National Fair Housing Alliance, Inc. et al v. HHHunt Corporation et al
Filing
58
MEMORANDUM OPINION. Signed by Judge James C. Turk on 1/29/13. (med)
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Thi matri b f eteCo r o teDe e d n J Da sArhi c s PLLC' (ç. v s'
s te s eor h u t n h fn a t . vi c t t,
e
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M o i n f Pa ta Slm ma y J
to or ri l l r udgmen .
t ECF No.51 Pli if fl d ar s e,ECF No.53,a
. antfs ie e pons
nd
D e e nt l l d a Re y,ECF N o.56.The Cour he r a glm e on t m oto o J nua y 15,
f nda s ie
pl
t a d r l nt he
in n a r
201 a t m a t r i no rpe f dec s on.The s e i s r s d by t pe ng m oton i
3, nd he te s w i or i i
ol s ue ai e
he ndi
i s
whehe t Pli if c am sa i tJ.Da sr a e t t a rme c
t r he a ntfs' l i gans
vi elt d o he pa t nt ompl x Abbe l Gr e
e
ry e nPha e 1 m' ba r by t ap i bl sa ut oflmia i i t Fai Housng Ac ,ori t a
s 1 e red
he plca e tt e
i t tons n he r
i
t
nse d
s d be de d tm el ba e o t t ontnui vi ai n' docrne.Fort r s s tf t
houl
eme i y s d n he s i ng ol to ' ti
c
he ea ons e orh
beow ,t Cour c l st tt r a e ge ne diput sofm ae i lf tba e on t clr nt
l
he
t oncude ha he e r nui
s e
t ra ac s d
he tre
r c d as t whehe or no t Abbe l Gr e pha e 1 ca ms a e tm e ba r Thus
e or
o
t r
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ry e n- s 1 li
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,
Def nda ' M oton f Pa ta Summ a y J
e nts
i or ri l
r udgme ,ECF No.51i DENI .
nt
s
ED
1 FA CTU A L AN D PR O CED UR AL BAC K G R O UN D
.
A. G eneraly
l
The m oton cur enty bef e t Court i ves a lm ied and di cr e s of fact and
i
r l
or he
nvol
i t
s et et
s
lgalis .Prort t ni t t e is ,howe r t Cour pr de a g r ove ve of
e s ues i o ur ng o hos s ues
ve , he
t ovi s ene al r iw
t c e. Pl ntf s t N a i l Fa r H ous ng A li nc , l a t Pa a yze V e e a of
he as
ai i f , he tona i
i
la e nc. nd he r l d t r ns
Am e i , I ar a no ot publc s r i e o ga z ton and a nonpr i c or ton,
rca nc. e
npr k,
i e v c r nia i
oft om a i
r pe i y.ECF No. 1 Compl ! 1 11.Pa tof t mison ofbot or niai i t
es ctvel
,
. ! 0r
he s i
h ga z tons s o
ad ae f rt rg s ofpeo e wih d s biii st a ce sbl housng.I Pli if fl d t i
voc t o he i ht
pl t i a lte o c s i e
i d. antfs ie her
orgi lCompl nton M a c 1 2011 nn i HHHO tCor ai a o he e iist twe e
i na
ai
r h 7,
, m ng
por ton nd t r ntte ha r
et rt de ope sorma ge sofvaiusa rme co e s La ! 1 - 2.I b t t er
ihe he vel r
na r
ro pa t nt mplxe . d ! 2 2 n oh h i
.
.
orgi l Compli a t i Am e d Compli , Pli if al ge t t t co plxe
i na
ant nd her
nde
ant antfs le d ha he m e s
c aned a num be of desgn or c tu ton f am e t t c tt e vi a i of t Far
ont i
r
i
onsr c i e t s ha onsiut d oltons
he i
Hous ng A c , Til V l I of t Ci l Ri t A c o 1
i
t te 1
he vi gh s t f 968, a a e
s m nded by t Fai H ous ng
he r
i
Ame d n sAc o 1 8 , 2U. C. j3 013 9(THA' a dta t s fau e rn ee t e
n me t t f 9 8 4 S. j 6 - 61 1
' n h t ho e e tr s e d r d h
)
c
omplxesi c s i et dia e pe s .Seece r l ECF Nos 1 35.
e
na ce sbl o s bl d r ons
ne aly
.,
On Aprl5,201 Pli if fld anAm e
i
2, a ntfs ie
nded Co pl ntaddi J. vi asapa t ECF
m ai
ng Da s
ry.
