Ponani Sukumar et al v. Nautilus, Inc.
Filing
161
MEMORANDUM OPINION. Signed by Judge James C. Turk on 12/6/13. (med)
c E rsoFlcusA mc v
t R A Fc
T
iu
R o dK ,A
o iv
FIE:
L
I THE UNI S
N
TED TATESDI CT COURT
STRI
FO R TH E W ESTER N DISTRICT O F V I G I I
R N A
R oanoke Di si
vi on
BE2 26 2 1
93
JUL
.
D
cjppz
'
;
PONANISUKUM AR,
and
SO U TH ER N CA LI R NI
FO
A
STROKE REHABI TATI N
LI
O
ASSOCI
ATES,l C.
N ,
Pl ntfs
ai if ,
)
)
)
)
M EM OM NDUM OPI ON
NI
By:Jam e C .Turk
s
Se orUnie St e Dit i tJudge
ni
t d at s sr c
V.
NAUTI
LUS,I ,
NC.
Deendant
f
.
Cas No. 7: c 00218
e : 11- v-
N
L
)
)
)
Th s matr i b f r t Co r n co smoi n fr st r j d me t P an if
i te s e o e he u to r s - to s o t
mma y u g n . litfs
Pona Stkuma ($ 1 r' a So hen Calf r a Sto Re bii i Asocae ,l
ni z r t ma' nd ut r
Suk1 )
ioni r ke ha luton s its nc.
(;
ûSCSRA' havefld arnewedmoi f pata s
'
)
ie e
ton or ril umma yj
r udgme ,ECF No.1 i whih
nt
36,n c
t cie t ne e de i s e ng s
hey t o w vi nce n e ki ome oft s m e r i asa ma trofl w t tt Cour
he a
ulngs
te
a ha he
t
p e iusyd n e . eECF No 1 3( e rnd Opno g a t i p r a d d n igi pat
rv o l e id Se
. 0 M mo a um iin r ni n a t n e yn n r
ng
Pl ntfs M oi f Pa tal Stmmay J me ,ECF No.80) Defnda Na ius l
ai if' ton or ri l r udg nt
. e nt utl , nc.
(i u i s'ha fldiso s mma yj d me tmoin,nwhc i s e j d me ti isfv r
ç tl ' s i t wn u r u g n to i ih t e ks u g n n t a o
Na u )
e
ast alc am s a s re by Pl i if ,prm a iy on t g o
o l l i s e td
antfs i rl
he r undst tPli if ha i ufi i nt
ha antfs ve ns tc e
e denc of dn
vi e
mage c us d by Na ius s c
s a e
utl ' onduc .ECF N o. 1 The pa tes a gue bo h
t
38.
ri r d t
m otons be or t Cour o Se e be 1 201 a t m otons a e now rpe f diposton.
i
f e he
t n pt m r 7, 3, nd he
i
r
i or s ii
Ase pli e i mo e d ti b lw,s mma yj g n i a p o rae a t Plitfs
x an d n r eal eo u r ud me t s p r p it s o anif'
cai unde t fde a f s pae maki saut 35 U. C.j 292,b a e Pli if ha
lm
r he e r l ale tnt r ng tt e,
S.
ec us antfs ve
p o u e i s fiin e d n e o a S o ei v ij y' whih i r q rd t s o sa dn
r d c d n u fce t vie c f t mp tt e nur , c s e uie o h w tn ig
c
i
'
unde t r vie sa ut Si ia l ast t rsa e 1w cli sunde Caio ni a W as ngt
r he e s d tt e. m lry, o hei tt a am
r lf r a nd
hi on
l w , he Cour c l s t tPl i if ha f l t putf t s t i ntevi nce f om whi h a
a t
t onc ude ha a ntf s ve aied o
orh ufk e
de
r
c
j r c ud tn ta t e s fee a ijlyp o maey c us db Na tlssv oain o to e
u y o l i d h t h y u fr d n n t r xi tl a e y uiu ' i lto s f h s
r
saut s Fort e r as ,e aned i mor de a lbeow,De enda ' M oton f Slmm a y
tt e .
hes e ons xpl i
n
e ti l
f nts
i or l r
J
udgm e ,ECF No.1 i GRANTED,a Pl i if M o i ECF No.1 i DENI AS
nt
38, s
nd antfs' ton,
36, s
ED
M O O T.
FA CTU AL A N D PR O C EDU R AL BAC K G RO UN D
A.
Fact
ualBackground
Att oute ,t Cour not t tt c os - o i a r a e flngs a e vol i ,
he s t he
t es ha he r sm tons nd elt d ii
r
um nous
c an e e i e bis a a es a num be ofis t tt Cou twilnotr c i t s
ont i xt nsve xhi t , nd ddr s
r s ues ha he
r l
ea h n hi
opi on.l Fo e m pl i wil be t ne es a y t a es Pl i if m oton f s m a y
ni
r xn e, t l
m c s r o ddr s a ntf s'
i or um r
j d me t a a1 ( ih f c s s e trl o is e rltd t la iiy ,b c u e te Co r'
u g n t 1 wh c o u e niey n s u s eae o ib l ) e a s h u ts
t
c usonsast da a r nde Pl i if moton m oot Ac or ng y,i dic sng t f ct
oncl i
o m ges e r antfs' i
. c di l n s us i he a ual
ba kg ound oft c e,t Cour f eson t ba kg ot mos pe tne t t i s s i t s
c r
he as he
t ocus
he c r md
t ri nt o he s ue n hi
opi on a om isa dic son oft ba kgr md r l t t m a ot rl li s r s d by t
ni nd
t
s us i
he c ot e aed o ny he ega s ues aie
he
pa te .Prmmiy,t Cour f us on t f c s r lt d t dn a s snce t lc ofpr of
ris i l he
t oc es he a t e ae o m ge , i he a k
oof
dn
mage c us by Na ius sco uc i t ba i oft Co tsr i
s a ed
utl ' nd t s he s s he ur' ulng.
Na ius i a publcy-r de Am e i a cop or ton, hea
utl s
il ta d
rc n
ai
dqua tr d i Va ouver
re e n
nc
,
W a hi o ECF No. 1 6,M ur k Dec .a ! 2 l h s b e i te e rie a d ft e s
s ngt n.
38doc
l t . t a e n n h xecs n in s
e pm e i ty f overt nt fve ye r a de l ,ma actr s and m a ke ss ve a
qui nt ndusr or
we y-i
a s nd veops nuf tle ,
r t e rl
1 The pari 'bre i i t s cas has i uded notonl t usualr
tes ifng n hi e
ncl
y he
espons and r y t each
e
epl o
mo in,b tas d u nt o j cig o va i sg o dst c rane d n e a t tmon s mitdby
to u lo oc me s b e tn n rou r un o e ti vie c nd esi y ub te
t op sngpat Alo,Dee da th sfldarq s frj diilnoiea t svea do u ns ECF
he po i ry. s fn n a ie e uet o u ca tc s o e rl c me t,
No.138- a 2- and a s a e sa ementofundiput f t wih s
7 t 3,
epar t tt
s ed ac s t uppori r d ci i Pl ntfs
tng ecor utons. ai if
obe tt t e spa ae sae n o f cso va iusg ou ,i l i t ti i f na t rz d'b t s
j c o h e rt tt me t f a t n ro r nds ncudng ha t s x uho ie ' y hi
u
Cour' l r es ECF No.155 a 2.They f t ar t t s a e entl ksr eva and t i i
ts ocal ul .
t
urher gue hat he t t m
ac el nce
hat t s
ë mbg s u ne lgbl; se di ;a d c n ani dipue fcs'L. Th f c t tt lc lr e do
I iuou ; nitli i e mila ng n o t i ng s td a t. d e a t ha he o a uls
a
' a
notcont pl e t flng ofsuch a s at sat entdoesnotr rt sat
em at he ii
epar e t em
ende he t ementuna horzed and t
ut i
he
Cou th sc nsde e i,b me ey a a g d t te rc d. wih a y s mmayj gme tr i t e
r a o i rd t ut r l s uie o h e or As t n u r ud n ul h
ng,
Co t ssisde so o yo c tn smmayj g n e d nc .S eFe R. v. 5
urbae t ciin nl n ompee t u r ud me t vit e e d. Ci P. 6.
difr tlne offt spr t bot domesi ly a d i e nai ly.I a ! 2- l slsis
feen i s ines oducs h
tcal n ntr tonal d, t ! 3. t el t
pr t die ty t c lmer t ough t lvii a rii c t l ,and t l e net a as
oduc s r c l o onsl s hr
ee son dve tsng, a aogs
he nt r , nd lo
ofe spr
f r oducs t ough a ne wor ofi pende r a lc
t hr
t k nde
nt eti ompani wih sor s a we ie .1
es t t e nd bst s d.
a !3.
t
Pl i if Pona Sukum a i a i vi ua and Calf i r sde . ECF No. 138antf
ni
r s n ndi d l
iom a e i nt
3,
32
ounde Pli tf Sout r Calf i Stoke Re lt ton As ocit s
d a n if
he n iom a r
habiia i
s ae ,
Sukum arD ep.at1 . He f
l c (SCS ' i 2 0 a d i isP e ie t 1 a 1 -4,4 W h n SCS wa e tbih d,
n . : RA' n 0 4 n s t r sd n . d. t 3 1 6. e
S
I
RA s sa ls e
Suklma i e d t utlze t c po ai n t e nt ly ope a oxi a ey 70 sr ke
z r nt nde o ii he or r to o ve ual
n ppr m t l
to
r habiia i c nt r t te t el ry a m e c l pa int .1 a 63,66.Hi motvai f
e ltton e e s o r a de l nd di a te s d. t
s
i ton or
esabls ng SCSIA se med fom hi pe s le ince sa tng i 1 94,wih hi ede l
t ihi
I tm
r
s r ona xpere , t ri n 9
t s l ry
ft e ' ile s s ECF No 1 0-0,S k ma De l a !6. Aspa to h satmp st h l hs
ah rs l se .
n
. 5 1 u u r c. t 3
r f i te t o ep i
f t r gai f
aher e n undi lt he tc
ona iy,
iondud t t sr ngt tai ng e pm e woul f r t
ed ha te h r ni qui nt
d o m he
nuclus'of hi f t r s r ha lt ton pl 1 W he he f mde SCSRA,he i e d t us
e '
s ahe ' e biia i
an. d.
n
ot d
nt nde o e
srngh tann e up n i S
te t r iig q ime t n CSRA' c ne s a wel 1 a ! 1 s eas Am. mp . !2 S e tr , s l.d. t 3; e lo
Co l ! 5
29 (xpli ng t tSCSRA wasf
e ani ha
ounde i or t ge rt pr i by ofei Cûrdii '
d n der o neae oft
frng tta tonal
physc l r habiia i i a ton t ot r te t nt modaltes i udi dit me a and
i a e ltton n ddii o he r a me
ii , ncl ng e , nt l
s rt l wel s ';t physc l r ha lt to pr r m woul us s c fc t
piiua
lne s' he
ia e biiai n og a
d e pe ii ypes of e r ie
xe c s
2 Ref e
er ncest EsukumarDep.' her n r f t t exce pt a t hed t N a ius' m em or ndum ,
os
' ei e er o he
r s tac
o utl s
a
a ECF No.138- Pl ntf shave s r el fl a onet
3. ai if
epa at y ied
page excer fom t deposii s ECF No.
pt r he
ton, ee
1 7,butt page i i uded i ECF No.1 3,aswel.
50hat
s ncl
n
38l
3A sNautl poi sout Sukum a s deposii t tm ony i notal ys conss e wih hi l er
ius nt
r'
ton esi
s
wa
it nt t s at ,
fl decl aton, and Nautl has r
ied
ar i
ius
equesed t t t Cour srke t decl a i i is entr y or
t ha he
t ti he
ar ton n t
iet
dir g r i.ECF No.1 3 a 6- ( ii Ba wikv. ltx Cor ,7 F.d 94 9 ( t Ci.1 4)a
se a d t
5 t 7 ctng r c Ceoe
p. 36 2 6, 60 4h r 98 nd
ohe a t ort f rt pr posto t tapa t ma no c e t a ds t offc f rs
t r u h iy o he o iin ha
ry y t r ae ipu e a t o ummay j g n
r ud me t
d i yb s mit a a fd vi c ta ci hi o p irtsi ny'.TheCo t gre t t ri s
û mpl y ub ti n fia t onr ditng s wn ro e tmo '
s
ng
)
ur a e s ha po ton
of t decl aton contadit Sukum ar s s n deposton t tm ony a t ca
he
ar i
r c
' wor
ii esi
nd hus nnot be consi r
de ed.
Bar c 736 F. at960.Some ofwhatNautl deemst be tconfitng' t tm ony,however a r
wik,
2d
ius
o t lc i ' esi
, ppea s
t t Cour t sm pl be cl iyi orel atng on deposton t tmony.To t e entt tdeclr i
o he
to i y
arf ng
abor i
ii esi
he xt ha
a aton
smpl el at on Sukum arsde ii t tm ony,butdoesnotcontaditi,t Courtconsde i.
i y abor es
' poston esi
r c t he
i rs t
e pm e t woul wo k f %fai el ry clent wih lm ie physc lsr ngt 'an c an
qui nt hat
d r or lr l de l i s t i t d
i a te h' d ont i
c rans ft fau e t S r tc c mp o sdcins'.
e ti a ey e t rs o t oe t o r mie l t'
p
e )
Suktm a e ai t the was ç ti e esed i t us of t Arhur J
l r xpl ns ha
t
mos ntr t n he e
he t
ones i pie
ns r d
cor desgnsofNa iuss2ST a ( xtGe rto Cd ' lnesof ma hi s' bu t the
e i
utl '
nd Ne
ne ain NG' i
)
j c ne ,' t ha
beleve t em a hi woul ha t be modiid i or rt pr ry s r t s ortt s
i d hos
c nes
d ve o
fe n de o ope l e ve he eni ines
a d rh bl ain mak t 1 a ! 6, .Th s mo iiai n icu e fat e d sg e t a ss
n e a itto r e .d. t ! 8 e e dfc to s n ld d e tl s e in d o sit
i
r
el ry ori im paint t us t m s fl Se tk a !( - .Slu ra e st a sn et elt
del nfr te s o e he aey. e t t !7 8 t ma v r h t ic h ae
k
.
