Makdessi v. Fields et al

Filing 204

MEMORANDUM OPINION. Signed by Chief United States District Judge Glen E. Conrad on 1/24/2017. (tvt)

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Ado tng po t nd c mme to
LT. ELDS, AL.
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By: G l n E.C onr
e
ad
C hi fU nie St e Di t c Judge
e
t d at s s ri t

Dee
f ndant .
s

Thi pds r cvi rg sa ton tld purua t 42 U. C.j 1 cli t tt e
s one i l iht ci ie
s nt o
S.
983 ams ha hre
s pe v s y prs ofi i l f ie t pr e tt pli iffo s xua a physca a s ulsby li
u r ior ion fc a s a ld o ot c he antf ' m e l nd
r
i l sa t
ls
celma e i vi a i o hi Ei ht Ame e rg s Thepa te pr e e t i e de e i a
l t , n olton f s g h
ndm nt i ht .
ris es nt d her vi nc n

b nc til a d t e c s i p e e ty b f r t c u to t erpo ta d r c mme d to (t e
e h ra, n h a e s rs nl eo e he o r n h e r n e o n ain Gh
t
rp l ) o Ma itae J d e Pn l M e d S r e t pls a tt 28 U. C.j6 6b ( )B)
e of' f gsrt u g mea a e a g n, t u n o
r
S.
3 () 1( ,

r c mme dn j d me tf rt e d fn a t. Afe X no rv e o t e e ie e fr te
e o n ig u g n o h ee d n s tr
vo e iw f h vd nc , o h
ra o t tf lo t c u twi o mzet plitY so jcins a o tt erp r,a d e tr
e s ns ha olw, he o r l ve l he an i be t , d p h e o t n ne
l
o

j g n frt ed fn a t, . ed , gtKig, ndCa t Gal r
ud me t o h e e d n s Lt Fil s S . n a
p . li .
ha
Bac ound
ker

The pli tf ,Adi Eddi Rn e M a
a n if
b
e m z kdes i wa i a c r t d a W al ns Ri St t
s s nc r e a e t le
dge a e
.

Prs n(G aln Ri g ' a t etmeh sj1 3camsao elM a d si sp e e tdc p e o
io E le s d e' t h i i 98 li r s . k e s ha r s n e o is f
W
)
num e ous a m i sr tve c
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d nitai ompl i s he fl d, be nni i 2007, cai ng vul r biiy t
ant
ie
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l mi
ne a lt o
phys c l a t ks f om ot r i a es a a l gi t t he ha be n t vi tm of pror s xual
i a tac r
he nm t nd le ng ha
d e he c i
i e

a s ulsf o celma e . He hasas t sii d t the madewrte a ve ba c
sa t ' m l ts
r
lo e tfe ha
itn nd r l ompli sa ut
ant bo

fai ij r fo M ih e S t ,whob c meh sc l maei e ry Au u t2 0 . M a d si
e rng nu y r m c a l mih
e n i el t n al g s 0 6
k es
1 Theco tofesonl abre s
ur f r y if ummay ofe she et pr vi co ex f rdic son oft is s
r
vent r o o de nt t o s us i
he s ue .

has t tfed t ton De embe 21 201 Sm ih physca l a s xua l a s uled hi ove a
esii ha
c
r , 0, t
i ly nd e ly s a t
m
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t e - l pe i i i t i c l . V i o f ag a ot re de e i c t st twhen of i e s
hr e hotr r od ns de he r e l de oot e nd he vi nc ndi a e ha
fc r

t oc d t c l doo f r i r m o lofl
ml ke he e l r or outne e va
unch ta a tas abl e M a s ir n out
r ys nd r h, oodid kde s a

o t c lwihS t i p rut oc n iu li a su tj ie b o h rimae i t p d.Afe
f he el t mih n u s it o tn e l sa l,on d y t e n ts n he o
s
tr
a wn ni s tf o t c r b00t Smih a t s o he i ae i e ae y f lt t
r ng ho r m he ontol
h, t nd he e t r nm t s mm di tl el o he
gr md,a M a s ir n i o t ve tbul . Of e st M a s it t m e ca uni,whe e
ot
nd kde s a nt he si e
fc r ook kde s o he di l t
r
her c i d sic t cos t c son li f cea t nv ntx-ays Ofi r a s ta po td
e e ve tt hes o l e wo ut
ls a nd mde e
r . fce s lo r ns re

hm t a o tieh s ia f raPh sc l ie c Re o eyKi (TERK' ts.Sx we k ltr
i o n usd o pt l o
y ia Evd n e c v r t C
' e t i e s ae ,
)
M a s wa ta f redt apr t c i c t uni a a t rprs f iiy.
kdes i s r nse r o
o e tve usody t t no he ion aclt