No. 5 Am. mp . 1 . Ame d dCo litalg sta J Da i wa t ed sg ac ie t
3 , Co l ! 1 The n e mp an l e h t . vs s h e in rh tc
e
f ro y o o t s b e tp o e t s t !2 , u i ltrc re p n e c Plitfsma ece r
o nl ne f he u j c r p ri ,t 0 b t n ae o rs o d n e an if d la
e .
k
t tt y s
ha he oughtt purue ca ms a ns J Da si conne ton wih t e pr ri na e i
o s li gai t . vi n
ci
t hr e ope tes m d n
t l w s t A bbe l Pl c i Gar r N orh Ca olna A uson Cha e
he a ui:
ry a e n
ne ,
t
r i ,
t
s -pha e 1 i Ri a
s , n dgel nd,
So h Ca olna,a Abbe l Gr n- s I ,n M oor s le Norh Ca olna ECF No.52,a Ex.
ut r i nd
ry ee pha e I i
e vil, t r i .
t
B.
The pa tes ha snc clrfe i t r r s c i flngs on t moton f r pari
ri
ve i e a ii d, n hei e pe tve i
he
i o
tal
s mmayj d me tt a t e a ei a re n o t p it. rt t e a ret tJ Da i wa
u r u g n, h t h y r n g e me t n wo on s Fis, h y g e ha . vs s
no i ve i a has no conne ton t A bbery Pl ce.Se e c. ECF N o.52.A c or ngl
t nvol d n, nd
c i o,
l a
e. . ,
c di y,
Pl i if t once t y ha no c ai sag ns D a sw ih r s c t Abbe l Pl e a t r
a ntf s ç
c
de he ve
lm
ai t vi t e pe t o
r y ac , nd he eby
a ndon s h c am s' ECF No.53 a 2 n. Se nd,t y a e t t a t Auson Cha e- e I
ba
uc l i .
'
t 1. co he gr e ha , s o
t
s phas
Cç t Chas ',t camsa i tJ Davi aetmey a s d beper te t pr e a
Auson
e' he li gans . s r i l nd houl
)
mitd o oce d t
t ssa .Sç ECF No.52 at4.The vibiiy oft c am sr lt d t t t r c
hi tge e
a lt
he l i ea e o he hid omplx,Abbe l
e
ry
Gren- s 1 (f 1' i t t s eis r ie byt pendi moi frpa ta sl r
e pha e 1 1 I' s hus he ol sue as d he
AG- )
ng ton o ril lmmay
j dg n , n i ds u s di f rh rd ti b lw.
u me ta d s ic s e n u te eal eo
Theot rno e t de opme i t ca ei t t s e ntt addng J.Da sa a
he t worhy vel
nt n he s s ha, ubs que o i
vi s
p ry, litfse trdit as tlme ta dsiu ae j d me twi t ermanigDee d n s
a t P an if n ee no ete n n tp ltd u g n t h e i n fn a t.
h
ECF N os 44, Acc di l o y t c a m sa i tJ. a s r m a n i t l ws t
. 45. or ng y, nl he l i ga ns D vi e i n he a ui.
B. Fact R e at d t t Ti e i s oft A bbe y G re ns l e o he m lne s he
rl
e phas 1 C l m s
e 1 ai
Thepa tesa e (lhoughJ. vi doe s do yf pur e oft smoton,'s ECF
ri gre at
Da s s o çnl or pos s hi i ' ee
No.52at7n. t tt saut oflmiai be n t r f t AG-Icamsa i tJ. vi
3) ha he tt e i ttons ga o un or he I li gans Da s
on De embe 1 2007,whe t l tCe tfc t ofOc upa y wasis f t tpr ry.But
c
r 8,
n he as rii a e
c nc
s ued or ha ope t
s Se elv.RPM M cmt Co.I ,653F.Su 2d91 92 ( D.Ar 2009)(uggesi t t
ee ntl
. s nc.
pp.
7, 2 E. k.
s
tng ha
t lm iai pe i a i ta a c t c c d be n t nm whe he tc
he i t tons rod gans n r hie t oul gi o
n
iomplt d hi l s a tas
ee s at c
t ac t t f t alge y nonhe rhiec or he le dl
compla buidi
int l nf).As dic s d bel t a ia e
s use ow, he pplc bl
lmiainspei i t ye r .Se i r a 4( tng42U. C.j 361 a)1( ) TheOrgi
i tto rod s wo a s e nfa t quoi
S.
3( ( )A).
i nal
Co pl nthe e wa fl d on M ar h 1 2011 a t Am e
m ai
r
s ie
c 7,
, nd he
nded Co pli ,whih named J.
m a nt
c
Da s f t fr ttm e w as f l d on A pr l5,201 Thus i i c e r t t i t a e of t
vi or he i s i ,
ie
i
2.
