Harden v. Clarke

Filing 20

MEMORANDUM OPINION. Signed by Judge Samuel G. Wilson on 09/13/2011. (kab)

4

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J A C. L CLERK
ULi
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BY;
l. D
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TY cLERK

Ci lA ct on N o.7: v00192
vi
i
11c

M EM O M N D U M O PI I N
N O
By:Sam ue G .W is
l
l on
U nied St es Di ri Judge
t
at
st ct

Pe ii r Clnt Ce lH a de a Vi gi a i t pr ee ng pr K ,f l d t s pe ii n
ttone , i on ci r n,
r ni mna e oc di
o
ie hi tto

f wrtof ha s cor ,purua t 28 U. C.j 2254. Har n a g s t tt co e
or i
bea
pus s nt o
S.
de r ue ha he uns l
pr de i fe tve a ssanc on t e g ounds The Vigi a Supr me Cour f
ovi d ne f c i s it e hr e r
.
r ni
e
t ound t to of
ha ne
hi tu'e i feci as itnc of c
s l e ne f tve ssa e
ouns l c am s f ie o is m e is unde Sti klnd v.
e li
al d n t
rt
r rc a

W a hi tn,466 U. 668 ( 98 . Thi c tfndst tt sae c tsa j c ton o t s
s ngo
S.
1 4)
s our i ha he tt our' dudiai f hi
cai wa notc r r t ora unr as
lm s
onta y o, n e onabl a i a i of cla l e t bls d f de all w a
e pplc ton , e ry sa ihe e r a nd
di notr ul i a de son t twa ba e on a unr s
d
es t n
cii ha s s d
n ea onabl de e na i n oft f c s W ih
e t nni to
he a t . t
r ga d t hi r m ani i feci a ssa e ofc
e r o s e i ng ne f tve s it nc
ouns c am s t s c tfnds t tHar n'
el l i , hi our i
ha
de s
cli s a e pr e aly ba r d be a e he di notr ie t m i t sa e co ta he hasnot
am r oc dur l r e c us
d
as he n he t t ur nd
d ons r t d g ounds t e us hi def ul. The ef r ,t c tgr nt r ponde ' m oton t
em t a e r
o xc e s a t
r o e he our a s es
nt s i o
dlm l
s ss.
1.

Af e a benc t i i t A m he s Count Cic t Cour , Har n w as c c e of
tr
h r al n he
rt
y r ui
t
de
onvi t d
pos es i coc i w ih t i e t di ti e,pos e sng a fr a m w hie pos es i c a ne
s s ng
a ne t he nt nt o srbut
s si
ie r
l
s s ng oc i ,
a pos es i a fr ar a a convi t d f l The c ts nt nce H a de t a t a t r of 1
nd
s s ng ie m s
c e e on.
our e e d r n o ot l e m
5
ye s a 6 m ont i ar e a i w ih 8 ye s a 6 m ont of t t tm e s pende H a de
ar nd
hs nc c r ton, t
ar nd
hs
ha i
us
d. r n
appeal argui t t evi
ed,
ng hat he dence w as i t entt s
nsufici o upporthi convi i
s
ctons. The Courtof

Appea s of V igi a de e hi a
l
r ni ni d s ppea . Ha den a
l
r
ppea ed t t de a t t Supr m e Cou tof
l ha ni l o he
e
r
Vi gi a,whi h r f e hi a a . H a de t n fl d a tm el ha a pe ii i t A m he s
r ni
c e us d s ppe l
r n he ie
i y be s tton n he
rt

Count Cic t Cour alegi t t c
y r ui
t l ng ha ouns l pr de i fec i as it nc and t t t
e ovi d ne f tve ssa e
ha he
pr e uton e ge i m i c
os c i nga d n s onduc . Spe fc l H a de a l ge t tc
t
cii aly, r n le d ha ouns lw a i f e tve i
e s ne f c i n:

()fii t rques t tt pr lmi r heai ber or d a ta ci d a ( fii t
1 alng o e t ha he ei na y rng ec de nd rns rbe nd 2) alng o
fl a dicove y m oto t obt i c e of polc r po t ;a t tt pr e uton e
ie
s
r
i n o a n opi s
i e e r s nd ha he os c i ngag i
ed n

mic nd tb k o ngy p e e tng p ru e tsi n a til Thecrui d nid h sh b a
s o uc y n wi l r s ni ej r d e t y t ra.
mo
ic t e e i a e s
pe ii n,fndi t t hi c am s ha no m e i. Ha de a
tto i ng ha s l i
d
rt
r n ppea e a t Supr me Cou tof
l d nd he
e
r
V igi a r us hi a
r ni ef ed s ppea .1 H arde t n fl t i t nt f der l ha a pe ii alegi t t
l
n he ied he ns a e a be s tton l ng ha

couns pr ded i fec i a ssa e. Spe ii ly,he al gest tco e wa i fe tve i
el ovi
ne f tve s it nc
ctcal
le
ha uns l s ne f c i n

fii t ( )r que tt tt prlmi r he rngber or d'( advieHade prort til
alng o: 1 e s ha he ei nay ai
ec de , 2) s r n, i o ra,
ast t naur ofDe y Stt se ce t tmony a til a ( advieHaden,pro t
o he t e
put aon' xpe td esi
t ra, nd 3) s r
ir o
t i , a t t na ur of De y A d c k' e c e t s i ony a t i .
ral s o he t e
put
oc s xpe t d e tm
t ral

The c t s r ed
our e v

Ha den' peii upon t r s
r s tton
he e ponde ,a t sm atri be or t co ton r ponde ' moton
nt nd hi te s f e he ur
es
nts i
t di m i s
o s s.
lI.

H a de c ai s t t co elpr de i f e tve a s s a e i f ii t r ues t t t
r n l m ha uns
ovi d ne f c i s i t nc n a lng o eq t ha he

pr i na y he rng be r co de
elmi r a i
e r d.Ha den a guest twih a r c di oft pr lmi r he rng,
r
r
ha t e or ng he e i na y a i
t de e e c d have c os - xa i wine s s a t i lt s
he f ns oul
r s e m ned t s e t r a o how t tt i t s i ony w a f l e.
ha he r e tm
s as

Th Su r me Co r o Vigni a j d c td a d rj ce ti cam,tn i t a i fi d u e
e pe
u t f r i a du iae n ee td h s li i dng h t t al nd r
e
Stikl v. W as ngt 466 U. 668 (98 . Thi cour fnds t t t sae c ts
rc and
hi on,
S.
1 4)
s
t i ha he tt our'
a j c ton oft scli wa conrr t ora unr s bl a i ton of cla l esa ihe
dudiai
hi am s tay o, n eaona e pplcai , e ry tbls d
1l r usng Ha de spetton f a alo ha asr vi , teSu rmeCo r o Vigni,i efc,ajdiae
n ef i
r n' ii or ppe n be e ew h pe
u t f r i a n fe t du ctd

Ha d n' cam o t eme i . S eY1tv Nu n ma e , 01U. 7 7 8 3 ( 9 1 ; o sv Da i,1 2F.d 4 5
r e s li n h rt e s . n e k r 5
s
S. 9 , 0 1 9 ) Th ma . v s 9 3 4 ,
4 3n. (t Ci.1 9 )
5 6 4h r 9 9 .
2

f r llw a di notr ul i a de son t twa ba e o a unr as
ede a a nd d
es t n
cii ha s s d n n e onabl de e mi to of
e t r nai n
t f t . Ac or ngl , t co tdim is Ha de sc am .
he acs2 c di y he ur s s es r n' l i
l or rt e t bls a cl i ofi f tve as it nc ofc
n de o s a i h
am
nefec i
ssa e
ouns ,a ha a pe ii rm us
el
be s ttone
t

s o ta c u e ' p ro ma c wa d fce ta d t a te d tce c p eu c d hsd fns .
h w h t o ns ls e f r n e s eiin n h t h ei in y rj die i ee e
Sti kl nd,466 U . a 68 To es a i h d i i nt pe f
rc a
S. t 7.
t bls efc e
r onna e,a pe ii r m us de o ta e
nc
ttone
t m ns r t

t a c u s lsrp e e tto Selbeo a o jcie sa d r o r a o a e e s' I .a 6 8
h t o n e' e r s n ain t l lw n be tv tn a d f e s n bln s. d t 8 .
f
'
The e i a s r ng pr s pton t t a atonw y i a tng r a ona y. I a 688- To es a i h
r s to
e um i ha n t
s c i e s bl d. t
89.
t bls