M a s' pr â j 1 c ant alege t t s veal W ale Ri of r
kdesis o : 983 ompli l d ha e r
lns dge fces
or hesr t d a o f ie t pr e thi f o Smih' a t k orf ie t i e v ne pr
c ta e nd/ r al d o ot c m r m
t s tac
a ld o nt r e
ompty onc
l
e

t t a c b g n. Th c u d nid s mmay j d me t a t M a d sis cams a ans
ha ûa k e a
e o d e e u r u g n s o k e s' li g i t
De e nt Ga lha ,Fil ,Ki St t r Boyd,Be lmy,a Hal a r f n'd t m a trt
f nda s li r e ds ng, mp e ,
la
nd l, nd e e e he te o

J d e S r e tf ra p o rae p o e dn s t e j6 6b)1( . S o t t ee fe ,c u e
u g a g n o p r p it r c e i g md r 3 ( ( )B) h rl h ra tr o nsl
y
e e ed a a
nt r n ppea a t r pr s ntM a s .
r nce o e e e
kdes i
J
udge Sa ge c
r nt onduc e a e de ir he rng on M a c 1 1 201 a is d he
t d n vi nta y a i
r h 2- 4, 3, nd s ue r

frtrpo ta d rc mme ain i t e c s o M a 3 2 3 r c mme dn j d me tf rt
is e r n e o nd to n h a e n y , 01 , e o n ig u g n o he
d fn a t. M a d sifldo j ci n .Afe c n u tn aX n v r ve o pet n pa t o
ee d n s k e s ie b e to s tr o d cig
o o e iw f ri t rs f
ne
t erpo ta d t e d n e te c u t v m z dt eo j cin ,a o td ter p r,a d g a td
h e r n he vie c , h o r o e l h b e to s d pe h e o t n rn e
e
j d me tt d fnd ns M a e s a p ae Th Uni dS ae Co r o Ap asfrt Fo t
u g n o ee a t. kd si p e ld. e t tts u t f pe l o he urh
e

Cic i afr d t ej d me ti paq b trv re a d r ma d d te c s a t M a d sis
rut fime h u g n n r u e e s d n e n e h a e s o k e s'
c ai s aga ns Fi l ,K i a G a lha . Se M a s iv. e ds N o.7: CV 00262,201 W L
lm
i t e ds ng, nd li r e kde s Fi l ,
11
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5353330( . Va.Se . 201 ,rv' L pa t. 789F. 1 136( h Ci. 5)
W D.
pt24, 3) e d q r h.
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3d 26, 4t r 201 .

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I
The ' ri s pr e e a tonal e de e a a gtme bef e J
pa te es nt d ddii
vi nc nd r l nt or udge Sa ge i
r nt n
I

t

Nove r201 butot r s agr e t r y o t e de e pr e e dtrng t M a ch 201
mbe r 5,
he wi e e d o el n he vi nc es nt d ti he r
3

p o e dng . J d eSag n ha n w e tr dh rsc ndrpo t e o n i j g n f rte
r c e i s u g r e t s o n ee e e o e r r c mme dng ud me t o h

d fn a t.l a e s h sfld wrte o j cin t po t nso t erp r t tt ec u tmus
ee d n s M kd si a ie itn b e to s o ri f h e o t ha h o r t
o
now r s ve.
e ol .
St
andar ofR e e
ds
vi w

I aci lc e, hepl ntf c ri st bur n ofpr ng e h oft e e nt ofl sc am
n vi as t ai if a re he de
ovi ac
he l me s a l i
i
by a pr ponda c o t e d n e l r W is i ,2 7 U. 3 8 3 ( 9 0 . çl e bld n o
e , n e f he vie c . n e n h p 9 S. 5 , 71 1 7 ) t' t e f
-h r
s
howi s ehi by a pr ponder nc oft e de ...r quiest tiroff tt bei ve
ng om t ng
e
a e he vi nce
e r he re
ac o le
t t e se e ofa f ti mor pr bl t n isnone se e. Co r t Pi & Pr .o
hat he xitnc
ac s
e oba e ha t
xit nc ' nc ee pe
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ods f