, t s l a ha n he bs nce he
a i a i oft c tnui vi ai n t y,t ca ms r lt d t AG-1 a e ba r d,snc J.
pplc ton
he on i ng olto heor he li ea e o
l r re i e
Da sw asnots wihi t o yea sofD e e be 1 2007.
vi
ued t n w
r
c m r 8,
Pl i if c end t tt c i ng vi ai n t or a i he e a s vest AG-I
antfs ont
ha he ontnui
ol to he y pples r , nd a
he
I
cli ,bec us J Da swast ac tc r ponsbl f de i ng bot Auson Cha e ( t
ams a e . vi
he rhie t es i e or sgni
h t
s as o
whiht ea etmel cl ms a AG-I Ac r ngt Pli if,J Da ssdesg vi ai a
c her r i y ai ) nd
I. co di o antfs . vi' in oltons t
bot of t s com pl xe a e s fc e l r l t d s a t c tt e t l g a , s t m a i and
h
he e
e s r ufi i nty e a e o s o ons iut ç a r nt ys e tc
f
coni ngvi ai oft FHA.'ECF No.35,Fis Am.Co .! 6'jl a !29 (ef e i
tnui oltons he
'
rt
mpl ,.s t ( r erncng
t
alege FHA vi ai t trprs ntevi nc G aco i ngpater a pr cie g nssi
l d
oltons ha e e e
de e ç
of ntnui
t n nd a tc co itng
ot fitrst de i a c tu tco rdunisa t publca c
l alte o sgn nd onsr c vee t nd he i nd ommonus ae i a or
e ras n cc d
wi 't eFHA) The t u c n e d t a te c n iu n vo ai n d crn rnd r t i cams
t h
h'
. y h s o tn h t h o tn i g ilto o tie e es her li
r lt d t AG-Itmel
e ae o
I i y.
II. AN ALY SIS
A. St ndar Gover ng Sum m ar Judgm e M otons
a
ds
ni
y
nt
i
The sa d r s f r e auai a s mmay j d me t moin ae wel etb ihe .
tn ad o v l tng
u r ug n
to r
l sa ls d
E u r j d me ti a p o it o l i tkng t e e ie e a d a1r a o bl ifrnc s
t mmay u g n s p rprae n y f a i h vd nc n 1 e s na e n ee e
s
dr wn t r fo i t lg m os f vo a e t t nonm o ng pary, t m a e i l f c s a e
a
he er m n he i ht
t a r bl o he
vi
t no t r a a t r
ds ue a dt emo i pat i e t ldt j d me ta amatro 1w.'He r v. u el 6 2
ip td n h vng ry s ni e o u g n s te f a ' n v P m l, 5
t
'
F.d 5 4 5 (t Ci.2 1 ( n b n )( u tn Aus e ma v Ba k ofAm. r ,3 2 F.d
3 2 , 31 4 h r 01 ) e a c q oi g h r n . n
Co p. 5 3
8 6 8 9 ( t Ci. 0 :;Fe R.Ci P. 6 a .P tdfee ty,s mmayj d me ts o l b
9 , 9 4 h r 20 3
d.
v. 5 () u ifrn l u r u g n h ud e
e tr di t eCo r fnd ,a trar ve o t erc r a awhoe ta n r a o a l jzyc ul
n ee f h u t i s fe e iw f h e o d s
l,h t o e s n b e l o d
r
r t ave ditf t non- o ngpa t Se Eva v.Te hs Applc tons& Se v.Co. 80F.
e um
r c or he
m vi
ry. e ns
c .
iai
r
,
3d
954,958- ( h Ci.1 .
59 4t r 996)
B. The Fai H ous ng A c ' St ut ofLi iatons
r
i
t s at e
m t i
Th FHA alws$ an a g iv dpes n ( lc mme c a cvi a to i a a p o rae
e
lo û 1 g re e ro t o n t i l cin n n p r p it
E
o
Unie St t diti t c tor St t co tno lt r t n 2 ye r afe t occ r nc or t
t d aes src our
a e ur t ae ha
a s tr he
ure e
he
tr n to o a alg d d srmi ao y h u ig p a c gj'4 U. C.j 3 3 a()A) I
emiain f n le e ic i n tr o sn rdie .' 2 S.