1
990s he ha d or
,
s t med a c i ly r fne ve y s ik c
f
nd ontnua l e i d, r pec f once s a c ie i f r m a hi s
pt nd rt r a o
c ne
i t es no fte smake. I . t 7
n h e ir i s r t' d a ! .
n
'
Aspa tofhi r s a ch,Sukum a pur has d anum be ofdif r nte r s m a hi sfom
r
s eer
r c e
r
fe e xe cie c ne r
a
y
Na iusa ot rma a t e s J.a !23c . SCS c re t o a p o i tl 1 0 1 0
utl nd he nufcurr .4. t ()4 RA u r nl wns p r xmaey 1 - 2
.
N a ius m ac nest tha be plr has e t rdi e ty by SCSR A orpur ha e by Sukum ar
ut l
hi ha ve en zc ed ihe r c l
c sd
a owne s p ta f r e t SCSRA. Sukuma De a 96- Appr xi t l 50- of t
nd
rhi r ns e r d o
r p. t 97.
o ma ey
55
he
ma hn s ta ae t e s be t o ti lws i wee p r h s d wi i te tvey a p ro
c ie h t r h u jc f h s a ut r u c a e t n h i - e r ei d
h
pr c ng t flng of s t a a e t e or w ihi t a i a e s a ut of lm ia i .I a
e edi he ii
ui nd r her f e t n he pplc bl t t e
i t tons d. t
148.
Pe tne he e,Sukum a c am st ti t co s ofi tga i N a tl m a hi ,he
ri nt r
r l i ha n he ur e nvesi tng u ius c nes
was s ve a tmes t d by Na ius e oye or r pr en a i t tN a ius m a hi s we e
e rl i
ol
utl mpl es
e es t tves ha
utl
c ne
r
pae e a t tNa iusvi ousy pr ec st m a hi sfom pae i rnge e .Suklma
tnt d nd ha utl gor l ot t he c ne r
t nt nfi m nt
l r
De l a ! 9 1 .Ad i o al,teNa tlsma h n sa is e i ti lws i c n an d p tn
c . t ! - 0 dt n l h uiu c i e t su n h s a ut o tie ae t
i y
l be s A lhough N a ius r pea edl poi s t a por i of Sub l a ' t s i ony as hi
a l. t
utl e t y
nt o
ton
m r s e tm
m
S once ng' t the di note n l a t pa en l bel untlafe he had pur has d t m ,t t
û
c
di ' ha
d
ve ook t he t t a s i t r
c e he ha
4 One oft or s f anot compa al o r uled i ltga i br
he der rom
her
ny s es t n ii ton oughtby Sukum a See
r.
Su ma v. at Te hRe .l c.201 W L 93 9( lCtApp. a . 9, 3 .
ku r He lh c s. n , 3
061 Ca. .
M r 2 201 )
t s i ony c
e tm
nnnot be z t w e g N autl a s gns i.A s e a ned i Pl i i f 'r s
a he i ht
ius s i
t
xpl i
n a ntf s e pons s e
e, e
ECF No.1 a 24- de e e couns lsque toni di notas Stkum a t i ntf ea h a
50 t 25, f ns
e'
si ng d
k l
r o de iy c nd
e y i t ehe ha l d a t paentl l,nordi Sukum a t tf t tt onei t nc he
ver nsanc
d ooke t he t abe s
d
r esiy ha he
nsa e
me i
ntoned ofr vi ng t l be swa t onl tme heha l
e ewi he a l s he y i
d ooked a t .M or ove ,t e i
t hem
e r her s
a tonale de e (ncudi phot a ofpae l l tke aound 2003)t tSu
ddii
vi nc i l ng
ogrphs
tnt abes a n r
ha kuma
r
l d a pa e l bel prort pur ha i t m a hi sati s i t sl w s t
ooke t t nt a s i o c s ng he c ne
s ue n hi a ui.
Ast sCou tha ar dy nzed,a l s s
hi
r s lea
l t ea t ome oft paen l l on t m a hi swe e
he t t abe s he c ne r
f le,i t tt y lse paen st tdi nota y t t tpa tc a m a hi Specfc ly,ni of
a s n ha he it d t t ha d
ppl o ha riulr c ne.
ii a l ne
t m a hi sNa iusmanuf cur d a is I
he c ne utl
a t e t t ndepe nce,Vigi a plnt sx sr ngt m a hi s
nde
r ni a - i te h c ne
a t eeca di s ulrmac nes we e unpa e ed a f s l m a ked.Se ECF No.1 a 5nd hr
r ova c a
hi - r
t nt nd aley r
e
03 t
8 Th sx srngh ma h n sc nan d lb l r frn ig a la teg tia pl a l pae t (f
. e i te t c i e o tie a es e ee cn t e s ih n p i be tn s o
c
t t f lsed on t lbe) Li wie t c r o ma hi c aned lbesrfrncng a
weny-our it
he a l. ke s , he adi c nes onti a l eee i t
las eghti pplca epae s( sxt nlse ont lbel.d.
e t i na i bl tnt of i ee itd he a ) 1
l addii t ptr hasng of-he-hel Nautl equi
n
ton o lc i
ft s f
ius
pment SIIUmr alo plc s ve a
, Zt
s a ed e r l
or r i 1
de s n 998 a 1
nd 999 f a nlmber of c t z Na ius mac nes t he cli s
or
z
usomi ed utl
hi
hat
am
i o p rtd S e ti o gi)i v to s' S tna De l a ! 9 He wa ds aite wi t e
nc r o ae t ran f h s l ai n . uku r c . t .
c
mo
'
s is tsi d t h
h
ma hi sa delve e tl a 11 1 23,and e nt l fld abrac ofc r c acin ag ns
c ne s i r d, ta t , 5,
.
ve ualy ie
e h onta t to ai t
t diti t of t e pr t ,M ed- t Syse s l ,a agans Na ius who Suktma
he srbu or hos oduc s
Fi
t m , nc. nd
i t utl ,
l r
cl i e i ed M e Fi t br c is c r t w ih hi .Se m e. , Sukum a v.M e Fi Svs.
a m d nduc
d- t o ea h t ontac t m
e a.
r
d- t .
l ,2012 W L 15
nc.
34098,a *1( l Ct App.May 2,201 .Pori oft tc s wee tid t
t Ca. .
2) tons ha a e r re o
t d fe e t t isa d b t tme , h j r r ld a an tS k ma .1 ,a *1 Hea p ae , u
wo ifr n jl e n oh i s t e u y ue g is u u r d. t . p e ld b t
r
tefn lu g n wa afnn d o a p a . et
h i a j d me t s fi e n p e lSe t
k
.
l hi de l a i Sukum a c ai st ta ound O c o r 2001 a aga n a ound Fe ua y
n s c ar ton,
r l m ha r
t be
nd i r
br r
of2002,heha at a t buid,de oy,a s l my mac nes't two d f th ( m)it
d ç n o l pl nd el
pl
hi ' ha ul t c hi no
pi
drc c mpei o wih Na tls' ECF No 1 0 1 ,Su tma De l a ! 1 . Be a e o t
ie t o tt n t u i .
i
u '
. 5 - 0 k l r c . t 15 c us f he
pa e l l on t m ac ne ,how e r a t s a e e s by a f m e N a ius e pl ,he
t nt abe s
he
hi s
ve , nd he t t m nt
or r utl m oyee
t
houghtt ai ng a lce e wasno onl r uied,but...a s ...t f ra pr de t ng t
é ni
obt
i ns
t y eq r
lo
he ai nd u nt hi o
d ' I .a ! 1 -2.S u rt siid t a h t c s ug ta l e s fo Na tlss t a h
o. d t ! 11 uk ma e tfe h t e wie o h i n e r m uiu o h t e
'
c
c ul u eNa tl ma hne a mo iyt e t hi stsa to ,S n ei 20 4, u tb fr t e
o d s ui
us c i s nd df h m o s aifcin ç c n 0 j s eo e h
o
Die tF c til a do ei 2 0 tr u h (ilJ n sDa lwy r . S k ma De a 1 0 At
r c o us ra, n nc n 0 9 h o g h s o e y a es' u u r p. t 1 .
'
l a t o of t s r
e s ne
he e equess was i t c e of a s tlm e dic son wih Na ius ove
t
n he ont xt
e te nt s us i
t
utl
r
pe i ltgai n. See Ex. 1 t Sukum a De l
nd ng ii to
o
r c .He now ca ms t t had he known t e
li ha,
hos
ma hne weeno p tn e - a t esa i hecamsh ha j s r c nl r a h d a ar s l
c i s r t ae td n md rtndng li e s u t e e t e c e s e ut
y
o t e Co r' Fe r ay 2 2 Or e- h wo l h v b i hi o ma hie a t a t f r
f h u ts b u r 01 d r e ud a e ul s wn c n s t h t i o
t
me
s lng t ot r a t c peed diec l wih Na ius Thi t tmony, howe r i
eli o he s nd hus om t
r ty t
utl . s esi
ve , s
c r dit d by t t r s he ofe e i t s tl me lter fom hi a tr ys i whih he
onta c e
he e m
f r d n he e te nt e t r
s to ne , n
c
c am e hewan edt lc ns Nautl tc ogy s ey f us i SCSR A c nt sa make no
li d
t o ie e
ius e hnol
ol l or e n
e er nd
s
me i ofs lng e r s eq pme .l alo c lc swihhi de ii t tmony i t sca e,
nton eli xe cie ui nt t s onfit t s poston esi
n hi s
when he t sii d t the now hasa i t nton t m a a tle a s lhi c t ze m a hi s
e tfe ha
n n e i o nuf c tr nd el s usomi d c ne ,
buthasha t ti t ntonl s nce Fe t r 201
d ha n e
y i
brt y
a
2.
Add tonal a t
ii ly, lhough Suktm a ave s he ha bee wor ng o hi m od fe e pm e
l r r
s n
ki n s
ii d qui nt
de i s nce t l t 1 90s he a s a it a hi de ii a nlm be off c s t s
s gns i
he a e 9 ,
l o dm ted t s pos ton
l r a t hat how t t
ha
neihe Suk a nor SCSIA i pr s nty a co pe ior of Na ius I pa tc a , Sukuma
t r
um r
I s ee l
m tt
utl . n riul r
r
t siid t t
e tfe ha :
@ SCSRA hasnoot re oye ot rt n Stkuma ( p.a 1 ;
he mpl es he ha l r De t 4)
* ne t r he no SCSRA ha a t l c ea ed or ope d a s ni
ihe
r
s c ualy r t
ne ny e or
5 A sdi us ed bel , t salegaton contadi ssukumar' deposii t tmony.
sc s
ow hi l i
r ct
s
ton esi
6
s c ntr ora sr rha ltton ce er t gl De a
pa e e s ny toke e biiai nt s sul mar p. t
66- ;
67)
@ neiher he nor SCSRA ha s d a s ii lyt
ve ol ny pecfca l modii d
fe
N a ius equi ent or any m a hi s of hi ow n des g a l
utl
pm ,
c ne
s
i n td
ma a t e (
nufcur SukumarDe a 1 1 ECF No.1 4,SCSRA
p. t 67, 69,
38De a 253- ;
p. t 54)
* neihe he nor SC SR A hol a pa e s on ft s e pm e
t r
d ny t nt
ine s qui nt
( u l rDe a 1 )
S kl
ma p. t 90 )
* SCSR A has not r lze a pr k i a gi n yea s nc is
ea i d
ot n ny ve
r i e t
ic pto ( RA De a 2 9 , n
n e i n SCS
p. t 5 ) a d
.
* t pr ocolt t Stkum a ha deveope f as itng pate s i
he ot
ha l
r s
l d or ssi
int s
no wrte but$n ( s mi a ( lputi i efe ti t c s of
t itn, i hi) nd nd he
i
t n fc n he a e
( s ft r'a dicuse iwihpe et
hi) ahe ' nd s sd t t opl sukuma De a 1 )
r p. t 71.
Na ius s
utl umm mi e t s ad isons by des rbi Sukum a as a i vi
z s he e m s i
c i ng
r
n ndi dualwih a ç nt
t
no
fmc i ng busne s'and c endst t e n i SCSRA we e i busne s i wo d no o r t
t toni
i s'
ont
ha , ve f
r n i s , t ul t pe a e
i t s
n he nme c
omm e cil m a k a Na ius. ECF No.1 a 1 1 50.Tha i,Na ius
r a
r et s utl '
'
38 t 6, 8,
t s utl
m a a t esa s l e pm e ;SCSRA woul me el us equi e orm a i t us i is
nuf c ur nd els qui nt
d r y e
pm nt
ke t o e n t
ow n cent s.
er
To c m t t e f ct ,Pl ntf s e phasze i t i oppos ton a lt e f t t y have
ot er hes a s ai i f m
i n he r
ii l he f or s he
made snc t Cour ' Feb ua y 201 opi o r i t m a hi s a is a e f lel ma ke
i e he
ts r r
2 ni n ulng he c ne t s ue r a s y r d.
