tsidb as o ngt a t eh r s frdwa
n a itc ly te be t o ne t s aife y h wi h t h am ufe e s
ve
d rvil' W iki v. ddy,13 S. .11 11 ( 0 .Thi c nbes wnbyexn ni
d i a. l ns Ga
nont
'
0 Ct 75, 78 201 ) s a
ho
mi ng
t enau ea de tn O t epanifsij re a a id c to o t ea u to fr ea pl d.
h t r n x e t f h litf nu is s n n iain f h mo n f o c p i
e
I .
V
Fi ngs ofFactand C oncl i ofLaw
ndi
us ons
Thecou ttr tnot sisde e na i t tt vi o evi ncei i oncusveast t
r is e t t nni ton ha he de
de
s nc l i
o he
c us of Bl m t sa m sr ki Sgt Lya l The vi o f om t ha
a e
ot ' r t i ng . l.
de r he ndhe d ca e a i obs ur d by
l m r s c e
m uli e of i r ,a t Ra d Eye f a s ps pa tt pr ci e m om e w he Bl ' a m
tpl fce s nd he pi
oot ge ki
s he e s
nt n ounts r
be n t move. Alhough t i a ofDa sc pt e i t Ra d Eye f agepr de s
ga o
t
he m ges
vi a ur d n he pi
oot
ovi ome
r as t be ivet the di notpus Bl ' a m f r r ,6u li t l t c ti c nce
e on o le ha
d
h ounts r o wa d tma ey he our s onvi d
t tt vi o evi nce i notr la y s
ha he de
de
s
e i bl uppori ofe t rpa t The s e i t ue oft vi os
tve ihe r y.
am s r
he de
oft i i nt i vi i a es Ca da a Tucke . A lhough t f a f om t Ca da
he nc de s nvol ng nm t
na nd
r t
he oot ge r he na
i de pr vi acl rviw oft ofi r a t i t sa m ,i i i
nci nt o des ea e
he fce s nd he nma e' r t s mpos i et dr w a
sbl o a
r as bl fln c l i ast t c eofCa da sar m o me . Thevi oft Tucke
e ona y i onc uson o he aus
n
na ' m ve nt
deo he
r
i de i a s l r l unhe pf s m pl bec us i i di tc tt s e t pa tci nt 'ac i . A s
nci nt s l o a ge y
l ul i y a e t s fi ul o e he r i pa s tons
s h,t c ttndst tt vi o e de e doe notgr a l ad t pli ifi pr ngt tt
uc he our i
ha he de vi nc
s
e ty i he a ntf n ovi ha he
de e nt i e d t c eae ast ton whe e t y coul malci l i lc pan on Bl .
f nda s nt nde o r t iua i
r by he
d i ousy nfit i
ount
A sw ih t vi o e de ,t c tbeleve t tt r ai ng e de a
t he de vi nce he our i s ha he em ni vi nce dduce a
d t
t i lf l t m e tt pl i if sbur n ofaf im a i l pr ng a c tt i lvi a i by a
r a ais o e he a ntf
de
fr tve y ovi
ons iutona ol ton
pr ponde a oft evi e. The w hol oft e de e pr s nt whie note ie y
e
r nce he denc
e he vi nc e e ed, l
ntr l
c ncng one wa ora he ,c t a r a ona edoubton t pl i ifsve son oft e nt .
onvi i
y not r ass e s bl
he antf
ri
he ve s
Fis ,t courtfndscr bl t t tm ony of Ofi s D avi and Boyd i r
r t he
i
edi e he es i
tcer
s
n ecountng t Bl
i hat ount
6Da i a ar t l ehi baa easBl ' a m m ove , f lng a
ounts r
s ali wkw adl f w ad asi hew a c ughtu
v s ppe s o os s lnc
r y or r
f
sa
nawa e
r
byt acin.