p eu iet h sd fn e apei o e mus d mo srt t tb tf rhsat r e se rr ,heei a
rj d c o i ee s , tt n r t e n tae ha u o i to n y' ro s t r s
i
r as bl pr ba lt t t t out om e of t ti l w o d ha bee dif r nt l a 694. A
e ona e o biiy ha he c
he r a
ul ve n f e e . d. t
S ea onabl pr biiy' i a l obabiiy s fci nt t unde m i c i nce i t out m e.
é s
r
e oba lt ' s s
pr
lt uf i e o
r ne onf de
n he co '
'
=
l
d
W he e ua i c ai s of i f tve a s s a e of c
n val tng l m
nefec i s it nc
ouns ,f r ha s r le S a
el ede al bea e i f d y
m
be gr nt d onl i t s a e- our de s on unr s bl a i d t m or ge r l s a r f r
a e
y f he t t c t ci i
ea ona y pple he
e ne a t nda d o

i fe tve- s it nc ofc
ne f c i a ssa e- - ouns c am s e tbls d by Sti and
el l i
sa ihe
rckl

Knowl s v.
e

M iz ya e 1 S.Ct 1 1 1 9 (
ra nc , 29
. 41 , 41 2009) d rt doubl deee ilj ca rvi t t
.t
unde he
y frnta udiil e ew ha

a pist aSrc ln dam e au tdun e t e j2 5 d ()sa d r 'û th q e to (sn t
p le o tik a d i v lae d r h 2 4()1 tn ad, i l e u sin i o
'g
2H aden' peii i govene by 28 U .SC.j22 4 a d c a trl 4 oft Ani ro i
r s tton s
r d
.
5 n hje 5 he tt rrs
e m

ad Efet Det
n fci ah
ve

Pe at Ac (C
n l tC
y
AEDP '.28U. C. j2 -6 I amo t 1cru tn e, eio r u d rj2 5 mu t x a s
A'
)
S. j 2616 . n l s al lc msa c s p tt nes n e 2 4 s e h ut
i

a1aalbl sae cutrme isbeoeseigrle i fd rlcut j 2 5 (8. Wh nrviwij acam
l v i e tt o r e de fr ekn eif n eea o r. 2 41
a
e e e n li

a jdiae o temei b asaec u t fd rlc u t yg a t b a r l fo l it esaec utal iain
du c td n h rt y tt o r a e ea o r ma rn ha e s ei ny f h tt o r dudc t
s
e
o
( )teutd i a d cso ta wa c nrr t,o iv le a u rao a l a pl ain o ,cery etbih d
1 t sle n e iin h t s o tay o r n ov d n ne s n be p i to f lal sa l e
r
c
s
Fe ea lw, sd tr n db teSu rmeCo r o teUntdSaes o ()Ge utdi ad cso ta wa b sd
d r la a eemie y h pe
u t f h ie tts' r 2 t s le n e iin h t s ae
'
r
o a u r a o b e d tr i to o t f c si l h o t e i e c p e e t d i t e sae c u t r c e i . j
n n n e s na l eem nai n f he a t n i t f he v d n e r s n e n h t t o r p o e dng' j
g
'
2 4 d() ( )2 .A saec ur' a j iaini c n iee c nrr t ce ryetbihe fd r la i tesae
25 ( )l, d() tt o ts dudcto s o sd rd o tay o lal sa ls d e ea lw f h tt
cour ani ata c uson opposiet t tr ac by t Supr m eCo ton a q sin ofl ori t saeco t
t ves
oncl i
t o ha e hed he
e
ur
ue to
aw
f he tt ur
decde a c e difr nty t n t Supr m e Cour hason a s tofm aeral i si s bl f t. W ila sv.
i s as fe e l ha he
e
t
e
t ily nditnguiha e acs
lim

Ta lr 5 U. 3 2, 2 1 ( 0 0 .A saec u t e iinu rao a ya pl sceryetbl h dfd rl1w i
vo, 29 S. 6 41 -3 2 0 ) tt o r d cso ne s n bl p i lal sa i e e ea a f
e
s
t co ti ntfe t c r tl prnci e, unr s bl applesi t t f c s oft c e. l a 4 1 l i not
he ur de i is he or ec egal i pl but ea ona y
i t o he a t he as d. t 3. t s
enought ta sae c tapple f der lw i r cl r i m a onl be gr t i t applcai offde a l
ha tt our
id e al a ncore ty; elef y y
aned f he
i ton e r l aw
i un e o bl l at411. Fa ua de em i tonsm a by t sae c tae ipr umed t be c rct' a t
s r as na e. d.
ct l t r nai
de he tt our r t es
o
ore , nd he
'