61 ()1( . n
add e sng a prorve son oft s lm iai nspe i ,1t e Supr me Cour pr vi usy r c z d
r si
i
ri
hi i t to
rod h
e
t e o l e ogni e
t a co i ng vi a i t or coul a y t cl msofFHA vi ai .Have Reat Cor
hat ntnui
olton he y
d ppl o ai
ol tons
ns ly
p.
v. e n,455U. 363, 0- ( 98 .
Colma
S. 38 81 1 2)
l Thewor E t t mi ton' wer added by Congr si 1
ds ç he er na i ' e
or
es n 998 and s alcoursha not t tt
ever
t ve ed ha he
:
am e entwasi ended t cl iy Congr s si e t alow parl t r overf eariract undert
ndm
nt
o arf
es ' nt nt o l
tes o ec
or le s
he
F ta c n t uep r o a o g igp t r o qa t e S e eM, alc v Chc z Ho sn Auh,
HA h t o si t at f n n on at n r rci . e . ..W l e . ia o u ig t .
t
e
c
a
3 F.S 2 96 97 7 ( D.11 20 )(il H.R.Re No.1 - 1 a 33 rprntd i 1 88
21 upp. d 8, 2- 3 N. 1. 04 ctng
p.
00 71 , t , e i e n 9
U. C. A. 21 3, 9 )
S. A. N. 7 21 4 .
l Ha ns whih i ve alegai ns of a c i ng pat r pr c i , a polc of
n ve , c nvol d l to
ontnui
te n, a tce nd i y
unlwf r ci se rng,2 t e Supr
a ul a al t e i
h
eme Cou the d t twhe e a pl ntf a lges ça unlwf l
r l ha
r
ai if le
dn a u
m a tc t t c i
e i e ha ontnues i o t lm ia i pe i ' or a dc ntnui pa t n, pr c i , a
nt he i t tons r od,
'
t o i ng ter
a tce nd
polcy, a oppos d t me ey çiolt d i de s' t c i ng vi ai t r m a a y.3
i ' s
'
e o r l ts a e nci nt , he ontnui
'
olton heo y y ppl
Se i at380- s e as Na' Ad r Co. Ci ofRaegh,947 F. 1 58,1 67 ( h Ci.
e d.
81; e lo tl ve. v. t
v
li
2d 1 1 4t r
.
1 91 (h c n iung voain i a pl a l wh r te çttt r volto d e n to c ra a
9 ) te o tn i ilto s p i be ee h ç auo y i ain o s o c u t
c
s
sngl m ome bu i a s re of s pa ae a t' s t t tf t s m e aleg vi a i wa
i e
nt t n
eis
e rt c s' o ha i he a
i
l ed olton s
2 Raci see i , as defned by t Compl nti Ha ,i a ( actce by whi r estt br sand
al t rng
i
he
ai n vens s d i
pr
ch eal a e oker
a e t p eev a de c ua ep t lso rca sge aini a albeh u igb sern me eso
g ns rsre n n o rg at ' f a il e rg t n v i l o sn y teij mb r f
en
o
a
rca a deh i g o p t b i ig o c pe g i rl b me eso s c rca a deh l go p a d
a il n tnc ru s o ul n s c u id rmai y mb r f u h a il n tnc ru s n
d
y
away fom buidi a nei
r
l ngs nd ghbor
hoods i bled prm a iy by mem ber ofot r
nha t
i rl
s
her acesorgr
oups. 455
'
'
U. at366 n.
S.
1.
3 Com ment t s a coursalke have i ntfed t s t
a or nd
t i
de ii wo ub-ypes ofdcontnui vi a i .' See gene aly
ç i ng oltons '
r l
Eve L.Hil& Pe e Bl
l
t r anck,Fut e ofD iabiiy Ri s:Par Thr St ut ofLi iatons i Amercans
ur
s lt ght
t ee. at es
mti n
i
wih Dia lte Ac t e in a d Co tu ton Ca e ' 6 S a us L.Re 1 , 1 3- 45 ( 09 ;
t s biiis t r sg n ns ci
s s' 0 yrc e
,
v. 25 4 1 20 )
M o e v.M ilr& S t l ,2 F.Su 2d 4 ,50 ( D. .20 2) Thefrttpewa d s rb d
s ke
le mih. nc. 02
pp. 92 6 E. Va 0 .
is y
s e c ie
by t M os Cour asa tcontnui vi a i 't y,and t s
he
eke
t
s i ng olton' heor
he econd asa 6contnui efec s't y.