Suku a ' De a ai f e m pl cai s t t snce t s Cour' Fe uar 201 Or r on
m rs clr ton, or xa e, l m ha i
hi
ts br y
2 de
Pli t f 'p rils mmay j d me t moin wh n h lane f r c ran t a t e a c s d
ani s a t u r u g n to
f
a
e e e r d o e ti h t h c u e
ma hi wer f s l mar d, Pl i if ha t ke se a i se tm e ene gy, a
c nes
e ale y
ke
antfs ve a n t ps nd nve t d i , r
nd
r o c t be om e a ft s eq pmen man a t e .Stklma Dec .a 1 1 The e i l
es ur es o c
ine s ui
t
uf c ur r l z r
l t 4- 5. s ncude
'eang )te sr ie o J hn W ht n' t K ban u ae rs ac o te s no ft e s
% ti i h e vc s f o
r
ng
ima ' o t ti pd td e e r h n h e ir in s
o
m ar ' and w or ng t devel a com pr
ket'
ki o
op
ehensi bus ness pl t i udes tdesi ng,
ve
i
an hat ncl
t gni
ma a t i a s lngmy own lneofft se pme .'#aa 1 SCSRA i as wor ng
nufcurng, nd eli
i
ines qui nt'J .t 5.
s lo ki
w ih a desi house i U t and t o over
t
gn
n ah
w
seas m anuf urer t devel pr ot
act s o
op ot ypes and
ma a tzea lneoff se pme bas on Na ius' c e de i .l Pl ntfsa ei t
nuf ctr i
hnes qui nt ed
utl s or sgns d. ai if r n he
pr e s ofr t ni ot r i ty pr e sona s a ha Ge
oc s
eai ng he ndusr of s i l nd ve tngage wih Gr gg Hn n 't
d t e
m nn' o
pur ha e l nd f a Ca i om i m a a t i f c lt w ih s c f ç tce , r s a c &
c s a
or
lf a nuf c ur ng a iiy, t pa e or ç i s e e r h
of
de l nt pr tt ng f s eq pme , a manufcurng tt s e pme . L.
veopme , ooypi hne s ui nt nd
a t i ines qui nt' ds
' ,
Ac di t Pl i if ,t e r e e f t s
cor ng o antfs hes ec nt fors uppo tt i c am t t we e i not f r t f lt
r he r l i ha , r t
o he a s
patnt lbel, t c d a wo d ha e
e a s hey oul nd ul ve ngage i s h e f t pr vi l 1 a 1 d n uc fors e ousy. d. t 5 16
( ai ngt tt flemaki i dedPli if Sr buidi mac ne ba e upont c e
cl mi ha he as r ng mpe
antfs ç om l ng hi s s d
f
he or
des gn e em e s of Nautl s N G a 2ST lnes of equi e ,t r by del yi our e r i o
i l nt
ius'
nd
i
pm nt he e
a ng
nty nt
t smake byneal 15yeas'.
hi r t
ry
z'
l
Pl ntfs alo c e t tt y ha s f r d a d it ofcogni bl har die ty
ai if s ontnd ha he ve ufe e
t ey
var
za e ms r c l
be us ofNa ius' vi ai oft f lem a ki sa ut 'ECF No.15 a 5.The s ik al
ca e
utl s ol ton he as
r ng tt e.'
0 t
y ptct ly
ie tf t ef lo n a t eiieij re 'a dd ma e :
d n iy h o lwig s komp ttv n u is' n a g s
Na ius s f le m a ki de e r d a de a
utl ' a s
r ng t re nd l yed Pl ntfs
ai if '
e r i o t ft s e pm e m a ke ;
nty nt he ine s qui nt r t
Pl i if i ure unne es a y e ns s i a tmptng t
antfs nc r d
c s r xpe e n te i o
lc e N a iuspa e s
i ens ut l
t nt ;
Pl i if i ur e unnec s a y e ns s i a tmptng t
antfs nc r d
e s r xpe e n te i o
pur ha eN a ius pa ent / s t ;
c s
utl
t s as e s
Pl i i f i ur ed ul e s ar e
a ntf s nc r
m ce s y xpens i e orng t
es n xpl i he
pot n i lpur ha e ofM ed Com or ton,a pr m i ft s
e ta
c s
x
ai
e um ines
e pme ma a tzer t en e t busnes of
qui nt
nuf clr , o
t r he
i s
ma a tli a s lngt se pm e ;
nuf ctrng nd eli knes qui nt
v.
Pli if i ure unne es a y expe es i a yzng t
a ntfs nc r d
c sr
ns n nal i he
va i t a e or ea lt of t f s l m a ked pa e s
ldiy nd nf c biiy
he al e y r
t nt ;
Md
Pl i if i ur e t ne es a y e ns s i s orng
a ntf s nc r d m c s r
xpe e n t i
m a ne t a qui e
chi s hey c r d.
=
I
d
8
l a dto t S k ma' d caain a t te e alg d ijzis Plitfs h v as
n d iin o u u rs e lrto s o h s le e nt e , an if a e lo
r
s
ubmit t a fdavi a r por of a pu pore vaua i expe t J m es Pa ne l 6
ted he fi t nd e t
r td l ton
r, a
mpi la.
Pa ne l opi t t a a r s t of t N a ius s f le m a ki Pli tf s ha i ur e
mpi la nes ha , s e ul
he utl ' a s
r ng, a n if ve nc r d
bewee $94, t $1 700 i ç ce s r l ga coss' $1 000 i t unnec s r
t n
000 o 42,
n i
unne s a y e l t s' 32,
n he
es a y
pur ha ea m odii ton o M e M a hi s a $242, i lnne es a y sor ge c t ,f a
c s nd
fcai f dx c ne , nd
000 n l c s r t a oss or
taa
ot l mountofe tm aed da a sof$468, 64 t $51 679.
si t m ge
1 o 6,
B.
Pr e alH i t y
oc dur
s or
Asa l d t above, hi l ws ti no t tr tbewe n t pa tes nori i t onl one
lude o
t s a ui s t he i s t e he ri ,
s t he y
c r nty pe ng.l t d,t r i a t re ye r hi t r ofltga i b oug by o o bot of
ur e l ndi ns ea he e s hi ten- a s o y ii ton r ht
ne r h
t e Pli if a ns Na ius? Pror c
h a ntf s gai t utl . i ompl i sbr ught i bot sa e a f de alcou t ha
ant o
n h tt nd e r
rs ve
i l d cli sf br c ofc r c ,br ac sofwa r nt a fa SeeECF No.1 a 1&
ncude am or ea h
onta t e he
r a y, nd r ud.
38 t
c s s c t d i n. .
a e ie n 1
The Pli if o i naly fl d t i t nts tagans N a tl i t Ce r Diti tof
a ntfs rgi l ie he nsa ui
i t u ius n he ntal src
Ca iom i ac usng i off s y m a ki a ntmberof is m a hi s i vi a i of 35 U . C.
lf a, c i t alel
r ng
l
t
c ne n olton
S.
j292Ci ci 292' .Se Compl,ECF No.1.OnNa ius' moton,ECF No. t caewa
se ton ' e
)
.
utl s i
20,he s s
t a f r e t t s D i ti t i pa tbec us t ac us d m ac nes wer m a a tle a a f m e
r ns e r d o hi s r c , n r
a e he c e
hi
e nuf c tr d t or r
Na iuspl ntl at i I pe nc Vigi a.Se ECF No.34.Thi Cour t n sa d t
utl
a oc ed n nde nde e, r ni
e
s
t he t ye he
6Na tl o jcst Pa nel srp to vai s go s The Coutha c nsdee te
uius bet o mpi la' e or n rou rund .
r s o i rd h
a fda t bu c cud st ti d sn tp o d a y c mpee te de et tPlitfs alg d ij re
fi vi, t on l e ha t oe o r vie n o tn vi nc ha an if ' le e n u is
wer caus by Nautl ' f s mar ng.Thus,i does notpr ventt gr ofDef nts s
e
ed
ius s ale
ki
t
e
he ant
enda ' umm ar
y
j gme tmoin.
ud n to
1The Cour mentonst e prorl uisnotbe e i a eswih De endants alegatonst
t
i hes i aws t
caus t gre
t f
' l i hat
Pl ntfs ar s ng tpayback' orengaged i a tl ltga i warof atii ' ECF No.l38 at9,but
ai if e eeki d
'
n dong ii ton
trton,'
becaus s
e ome oft cl m sPl ntf smade i t eot rl uisar i
he ai
ai if
n hes he aws t e ncons sentwih cl m sas ert i
it
t ai
s ed n
t i t cas as dicus ed her n.I
he nsant e,
s s
ei ndeed,t Cour does notacceptN a ius' i em r aton oft
he
t
utl s nt et i
he
i t lw s tasPl ntf s a t s atSpa
nsant a ui
ai if ' tempt
k yback' orvende t ltga i pari ary gi t Cour'
'
ta ii ton, tcul l ven he
ts
pror r i t t some N autl m ac nes wer i f f s y m ar
i ulng ha
ius
hi
e n act alel
ked.But t pari ' r a i hi i
he tes eltons p s
ce ai y nota fi y one--even Sukum aracknow l
rt nl
rendl
edges t the i Idee y aggreved' a pe s l
ha
s t pl
i
' nd r onaly
o fnde b Na iu ' c nd t l hi de lz to hea r t a ç u iu ha r p ae yde g ae g s
fe d y utlss o uc. n s caai n, ve s h t l tls s e e tdl nir td hi)
Na
atmpt t pu s ( s g l. S uma De la 1
te s o rue hi) oas' uk r c. t 7.
'
9
a ton f a oxi a ey t mont i 2011,pe ng fna Cong es i la ton on lgil ton
c i or ppr m t l wo
hs n
ndi i l
r sona c i
e sai
t tc d a f c t o co eoft c e.SeeECF No.51
ha oul fe t he ut m
he as
.
On Se e r 1 201 , Pr i nt Obn sgne i o lw t Le hy- ih Amerc
pt mbe 6, 1 esde
ma i d nt a he a sm t
ia
l nt Ac (( A',whih a
nve s t i ' c mende Se i 29 t elmi t isquit pr sonsa i l
A1 )
d cton 2 o i nae t
am ovii nd ncude
a c mp t ie ij r rq ie n f rp iae plitfs Th a n me t a ple t a1c s s
o ei v nu y e u rme t o rv t anif . e me d n p id o 1 a e
t
ha y, ie fe ha y. n es e he a ntf s ie
pe di on t tda or fl d a tr t tda 8 l r pons , t Pl i i f f l d a Fi s Am e
n ng
rt
nded
Co lite p iil algn c mpeiieij r a d a dn Caio aa W a h n t nsae1w
mp an x lcty l ig o ttv n u y n d ig lfmi nd s i go tt a
e
cli .l t rFis Ame d Compl i ,Pli if a s r f ca esofa ton:
a ms n hei rt
nde
ant antfs s e t our us
ci
( )flepae maki i vi ai of35U. C.j29
1 as tnt r ng n olton
S.
2;
()flea rii unde Calf ni 1w ( . & P.
2 as dve tsng
r ior a a Ca1B. Code
j1
7500)
4
()unf runlwf lbusne sprci unde Calf r aLa ( 1B.
3 ai/ a u i s a tce r ioni w Ca.
& P.Codej1
7500) a
; nd
( vi ai oft W a hi onCons rPr e tonAc ( a h.
4) olton he s ngt
ume otci
tW s
RCW j1 86.20 .
9. 0 )
ECF N o. 69.l a pror or r gr ntng i pa t a de ng i pa t Pl i if ' pa tal s m a y
n
i
de a i n r nd nyi n r a ntf s r i um r
j dg n mo in teCou t ue a amatro lw i Plitfs fv ro s mea pe t o to e
u me t to ,h
r r ld s te f a n an if ' a o n o s cs f h s
c a m s i l ng a r lng t t s e oft a c ed m a hi s we e f s l mar d. ECF N o.
l i , ncudi
u i ha om
he c us
c ne
r aley
ke 9
8 The Supr e Cour r nty deni ce i r i a cas t t sought r ew of t Feder
em
t ece l
ed rtora i n
e ha
evi
he
al
Cicui' r i t tt r r i elm i i ofqui t sat di notvi at due pr s rght .See
r t s ulng ha he etoactve i naton
t am t us d
ol e
oces i s
Publ Pae Fou to l .v. c i- l ,1 S.Ct 3l ( t 7,201 )( d rd n ngpeiin
i tnt ndai n nc M NelPPC. nc. 34
c
. 9 Oc .
3 or e e yi tto
f r wrtof c ri a i;s e as Br ks v.Dunop M f I . 70 F.d 6 4,6 - 6 ( d.Ci.201 )
o i e torrl e lo oo
l
g. nc, 2 3 2 25 2 Fe r 2
(xprs i holi ofFe e a Cic i)
e e sng dng
d r l r ut.
9speciialy, t Cour r ed t t
fc l he
t ul ha :
( )De e a tf ley make u pae td atce (e ti ofte a c e
l f nd n as l r d n tn e rils c ran h c us d
ma hies wi n t e me ni o Se ton 29 o Til 35 oft Unie
c n ) t h a ng f ci
hi
2 f te
he td
St esCode;
at
( )De e da ti e de t dipo e o r a o pes a pr pe t wihi t
2 f n n ntn d o s s f e l r ron l o ry t n he
meani of Sec i 17500 of t Calf ni Busnes and Pr es ons
ng
ton
he ior a
i s
of si
Code;
10
1 Net rpary i as ng t Cour t r vii t e r i ,a t y have no bea i on t
03. ihe
t s ki he
t o e st hes ulngs nd he
rng
he
is e o d ma e o whih t Co r g a t s mmayj d me t Pu dfee ty b c u eo t
su s f a g s n c he u t r ns u r u g n . t if rn l, e a s f he
l k of a a t da a s or ha m t Pl ntfs ca e by N a ius s f l e m a ki i i
ac
ny c ual m ge
r o ai if us d
utl ' a s
r ng, t s
i m a e i - f pur es of t s opi on whe her D e e nt f l el m a ke t i pr uc s
m t ral or pos
hi
ni t
f nda s a s y r d he r od t
a whehe t y di s wih a i e t de e ve and whehera oft sa el w sa u eswe e
nd
t r he d o t n nt nt o c i ,
t ny he tt a t t t
r
vi ae by Na ius sc
ol td
utl ' onduc .
t
I.
l
STA N DA R D O F R EV I
EW
f- h fncin o amoi n f rsl r j d me ti t s k o ti te ei a y c s ,
çf e u to f to o t
ll
mma y u g n s o mo e u f h r s n a e
ie, n g n i d s u ea t a maeilfc, nd i t r i n c s , oc n e v j d ca tme
..a y e une ip t s o ny tra a t a ,f hee s o a e t o s r e u iil i
a e r y by a di a unne s al ti la by pr di a s dy a e fcints ma y
nd ne g
voi ng n
ce s . ra nd
y
ovi ng pee nd fi e um r
diposton. Blnd v.Norol & S.R.R.Co. 406 F. 863,866 (t Ci.1 .Summay
s ii ' a
'
fk
,
2d
4h r 969)
r
j dg n i p o e whee çh r i no g n i is e a t a y mae ilf c a d te mo a ti
u me t s r p r r é e e s e une su s o n tra a t n h v n s
t
e tte t j dg n a a matr o lw. Fe R.Ci P.5 () I e lai a sl r
n ild o u me t s
te f a ' d.
'
v. 6 a . n vau tng l
mmay
j g n moin,te c u tmu tc n ie te e d n e i t e rc r a awh l,s eRic v.
ud me t to h o r s o sd r h vie c n h e o d s
oe e ci
De e a o 5 7 U. 5 7 5 6( 0 9 , n mu td a ç l ra o a eifr n e . .h rfo i
stfn , 5 S. 5 , 8 2 0 ) a d s rw t l e s n bl n ee c s . t eer m n
a
t lghtmos fvor et t nonmovi pa t 'He yv.Pur ls65 F. 5 531( h Ci.
he i
t a abl o he
ng ry.' nr
nel 2 3d 24, 4t r
2 1 (n b n ) S mmayj d me ts ul b e trdi teCo r c n l d st tn r a o a l
01 ) e a c . u r u g n ho d e n ee f h u t o cu e ha o e s n b e
j l c u drt r av r c frt en n mo i gpat Se Ev nsv. c s Ap lc to s& Sev
u' o l eu n edit o h o - v n ry. e a
y
Te h . p iain
r.