he to
8
m o d hi a m f wa d ofhi own volton.Alho Boyd, ii
ve s r or r
s
ii
t ugh
postoned on Bl ' rght
ounts i ,
c dl admitd t tt onl pe e who c d bece t n oft c us oft l f n m
andi y
te ha he y opl
oul
rai
he a e he e t r
m o me a e Bl and Da s het sii d t ti a a e t hi t Bl mtl
ve nt r ount
vi, e tfe ha t ppe r d o m hat ot unged f wa d
or r
wihou pr
t t ovocai n. He saedt thef tBl ' whol body tns be or t move e
to
t t ha
el ounts
e
e e f e he
m nt
i c tng t hi t tBl m ove i e i ly.Ofi rDa sa s t tfe cr di yt t
ndia i o m ha ount
d nt ntona l
tce vi l o esiid e bl ha
Bl untmoved hi l ta m i e i l Hi de c i i oft e t wa c itntwih t
o
s ef r ntntonaly. s s rpton he ven s s onsse
t he
t tm onyoft ot rofi e sa wel a t vi o e de e. Het tte t theha Bl t '
esi
he he fc r s l s he de vi nc
esi d ha
i
d o mts
ha i a ( r s l k' a t hni us t m a nt i co r ofan i a e w hie hi ha a e
nd n t i t oc ' ec que ed o i a n nt ol
w
nm t
l s nds r
ot wi eunr tai d.Hee ai d t i wasBl tss
her s
esr ne
xpl ne hat t
oun ' udde move e t tc us d hi t
n
m nt ha a e m o
l ehi g i on t ha The f c t tDa sl tcon r oft ha i medit l afe t
os s rp he nd.
a t ha vi os
tol he nd m
a ey tr he
move e i a i c ton t tt l
m nt s n ndia i ha he unge f r r wasi ta e by Bl
o wa d
niit d
ounta c
nd nmeasa s prs
ur ie
t D a s D a sal o t tfed t ta trhe l tco r oft ha he a i d pr s e t t ba k
o vi . vi s es ii ha fe
os nt ol he nd
pple es ur o he c
ofBl ' anu andti t mane ri a y fom Sgt Lyal,e ai ng t i e aef l
ounts
red o
uve t wa r
.
l xpl ni he mm di t al
f wa d.
or r
The c ta s fndsc e bl t of i e s t s i o r ga di t s e t ken t
our l o i
r di e he fc r ' e tm ny e r ng he t ps a
o
r es a ih c r onc t s r ggl be
e t bls ontol e he t u e gan. The of i e s w e e ca d a
fc r r ndi boutt i a i to of
he r pplca i n
pr s eon Bl ntsfnge sasam e nsofe i t m t r - e ehi han .Alhoug
es ur
ou ' i r
a
nablng he o e s cur s ds t h
Blu ts f rdij re ,h yweer ltv l mida dweec n itn wihwha wo l b
o n ufee n u is t e r eaiey l n r o sse t t
t ud e
e c e t occ durng a s um be w e n m uli e of i r a a r s s i i a e. A nd a t
xpe t d o ur i
cr
t e
tpl fce s nd e itng nm t
lhoug
h
t c tfndst tB l
he our i
ha ountw asnotove l co ba i w ih t of e s once he w a o t
ry m tve t he fc r
s n he
gr m d,he c e z y r i t d t i e f t t r - e ur hi ha ,a t s 1 d t t i l c i of
ot
l a l es s e he r f or s o e s c e s nds nd hi e o he nti ton
g e trij re .
rae nu is
9
The c ta s not t tt of i e s de e nort oughou t i i ntc s sdoubton
our l o es ha he f c r ' m a
hr
t he nc de a t
t pl i if' t or oft c s . The co tJnds t t ofi e sco
he a ntf s he y he a e
ur i hat he f c r nduc e t m s l s
t d he e ve
p o e so al a dh ma l i d aigwi a imaewh h dj ts r y da o n xiu a d
r f sin l n u ney n e ln t n n t o a us p a e n b o o s n
y
h
dange ouss t nc o t rc wor r . UnderCa ai Tae' die ton,t ofk e ss f y
r
ubsa e n hei o- ke s
pt n t s r c i he t r a el
r m ove Bl untf om hi c l a tans e r d hi t t vesi e w he e he w a pl e i
e
d o
r
s e l nd r f r e m o he tbul
r
s ac d n
a bul t y r t a nt , pr pe r a ton t hi of e e. A lhough no phys c ly r s s a ,Bl
m a or esr i s a o r e c i o s f ns
t
t
i a l e it nt ount
wa ve baly co ba i wih t ofi e sa a a st ha bee i a voltl sa eofmi l
s r l m tve t he fc r nd ppe r o ve n n
a ie t t
nd. n
co r s,t ofi e swer r tai a pr e sona ,a a
nta t he fc r
e esr ned nd of s i l nd ppea e sm pl t betyi t
r d i y o r ng o
p rom ter o i s c rngads ztveimae Th a pe rnc o t ea ssi ofc r i t e
ef r h i j b n e u i
in pi n t . e p aa e f h s itng fies n h
ves i e a s be i s t pl ntf sac ountofa pr m e t t or hesr t d a s ul . The e w e e a
tbul l o le he ai if c
e dia ed, c t a e s a t
r r
hal doz n o he g r pr s twhieBl wasbeng r tai d,a t y a a e t be
f e t r ua ds e en
l ount
i esr ne nd he ppe r d o
c ualy obs r i t pr e e,r a t a ss onl i ne es a y.Oneoft ofi e swas
as l
e v ng he oc dur e dy o s it y f c s r
he tc r
souc d a i tt w al Alhough s eoft ofier e nt ly di as itBoyd a Da si
l he ga ns he l. t
om
he fc s ve ual d s s
nd vi n
s c i Bl
e urng ountal hi a srke Sg .Lyal,t de e nora a
fer s nu ti s t
l he m a
nd ppea a oft epr e
r nce hos es nt
smpl doesnotc
i y
ompor wih apl n t wa onl i lc pan.