s i ng f t ' heor
The fr tt occur wher s e housng unis wer constuct w ihi t lm iatons perod and ot s
is ype
s
e om
i
t
e
r ed t n he i t i
i
her
wer cons r t out det perod,butt contnui vi a i a l al oft ac st ber
e
tuc ed si he i
he
i ng olton lows l he t o emedi Hil
ed. l
& Blnck,a 1 45.The s
a
t 44econd t çfequenty i ves an ac t t occur ed l ago wher t
ype dr
l nvol
t ha
r ong
e he
efcsc tnu it t pee t'a dtusi lo aplitf t rc e frltrij re c u e b a at
fe t oni e no he rsn, n h i lws anif o eov r o ae nuis a sd y n c
'
a
t t by ise fwoul betme- r ' 1 a 145.A numberofc s,i udi t N i h Cicui i Gar a
ha , t l
d i bar ed. d. t
'
ourt ncl ng he nt r t n ci
v.Brc wa 5 6F. 45 (t Ci.20 )(n b nc,ha erjce t ssc ndtpei t FHA dein
o k y, 2 3d 6 9h r 08 e a ) v ee td hi e o y n he
sg
a dc nsr ci c ne , cus i wo dalw rc v r f tee cso dici naina dno a ta
n o tu ton o txtbe a e t ul lo e o ey or h yet f srmi to n t cu l
dic i naoy acst to c re wihnt elmiainspei d.S eGa ca 5 6 F.d a 46 (t an if ..
s rmi t r t ha c u r d t i h i tto ro e r i, 2 3 t 2 t itfs
pl
c nf e a c ntnung vilto wih t c n iuig ef cs ofa pa tvilton....(a c n i n
o us o i i o ain t he o tn n fe t
s o ai
(j o tnuig
.
vi a i i occasoned by c i
olton s
i
ontnual unl ul ac s not by contnual il efec s fom an orgi
awf
t,
i
I f t r
i nal
volto '' ( iai sa d f o n t o te ) Putdifr nl t eme efc t tade in dee tc tnu
i ain.' ctton n o t o e mitd .
)
fe e ty, h r a t ha
sg fc on i es
t rnde ah i uni orc mp e i c e sbl (tla tu i i i c re t d do sno me n t tane
o e r ousng t o lx na c si e a e s ntl t s o r ce ) e t a ha w
o c re c o c r e c da t d fc i Iû u d r se Asnoe b t c rst tha erjce t
c urn e c us a h y he eet s e na d esd.
td y he ou t ha v ee td he
c n i n ef cst o y dthesaue oflmiainsp ovso woud e s n il b me ni ls i t
o tnuig fe t he r , çl tt t i tto r ii n l se tal e a nge s f he
r
y
c niun voain d crn wee a pid t camsasre u d rta scin b c u ea c mp n
o tn ig ilt o tie r g l o li se td n e h t e t , e a s o a y
o
e
o
de i ni orc nsr ci ano c ln b li c d b s j c t la l y i e i t l 'Kuc ma v.
sg ng o tu tng n-ompla t uidng oul e ub e t o ibii nd fniey. h s
t
'
To o Unv. 20 W L 2 41 6 a * ( M d.Se t 1 ,200 ) s ea s M o-ke 20 F.Su 2d a
ws n i , 07
69 8 , t 5 D.
p . 0 7 ; e lo s , 2
e
pp. t
5 (lft me e e se e o a FHA n c mpla b l n i a c n iui vilton un rt FHA
08 t he r xitnc f
l
on-o int uidig s o tn ng oai de he
t
hen t e i no lmiatons perod on a diabiiy dicrm i ton cl m i vi desi and
her s
i t i
i
s lt
g i na i
ai nvol ng
gn
c tu to ' .
onsr cin.)
'
Pl ntfs her have m ade cl t ar not a
ai if
e
ear hey e
dvoca i f t a i ton oft dc i ng
tng or he pplca i
he tontnui
e f cs' h o y a t t i Co tdo sno a dr s isvibiiy.Se ECF No.5 a 1 1 (s an if'
fe t't e r nd hus hs ur e t d e s t a lt e
3 t 2-3 t itfs
pl
cl m s ar not bas upon t contnui efec s ofpas vi a i but r heron t ongoi vi atons
ai
e
ed
he
i ng f t
t oltons
at
he
ng ol i
t ms le . l ta o yt vibiiyofapur c ntn ngvi aint e r i a is hee.
he ev s' nse d, nl he a lt
).