Co.80F. 954,958- ( hCi.1 .
, 3d
59 4t r 996)
( )Det n ' flemaki wa c mmitdi t ec nd to a yta
3 fnda ts a s r ng s o te n h o uc f n rde
or c
omm er e,wihi t m eani of Se i 1 86. of t Revied
c
t n he
ng
cton 9. 020
he
s
Code ofW as ngt and
hi on;
( Dee a ts f s ma kng i a td t e p i i e e twihi t
4) fnd n ' ale r i mp ce h ublc ntr s t n he
meani ofSec i 1 86. oft Revied Code ofW as ngt
ng
ton 9. 020 he
s
hi on.
ECF N o.1
03.
11
11
1.
D I U SSI N
SC
O
A.TheFas M a ki S aut ( U. C. 29 )
le r ng t t e 35 S. j 2
An e t y v oae S cin 2 2 wh n i ( )f ley maksa t ae td a t l;a d ( )
ni i lts e to 9 e t 1 as l r n mp tn e ri e n 2
t
c
doess f t pupos ofdec i ngt publc.35U. C.j292() Ast Cour ha notd,t
o or he
e
evi he i
S.
a . he
t s e he
sa ut wa r vied i 2011 t r uie t t whe e a he e, a prva e a t i t d of t
tt e s e s n
o eq r ha
r, s r
i t cor nsea
he
gove nm e i s ng t e or a vi a i of t sat e t t a t mus ha s f r d
r nt s ui o nf ce
olton
he t ut , ha c or
t ve ufe e
i o eiieij r . 35U. C. 2 2 b .
t mp ttv n u y'
c
'
S. j 9 ( )
The Congr sonal hit y of t A1 i cea t t t pur e of i l ng t
es i
sor
he A s l r ha he
pos
nc udi he
S o eiie ij r 'wa t ei n t q itm a to sb c u e o t e p e ae ta us o s h
l mp ttv n u y' s o l ae u a ci n e a s f h rv ln b e f uc
c
mi
a to .Aso e S n tre plie ,t re ty s c L u tmjs isaeo tn b o g tb pate
cins
n e ao x an d s rn l, u h q i a ut r fe r u h y ris
cu
a s ri g n a t a c mp ttv ij r fo t makng - r wh dd n t e e p tn o
se t o cu l o eiie n u y r m he r i - o o i o v n ae t r
n
ma a t e a hi i a r l va i ty.M a c e ha be n br
nuf cur nyt ng n e e nt ndusr
ny as s ve e oughtby pa e l wye s
t nt a r
t m s l s c am i t rg t e or e a fne of $500 f e r m a ke pr uc . 1 Cong.
he eve l i ng he i ht o nf c i
or ve y r d od t' 57
'
Rec 5531 5321 a 5320 (aiye Se .6,201 lsae ntofSe Kyl;s eas Fihe- i .
. 9- , t
d l d. pt
l tttme
n. ) e lo s rprce
l .v.Ki s 1.I c,2 1 W L 6 9 6 ,a * ( . N. De .21 z ltiig sme ;RB
nc
d l n . 01
40 6 5 t 9 W D. Y. c , ol lctn a )
Ru b rPr d .l c v.
b e o s. n . ECORE I tl l c, 01 W L 4 68 5 ,a * ( Or Se . 4 z l lctn
n 'e n .2 2
0 5 7 t 9 D. . pt 1 , o z ti g
i
sme .Ce ti y,t sc imst tt a ndmentwa itnde t ei naepli if wih no
a ) ranl hi onfr ha he me
s ne d o lmi t antfs t
c ci t t f s maki a t lmi prvaepl ntfspe mitd t s unde j292 t a
onne ton o he ale r ng nd o i t i t ai if r te o ue
r
o
s e ii go p: ro o e t iswho c ud s w ac mpeiieij r fo t eflema kn
p cfc r u pes ns r ni e
t
o l ho
o t v n u y r m h as r ig.
t
Thequesi be or t Co ti whehe Pl i if he ea ei ude i t tgr up.
ton f e he ur s t r antfs r r ncl d n ha o
Na tl c ne dst a Plitfsc n ts o aç o t ie ij r ' a d tust tt i
u i o tn h t an if a no h w ç mpei v nu y' n h ha her
us
c
t
12
f le m a ki c am sf i a a ma trof1w .0N a iusf us prm a iy on t f c t tnet r
as
r ng l i a l s
te
a 1 utl oc es i rl
he a t ha ihe
Suktma nor SCSRA i a c pe ior of Na ius l a s c ends t neiher Pl ntf ha
l r
s om tt
utl . t lo ont
hat t
ai if s
s frd a i ur asar s tofa f lemaki l s
ufee ny nj y
eul ny as r ng. n uppor oft s poi s Na iusrle
t he e nt, utl eis
he viy on t s r deposto t si on of Suk r a on hi t si ony a t c or t
a l
he wo n
ii n e tm y
uma nd
s e tm
s he om a e
desgne of SCSRA.I pa tc a ,Na ius f us on hi ad isons t tnet rPl i ifha
i e
n riul r utl oc es
s m s i ha ihe antf s
e r m a a t e or s d a sngl pi e ofe r ie e pme a t tt y hol no pa e s
ve
nuf c ur d
ol
i e ec
xe c s qui nt nd ha he
d
t nt
r l e t any s h e pm e . Thus N a ius c lenge Sukum ar s a s ton t t Pl i if
e at d o
uc qui nt
, utl ha l s
' s eri ha a ntf s
d om pde'wih Na iusbo h a dii e usa a de yi c
é
c
' t utl
t s sng nuo nd s f ng omm o s e.
n ens
Nautl a gue t tPl ntfshavef ie t i ntf a s ii i tnc ofc
ius r s ha ai if
a ld o de iy ny pecfc nsa es ompeii
ttve
ls a d,npa t u a, a efie t p o et ti wa t p tn lb l ta c u e a yij r t
o s n i ri lr h v ald o r v ha t s he ae t a es h t a s d n nu y o
c
t i busnes . tl e phasz st tt pae lbel t s l swe e nott s zceofa
her i s Nau ius m
i e ha he t nt a s hem eve r
he olr
ny
i pedi e t Pl i if 'busne se nson. utl f rhe post t ta as e to Pl ntfs
m
m nt o antfs
i s xpa i Na ius u t r is ha ny s rins ai if
l r d' f a gi m a hi bec us t y be ived i wa c r d by pa e t a i wa
s pai ' or ny ven c ne a e he le
ove
t s ove e
t n s nd t s
no, u ts ws te wee c ns me s n tc mp ttr .Na tlsas man ansta P an if'
tj s ho h y r o u r, o o ei s uiu lo iti h t litfs
o
ar ume t tt pa e lbe spr ven e t m f om e t rng t m a ke i co r dit by t i
g nt ha he t nt a l e t d he r
n e i he r t s nta c ed
her
cli sm a i o he ltga i aswe la Suk r st tm o he e.
am
de n t r ii ton
l s uma ' esi ny r
l r s ns , anif a sr t tte s fe e al o ei v ij r 'wihn teme nn
n epo e Plit s se tha h y u fr d s mp tt e nu y' t i h a ig
f
c
i
o t f lemakn sau eb c us a apoe ta c mp t o ,te wee c mpeiiey ij r d
f he as r ig tt t e a e s tn il o ei r h y r o t v l nu e
t
t
when t we e i
hey r mpede i t refors t entr t ma ketand i r d ç
d n hei f t o e he r
ncure ç c s r coss'
unne es a y t .
'
ECF No 1 0 a 7 1 ( iigFo etGr u l . Bo To Co.5 0F.d 1 95 1 0 ( d. r
. 5 t - 0 ctn rs o p.nc v. n ol , 9 3 2 , 3 3 Fe Ci.
2009).The as poi t t caegoresofda sdes rbedabo a t i s cii a no
) y lo nt o he t i
mage ci
ve s her pe fc nd ns ul tve l s alege y c us by t f s m a ki
pec a i os es l dl a ed
he al e r ng.
1 I lghtofis r i , t Cour doesnotaddr sNautl ' s r e ar
0 n i
t ulng he
t
es
iuss epa at gument t tSukum ar
s ha
,
as an i vi ,hasno s a ng a no da ages i lghtoft f tt he doesnotper onaly ow n a
ndi dual
t ndi nd
m
ni
he ac hat
s l
ny
oft acc ed m ac nes
he us
hi .
13
l s
n uppo to t rposton,Pli if r l m os hea l on For s Gr
r f hei
ii
antfs e y
t viy
e t oup,s a a pr upr , e
A1 de son fom t Fede alCicui.I dic sng t pur e a polcis be nd t f le
A cii r he
r
r t n s us i he pos nd i e hi he as
m a ki sa ut , heFor tGr Cour e ai d:
r ng tt es t
es oup
t xpl ne
The m a ki a f le m a ki saut s e s t gi t publc
r ng nd as
r ng t t e xit o ve he
i
notce of paentrg s d
i
t i ht . t
cong e s i e
r s ntnded t pu i t r l on
he blc o ey
m a ki a a te dy m e ns ofdic r ng t sa us ofi elecua
r ng s r a
a
s e ni he t t
nt l t l
pr pery e bodid i a ari e of manuf c ur or de i ''
o t m
e n n tcl
at e
sgn.'
Cl ne h La s ( .l i o e Co ,4 6 F.d 1 4 ,1 6 ( d.
o tc b . v nvt g n p. 0 3 3 7 35 Fe
r
Ci.2 05) ( u tn Bo i Bo tsI c v Th n e Crf Bo t.
r 0 ) q oig nt as n . . u d r a t as
o
l . 489 U. 1 , 16 ( 989). Acs of f s maki dee
nc,
S. 41 2 1 ) t
ale z ng tr
i
nnova i and sil c peii n i t ma kepl c 7 Do l S.
ton
tfe om tto n he r t a e.
nad
Ch s m,Chs m o Pae t j2003 7 g)vi ( 0 ) l a a t l
iu
iu n tn s . E1c ( i 20 9 . f n ri e
1
c
t t i wihi t publc domai i f lel m a ked, po ental
ha s t n he
i
n s as y r
t i
com pett s m a be di s
ior
v
s uade f om e er na t s e m ar t
d r
nt i he am
ke .
Fa s m a ks m ay a s de e s e ii r s a c whe a i nt
le r
l o t r ci ntfc e e r h
n n nve or
s es a ma k a de i t f ego c i
e
r nd cdes o or
ontnued r s a c t a d
e e r h o voi
pos i e i rnge e . Se Bor e Gr nt Defce i s a
sbl nfi m nt
e
mi
a ,
i inc e nd
Pr ed Rec m e i
opos
om ndatons t t Fa s M a ki
o he
le
r na St t e:
a ut
Cont oli U s of t Te m S t nt Pe ng'. 1 J I e l Pr
r lna e
he r t e
pa
ndi ' 2 . nt l . op.
- -
-
L.283,283 ( ) Fale maki c n alo c us unnec s ay
2004 . s r ng a s a e
esr
i sment i de i a ound or c t i r d t a l ze t
nve t
n sgn r
oss ncure o na y he
valdiy or enf r e biiy of a pa e w hos num be ha bee
it
o c a lt
t nt
e
r s
n
ma ke upon a pr
r d
oduc wih whih a c pe io woul lke t
t t
c
om tt r
d i o
c mpee Cf Cln e h La s,4 6 F.d a ( 3 7 n.6 (ç e c
o t. . o tc b . 0 3 t 1 5 1
tn a h
I
i tnc whe e i i r pr entd t t an a tc e i pa e t d, a
nsa e
r t s e es e ha
ri l s t n e
me be oft publc de ii t pa tcpae i t m ake f t
m r he
i srng o rii t n he r t or he
ma ked a il mus i ur t c t of de e mi ng whehe t
r
rtc e
t nc he os
t r ni
t r he
iv le pae t aevai a de f r e b e' .
n ov d tns r ld n n o c a l .)
'
590F. a 1 03(ipha i a d)
3d t 302- e
ss dde .
Alho h Pl i if sr i t ur t tt e
t ug antfs tan o ge ha he mpha i d lng
sze a uage a
bove i a i bl he e
s pplca e r
a s
nd uppors t rca ms t tlnguage mus be unde sood i ispr pe c ext Pe ha m os
t hei li , ha a
t
rt
n t o r ont . r ps
t
i poranty, For t G r
m t l
es oup w as deci bef t AI , and t i s bef e t court w as
ded ore he A
he s ue or he
whehe t $500 fne i t saut s d bea i on ape a tcl ba i.Thus i no wa wa
t r he
i n he t t e houl
ppled
r ri e ss
,n
y s
t is pr e t he e i iatd i t tc e.Addii nal i was undiput d t tt r t
he s ue es nt d r mplc e n ha as
to ly, t
s e ha he e, he
1
4
pa tes wer i f tc
ri
e n ac ompeior . l Se 590 F.3d a 1
tt s l e
t 299.Not bl m or over t dic son i
a y, e , he s us i n
t tpori oft opi on wa f us d o t ce r lha m sfom f s ma ki l e s
ha
ton he ni
s oc e n he ne a r r ale r ng. nde d, ome
oft pr cie ha m s t Pl ntfs c am he e e. ,ur ce s y i sm e i desg a ound
he e s r hat ai if l i
r , :. me s ar nve t nt n i n r
c t ,or c t i ure t a l e t va i t or e or ea lt of pa e s a e de c i i
oss
oss nc r d o na yz he ldiy
nf c biiy
t nt , r s rbed n
Cl e hLa a huri ç me roft publc( )de ir lt pa tcpat i t make f
ontc bs s tng $ mbe he i who sres o rii e n he r t or
a
t e make a t l. 4 6 F.d a 1 5 n. (mp a i a d d .Th e h r wo d n t be
h
r d ri e' 0 3 t 3 7 6 e h ss d e ) os ams ul o
c '
c mp ttv ij re ,t ee o e b ti ta hamss fee b t e g n r lp bl .Fial ,wha
o eiie n u is h rf r , u nse d r u fr d y h e ea u i n ly
c
t
t te er doesno s y i a s s gnii a .W hie t For s Gr cour r ogni d t ta ha m
ha xc pt
t a s l o i fc nt
l he e t oup
t ec ze ha
r
fom f le m a ki i t t pot nta m pe ior ma be dis d fom e e i t s
r
as
r ng s ha
e i lco tt s y
s uade r
nt rng he nme
mak t id dn tsaet ts c aham wo l c n ttt aS o t ieij r .
r e,t i o tt ha u h r u d o siue ç mpei v nu y'
c
t
'
Att or la gum e shed bef e t Cour,bo h pa te a knowl d t tt i s of
he a r
nt l
or he
t t ris c
edge ha he s ue
whe he a po e ilco pe io c n as e ta c am unde t n e d saut ha notye be n
t r
t nta m tt r a s r l i
r he m nde t t e s
t e
a r s e e iil by a co ta t ti i t a is oftr ti es i Alho h t y
dd e s d xplcty
ny ur nd ha t s hus n s ue ls mpr son. t ug he
h ven ta d e s d die ty wh t e apoe ta c mpeio c n s fra G o t ie ij r , a
a o d r se rcl eh r tn il o t r a ufe E mpei v nu y'
t
c
t
'
num be off der ldititcou t ha atm pt t de i ordicus whatt t r m e nsi t
r e a src
rs ve te ed o fne
s s
he e m
a n he
c e of Se i n 1
ont xt
cto 292. Fo e mpl, i Gr ne v.Ab Coa t Hol ng s l , 201 W L
r xn e n ee
ser
di s nc.