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1 nc .co t. b rr nso
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s o ' 1, 0 S. 0 2 1 9 ) q o ain
mak o te ) s e as M c a v. l e S ae ,6 9 F.d 1 0 ( t Ci.1 2 (f mig a
r s mitd ; e lo Ne l Uztd tts 8 2 2 2 4h r 98 ) afr n
i
fndn f rted fn a twheet e i e c wa i e up ie .
i ig o h ee d n
r he v d n e s n q io s)
t

Thema itaej d esrp r t e j6 6 b ( )B)ma e o l ar c mme d to t t i
gsrt u g ' e o tmd r 3 ( )1(
k s ny e o n ain o hs

c u t Maàe v.we e ,4 3 u. 2 ,27 - ( 9 6 . Gln t e a s n e o a t l fld
o r. t ws
b r 2 s. 61 0 71 1 7 ) l l h b e c f i y ie
l
me
o j cin ad src c u t e dn tc n u ta. n v r ve b tise dmus o l stsy isl
b e to , itit o r n e o o d c # o o e iw, u n ta
q
t ny aif tef
t tt r i no c e r e r r on t f ce oft r c d i or rt a e t r c me ton.
ha he e s
la ro
he a
he e or n de o cc pt he e om nda i '
'

Dimo d v.Coo a Lie & Ac ie tl s Co. 41 F.d 31 ,31 (t Ci.2 0 )(n e l
n n ' lnil f
cd n n . , 6 3 0 5 4h r 0 5 itma
q o ain mak o te ) Fe R.Ci. 7 I c nr s,hec u t sc a g dwi ma ig aX
u tto r s mitd ; d.
v P. 2. n o ta t t o r i h r e t kn
h
no deer nain of a porins o t magitae j e' rc
vo t mi to
ny to f he
srt udg s e omme ato t whih a
nd in o c

s e ii o jpi n i ma e 2 U. C.j 6 6b ()C) Al ug t e d src c u tma gv a
p cfc bé to s d . 8 S.
3 () 1( . t h h itit o r y ie
ho
ma itae j d es p o o e fn ig a d r c mme d to s G u h weg t a gh i) mei
g srt u g ' r p s d i dn s n e o n ain t c
s
ih s t er rt

c mma d a dtes u dd s rto o tej d ewarn s'tea to iya t er s o sb l yt
o n s n h o n icein f h u g ra t, h uh rt nd h e p n iii o
'
t

ma ea if r dfn ld tr n to rman wi t d src j g .Untd S ae v. d az
k n n o me ia ee miain e is t he itit ud e ie tts Ra d t,
h
4 7 U. 6 7 68 - 3 (98 ) (nena q tto mak a ctto o te ) Th r fr ,i
4 S. 6 , 2 8 1 0 itr l uoain r s nd iain mitd . e eo e n

pef r ng aX no rviw,t d src j d e mus e rie ç i no d lg be a t o iy b
ro mi
vo e e he itit u g
t xecs û s n- ee a l u h rt y
h
c i rng t a t l t si o a not m e el by r vi wi t magita e' r por a
onsde i he c ua e tm ny, nd
r y
e e ng he
sr t s e t nd

rc mme d to s' W i rv. o , 7 F.d6 , 6( t Ci.1 8 )(iain o te )
e o n ain . mme Co k 7 4 2 8 7 4h r 9 5 ctto mitd .
'
D i c s on
s us i

Am o d i t Ei ht Ame e ' pr bii a i tc e a unus lpt s nt
ng utes he g h
ndm nts ohi ton gans nzl nd
ua mihme

i osso p io o fcasi a û bi alo )t tkera o a eme sle t g a a teimae
mp e n rs n fiil s n ç lg ti n o a e s n bl a t s o u rne n t
o
r
s ey,' s cii ly, tto pr e t prs r fom vi e e a t ha
af t ' pe tcal Gt ot c ione s r
olnc t he nds of o he prs r .'
t r ione s''