e o iui olto h o y s t sue r
c
ommitd a t tmeofe chac,t n t lmiainsperod be nsane wih e c vi ai ';
te t he i
a t he he i tto
i gi
w t a h olton'
l
L. a 11 ( plitf etbls saco i ngvi aton by s ng t tt tilga a twasa
ds t 66 a anif sa ihe
u
ntnui ol i
howi ha he tle l c
fxe a co i ngpr cie' (iain omitd) Ast f egoi lng gefom bot Ha ns
i d nd ntnui a tc ' ctto
)
te . he or ng a ua r
h ve
a N a ' Adver Co.m a s cta ,t n,t r m us be s
nd tl
.
ke l r he he e
t ome t ofr a i hi orconne on
ype eltons p
di
be we n t ac st tocc r d wihi t lm ia i pe i a t e t toc ured be or t t
t e he t ha
ure t n he i ttons rod nd hos ha c r
f e ha
tme.See j. Ot r s ,t a t ar,i t wor oft Ha ns Co t meel ts ae
i
l
. hewie he cs e n he ds he ve
k
ur, r y t oltd
i
i i nt . See 455 U . a 381 The na u e a c os ne soft r ltons p i wha i a is
nc de s'
'
S. t .
t r nd l e s
he ea i hi s
t s t s ue
he e.
r
C . V i biiy oft C ontnui V i l i The y A st Pl ntf s A G - I Cl m s
a lt
he
i ng o aton
or
o ai i f '
I ai
J Da s m a s ve a a gumen s i s
. vi kes e r l r
t n uppo tofis cli t tt c i ng vi ai
r
t a m ha he ontnui
ol ton
docrne ca
ti
nnots ve Pl i if 'AG-Ic am s The e i ude a a glme t tt Co ts d
a
antf s
I l i . s ncl
n r z nt ha he ur houl
fnd t co i ng vi a i n t or i pplc bl at t i t c e ofFHA desgn a
i he ntnui
olto he y na i a e logeher n he ont xt
i nd
c tu to cl ms (eyi i paton Gari ,a t tt Cour s d r f e t a y t
onsr cin ai r l ng n r
ca) nd ha he
t houl eus o ppl he
c i ng vi a i t or t a l w ot r s tm e- r d c ai s a i t an a c t ct a
ontnui
ol ton he y o lo
he wi e i bar e l m ga ns
r hie , s
oppos d t a om z ormana rofa housng c
e o n
er
ge
i omplx.
e
Pli if c e t tGa ci i i pplc bl on s ve a gr
a ntfs ount r ha r a s na i a e
e r l ounds Fis,a no e s a a
. r t s t d upr t
not 3, Pl i if a e not a s r i a c a m bas d on t c i ng efec s of pas a s of
e
a ntf s r
s e tng
li
e
he ontnui
f t
t d
dic i i ton a t Pl i if i Ga c awe e.
s rm na i s he antfs n r i r Addii l Pl ntfsas er t tGa c adoesnot
tonaly, ai if s t ha r i
go r t r s the ebec us i i ve a sngl pr ry a di no i vec am sas e td i
ve n he e ul r
a e t nvol d i e ope t nd d t nvol l i
s re n
t m ulipr pe t c e . Fi l Pl i tf s f t r pos t t t t co i ng vi a i i
he
t- o ry ont xt naly, a n if urhe
i ha he ntnui
ol ton s
pr ry a i a i ta c t c s a t t at
ope l ppled ga ns r hie t nd ha , lhough s ve a oft c e cied by J Da st t
e r l he as s t
. vi ha
i ved a c t c sr us d t a y t c i ng vi a i t or i was no pr m a iy bec us
nvol
r hie t ef e o ppl he ontnui
ol ton he y, t
t i rl
a e
t de e nt t r wer a c t t o de i r ,butbe a e t r we e no dic i naor a t
he f nda s he e e r hiecs r sgne s
c us he e r
s rmi t y c s
wihi t lmia i pe i
t n he i t tons rod.
Ast t a i biiy oft con i ng vi ai doc rne i g r , t Cour a e
o he pplca lt
he tnui
olton ti n ene al he
t gr es
wih Pli if t tGa c a e n i i we ebi ng a ho iy, woul no co r t out ome he e.
t antfs ha r i , ve f t r ndi ut rt
d t ntol he c
r
Thi c l i i butr s ed by m os pos - a i ca e , w hi h ha i e pr t d G a c a na r l
s onc us on s te s
t tG m q s s
c ve nt r e e
r i r ow y.