2
4 4 7 9( D. i S p . 5 2 2 ,h Co r e plie :
4 2 4 S. Oho e t 2 , 01 ) te u t x an d
Th saue d e n t d fne c mp ttv ij r , h we e ,
e ttt o s o ei o eiie n u y o v r
to ttv ij r 'ha b e g neal d fne a ça wr n f l
c mpeii e n u y s e n e rly ei d s gJ o g u
e no i l s a t hands ofa c m e ci lrval..'' U . e r l
co m c os t he
om r a i .. ' S. x e .
FLFM C .LLC v.TFH Publc tons l ., N o.10-CV -5477,2012
i a i s nc
.
-
W L 1 3 5 7,a * ( N..Ap 1 ,2 2 (iig Blc ' La
3 7 5 t 4 D. J r 8 01 ) ctn a ks w
Dito ay 3 2 (t e 2 0 ) Se as Rog r v Co ar Co p,
cin r 0 8h d. 0 4 . e lo e s . n i r .
No.1 -1 9 ,2 2 W L 1 43 0 ,a * ( D. .Ap .2 ,2 2
0 4 7 01
4 9 5 t 4 E. Pa r 5 01 )
C$ esa ih sa ng undert r ia l nt Acj Pli if
To tbls tndi
he Amerc nve s t, antf
1 For tGr , l , t def
1 es oup nc. he endanton t f s mar ng cl m ,wasa lce ,m a act er and
he ale ki ai
i nsor nuf ur ,
s l oft sit bea i t pa e l .Bon ToolCo. t pl ntf i t f s mar ng cl m,w asa
eler he tls rng he t nt abel
, he ai if n he ale
ki
ai
t r l who pur ed r plca s it fom anot m a act e wihouta lce f om For tGr
ool eseler
chas e i tls r
her nuf ur r t
i nse r
es oup.
590 F. at1
3d 299.
15
mus alg a tn il e o o c ls cusd b te ilj l
t le e a gbe c n mi os a e y h le a
c mp ttv me n (.. t e fle p tn makng .) (ilg
o ei e a s i , h as ae t r i l' ctn
i
e
'
0
A dva d Ca ti
nce
rrdge Te .LLC v.Le a k l .1 , N o. 1 ch.
xm r nfl nc.
-
-
48 2 1 W L 6 9 2 ,a * ,4 ( . Fl.De .21 2 1 a d
6, 01
71 7 5 t 2 M D. a c , 01 ) n
Fi he -prce I v.Ki l .I .N o.1
s r i . nc.
ds 1 nc.
0-988,2011 W L 6409665,
a * ( . N. De .21 2 1) S omuae dfee ty a
t 9 W D. Y. c , 01 ). t r ltd ifrnl,
F
c mp ttv ij r i a b i e s ls c u e b a c mp ttv
o ei e nu y s usn s o s a s d y o eli e
i
m e ns i l ng f le pa e m a ki t t t 1w f r ds'
a , ncudi a s
t nt r ng, ha he a o bi .
'
A dva d Carr dge Te h. LLC, 2011 W L 671
nce
ti
c s
9725, a *
t 2
(iaino te )
ctto mi d .
t
Or e 201 W L 4442749,a *11
e nç, 2
t .
See i pa tc a lnguage fom any oft e ca esct d i Gr eneabove orfo a
lctng riulr a
r
hos s ie n e
, r m ny
oft c esct d by t pa te ,ca e iy r ul i a s ns t teiherPl i if orN a tl a e
he as ie
he ri s n asl es t n e e ha t
antfs
u ius r
ç i ht'on t 1w c
sg '
r
he a once ni potntalc peior .Fore mpl,s e c esco an lnguag
r ng e i om tt s
xn e om as
nt i a
e
t t s m s c e ry lm ied t t e a r a c pe i i s e way. See e. , FLFM C .LLC,
ha ee
l a l i t o hos l e dy om tng n om
s g.
201 W L 1 37 5 ,a * ( c mp ttv ij r ç a b e g n r l d fn d a $a wr n f l
2
3 5 7 t 4 a o eiie n u y i s e n e eal e ie s () o g u
h
y
ec
onomi l sa t ha ofac
c os t he nds
ommeca rva ) RB Rubbe Pr .1 ,201 W L 406855
ril i r';
r odss nc. 2
7,
a * (u v yn p s- A d cso s a d c n l dn t a ç o eiie ij r e sswh r t
t 9 s r e ig o tAl e iin n o cu ig h t f mp ttv n u y xit ee he
c
pa te a e i com pe ii i t r e nt m ar t a t a l ged f l e m a ki ha m s t
ris r n
tton n he el va
ke nd he le
as
r ng r
he
pli ifsa lt t c
antf biiy o ompee' TheRB RubberPr Cour as notd t tc t ha d a
t ).
ods. t lo e ha ours ve r wn
ana ogis t t La m Ac,whc c e ts a rb ta e p e u to o c mp ttv ij r
l e o he nha
t ih r ae e u tbl r s mp in f o eiie nu y
w he e t pa tes a e c
r he r i r ompeior a t a lged c
tt s nd he le
onduc has t tnde y t c u e
t
he e nc o onf s
CO I Um C S 1 a #9;2 S e a S I a G r n, I v.J L.D a lng Coo . 2011 W L 621 46,a *
IS C . d. t 1 e l 0 r ee nc. .
ri
,
81
t 4
( . W a h.Dec 5,2011 (ppl ng,i fle maki cone ,Ni h Cic tsdei ton of
W D. s
.
) a yi n as r ng txt nt rui' tnii
c pe ior unde t La m Ac as t e who t e f t s m e dola s fo t s m e
om tt s
r he nhn
t
hos
f or he n
vi
lr r m he a
c ns me g o p'(iain o te )
o u r r u ' ctto mitd .
)
1 RB Rubber Pr . i ved t pa i who we e cl l compe ior beca e dt y
2
ods nvol
wo rtes
r eary
tt s
us she
ma f cu egjsmia a c e ig p od t. 2 2 W L 4 5 a * Thu , wiht o h rc s s
nu a tr d i lr nd omp tn r ucs' 01
'
0685 7, t 9. s as t he t e a e
ctdhe en, h Co theeha nooc aso t a r s wh t rac ttveij r c ul o c rwheea
ie r i t e ur t r d
c in o dd e s ehe ompeii n u y o d c u
r
pa y i apot i com pett onl
rt s
ental
ior y.
16
Ot r c es c an l ngua t t a l a t doe note l pot nta c
he as ont i a
ge ha t e s
s
xcude e i l ompeior .Se
tt s e.
ec. Ro es 2 2 W L 1 43 05 a * (o ttv ij r r q ie n i s tsid i plitf
. , c r, 01
4 9 , t 4 c mpeiie n u y e urme t s aife f an if
s f r a S i s l s' c us by a f bi n c m pe ii m e ns û . , t f le pa e
ufe s t nes os ' a ed
bus
or dde o ttve a , ç e. he a s t nt
i
maki '.l a l s t c e ,morover dititc t e oye ra oni s si t a
r ng' n t ea t wo ass e , src ours mpl d e s ng ugge tng hat
)
panif c ul s fe a c mp t ie ij r b b ig p e e td fo e trn a mak t
li t o d u f r o ei v nu y y en rv ne r m nei g
f
t
r e.
Spect a l i bot Gr ne a Ki I,t pa t as e tng t f le ma ki cli wa a ly
ik ly, n h ee nd ds 1 he ry s ri he a s r ng am s dua l
s lng apr uc t tw a aco pe i pr t I bot c es t c t deer nedt tbe us
eli
od t ha s m tng oduc . n h as , he ours t mi ha ca e
t pary s e ng r i ha nots w n ç twas a t ly de er e f om c pe i i t m a ke by
he t e ki elef d
ho t
i
c ua l t r d r
om tng n he r t
a ij r c u e b alg d y fle p tn makng , n c mpeiie ij r h d b e s o .
n nu y a s d y le e l as ae t r i s' o o t v nu y a e n h wn
'
t
Gr e 201 W L 4442749,a *1 1 Ki 1,2011 W L 6 9665,a *9- 0.Putdif r n l
e ne, 2
t 3- 4) ds 1
40
t 1
fe e ty,
bec us t pli ifa t l e e e t m a ke pl e a s d c peii pr t ,t ha
a e he antf c ualy ntr d he r t ac nd ol om ttve oduc s hey d
not s
hown t t t y we e pr nt d fo e t rng t r l va m a ke and not s
ha he
r eve e r m n e i he e e nt r t
hown a
c mp ttv ij r .Plitfsp itt t o ed cso sa s p rig t i camsb c u e whi
o eiie n u y anif o n o h s e iin s u po t her li e a s , l
n
e
Pli if a e no yt c pe i w ih N a ius t y ha al ge t tt y we t pr ve t d fom
a ntfs r t t om tng t
utl , he ve le d ha he
r e ne r
doi s be aus ofN a ius s a i i c a m i pa e pr t c i f m ac nesvi t i l bel
ng o c e
utl ' ctons n l i ng t nt o e ton or
hi
a he r a s
whe e t e wa no s h pr e ton.Tha i,Pl ntfs c e t y we e una e t e e t
r her
s
uc ot c i
t s ai if ont nd he
r
bl o nt r he
ma kepl cea t t tt rst ton i t c
r t a nd hus ha hei iua i s he onve s oft pl ntfs st ton i Gr e a
r e he ai if ' iua i n e ne nd
Ki l .
ds 1
The Cour t de s a
t m r t nds t t t i s of w he he pot ntal c pe ior m a s f r a
ha he s ue
t r e i om tt s y uf e
c mp ttv ij r u d r Se to 2 2 i b t a is e o frt i r sin a d p r a a
o eiie nu y n e ci n 9 s oh n su f is mp e so n eh ps n
i er si l lis .l t ca e be or i,howe r t Cour nee notr l t ta potnta
nt e tng ega s ue n he s f e t
ve , he
t d
u e ha
e il
c mp tt rc n n v rsaea cam f rc mp ttv ij r ,o t a apli t fmu tara y be a
o eio a e e tt li o o ei e nu y r h t ani s le d
i
f
c ttr o c
ompeio r ommecil rva t s f r a co ttve ij y. l ta t Cour smpl
r a i l o ufe
mpeii nur nse d, he
t i y
17
c n l e t t r, s do t es cfcfcsb f r i, o ra o a ej r c u dfn t a te e
o cud s ha hee bae n h pe ii a t e o e t n e s n bl u y o l id h t h s
s e i Pli tfsha es fe e ac mp ttv ij r c u e b Na tl ' flemakng T ti;
p cf anif v u fr d o eiie nu y a s d y u i s as r i . ha s
k
us
t Cour i fr l c nc t tPli if he e ha notmade a s h s
he
t s im y onvi ed ha antfs r ve
ny uc howi a t tno
ng nd ha
r a o a l j r c u dfndta Plitfs fil et c mp t o a yo t ercame d ma e ae
e s n be u y o l i h t an if ' alr o o ee r n f h i li d n g s r
z
al o eiveijzy' e utngfo Na tl ' f lemak n
s mp tt nl 'r s li r m ui s as r i g.
c
i
r
us
To expl n why,t Cour a e s sfr tt ove alcli t tPli if we e pr ve e
ai
he
t ddr s e is he r l am ha antfs r e nt d
fom e erng t m a ke a c
r
nt i he r t nd ompei wih Na ius a cai t t unde le a 1 of t i
tng t
utl , l m ha
ri s l
her
d ma e camsa afcu l t r I wilh n a d e sPlitfs rmanngcame ij re .
a g s li s a ta ma t . t l te d rs an if ' e ii li d nu is
e
Pre nton ofEnt y i o t M arke
ve i
r nt he
t
Gr e and K i I ,t t o c s s of e i s e i plc ts
e ne
ds l he w a e f rng om m i i uppor f Pl ntf s a gum e
t or ai if ' r
nt
ta bengp e ne e ty it temak tc ud c n tt t ac mp tt ij r ,iv le a ta
h t i rve td n r no h r e o l o siue o eii nu y n ov d cu l
ve
c
ompe ior .Thus t di notaddr s wha beng pr nt fo e e i a m a ke mea i
tt s
, hey d
es
t i
eve ed r m nt rng
r t
ns n
t c e of a pot nta c pe ior At a m i m um ,ho e r t Cour beleve i m us m e n
he ont xt
e i l om tt .
ni
w ve , he
t i st
t a
t tt e iy wa c pa e ora e t c
ha he ntt s a bl
bl o ompee ( ra tvel tyi t do s ,bu t tt f s
t o ci y r ng o
o) t ha he ale
m a ki i
r ng mpede t e efors i s m e c r t wa A co pe iormus do m or t n s
d hos f t n o
onc e e y.
m tt
t
e ha how i
t
ha a desr t c
d
ie o ompe e,a t t i di not at mpt t co t out of a f r of i rngi
t nd ha t d
te
o mpe e
ea
nfi ng
a herspa e .Thi m i m a s
not ' t nt s ni l howi i alt tPli if ha m a howeve ,a t t i
ng s 1 ha a ntf s ve de,
r nd hus her
cl m ofbei pr ve e entyi o t m a ke a ar s toft f lem a ki f is
ai
ng e nt d r nt he r t s e ul he a s r ng al .