M a d si 78 F.da 1 2 (u tn Fn me v. e n n, 1U. 8 5 8 3 ( 9 4). A p io e
k e s, 9 3 t 3 q o ig r r Br n a 51 S. 2 , 3 1 9 )
rs n r
al gi t tprs ofi i s ha f ie t ke p hi r as bl s f fom o he i ae m us
le ng ha ion fcal ve a ld o e m e ona y a e r
t r nm t s
t

s o t t( o j ci l, h p io e wa ic r eae u d rc n iinsp sn as sa ta rs
h w ha i be tvey t e rs n r s n a c rtd n e o dto o ig ub tnil ik
)

o s ro sh r a d (i s b e tv l, h o fca mu th veh d aG s fi in l c l besaeo
f eiu a m, n i) u j ci ey t e fiil s a a t u tce ty upa l tt f
t
m i t be he d la e,' me y,t sa e ofiG lbe a ei if r nce'' o t s tntalrs of
nd' o
l i bl 'nn l he tt
tdei r t nd fe e 't he ubsa i ik

sro shnm.I a 1 3( u t F nne , 1U. a 8 4 .
e iu r d. t 3 q oi p r 51 S. t 3 )
ng
The r po t r co me
e r e m nds a fndi of f c and c uson of 1 w t t M akde s has
i ng
at
oncl i
a ha
si

stsid tesrt o j ci ee n o ti sa d r b d mo sr tn t a h wa a s utd o
aife h s, be t lme t f h s tn ad y e n tai g h t e s sa le n
ve
De e r21 2 0 a d s fe e s ro p ysc lij is ( po t1 ,21 ECF 201) I t e
c mbe , 01 , n u fr d eius h ia nure . Re r 0 ,
. nh

a s n eo a yo j cinfo t ep ris a fn ign ce rer r tec u t d psti po t n
b e c f n b e to r m h a t , nd i dn o la ro ,h o r a o t h s ri
e
o
oft r por.
he e t
Pr ng de i r t i fe e e r quie s
ovi
lbe a e ndif r nc e r s howi Cl e t n or nar l k of d c e
ng ûmor ha di y ac
ue ar
f r t prs rs i e ess or s ey, a G e t n m e e neg i nc , b tes t n a t or
o he ione ' nt r t
af t ' nd mor ha
r
lge e ' ut l s ha c s

omiso g )f t veypu pos ofca i ham o wihknowldget tha m wilr ul.'
sins done or he r r e
usng r r t
e ha r l es t''
4

l .(u tn Fn e , 1U. a 1 ) EAl o t a ' fi r t alvaeasg iia trs t t
d q o ig nn r 51 S. t 35 . t n fkils al e o le it infc n ik ha
g
u
hes dha pecevedbutdi no,...c nnot( nsiue i lcin ofpt s nt' Fa me,
houl ve r i
d t
n
co tttj nfito
mihme . r r
'
511U. a 838. S c fc ly,G he of i lm us bot bea r off f o whih t i e e e
S. t
pe ii a l G
t
fc a
t h
wa e ads r m
c he nf r nc
c d be dr wn t t a s t nta rs of s rous ha m e s s a he mus a s dr w t
oul
a
ha
ubsa i l ik
ei
r xit, nd
t lo a he
i e e e. I a 837. The ef r , 1 pr s of i i m a be hel la e unde t Ei h
nf r nc ' d. t
'
r o e G i on f c al y
a
d i bl
r he ght

Am e e f de ng hlma c tonsofc
ndm nt or nyi
l ne ondii
onfne e onl i he knowst ti esf c a
m nt y f
ha nmat a e
s t nta rs ofs roushn a dir ga dst trs by f ii t tker as
ubsa i l ik
ei
nn nd s e r ha ik
alng o a e onabl me ur st
e as e o
a t i.'l a 847.
ba e t' d. t

A p io o fca ' s be t a ta k wld e c n b p o e t r u h
rs n fiils u j ci cu l no e g a e r v n h o g
ve
cr umsa ile de s
ic tnta vi nce howi f re mpl t tt Es tntalrs ofi t
ng, o xn e, ha he ûubsa i ik nma e
a tc was l t ndi per a i weldoc nt d, o e es l not d by
ta ks
ongsa ng, v sve, l- ume e r xpr sy
e
prs ofi i l i t pas,a t c r umsa es s
ion fc as n he t nd he ic tnc ugges t t t de e nt
t ha he f nda ofi a bei s had bee expos d t i or ton c
fcil ng ued
n
e o nf mai once ni t rs a t
r ng he ik nd hus