S e ikal ,t e h v ra Gacq a rj cig ony t e l dfe c ni un vo ain, s e
p cf ly h y a e e d r i s ee tn l h ç iid o tn ig ilt ' e
mo
o '
s pr n. , ..a rj cigo l t t p o c n iun vilto t e r wheet eplitf s e s
u a 3 ie, s ee tn n y he y e f o tn ig o ain h o y r h anif e k
t u e i t i os la iiy fr etcs o alg dy d s rmi ao y d sg a d c nsr cin
o s t o mp e ib l o fè t f l e l ic i n tr e in n o tu to
t
e
d fcs S eGa ca 5 6F.d a 4 2( ici n tr S cs' nt ed sg -nd c nsr cin p a t
ee t . e r i, 2 3 t 6 d srmi ao y é t'i h e in a -o tu to h s
a
donotc i uni a aleg deec i c e ; os ke, F.Supp.2da 507.Hee howe r
ontnue tl n l ed f t s urd) M e 202
t
r,
ve ,
Pl i if ' t or i not ba e on t e f c s of pas s rm i ton. I t a i i bas on
antfs he y s
sd
he fe t
tdic i na i
nse d, t s ed
Pl i if ' al ga i n t t J.Da s e ge i a pa tr and pr c i of dic i nai t t
antfs le to ha
vi nga d n
te n
a tce
s rmi ton ha
i l dacsofdesg bot outi t t yea lmiainspei (st AG-l a wihi t
ncude t
in h sde he wo- r i tto rod a o I) nd t n he
t ye rlmiatonspei ( t Auson Chas) a t tt e iec zs ofco ts dbe
wo- a i t i
rod as o t
e , nd ha he ntr otre
nduc houl
de m e tm e y be us i was pa tofa co i ng pa t r a pr tc Se e. ,ECF N o.53 a
e d i l ca e t
r
ntnui
te n nd ac i e. e. c.
t
1 1
2- 3.
Th vatmao iy o c s st a d e ste is h verc g ie te a p ia i t o t e
e s j rt f a e o d r s h sue a e o nz d h p lc bl y f h
i
c i ng vi a i t or wher t r we e al ga i , i m ulipr pe t c es t t a
ontnui
olton he y
e he e r le tons n
t- o ry as , ha
de l per m a ge ,orow ne ofm or t n one pr pe t ha a pa t r orpr c i e ofvi a i t
ve o , na r
r
e ha
o ry d
te n
a tc
ol tng he
FHA a a r ul ofdesg orc t c i def c s Se .e. ,The Equa m g sCt.v.Ava onba
s es t
in
onsnzton e t . e g.
l ht r
l y
Cmt ss n .2 0 W L 11 3 9 a * - ( M d M a. 3, 0 9 (4 v lnb y' ( e ep an if
y .I c, 0 9
5 3 7, t 8 9 D. . r 2 2 0 ) t ao a ' wh r litf
A.
)
alege t tDe e
l d ha f ndan sc t c e a l s 1 buidi i vi a i oft FHA, hecon i ng
t onsm t d t ea t 00 l ngs n olton he
t
tnui
vi ai t or a id t s ve cai sr a e t 77 pr ri s t twe e c
ol ton he y pple o a l m elt d o
ope te ha r omplt d m o e t n
ee
r ha
t y asbeo e s twa fld ;Th Eq a Rih sCt. Lin Ga lsRe ie ta Tr s,No
wo e r f r ui s ie ) e u l g t r v. o s be sd n il u t .
07-vc 2358,a 1 1 ( M d.Aug.1 2008) at he a ECF No.53- Ex.1(ti Ga es'
t 2- 3 D.
3,
, tac d s
3,
i ons bl ')
( nyi defnda s moi t dimiscai r ltd t pr ri c ee mo et n t
de ng e nt' ton o s s l ms eae o ope tes ompltd r ha wo
yea s pror bec us t c iui vi l ton t r was a i bl ba e on pli ifs
r i
a e he ontn ng o a i heo y
pplca e s d
antf
alegai ns of a pa tr a d p a tc o d s rmiain ;M e hi Ct.fr I e .Lii v.
l to
te n n rcie f ici n to l
mp s r o nd p vn:
M a kv Co t.Co.No.012069,a 4- ( . Te J y 25,2003 ,atc d a ECF No.
kows
nsr ,
t 6 W D. nn. ul
) ta he s
5 - ,Ex.2 C% e hi Ce tr' ( e yn moi n frp rilsl y j d me ta d h li
33
; M mp s ne' d n ig to o a t l
)
a mmm. u g n n odng
t tpa tm and pr ci e alegai ofFHA vi a i r nde ed tmel pl n if 'cai sr lt d
ha te
a tc l tons
oltons e r i y aitf s l m ea e
t t a rmentc
o wo pa t
omplxesc plt d mor t t ye r be or s twa fld,whe e at r
e
om e e
e han wo a s f e ui s ie
r hid
c mplx wa co ee wihi t lmiainspei ; lRiht Ct. Ca n Pr p. ut
o e s mpltd t n he i tto rod) Egua g s r v. mde o Tr s,
No 0 - 3 7 2 0 W L 8 2 9 t * - 1 ( M d.Se t 2 ,2 0 ) (cn e Pr p ry'
. 72 5 , 0 8
9 28 6,a 8 * 0 D.