peii r ha t bur n of r buti t t pr umpton of c rct s by d ea a co nci evi nc ' j
ttone s he de
e tng ha es i
ore nes
ç r nd nvi ng de e.
cl
'
2 5 ()1.
2 4e()
3

whe he a f r c tbeleve t sae co ts deer i ton'unde t Stikl nd sa r
t r ede al our i s he t t ur' t m na i
r he rc a tnda d
( a i or ec but w he he t t de e m i ton w a um e ona e - a s t nta l hi r
w s nc r t
t r ha
t r na i
s
as bl
ubs a i ly ghe

t es d.' I a 1 (uotng Sc io v.La i n,550 U. 465,473 ( ). S
hr hol '' d. t 420 q i
hrr
ndrga
S.
2007) d
And,
be a e t Stikl nd sa r i a ge r lsa r a sae cour has e
c us he rc a t nda d s
ne a t nda d, tt
t
ven mor ltt e t
e a iud o
r a ona y detnni t tadef ndan hasnots tsi d t sa r ' 1
e s bl e ne ha
e
t
a ite he t nda d. d.
'
Ha de c a m s t t c
r n l i ha ouns pr ded i f ec i as i t nc i f ii t r ques t tt
el ovi
ne f tve s s a e n a lng o e
t ha he
pr lm i r he r ng be r c de
e i na y a i
e or d.H a de a gue t tw ih a r c di oft pr lm i r he rng,
r n r s ha t e or ng he e i na y a i

t def ns c d have c os - xami wine s a ti lt s
he e e oul
r se
ned t s es t ra o how t tt i t tm o wa f le.
ha her esi ny s a s

l a j iaigt i cam o h b a r ve tesaec u tfun t a Ha d n ddn ts o t a
n dudc tn h s li n a e s e iw,h tt o r o d h t r e i o h w h t
(a r s
t ea onabl c i i def ns a t ne w oul nec s a iy ha t pr lm i r hea i r co ded
e rm nal e e tor y
d e s r l ve he e i na y rng e r
a tans r be ' The c t f t r f
nd r c i d.
'
our urhe ound t t H a de di not pr f r ç t t s i o w a
ha
r n d
of e û
wha e tm ny s
pr s n e a t pr i i r he r ng t t c d ha be n us t s es f l i pea h t
e e t d t he elm na y a i ha oul ve e
ed o ucc s uly m c he
'
3
her t
t m ne
o fc r 'tilt tm ony.' R at ,he courtdeer i d, Had n wa o l tpe ultig t a t
fie s ra esi
r e s ny d c ag l h the
s
n
of i r ' ti l t tm ony c d ha be n i pe c d ba e upon t r t tm ony at t
fce s r a es i
oul
ve e m a he
sd
hei es i
he
pr i i r he rng.' The c t al o not d t t t ç ec d of t i l r a s t t c ms l
elm na y a i '
our s
e ha he s or
r
r a eve l ha ot e
t r hl c os - xa i d t ofk e sa
ho oug y r s e m ne he t r boutt ri tga i a a g d t t co tt tt i
hei nvesi ton nd r ue o he ur ha he r
i s i ton w as i qua e. Ba e on is fndi ,t sa e c tde e m i d t tH a de di
nve tga i
nade t ' s d
'
t i ngs he t t our t r ne ha r n d

no e t bls t t but f c
t sa ih ha ,
or ouns ls f iur t ha t pr lmi r he rng r c de a
e ' a l e o ve he e i na y a i e or d nd
3Thec tnotst H a de now algesi hi f der ha aspe iin w ha t tm ony wasgi n a t pr i i y
our e hat r n
le n s e al be
tto
t esi
ve t he elm nar
he rngby DeputesStt n a Adc k,a ar
ai
i a o nd
oc nd gueshow t ttsi
ha e tmony w a i onsse wih t tiltsi ony of
s nc itnt t he ra e tm
t ofi e s H o e r t scour ca
he tc r . w ve , hi
t nnotdee m i t is bas d on f cswhih w e enotbeor t saeha s
tr ne he s ue e
at
c
r
f e he tt bea

c u t Se C uln v.Pn ltr 1 S. .1 8 , 19 ( l )(ç-e fd rlh b a she la s pi r
o r. e le
ihose, 31 Ct 3 8 3 9 20 1 ç-h e ea a e s c me eve rmay
çl
rson iii wi te sae c u t.... S cin 2 5 *)rq ie t tp io r mu to dn rl e h utsae
ep sbly t h tt o rs
t h
' e t 2 4 e ur s ha rsnes s r iai x a s tt
o
y
r e e bef e f lng f f de al ha
em di s or ii or e r
beas r i . I woul be c r r t t t pur e t a l a pe ii
elef t
d
ont a y o ha
pos o low
ttoner t
o
overome a ad re sae-our decso wih ne e de i r
c
n ves tt c t iin t w vi nce ntoduce i a f r lhabe c ta r viwe by
d n ede a
as our nd e e d