G tha kno a uti. Fa me.511U. a 842,11 S. .1 ( ai
mus ve wn' bo t' r r
'
S. t
4 Ct 970 quotton
makso te ) Die te i e eo a t a k o e g i no r q ie S eL.a '
r mitd . r c v d nc f cu l n wld e s t e u rd. e l t
a
8 43,11 S.Ct 1
424
. 970.
Ac or ngl prs o fc as ma notsmpl bur t i hea i t s nd
c di y, ion fi i l y
i y y her ds n he a

a d t r b s itl bit .t F v n a g ad a l t p o t a h wa i fc
n hee y kr i l y û l e
a i g
u r b e o r ve h t e s n a t
o lvo st a o vo sij r o s f in sro s s ma n te c p la iiyi
bi iu o n b iu n u y f u fce t ei u ne s y o s a e ib l f
t
ii s
t s hown,f e
or xnmpl t the me el r us t ve iy û ryi f c st the
e, ha
r y ef ed o rf unde l ng a t ha
sr y s pe e t betue ''o t the l de lned t c im i e e esofrs
tongl us ctd o r ,' r ha
t c i o onfr nf r nc
t
ik

t he sr ngl s pecedt e s ' Bri g Vi i aBe c Co r Ct..58 F.
hat to y us t o xit'' i e v. m ni a h r . rl
3d

(01)a 1 5 (4 h Ci.1 9 ) (uoi Fa c 51 U. a 8 n.8 1 4 S. .
1 , t 0 (t r 9 5 ) q tng nne 1 j. t 43 , 1 Ct
1 7 ) An çtd e n tmatrwh t e t rs c me fo a snge s t c o
9 0 . d û o s o te eh r he ik o s r m i l ol e r
i
r
m uli e s c ,a m o e t n i m a t r w he he a pr s r f es a exc s ve
tpl our es ny r ha t t e s
t r
i one ac n
es i
rs ofa tc f r a onspe s nalt hi orbe us a1pds ne si hi st to
ik
ta k or e s
ro o m
ca e l
o r n s iuai n
f ce s h ars ' Fam e ,511U. a 8 11 S.Ct 1
a uc
ik. r r
'
S. t 43, 4
. 970. Nori i dipostve
s t s ii
t tt prs rdi notgi a ncewn ni oft ds orpr e thi e
ha he ione d
ve dva
r ng he k
ot s s xpos e
ur
t t rs 1 a 848- 11 S.Ct 1
o he ik. d. t
49, 4
. 970.
A prs ofi a r m ansfe t r butt dei r t i fe e e c r
ion fcil e i r e o e
he lbe a e ndif r nc ha ge,
e n i t f e of a obvi us r s ç i on of i i l c r d w ih de i r t
ve n he ac
n
o i k. d s
pr
fc a s ha ge
t lbe a e
i fe e e m i s
ndif r nc ght how,f e mpl t tt di no know oft unde l ng
or xa e, ha hey d t
he
ryi
f ct i c tng a s fc e ty s tnta da r a t t t y we e t r f e
a s ndi ai
uf i n l ubsa il nge nd ha he
r he e or

t wa eofa da r ort tt y kne t undel ng fcsbutbeive (l i
ma r
nge, ha he
w he
ryi a t
le d abet
u omdy t t t e rs t wl c te fcs g ve rs wa is b tn il o
ns t l) ha h ik o l h h a t a ie s n u sa ta r
i
none se .' I a 844,11 S.Ct 1
xitnt' d. t
4
. 970. Buta e s c s ulr buta ,t y
bs nt uc es f e tl he
m a be hed la e f robvi rs t y mus ha kno
y
l ibl o
ous iks he
t ve wn. I a 842,11 S. .
d. t
4 Ct
1970.