p . 2 0 8 l md n o e t'
t
)
( p o dn te a p iain o t ec niuig vo ai nt e r t d sg a d c nsr din dams
u h l ig h p lc to f h o tn n ilto h oy o e in n o tu o i
t rt FHA i mulipr pet c ext;Sive St- F-i Ho .
mde he
n t- o ry ont ) l r ae ar us Counci.l v.Er pl ,362
t l nc. as nc.
S p 2 1 8 1 2 ( Ne . 2 0 ) (li r S ae' (e yn sz r j d me t o
u p. d 21 , 2 2 D. v 0 5 ç l tt ' d n ig l
s ve
)
mmay u g n n
lmia i is be aus t r was a diput of f c m t whe he t s me alege FHA
i ttons s ue c e he e
s e
at s o
t r he a
l d
vi a i a t o a rm e c pl xe c tt e a pa tr or pr c of FHA vi a i t t
ol tons t w pa t nt om e s ons iut d
te n
adi e
ol tons ha
coni di ot lmiai pei ;s eas Na' FarHous Alincev.A. Spa Consr.
tnue nt he i ttons rod) e lo tl i
. la
G. nos
t.
I ,5 F.Supp.2d 1 4, 1 - ( D.Ca.2008) Ct G.Spanos' ( di t t t
nc. 42
05 06162 N.
l
A.
' hol ng ha he
)
r as ni of Ha ns was a i bl t a a lge pa tm o pr tc of co tuci n- e
e o ng
ve
pplca e o n le d te r ac ie
nsr to bas d
vi ai oft FHA,i a mulipr pet c s ) The Cour fndst ras ng oft s c es
oltons he
n
t- o ry a e .
t i he e oni
he e as
pe s i and t r or c udes t t t c i ui vi a i doc rne c n be a id i
r uasve
he ef e oncl
ha he ontn ng olton
ti a
pple n
de i a c t ci c e unde t FHA whe et r a em uli epr ri s4
sgn nd onsnlton as s
r he
r he e r
tpl ope te .
4The Cour alo i unpe uaded by any ar entt t docti s d notappl t J. Da s
t s s
rs
gum
hat he
rne houl
y o
vi
becaus i i sm pl a ar hiect asoppos t a devel orbuider.Fis,asPl ntf srghty poi out
ets i y n c t ,
ed o
oper
l
rt
ai if i l nt ,
t cas t t i ved ar hiect i whi cours det mi t tt contnui vi a i docti was
he es ha nvol
c t sn
ch
t er ned ha he
i ng olton
rne
i
napplcabl t e court di not bas t r decii prm a iy on t f t t t def ntw as an
i e, hos
s d
e hei
sons i rl
he act ha he enda
a chiec i t ofa de oper or owner l t t r de sons wer bas on t r pe i court'
r t t ns ead
vel
. nsead, hei ci i
e ed
he es ctve
s
fndi t t no dicrm i t y ac occur ed w ihi t t year lm ia i perod as t any compl
i ngs ha
s i na or t
r
t n he woi t tons i
o
ex.
See.e. ,Kuchmas,2007 W L 2694186,a *4- M ose 202 F.Supp.2d at508. Second,t t xtoft
g.
t *5;
ke,
he e
he
lmiatons pe od does not pr de any prnci ed r on f ditnguihi be we cl m s agai t
i t i
ri
ovi
i pl eas or s i s ng t en ai
ns
a chiec sordesgner ,on t one ha a owner and manager ,on t ot r. I
r t t
i s
he
nd, nd
s
s
he he ndeed,t f ctt t
he a hat he
8
The que ton t n be om e whehert c i ng vi ai n t or i a i bl ba e
si he c s
t he ontnui
olto he y s pplca e s d
o ter c r b f r t eCo r,i .wh te te ei s f e te i e c h r fo whc aj l
n h e o d eo e h u t . , eh r h r s u t n v d n e e e r m ih u'
e
ki
y
c d co l t tt al ge a t o vi a i a AG-I a Auso Chas a e s fc e ty
oul ncude ha he le d c s r oltons t
I nd
tn
e r ufi i n l
r a e s a t c tt e a pa tm orpr ci e, r t rt n mer y
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