ta c u ti tefrtisa c efciey d no . (iain o te ) ûtwo dbesrn et akfd rl o rst
h t o r n h is n tn e fetv l e vo' ctto mi d s ul ta g o s e ea c ut o
'
t l
a l ewhehe asaec u tsaj iainrs tdi ad cso ta u rao a l a pidfd rllw t fcsn t
nayz
t r tt o r' dudcto eul n e iin h t ne s n by p le e ea a o at o
e
b f r t esaec u t' Th r f r , h sc u tsd cso i r n e e wi ou c n i e ai n o t ne fcsprs n e
e o e h t t o r.l e e o e t i o r' e iin s e d r d t t o sd rto f he w a t e e t d
'
h
i s r of t s cl m .T'e cou alo not t ti r pons t t r ponden ' m oton t dim is Hade
n uppo t hi ai
h
rt s
es ha n es e o he es
ts
i o s s, r n
expr s y r quesst t cour notco i hi ne f t pr e e i s
es l e t hat he
t
nsder s w ac s es nt d n uppor oft s c ai .
t hi l m

4

ta c i d,t r was a r as bl pr biiy ofa dif r ntout om e a t i la t ,hi c a m
r ns r be he e
e ona e oba lt
fe e
c
t r a nd, hus s l i

f ie u r Sti kl nd. Thi cour tnds t t bas d on t r or be or i,t sa e c t
a ld nde rc a
s
ti
ha
e
he ec d f e t he t t our

ra o a l c ncud d t a Ha d n dd no d mo srt p eu ieb s d o c u e ' fiu et
e s n by o l e h t r e i t e n tae rj dc a e n o ns ls alr o
r ue t t t t pr i i y he r ng be r or d. W ihou s itng w hi h t tm ony c ul
eq s ha he elm nar a i
ec de
t t ubm ti
c es i
o d
ha a s ul ha be n i pea he H a de s c ai i f r t vag a c l or t
ve nd ho d ve e m c d, r n' l m s a oo
ue nd onc us y o

s
uppor a c tt i lcai See Ni ro v.Le 971 F. 11 11 ( h Ci.1 2)
t onsiutona l m.
ckes n
e,
2d 25, 26 4t r 99
a og td on ot g ounds by Yeat v.Angeone,1 F. 255,261 n. ( h Ci.1 )
br ae
her r
ts
l
66 3d
2 4t r 999 .
The e or t s c tf nds t t t s a e c tr as bl de e m i t f c s a r as bl
r f e, hi our i
ha he t t our e ona y t r ned he a t nd e ona y
appled St i kl nd, t a i a e Unie St t Supr m e Cour pr ce nt i dim i s ng t s
i
rc a
he pplc bl
t d a es
e
t e de , n s s i hi
c a m . A c or ngl t co tdi m i s sH a de sc a m .
li
c di y, he ur s s e r n' l i
11
1.

Ha den al o c pl i t t c
r
s om a ns ha ouns l pr de i f e tve as i t e i f ii t a s
e ovi d ne f c i
s sanc n a lng o dvi e

hi , i t til a t t na ur oft e c e tilt si ony ofDe is Stt a Adc k.
m pror o ra , s o he t e he xpe t d ra e tm
pute a on nd
oc
The c t fnds t t t s cl m s ar pr dur ly de a t d,a H a de ha no de onsr t d
our i
ha he e ai
e oce a l f ule nd r n s t m t a e
gr
oundst e us hi de a t The e or ,t c tdi m i s t s c a m s
o xc e s f ul.
r f e he our s s es he e l i .

t( fderlcour ma notg a awrtofha sc pust apeii i saecuso
(A1 e a
t y
r nt i
bea or o ttoner n tt tdy
unl s t pe ii r hasf r te us e hi s a e r m e e by pr s ntng hi c ai s t t hi hes
e s he ttone
i s xha t d s t t e di s
ee i
s l m o he g t

saec t' Ba rv.Coror 220F. 276,288( h Ci.2000) s eO' lva v.Boec l
tt our. ke
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