t t
a o nt y nfit i
H ow e r t c tdoe not isbe i ft tBl unthass c de i r i i s e
ve , he our
s e t le ha o
uc ee d n a sng om
s pii n ba e on t c
us c o s d he ompa ion bewee t i i n wih Bl a t eofCa daa
rs
t n he nc de t t ount nd hos
na nd
Tucke . The f ct s z oundi a1t eei i nt a e r m a ka y sm ia t O a he .Ea h
r
a s ur
ng 1 hz nc de s r e r bl i l r o ne not r c
be nsw ih a i a e huri f c a t gua ds ea h i ve t s e n pr es of
gi
t n nm t
lng e es t he r ; c nvol s he ubs que t oc s
pl i t i a e i am bul t y r tai s a lt e i a esa e a l ged t ha s
ac ng he nm t n
a or esr nt ' l hr e nm t r le
,
o ve hove t i
d he r
amsf wad i oa ofi e a e cl t smese i t pr es;t ij iss frdbyt
r or r nt n tc r t xa ty he a tp n he oc s he nure ufee
he
i a esa e s m ia 'a m os i po t nty,a lt ee i i nt i ve D a shol ng t i a e'
nm t r i l r nd, t m r a l 1 hr nc de s nvol
,
vi
di he nm t s
a m d i t a l ge m ove ent D a st s ii d t tt onl i t nc ofw hi he w a a a e
r ur ng he le d
m . vi e tf e ha he y ns a es
ch
s w r
10
ofan i t srki a ofie durng t a i a i ofa bult y r sr nt we et t e
nma e ti ng n fc r i he pplc ton m a or e tai s r he hr e
c i r d a ti l l i ave yt ua c ncde t ti a e woul o y a tmpts h a
onsde e t ra . t s r mus l oi i nce ha nm t s
d nl te
uc
m a uve w ih D a s i ve D a shi s l not d t sr nge soft s f c a ha no
ne r t
vi nvol d. vi m e f e he t a nes
hi a t nd d
r s d e a ton f i.Bas d on t smia iy oft i i nt,i wo d notbe
ea one xplna i or t
e
he i lrt
he nc de s t ul
unr as na e t c ude t tD a s i ve e i a 1t ee i s pi i us
e o bl o oncl
ha vi ' nvol m nt n 1 hr s us c o .
The c ta s not isc
our l o es t once n ove t f c t tnone oft t ee i i nt r s t i
r
r he a t ha
he hr nc de s e uled n
f m a dici i r a to a i tt i t s An i ta c r wastld by Sgt Lyali
or l s plna y c i n gans he nma e .
niil ha ge
ie
. l n
Bl ' ca e, i w asnotpur ue A 1 t ee i de si ve alega i ofa li a e
ount s s but t
s d. l hr nci nt nvol d l tons ! nm t
i e i ly s rki a of i r a s r ousof e e ye t ac s uli a e y w e unpuni hed.
nt ntona l t i ng n fce , e i
f ns , t he t tm t l
nt
s
Alhoug t r ma be ma pe f c l be gn e a tonsf t sl c ofdii nc ,one
t h he e y
ny re ty ni xpl na i or hi a k
lge e
p tnilusiiai nmih bead sr t s e t ematru d rt r ga a i ivetg tv
oe ta j tfc to g t
e ie o we p h te n e he u nd vod n siaie
s nzi
c tny.