I i tuet tM r Sukum a hasalege t tNa iussf le ma ki de e r and de a d
t s r ha .
r
l d ha utl ' a s r ng t red
l ye
Pl i if f o e e i t m a ke pl c and t tfed ge r ly t t hi f a of i r ngi on
a ntf s r m nt rng he r t a e,
es ii
ne a l ha s e r
nf i ng
wha hebei ve t be va i pa e so va i m a nesdetr e a deay Pl ntfs Buthi
t
le d o
ld t nt n rous chi
e r d nd l ed ai if .
s
c l or tsi
oncus y etmony i note h t deea s
s
noug o f t ummayj me .Se Da hv.Mav aher 731
r udg nt e s
we t ,
F. 303,325 ( h Ci.201 Cs l or al tonsand s ultve a s rins ..wihou
3d
4t r 3) concus y legai
pec ai s eto . t t
f t r l tmae s
urhe egii t uppor clal do nots tc t ce t a ge ne is ofmae ilfc.)
t e ry
ufi e o rae
nui sue
tra a t'
'
18
(iai a atrto omitd) l smpl defesc nmons ns t c l t tf mo et
cttons nd le ains te .t i y i or
e e o oncude ha, or r han
t n ye r ,Pl i if have note e e t m a ke t c pee wih Na iusa t tt s e ie
e a s antf s
nt r d he r t o om t t utl nd ha he ol t m
hol ng t m ba k wa t i f rofi rngi pa e s t twe e f s l lse on t a c ed
di he
c
s he r ea
nfi ng t nt ha r aley it d
he c us
m a hi s'pa e lbe s1
c ne
t nt a l .3
Mo e ve,hes be tv fa t a, y e trn amake y uma i rn eu o a ohe'
r o r t u j cie e r h t b ne ig
r t o y nfig p n n t rs
p tn , sis fiin t etb ihaç o eii eij r . l i wees fiin , ci n2 2 wo l
ae t i n u fce t o sa ls t mp ttv nu y' f t r u fce t Se to 9 u d
c
'
alow a ve y br d ca e y o pl i if i d- nyone who smpl sa e t tt y ha t
l
r oa t gor f antfs ndee -a
i y t t s ha he d he
nmbii orde ie t c
ton
sr o ompee,butwer a r i ofi rngi apae t ttu d outt be f lel
t
e fad nfi ng
tnt ha tme
o
as y
ma k d.n e t eF d r lCic i h srj ce as b e tv fa o apae tifig me ta to
r e lde d,h e ea rut a ee td u j cie e r f tn n rn e n cin
a a s fiin ij r t c n e sa d n .S e ec,P a c sLLC v. e ii Ph r Co p,5 7
s u fce t n u y o o v y tn i g e . .. r s o
M d cs am. r . 3
F.d 1 2 ,1 3 - 9 ( d.Ci.20 8 (d llg to o a s b e tv çh l'ae n ta a e uae
3 3 9 3 8 3 Fe r 0 ) ta l ains f u j cie c il r o n d q t
g e
s bsi t f ra cam o s e ii p e e to j cie ham o a tr a o s cfc f tr h r '
u tt e o li f p cfc r s n b e tv r r h e t f pe ii uu e a m'
u
s t e t etbls sa ng ( i Larv.Ta m,408 U. 1,1 1 ( 9721)l um Cor
ufkint o sa ih tndi ) dtng i
bl
S. 3-4 1 9 ndi
p.
o Am.v. S miAl ys I e, 7 F.d 8 9 8 3 ( e .Ci. 1 8 ) ( t trl s be tv
f
e - l s n . 81 3 7 , 8 F d r 9 5 a i tey u j ci e
o
p
a e nso ofa i rng m t s ti i ufk intt s ts y t a t lcontove s r uie e t'
ppr he i n
n nfi e nt ui s ns t e o a if he cua
r r y eq r m n '
t etb ih sa dn ) l s o t fn ig a ç o ttv ij r ' b c us a p an ifs b e tv l
o sa ls tn ig . n h r, i dn l mpei e nu y' e a e litf u j ciey
c
i
f ae ifi gn a d t u d d n te trt emake,wo l e ic rt te S o eiieij r '
e r d n rn ig n h s i o n e h r t u d vs eae h t mp ttv nu y'
c
r q ie n .Th s t i frtc tg r o s p s d S o tt ij r 'i n t o e ta c n
e urme t u , hs is ae o y f u po e ç mpeive nu y' s o n h t a
c
i
s
uppor Pl i if 'f s m a ki da m .
t antfs ale r ng i
Slkum a m a we lha t bes ofi e i ,a gr nd de i ,pl ns a e ele t
z
r y l ve he t nt ntons nd a
sgns a , nd xc l n
1 Na iusdecie t si mor saktr :S antfs p r re ij isa e r rltd
3 utl srb s hi n e tr ems s i if' upotd nure nd vey eae
pl
alegaton ofddamage' depends on a si emunr onabl pr umpton: t i onl Nautl had pl
l i
t
'
ngl
eas
e es
i
hat f y
ius
aced
a c rt lbes o te e ecs ma hi s Plitfl)wo d ha e ()satd a mao busn s;()
c uae a l n h x rie c ne , anits ul v 1 tre
j r ies 2
s c e d i ce tngt bu ie s ( )e tr dNa tl ' makeplc i t ft e si usr ( s iet
uc e de n r ai he sn s ; 3 n ee uiuss r t a e n he in s nd ty de pt he
f tPlitfscam t betyigt e e a e tr l difr n ma k t;a d ( )wo dha ete b c mea
ac anif li o r n o ntr n niey fee t r e) n 4 ul v h n e o
tpowerul'compe iorofNautl ECF No.151at3l
f '
tt
ius.
4.
1
9
i as a
de bout how t c
o ompee wih Na ius And i m a wel be t t he has now beg i
t t
utl .
t y l
ha
un n
e r t s nc t s Cour ' Fe a y 201 opi on- t t n t e dr m s i o r lt But
a nes- i e hi
ts bnz r
2
ni
o ur hos ea
nt ea iy.
c n e td ef rsatralws i i fldo ap rild cso r n ee i n tp o faj r c n rl
o c re fo t fe a ut s it r a t e iin e d rd s o r o u y a ey
a
on t deenni t tt r s t e e f t we e no t n s
o t ne ha he ea on hos fors r t ake oone wa be a e off le pa e
r s c us
as t nt
lbe s1 Thi i pa tc a l t' be a e Sukum a has r pe t dl bl d o he a tons of
a l. 4
s s riulry l
ue c us
r
e a e y nme t r c i
N a ius not any f s pa en l bel- f r t yea s of de a i a com pls ng hi bus ne s
utl al e t t a s o he
r
ly n c
i hi
s
i s
o j cie a d h h s d n s b t i p ir l iain a d i h sd po iin i ti c s .F r
b e tv s n e a o e o o h n ro i g to n n i e sto n h s a e o
t
e mpl ,Sukuma ' de ii t si ony con ai r pe t d r f r est hi f r n be ift t
xn e
r s poston e tm
t ns e a e e e enc o s e ve t le ha
N a ius s c
utl ' onduc ot r t n f l e m ar ng,i l ng is u li ne s o i biiy t pr vi
t he ha a s
ki nc udi t nwilng s r na lt o o de
s ts a t iy- odi e pm e ,ha i ded hi pr r s a e f rs t r e t bls ng a
a if corl m fed qui nt s mpe
s og es nd f o t owa d sa ihi
s c e su b sn s. S e eg. S k ma De a 6 ( lmi Na tl ' n n d lv r o
u c sf l u ie s e - . , u u r p. t 8 b a ng uiuss o - eiey f
e up n frçt mgn j' antfs ef rst c e t d cl nsc mpaig tep o e td c ss
q ime t o l y i g 'Pli if' fo t o r ae o t t o rn h rj ce o t
s
me
or e ns ofsr rha ltton f iiis ve s sni s c ntrl i a 1 ( n ng
xpe es toke e biiai aclte rus e or pa e es; d. t 70 blmi
Na iuss lt delve y a f iur t dei rpr t a pr ie o i naly f delyi hi
utl ' ae i r nd a l e o lve oduc s s om s d rgi l or a ng s
ft rste t nt;c .i a 1 4 (li n heh st n itn t n w's l ma hn st c mp t
ahe ' rame ) f d. t 8 cami g a d ne t o o ' el c ie o o ee
a
wih Na tl atrbeng dhwa td f 1 yeasl;t. a 1 9 (eatr nghi ti tsi
t uius fe i t re or 2 r' t, t 93-4 r fimi s ral etmony
t
t
fom Se e
r
pt mberof201 t tt r as he di tgo f r r wih hi sr r ha ltton c nt
0 ha he e on
dn'
o wa d t s toke e biia i e er
plns( c ha b n onhol f rcos t ei orni ye r a t tpoit wasbe a ehehad
a whih d ee
d o l e o ght ne as t ha n)
c us
no r ceved s n ne ge r ton mac ne and t n e ani t tt r a e a t o ofis s
te i
eve xt ne a i
hi s
he xpl i ng ha he e r ç t sue
l
i ved i goi f wa d' and t ti wilnow fnal ha n bec us he knowst mac nes
nvol
n ng or r '
ha t l
i ly ppe
a e
he
hi
aenotpae e ;d.a 1 (l mi heS dupedfralt stme'.
r
tntd) i t 94 cai ng l
was
o 1 hi i '
)
W hie Suk a m a snc r l beleve t tN a tl ,t ough is c uc ,hasr pe t dl
l
um r y i e ey i ha u ius hr
t ond t
e ae y
1 They ar alo i uf i ent i a oft ms ve ,t e t bih a ij r snc q esins of
4
e s ns fci , n nd
he el s o sa ls n n u y, i e u to
s a ng a e viw ed asoft tme t com pl nti fl SeePayne v.TR A s ocs.LLC,880 F.Supp.2d
t ndi r e
he i he
ai s ied.
s .
70 70 ( D. C. 2 .
2, 6 E. N. 201 )
20
s bot ged SCSRA' deveopm e ,i r quies a g e ta ou ofi na i a l ps wholy
a a
S
l
nt t e r
r a m nt magi ton, nd ea
l
uns
uppore by t f cua r c d be or t Co t t c ude t ti no f Na iuss f le
td
he a t l e or f e he ur, o oncl
ha f t or utl ' a s
m a ki of is m a hi s he r d t Pl i if d ve o e of c
r n:
t
c ne ,t oa o antfs' e l pm nt
ompei m a hi a
tng c nes nd
r ha ltton or s ce e s wo d ha be n s f a e s a t t SCSM
e biiai
pa ntr
ul ve e wit nd a y nd ha
woul be
d
c mp tn wi Na tls t d y.An ç o eiie ij r ' i smp y no s p o td b t e
o eig t uiu o a
h
y t mp ttv nu y' s i l t u p re y h
c
e de ebef et Cour a woul r uiet j yt e gei i r si es cultonand
vi nc or he
t nd
d eq r he ur o nga n mpe misbl pe ai
c ne tr . ns o tPlitfsa en i e c re tc mp tt r n rs fiin l co et c mp tng
o j cu e l h r, an if r et r u r n o eio s o u fce ty l s o o ei
h
(nd c ranl n ta t e tme t e Fis Ame e Co litwa tld ta te c n prve a
a e ti y o t h i h rt nd d mpan s ie ) h t h y a o
1( )r!e ii ilt1y'
$ (r1) ttve lll: )
- '
Plitfs c mpan so c mpeiie ij r b sd o b ig d tre fo e trng t e
an if' o lit f o t v nu y a e n en eerd r m nei h
t
m a ke f i f t a tona r s t t t e i i ufi e e denc a i f o Sukum a '
r t a l or he ddii l ea on ha her s ns fci nt vi e s de r m
rs
pr e t tons i hi de a a i s t tPl i if e r i e d t c
ot sa i n s clr tonl ha antfs ve ntnde o ompet wih Na ius i t
e t utl n he
r l va m a ke of m a a urng a s li e r ie equi
e e nt r t
nuf ct i nd e lng xe cs
pmentpror t flng t s lws t
i o ii hi a ui.
l t d,Stkum a cai s he be n t c
nsea
t
r lm
ga o ompee afe lam i fom t s Cour' pro or r on
t tr e ng, r hi
ts i r de
Pli tfs moi nfrs mma yj d me tt t u i ' pae t a esweefle S e i c ly h
anif' to o u r u g n ha Na tl s tn lb l r as . p ct al , e
us
i
t tfed at hi de ii n t t he pr vi usy s
es ii
s pos to ha
e o l ought a lce e f o N autl t m a a t e
i ns r m
ius o nuf c m
mac nes t twoul be S e e usvel i f iiis owne b SCSRA' (.. nots d t
hi ha
d
t d xcl i y n aclte
us
d y
' ie,
ol o
oh r) b t h t d cd d atrt i Co r' Fe r a y201 o d rta h wo l d k g ilo
t e s, u t a he e ie fe hs u ts b u r 2 r e h t e u d t e hs wn
ma
ma hn s(o r s l)a d frh r( s b sn s p o p cst t y. S k rDe a 1 . nte
c ie f r t ae n u te hi) u ie s r s e t ha wa ' u uma p. t 61 l h
'
s m e a we ,he c usngl saest tm a ng m a hi s f r s l wm as pa to hi ç he
n
ns r
onf i y t t ha ki
c ne or e a e s lo r f s d r
ot
prori e s buthei s a y sa e t tt lc i f e m pl wa s hts ey t ha
i nt nt'
'
ndiputbl t t s ha he iensng, or xn e, s oug ol l o ve
1 The e i al t tm ony f om M r. Sm ih5a f m erNautl r es nt i t t Sukum a t d
5 r s so es i
r
t
or
ius epr e atve, ha
r ol
hi i 2001 and 2002 t he want t desgn,manuf t e,and s l s or f s equi e .But
m n
hat
ed o i
ac ur
el eni hnes
pm nt
Sukum a hi s fhas admitd t t was nott c e untlafer t lw s tw as fld.Hi adm i i i
r m el
te ha
he as
i t he a ui
ie
s
sson s
contoli
r lng.