M a s i 789 F. a 1 34.Furhe
kde s,
3d t 33t nnor a sa e
e, s tt d,

P io o caswh a ï al l w o as bsa ta rs t imaeh at o s ft
rs n x il o cu ly c
ne f u tnil ik o n t e l r a ey
h
may bef und feef o la lt i t y r ponde r a o bl t t rs e p i
o
r r m i biiy f he es
d e s na y o he ik, ve f
t hn uli ael wasno a re A prs ofi i ls dut unde t Ei h
he nn tm t y
t ve td.
ion fc a '
y
r he ght
Ame e i t e lr r s na e s ey,asa dt ti or r t duer ga d
ndm nt s o nsze ea o bl af t
t ndar ha nc po a es
e r
f prs ofi i l 'une a e t s of kee ng da r us me i s e c t
or ion fc a s
nvi bl a k
pi
nge o
n n af usody
unde hlm a co tons....
r l ne ndii

Fn r 51 U. a 8 4 4 (n ena q o ai nmaksa ctt nso te )
nne, 1 S. t 4 - 5 itr l u tto r nd i i mitd .
ao
I t s ci tted G c s' J
n he e ton il t t , udge Sa ge ' r po ta r omm e ton ofe s a 73Fa '
r nts e r nd ec
ndai
fr
page de a l sl m a y o t r c d e de e,i l ng wine st tmony,vi f a a
, t ied l
m r f he e or vi nc ncudi
t s esi
deo oot ge, nd
ad it d doc e a i Thr hout t i s m a y of t e de e r f e t ba d co r di tons
m te
um nt ton.
oug
, l s um z
l
he vi nc e l c s l nt a c i
be w e n pori of M a s is t s i ony, be w ee hi t s i ony a t t s i ony of o he
t e
tons
kde s ' e tm
t n s e tm
nd he e tm
t r

i a ea sa fwine s , t e saeme sM a s imadei va i a nita i r m e
nm t nd t f t s es be we n tt nt
kde s
n rous dmi sr tve e dy
f m sa i f l up i t r i wswih m e alhe lh sa forprs i tga o s a bewe n
or nd n olow
ne ve
t
nt a t tf
ion nvesi t r , nd t e
Ma
kdes is t tmony a doc nt i e de e. The r po ta s not s M a s is lc of
s' esi
nd
ume s n vi nc
e r lo e
kde s ' a k
da e a r pea e us ofge rct nnslkeGc l ma e 'a She 'i hi wrte alegai nsa
t s nd e t d e
ne i e
i Gel t s' nd G y' n s itn l to nd
t
hi t si on ofpa ta s t a r t iton asunde mi ngt c e biiy ofs h a coun s
s e tm y
s s auls nd eala i
r ni he r di lt
uc c
t.

M a d sisae t tMso jcin b ifwilhihih l e ti f cs'n tme to d o
k e s tts ha
b e to re l g lg t i ran a t' o nine r
c
gi n i ufk intwei ti t r por. The bre t n pr vi s a l pa sl a y ofpa t of
ve ns t e
gh n he e t
i f he o de
o- ge lmm r
rs
Ma
kdes ist si o a o he e de e hepr s nt sa e i t lg m os f a et hi .
s' e tm ny nd t r vi nc
e e ed, t t d n he iht
t avor bl o m
The c thass cik al r viwe t e de e M a s ha hi zi t The c thasalo
our
pe t ly e e d he vi nc
kdes i s gllgh ed.
our
s

co ucedA novo rviw oft he rng ta ci a t e bisnotd. M a sidoe no,
nd t
e e
he ai rnsrpt nd he xhi t e
kde s s t

h we r ie tf a ie o e i e c o te fo te rp r ta warn s rj cin o
o ve, d n iy ny tm f v d n e mitd r m h e o t h t ra t ee to r
a e m e oft r po ts e de e s ma y, a t c tfnds no s h diposton t be
m nd nt he e r ' vi nc um r nd he our i
uc s ii o

6

r o e he our dopt he Ta t ' e ton he e t s n c ur t um r
ne e s r 2 The ef r , t c ta st l c s's c i oft r por a a a c a es ma y
c s a y.
oft e de epr s nt
he vi nc e e ed.
The anays s po ton of t r por r co m e
l i ri
he e t e m nds fndi t t m uc of M a s is
i ng ha
h
kde s '
t si ony,a we lasm a sa e e si hi num e o m i tn c
e tm
s l
ny tt m nt n s
r us te ompli a gre nc f
ant nd iva e onnsi
n
t r or a e notc ed bl Thi pori n oft r por ofe s s m e e mpls of dic e nces
he ec d, r
r i e.
s to
he e t f r o
xn e
s r pa i
t t unde m i t ve a t of M a
ha
r ne he r ciy
kdes is ac ount . But t r por' fndi on wine s
s' c s
he e ts i ng
t s
c edi lt a s c e ry r i on t ma ot rdicr pa esa c tad c i r fe t d i t
r biiy l o l a l eles he ny he s e nci nd on r i tons e l c e n he
l ngt ml ma y of t e de . The r por r c me
e hy m r
he vi nce
e t e om nds fndi c e bl t ofi e s
i ng r di e he fc r '
t s i on de ng pe s l know l
e tm y nyi
r ona
edge o a s t n i l r s of s r ous ha m pr e e b
f
ubs a t a ik
ei
r
es nt d y