A loge her i w e g ng t pari s c lc i a co s t cour be i vest e de e
t t , n i hi he te ' onfi tng c unt , he
t le
he vi nc
i s
n uppor ofe c t bei e poie.Be us t pli tf ca rest bur n ofpr ng e h of
t a h o n qui s
ca e he a n if r i he de
ovi ac
t e e nt ofhi c am by apr ponde a e oft evi nce t c ti c
he l me s
s li
e
r nc
he de , he our s ompeled t nle i
l o l n
fvo oft defnda s Se UniedStt v. a aa 592F. 621 631( h Ci.201 (ia r he e nt. e t aes M ni n,
3d , 4t r 0) ll
-he
bur n ofs
de
howi s
ng omet ngby apr ponde anc oft evi nce...r quie t tiroff tt
hi
e
r e he de
e r s he re
ac o
bele t tt e se eofafc i mor pr et nisnone se e.)(uoai mar
ive ha he xitnc
a t s e obabl ha t
xitnc ' q tton ks
'
o te ) seas M c a v Uni dS ae , 9F.d 1 0 ,1 0 ( t Ci.1 8 )(fimiga
mitd ; e lo Ne l . t tts 68 2 2 0 2 2 4h r 9 2 afr n
e
fndi f t dee ntwheet e de wasi e pos ) Uli tl t c tfndst
i ng or he fnda
r he vi nce
n qui ie. tmaey,he our i he
l k ofc e rvi o e de ofwho i ta e Bl ' ar m o me t be dipostvei t
ac
l a de vi nce
niit d ounts m ve nt o
s ii n he
m ater Thi f i crii t Bl ' case,because w ihouti t courtcannotsay t t
t . s act s tcal o ount s
t
t he
hat he
of i s'use off ce w asw ant and ai ed a m alci y i lctng pai The W hil f or
fcer
or
on
m
t i ousl nfi i
n.
tev act s
11
exa i i pa t t ne f t a i a i off c a t e e toft t ea r s na y
m ne,n r, he ed or he pplc ton or e nd he xt n
he hr t ea o bl
per e ve by t ofi e s W hilv, U. a 321.Thene t t kl Bl mta r - e r hi
c i d he tc r .
te 475 S. t
ed o ac e ot nd e s cu e s
handst oug f c a wel a t t ea hepos t t ofk e s de ndsl r l o who wa
hr h or e, s l s he hr t
ed o he t r , pe
a gey n
s
r ponsbl f t at r ton i t fr tpl c W ihou adetr i ton t tt de e n s
es i e or he le cai n he is a e. t t
e m na i ha he f nda t
i e i l c e t t st ton,i c nno bes i t tt i r pons wasa yt ngm or t n G
nt ntonaly r aed he iua i t a t ad ha her es e
n hi
e ha t
a
good f ih ef or t m a nt i orr s or di ci i ' l a 320.The vi ,i oncl i a be t
at f t o i an
e t e s plne. d. t
'
deos nc us ve t s ,
sm pl do notena e t c t o c l t ti i m or lkel t n nott tD a si e i ly
i y
bl he our t onc ude ha t s
e i y ha
ha vi nt ntona l
pus d Bl un ' a m i o Sgt Lya l W iht r i ng t tm o a a co t oft t e
he o ts r nt
. l. t he ema ni esi nil c un s he hr e
i i t i s r c lc ,Bl ha smpl f l t pr by apr ponde a e oft e de e
ncden s n ha p onfit ount s i y aied o ove
e
r nc
he vi nc
t tt de e nt us d e e svef cei vi a i oft Ei h Am e e .
ha he f nda s e xc s i or n olton he ght
ndm nt
V.
Concuson
l i
Fo tera o ssae a o e t ec u t l e tr u g n i f v ro t edee d n s
r h e s n ttd b v ,h o r wi ne j d me t n a o f h fn a t.
l
TheClr i die t d t s nd c rii c e oft sme or ndum o ni n a t
e k s r c e o e e tfed opi s hi m a
pi o nd he
a ompa ng or rt t pli ifa t a1 co elofr cor
cc
nyi
de o he a ntf nd o 1 uns
e d.
ENTER :Thi 1 N d yo J n , 01
s 3
a f u e 2 3.
ChifUnie St t sDititJ
e
t d a e src udge
1
2
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