21
mac ne t us i SCSRA f ciii s Thi t tm ony esa ihes t t net r a t tm e t y
hi s o e n
a lte . s esi
t bls
ha , ihe t he i he
fld t i lws t norwhe t y frtn nded t sae a çc ttve ij y,'di Pli if
ie her a ui,
n he is me
o tt dompeii n ur ' d antfs
i e t compe e i t r lva m a ke i whih Na ius ope a e -t s l of e r s
nt nd o
t n he ee nt r t n
c
utl
r t s he a e
xe cie
e pm e .1
qui nt 6
W hie Pli tfs'ai s m a no ha mor
l a n if m
y w ve
phed i o wa i t manuf c tr a s l
nt
ntng o
a tle nd el
e r s equi e ,t e rcha ng am sa g sofSCSRA a e f t pr t tPl i if
xe cie
pm nt he ve - ngi i nd oal
r urher oof ha antfs
wee n ts fiin l e tbihe a a b ie sta t y s frd a t o eive ij r ' a a
r o u fce ty sa ls d s usn s h t he ufee ç mp tt nu y' s
c
i
r ul ofN a ius' f le ma ki l Alhough SIt
es t
utl s a s
r ng.? t
I Umr a lgest the ha be n dee r d fom
I
le
ha
s e tr e r
c tng wih Na ius make be us of t pae lbes ( c he now knows ae
ompei
t utl
r t ca e
he tnt a l whih
r
i o rc) i i n t t 1 ce rt teCo r ta, v ni al fS
nc re t,t s o a al la o h u th te e f lo CSRA' p a sha b e r aie ,t
S ln d e n e lz d i
woul be c
d
ompe i i t s m e ma ke a N a ius Putdif r nty,at
tng n he a
r t s utl .
fe e l lhough he now cai she
lm
wa s t ma a t r a s l e pm e die ty t c ume s or r a lr ,hi t si ony i
nt o nuf c u e nd el qui nt r c l o ons r
etie s s e tm
n
ot rlws t a i hi de ii i t sc e,s
he a uis nd n s poston n hi as ugge tt twa notPl i if 'a m ori e i
s ha s
antfs i
ntnton,
a l a tnotuntla trt slws twasfld. haeve t lm iso apotnta c
t es
i fe hi a ui
ie W t r he i t f
e il ompeiorscai
tt ' l m
o d o eiie ij r , s c a ij r c n o icu e a e t y t td e n te e d cd i
f t mp ttv nu y' u h n n u y a n t n ld n ni ha o s o v n e ie t
c
'
t
w a s t c pe e i t r l ntm a ke untla t r is f s m a ki l w s ti f l d.A pl i if
nt o om t n he e eva
r t i f e t al e r ng a ui s ie
a ntf
c n tce t al o ei v ij r 'b itni n o b i e spa so t ehrn o c n utns
n no rae t mp tt e nu y' y n e to s r usn s ln r h ii g f o s l t,
c
i
a
whe t e efors begi a tr a l ws t ha bee tl Fo a1 of t e r as ,t Cour
n hos f t
n fe
a ui s n ied. r 1
hes e ons he
t
1 Sukum a a1eges i hi de ar ton t SCSRA i ends t alo s l and manuf ct e is
6
r l
n s cl a i hat
nt
o s el
a ur t
m odii equi e ,butt twasnott f
fcd
pm nt
ha
he ocus oft SCSRA as des i i pr ouscase oras f ry
he
crbed n evi
s
ail
gl
eaned fom hi de ii t tmony.A s not s a a not 2,t t ext t t hi decl aton i
r
s poston esi
ed upr t e
o he ent ha s
ar i s
i
nconsit wih hi depostont tm ony,t l t contol
sent t s
ii esi
he ater r s.
1 l t r r pl , N a ius r i on t l k of any i enton t com pet i t r eva mar
7 n hei e y
utl eles
he ac
nt i o
e n he el nt ket
untlafert Cour' Fe uaz 201 Or as a l of sandi See ECF No.151 at33- Howeve
i t he
ts br .
y 2 der
ack
t ng.
36.
r
a lz d ( t ra alc o saut y o p ud n ilsa i ,s e z ne al Ad nc d Ca tig Te hs.
nay e whehe s a k f tt or r r e ta tndng e e r l va e rrd e c .
y
LLC v. xmak I '.l .201 W L 6 97 ( . Fl.De .2l 2 1 ,o a lc ofe de et tte
Le r ntl nc, l
71 25 M D. a c , 01 ) r a k vi nc ha h
da ge we ep o maey c us d b f lema ki ) t Cou ti fr y co vice ta t cam s ul
ma s r r xi t l a e y as r ng , he r s iml n n d h t he li ho d
notproceed t ti .
o ral
22
concudes t t Pl i if ha not s
l
ha antfs ve
hown t y we e pr ve e fom e e i t m a ke of
he
r e nt d r
ntrng he r t
m a a t i a s li e r i e e pm e by N a ius s f l e m a ki
nuf c urng nd e lng xe c s qui nt
utl ' a s
r ng.
Ot r Cl m e Dam a s
he ai d
ge
Asnot Pl n if as a l e t tt y ha s f r d ava it ofot rha msa adie t
ed, aitfs lo leg ha he ve ufe e
rey
he r s r c
r ul ofN a ius' f le m a ki l pa tc a ,t y con e t y ha de e S
es t
utl s a s
r ng. n ri ul r he
t nd he ve vot d t
unnec s r '
es a y'
e ns st 1 a tmptngt lce eNa iuspae s 2)a t i t pur has Na iuspae s
xpe e o: ) te i o i ns utl tnt; temptng o c e utl tnt
o a st;3 e plrn tep rh s o Me - 4 a ay i tev l iyofNa tlsp tn s a d
r ses ) x o ig h u c a e f d x; ) n l zng h ai t
d
u i ae t; n
u
5)sorngNa iusma hi sPli if owne l
ti
utl
c ne antfs
d.8
Fort s m e t
he a
ypes of r s dic s d i t pr c ng s c i none of t e ot r
ea ons s us e n he e edi e ton,
hes he
alg d d ma e a e c mp ttv iju e . I s o t Plitfs ae n ih r c mp ttr n r
le e a g s r o eiie nti s n h r, an if r et e o ei s o
o
s fce ty co et c mp tn t sae av l cam f rç o eiie ij r ' i wo l rq ie
uf inl l s o o eig o tt ai li o ç mp t v nu y' t ud e ur
d
c
t
;
t o mu h s c lto o t ep r o a yj r t d sg t a y o t e ed ma e a ac mp tt
o c pe u ai n n h a t f n u y o e inae n f h s a g s s o eii
ve
1
nJ
.
The e c t gores of al ge da a s f l f a tona r s ns a we l a t s
s ae i
le d m ge ai or ddii l ea o
s l, nd he e
a tona r as ns ar e ly a i bl t t sa e lw c am s Fis,a t t at mpt t
ddii l e o
e qua l pplca e o he tt a l i . rt s o he te s o
lce e t a t m p st pur ha e N a ius pa e s a t a t m pt t pur s M e x , he Cour
i ns , he te t o c s
utl
t nt , nd he te s o cha e d- t
t
ha ale dy e ai d t tPl i if unde t lc nsng a r aed e f t t o an a c st
s r a xpl ne ha antfs
rook i e i nd elt fors o bt i c es o
' A lhough not lsed as one of t r cl m ed dam ages, Pl ntf s al o com pl n t t
' t
it
hei ai
ai if s
ai hat hey
çover d' f Nautl machi t t y t
ç pai ' or
ius
nes hat he houghtwer pr ect by pat sbutwer not To t e ent
e ot ed
ent
e . he xt
Plitfsa ecami t s a d ma s t Co tc ncu sta s mma yj dg nti a r praea t
an if r li ng he e s a ge , he ur o lde h t u r u me s pp o it s o
t e al
hes leged dam ages f t i
or wo ndepende r ons. Fis, t r i no e de
nt eas
rt he e s
vi nce, based on anyone'
s
per onalknowl dge,t tt prce ofNautl m ac neswashi asa r ul oft pa e l saf i
s
e
ha he i
ius hi
gher
es t he t nt abel fxed
t t ;i t t e i uncontove t afi vi t tm ony t i nott cas See ECF N o.138o hem nsead, her s
r red tda t esi
hat s
he e.
6,
M u do k De l a !!7 8.Se ond e e i t e ewee s c e de c ,s chda g wo dno c t ue a
r c c. t r - c , v n f h r r u h vi n e u
ma es ul t onsi t
t
c ttv ijr S e eg.Stufe v.Br ksBr .lc.2 2 WL 6 37 * ( D. Y.De .1
ompeiie nuy. e . . , a fr
oo os- n , 01
621 4, 4 S. N. c 9,
201 )( c mp ttve ijr i on sfee a adee a tsc ttr no a isc t r t ,a
2 a o eii nuy s e ufrd s fnd n' ompeio, t s t usome; hus n
alegaton t tdeceptve m a ki pr i çchil compe ii and t i lat t prce pl ntf pai '
l i ha
i
r ng actces i led
tton
hus nt ed he i ai if d'
frt pr uc i n tac ttv ij r)
o he od ts o ompeiie nuy .
23
Na ius t hnol onl t us t m a hi s i is plnned c nt r .The lc nsng a tmpt,i
utl ec ogy y o e he c ne n t n
e es
i e i te s n
pa tc a ,wer pa tofa e f tt s tl pendi ltga i Thi ltga i wa unr a e t a
riul r
e r
n for o ete
ng ii ton. s ii ton s elt d o ny
cl i s of f l e m a ki Pl i if sm pl ha notpr e e e de e fom w hi h a r as bl
am
as
r ng. a ntf s i y ve
es nt d vi nc r
c
e ona e
juy c u d fn t tt s c tg re o c ssic re wee c usd b t flepae tlb l o
t' o l id ha he e ae o is f o t n u rd r a e y he as tn a es n
t a cus mac nes I ed,i hi de ii Sukuma a ar t be a ti i hi beleft t
he c ed
hi . nde n s poston,
r ppe s o
trbutng s i ha
t ma hi we eco r by pa e sa al t al ge or lr pr s nt i by N a iusr ga di
he c nes r ve ed
t nt t l o le d a e e e atons
utl e r ng
pae pr t ton ge r ly o is mac nes butnot by t f l e lbel t m s l .Se e. ,
tnt o eci
ne al n t
hi ,
he a s a s he eves e. c.
Sukuma De a 11 11 ( fl t tceti modii ai t Na iusma hi sar a i hi
r p. t 0- he et ha ran
tc tons o utl
c ne le dy n s
pose soncoul i vehi i aNa iuspaenti rnge
ssi
d nvol m n
utl t nfi mentlws tçl a e onGrgW ebb'
a ui dbls d
e
s
a a whol hos of o he pe e fom N a tl t li hi 't t i co d i rnge Na ius
nd
e t
t r opl r
u ius elng m' ha t ul nfi
utl
pae t t ma s c modtc to '
tn s o ke u h i ains).
i
W ih r gar t t so a f es a l ga f s i r e i a l zi t va i t oft
t e d o he t r ge e nd e l ee ncu r d n na y ng he ldiy
he
pa e s t r i lke i e no e de
t nt , he e s i w s
vi nce t t t s e ns s i u r d w e e c us d by t f l e
ha he e xpe e nc r e
r a e
he a s
m rki Ast t C t a f e s't Cour not t Pl ntfsha c nge t r as ove
ng. o he ç or ge e s' he
s
t es hat ai if ve ha d he e on, r
t c r e ofva i l uis a t t aleg ca e oft e da a .Tha i,a notd a
he ou s
rous aws t , s o he l ed us
hos m ges
t s s e nd
s
uppored by Na ius s ECF N o. 1 a 28 31, Sukum a ha pr vi usy blm e o he
t
utl , ee
51 t r s e o l n d t r
pur td c us i s e ng t s pr cie da a ,i udi N a ius sbr c ofc r tor
pore a es n e ki he e e s m ges ncl ng utl ' ea hes ontac
wara is l e i a flng wih a he c tfld a t t s lws t Slkuma c amed he
r nte . nde d, n ii
t not r our ie fer hi a ui z
r li
i ur e t s sor ge f s a a r s tofNa ius sbr a h ofwa r nt Se ECF N o.1 a 30nc r d he e t a ee s e ul
utl ' e c
ra y. e
51 t
31 1 - a 1 . Ad iin l , S k ma tsiid ta h c n iu d t pu c a e Na tls
; 515 t 6) dto al u u r e tfe h t e o tn e o rh s uiu
y
e pm e - i l ng t ffy m a hi s pur ha e snce 2005 des t be ivi he c d not
qui nt ncudi he l t
c ne
c sd i
pie le ng
oul
m odiy t m- smpl t l e wha ' t lt s a gr at ti t te d ofN a ius' Suklma
f he
i y o s e
s
ts he a e t nd e es n he i l
utl .
'
z r
D e a 1 48.I he be i ve he co d notm odiy t m ,
p. t 47- f
le d
ul
f he how e r and c e nty be i d he
ve ,
ons que l leve
24
c d no us t m i hi busne s he c nnotr c rsor ge f e i ure f sorng e pme
oul t e he n s i s , n
e ove t a e s nc r d or t i qui nt
he ha no i en i n ofus ng i hi busne s To a l r ove y oft te em e ofdn a s woul
d
nt t o
i n s i s.
low ec r
ha l nt
m ge
d
be f rai l fom t die tc us ton r quie unde bo h Seci 292 a t sae 1 .9see
a te d r he r c a a i e r d
r t
ton
nd he t t aws1
.
eg,Ki s tCo p.v.S e irCt,2 6 P.d 8 7 8 8 & n. ( 1 2 1 (o s o c u ain
.. wk e r
un ro . 4 3 7 , 8
9 Ca. 01 ) t h w a s to
unde Calf i s Unf i Co pe ii La i a ca e w he e t r i a alega i of
r
iom a'
a r m tton w n
s
r he e s n l ton
m ir pr e a i o de pton,a pl n if mus de onsr t acualr i e o t de ep i
se es nt ton r ce i
aitf
t m ta e t elanc n he c tve
sae n sa dt a tesae n wa ç ni daec us o t eij r o u igc n u f).
ttme t n h t h ttme t s s mme it a e f h n u ppr d cn o d c
a
Si ia l a t wheherPl ntfs i r d ç r c s r 'a t neys f es t y c e
m lry, s o
t
ai if ncure ç me es a y' tor ' e , he ontnd
u
(hr h t de lrton ofJ mesPa nel a 15 t tt feswee f E k pef me t
t oug he caai
n
mpi la t ) ha he e
r or t
wor ror d o
de e m i t valdiy and e or a lt ofN a ius spae s'Agan, antfsha no s
t r ne he i t
nf ce biiy
utl ' tnt .' i Pl i if ve t hown
h w ti i ac mp ttv ijly o a fce t i a ii t c mpee l se d i se ta fe
o h s s o ei e nt r fe td her blt o o t. n ta , t e ms h t e s
i
r
y
i r d i de e m i ng t va i t ofpa e sar a ge rc t pe ofha m a be t a notpr
ncure n t r ni he ldiy
t nt e
ne i y
r t s, nd
oof
h r ta Plitfsweec mp ttv l ij r d Ad iinal t s fe weeno t n e e sr '
e e h t anif r o eiiey nu e . dto l he e e s r t t n c say'
y,
u
coss t y f r e t bass oft s l ui.W ih r ga d t t Caior a saut ,m o e r
t- he o m d he i
hi aws t t e r o he lf ni t t es r ove ,
at ne 'f esar notr ove a e i s h a a ton.Se Ce - e h Comm s.I .v.LosAngees
tor ys e
e
ec r bl n uc n ci
e l- c
f
. nc
l
Cel a TelCo.97 P. 5 539( l 1999 .Thus t al t esmefesasa eeme of
lulz . , 3 2d 27, Ca. )
,o low hos a e
n l nt
( m a ' woul do a e nm a ound t tsa ut spr bii on r c r ofa t ne 'f es
t
dn ges'
d
n ndr
ha t t e' ohi ton
e ove y tor ys e .
Al oft har ale d he e a e smpl t r m ove fom t f lepaentlbel t be a
1 he ms l ge r r i y oo e
d r he as t a s o
c mp t ie ij r --ra y o h rtp o die tij r- ca s d b t flelb l. h rc u t
o ei v nu y -o n t e y e f rc n u y - u e y he as a es Ot e o rs
t
have he d t s h a s ultve ca a c eci wa i ufi e t s
l hat uc
pec a i
us l onn ton s ns fcint o how a c
ompeii
ttve
1 N autl alo poi st Sukum ar sac
9
ius s
nt o
' knowl
edgementt the pl
ha
aced a r ve anot r or
nd ecei d
he der
of Nautl m achi about a year afe he fld t s l
ius
nes
tr
ie hi awsui.The Courti consr ned t a ee wih
t
s
tai
o gr
t
Nautl t tt s f s sPl ntf sar pur
ius ha hi act how
ai if e chasi N a ius e pmentf (t rpur es wha e r
ng utl qui
or khei pos t ve
t t may be- r r es a ir pec i of any pa e l s or ale t
ha
ega dl s nd r es tve
t nt abel
lged decei.' ECF No.138 a 48.
t''
t
W hie Pl ntf s r pons cl m s t pur ed t e machi t i tga e f her f s mar ng
l ai if ' es e ai hey chas hes
nes o nvesi t urt ale
ki
alega i agai tNautl ,t cos oft e machi a t cos ofs orng t
l tons
ns
ius he t hos
nes nd he t t i hem ca
nnotbe de ed a
em
c ttveijr o a ij ycusdbyt lbes
ompeii nuy r n nur a e he a l.
25
ij r . n Ro esv. n i Co p.2 2W L 1 4 9 5 * ( D. . r 2 2 2 , o e n e
n u y l c r Co ar r , 01
4 3 0 , 4 E. Pa Ap . 5, 01 ) f r x mpl,
t di t i t c t di m i s d t pl i if s f s m a ki cl i a s cii ly he d t t t
he sr c our s s e he a ntf ' al e r ng a m nd pe fca l l ha he
c ait fie t alge a acua c ttve ij y.I patc a,t pli ifha no
ompl n ald o le ny t l ompeii n ur n riulr he antf d t
a lged a f t fom whi h t Cour c d fnd C pl usbl c us c
le
ny ac r
c he
t oul i Y a i e a al onneci be wee
ton t n
(ifc lisi hsb i s , uc a d ifc ly o t iigr ti s efo s lighi p o u f)a d
dfiute n i usne s s h s ç fiut b ann eal h l r eln s r d c ' n
d
Conarsmaki pr ci s'J Ot rc esar i a co d.See e. ,TwoM o a aToy.LLC
i' r ng a tce . #. he as e n c r
'
s c.
ms nd
v l tlPlyt n s LLC,8 8F. u p. d 1 3 1 7 1 ( Coo. 01 )(ee tn f lemakig
. n ' a hig .
9 S p 2 21 , 21 - 8 D. l 2 2 rj cig as r n
cam b an n c mp ttrb c u etep an ifha n talg da a ta c mp ttv ij r , u
li y o -o ei e a s h litf d o le e n cu l o ei e n u y b t
o
i
o y t ti tc d l e orco d ha ar a l tpotnta lc ns e ' Advanc d Ca ti
nl ha t toul os
ul ve le dy os e il ie e s);
e rrdge
Te hssLLC v.Le r I sl ,2011 W L 671
c .
xmak nfl ne.
9725,a *3 5 ( . Fl De 21 2011
t - M D. a. c. ,
)
(d r sig c mp t ieij r a o o t retpe o û tndn 'a d c ncu i gt talc o
a d e sn o ei v nu y s ne f h e y s f ' a ig' n o ld n ha a k f
t
s
die thar pr c ude t pl i ifscli a m uc asa l k ofdie tcompe ii a s hol ng
r c m e l d he antf ' am s
h
ac
rc
tton; lo di
t te n i pli ifc d pr l tlc i m one be aus off le m a ki t ha m woul
ha ve f antf oul ove os iensng
y c e as
r ng he r
d
beCoo dei tveori r tt s
t
t rvai
ndiec o uppor pr dentalsa ng' M c be v.Fl Ros Guias
t u i tndi l; ca
ovd e tr,
201 W L 1 0 6 7( D. lAp . 3 2 2 ( s sigcam b c u ep an iffie t pla a
2
4 9 2 S. Ca. r 2 , 01 ) dimisn li e a s litf ald o e d
c mp ttv ij r )
o ei e n u y .
i
Fo t f r g i r a o s t Co r wi g a ts mmayj g n i Na tlssf v ro
r he o e ong e s n ,he u t l rn u r ud me t n uiu ' a o n
l
Plitf cam u d r35U. C. 2 2.
anifs li n e
S. j 9
B.
St eLa Cl i s
at w am
l i tu ta n n o Plitfs sae1w camsr q ieac mp ttv ij r , u te d
t s r e h t o e f an if ' tt a li e ur o eiie n u y b t h y o
a 1r uie da a s ca e by t m im a ke l be s The Co te a ns t e e en s of e c of
l eq r m ge us d
he s r d a l .
ur xpl i he l m t
ah
t s a e l w c a m s brefy bel ,butr le on is r as ng f om Se ton A ,s a as t t
he t t a l i
il
ow
ei s
t e oni r
ci
upr , o he
lck ofpr of c us ton.Tha i,f r t s me r as t tt Cour ha ar dy e aned,
a
oof
a ai
t s o he a
e ons ha he
t s lea xpl i
26
Pl ntfs ha f ie t s
ai if ve al d o how t t a of t i c am e dn a we e c us by t f le
ha ny
her l i d m ges r a ed
he a s
m a ki oft Na iusm a hi sa t t rsa e1 w cli a lf i.
r ng he utl
c ne nd hus hei tt a a ms 1 a l
1.
Calf ni Cl ms( .Bus & Pr .Codej17500
ior a ai Cal . of
)
T Caion a Fas Ad e t ig La (t ' ma e i u a u fr ale iy wi
he lfr i le v ri n w û
s
FAL' k s t nlwf l o r nt , t
)
t
h
i e t dipos ofr alorpe s
nt nt o s e e
r onalpr ry, o m a ordi s m i t orca et be dis m i t d,
ope t t
ke
s e na e
us o
s e na e
ka saeme c e i t tr lorpe s lpr ry ...whi h i t r e orm il a ng,a
sny t t nt onc m ng ha ea
r ona ope t
c s mt u
se di nd
w hi i kno n,o w hi h by t e c s of r s bl c r s d be know n,t be unt t or
ch s w
r
c
he xer i e
ea ona e a e houl
o
rz
e
mila ng.'Ca.Bus & Pr .Code j 17 ( e t 2008) miary,Caior a' Unf r
se di ' l
.
of
500 W s
.Si l l lf ni s ai
Co t in La (t ' i v oae b é n u lwfl t ar o fa d ln b sn s a to
mpei o w $
t
UCL' s i ltd y t y na u , mf i, r r u u e t u ie s c r
)
a
pr ci e.
a tc '
'
N o da age a e a l bl unde eihe t Ca iom i FA L or t U CL t a prva e
m s r vaia e
r t r he lf a
he
o
i t
lt a t Ony ijmcie r l fa d no - n ao y r si to aea albe t ap i ae lt a t
ii n. l nt t ei n nma d tr e tt in r v ia l o rv t ii n.
g
v e
u
g
Se Pie a v.Bal o Am.N. ,2 P.d 8 0 8 8 7 ( 1 2 0 .To rc v re e t e e
e nd
l f s A. 41 3 7 , 7 - 9 Ca. 01 )
k
eo e vn hs
lmie rme is ho v r Plitfsmu td mo srt c u a ij r i .te mus s w et r
i td e de , we e, an if s e n tae a s l nu y, . ,h y t ho i
e
he
a dnur i fc'orûos mone orpr ry'asar ul oft flemaki Ca.Bus & Pr .
n ç j y n a t' s t
i
l
y
ope t '
es t he as r ng. l . of
Co ej 1 2 4 j , tj 1 5 5 seas Kwi e Co p, 6P.da 8 5(os tsy sa dn u d r
d 7 0 ;. a 7 3 ; e lo kst r .24 3 t 8 t aif tn ig n e
ê
t e F a d UCL,a plitf mu te tbih a e o o c ij r t a wa c us d b te
h AL n
an if s sa ls n c n mi nu y h t s a e y h
lgrvn n oft cai ';ECF No. 1 a 27 ( ai if a knowl ng sme .Alhoug
s a me
he l m')
50 t
Pl ntfs c
edgi a ) t h
Pli if c am t y ha l tm one asa r s tofNa ius sf s m a ki t Cour c l
antfs l i he ve os
y
e ul
utl ' ale r ng,he
t oncudes
t t r a o a l j r c uds c n ld , o t ra o sp e iu l s t o t.
ha no e s n b e u y o l o o cu e f r he e s n r vo sy e f rh
27
2.
W as ngt Cons tr Pro e ton A c C l m
hi on
um
t ci
t ai
( as Re Codej1 86. 2
W h. v.
9. 020)0
Lie s , or c v ru d rt W a hn o saue Plitfsmus d mo srt a ij r
k wie t e o e n e he s igtn ttt , anif
t e n tae n nu y
t t i busnes orpr ry a t f ' c us ton,ie. t t d f t de e n ' unf ror
o her i s
ope t nd t or' a a i . , ha, t or he f nda ts ai
but
but
d c p ie p a tc ,t panits wo l n th ve s fe e a ij r ' ECF No.1 8 a 4
e e tv r cie he litf ) ud o a u f rd n n u y.
l
'
3 t7
(uoigJ o rBilo r / ah.I c v. ne r Tee o Q W @ h I c,1 0P.d 1 , 2( ah.
q tn nd o lb a dW s - n . l tg a lc m f - . a . 7 3 0 2 W s
s
2007 ;Goelv.J i 259 F.Supp.2d 11 ,11 ( . W mh.2003 (etng f rh eeme sof
)
an,
28 42 W D. s
) sti o t l nt
cam a i ldng a s owi t tte u f i o d c pt e a to p a t e c u e ijly t t
li s ncu i
h ng ha h n ar r e e i c r rci a s d n t o he
v
c
r
pan if'b sn s o p o e t) Ag i frt er a o sar a y ds u s d n n o t ec tg re
litfs u ie s r r p ry . an, o h e s n le d ic se , o e f h ae o is
ofda a cli e by Pl i if f il c n bes d t ha bee c us byN a tl ' f lepa e t
m ges am d
antfs ary a
ai o ve n a ed
u ius s a s t n
lbe s
a l.
I .
V
C O N CLU SI N
O
Fort f r goi r s ,Def nda ' M oton f S'm m a y J
he o e ng ea ons
e nt s
i or l r udgm e t ECF N o.1 i
n,
38, s
G R ANTE D a Pl i if 'M o i f r Pa talSum m a y J
nd a ntf s
ton o r i
r udgm e ,ECF N o.1 i D ENI
nt
36, s
ED
AS M OOT.An a o it Or rs l is t sda
ppr pra e de ha l s ue hi y.
E T R:hs V & .a oDee es03
N E Ti , dy f cmbr2 1.
'
/2.az' , t ,
ww
z
+
.
Se or nie Stt Diti tJ
nl
td aes src u
2 As not by t Courti is pror or , s ECF N o. 1 a 1 n. t pa tes have not
0
ed
he
n t i
der ee
03 t 6 7, he ri
a de sd i a y d ti wh te o n tte Wa hn tn sa e i o e o e taero ila piain
d rse n n eal eh r r o h sigo tmt s n f xrtri ra g l to .
t
c
Beca e of is r i t Pl ntfs have notes ablshed damages on t s cl m ,t Cour w1las
us
t ulng hat ai if
t i
hi ai he
t l sume
wihoutdeci ng t tt W as ngt 1 i applca e her Buts llnoi ToolW or .I v.Sea te
t
di ha he
hi on aw s
i bl
e.
ee li s
ks nc.
tl
S f t LLC,201 W L 46 4 a *11*1 ( . W a h.201 )(ee tng cam whee te plitf
a ey.
0
68 47, t - 2 W D. s
0 rj ci li
r h anif
f ie t s w t a t a lge viltonsa fce t p opeo t saeofW as ngon .
ald o ho h t he le d oai fe td he e l f he tt
hi t )
28
Disclaimer: Justia Dockets & Filings provides public litigation records from the federal appellate and district courts. These filings and docket sheets should not be considered findings of fact or liability, nor do they necessarily reflect the view of Justia.
Why Is My Information Online?