M a s ' c i d a sg ntas Smih' celm ae. Fi ly,t r po tr c
kdes is ontnue s i nme
t s l t
na l he e r e omm e fndi
nds i ng
unpe s i M a s is cr lm sa i le de e pur ri t s
r uasve kde s ' icl t nta vi nc
po tng o how t tdif r nce bewe n
ha fe e s t e
hi a Sm ih pos rs s o ousy s t n i lt tt ofi e smus ha known oft m ,
m nd
t
ed iks o bvi l ubsa ta ha he fc r
t ve
he
des t t i de a sofknowi
pie her nil
ng.

M a d sima e n s cfco j cin t t rpo tsc n l in t a t ed fn a t d d
k e s k s o pe ii b e to o he e r' o cuso h t h e e d n s i
no ha G c u lkno e oft da e pos by Sm ih be a e t y we e t r a on Sm ih
t ve t t a
a
wl dge he ng r ed
t c us he
r he e s
t
had a tm p e t ha m M a s iorbec us M a s iha t d t m t tSm ih ha a s ule
te t d o r
kde s
a e kde s d ol he ha
t d sa td

hi i t ep s o t th f ae f rh slf . ( po t 2. I t e a e eo a o jcin a
m n h a t r ha e e rd o i ie' Re r 8 ) n h bsnc f n b e to nd
'
fndi no c e re r , heco twila ptt sfndi
i ng
l a ror t
ur l do hi i ng.

M a s contndst tt r po tove e
kdes i
e
ha he e r
r mphasz d hi c e biiy pr e sand i e
ie s r di lt obl m
gnor d
e de of obvi s f t c
vi nce
ous a e y once ns t de e nt m us ha known a
r he f nda s
t ve
bout c i ng t c l
ontnui o e l

hm wi S t Amo o h rti g , a s rst te i e c pr v s t ed fn a t' o d te
i t mih.
h
ng t e h n s he s et ha v d n e o e : h e e d n s j b uis
2 M a s f t t a ur c oft r pod' f css cton i o y onepa tc a r ga d: issa e e t t
kdes i auls he cc a y he e
s a t e i n nl
riulr e r t tt m nt ha
l trc r c r ctd M a s' tsi o o t num be ofda hes nti s gr gai alrhef r d ha m
ocao a ds ontadi e
kdesis e tm ny n he
r
ys pe n e e ton fe
ea e r
9om hi c lmae i Se embe 2007. M a s icai t tt c r pr t ac r y ofhi tsi
s el t n pt
r
kde s l ms ha he a ds ove he cu ac
s e tmony on t s
hi
poi . Theco tf t sm i dic e nc i tra,gi n t f c t textnsveot revi e s
nt
m' mds hi nor s r pa y mmae il ve he a t ha e i he denc umma ied
rz
i t r por,unc le d byM a s i s ve eyundemi hi c e biiy o nume ousot rpoi s
n he e t halnge
kde s, e r l
r nes s r di lt n
r
he nt.

7

mus ha e
t ve xpos d t m t li pro c
e he o zs i r ompli t s e ng pr eci n bec us ofhi vu ne a ltes
a n s e ki
ot to
a e
s l r biii
a pa ti ae as a t ;Sm ih' ga a flaton,M a s isr putto a a slt h a physc
nd s nm t s uls
t s ng fii i
kde s ' e ai n s ric nd
ial
dia ltes a t fve i heght a t ee yea a dif r nc s be we n M a s a
s biii , nd he i -nch i
nd m n- r ge fe e e t e
kdes i nd
Sm ih asc lma e pr e e o ousy s tntalrs ofs ro ha a Sm ih' 11 days
t
el t s es nt d bvi l ubsa i iks e i us nn; nd
t s 5
ofs gr ga i a t de enda s enc mt r wih hi m us ha putt m on notc t tli
e e ton nd he f nt ' ot e s t m
t ve
he
ie ha ls

ds iln r hit r (ncu i ijt t a t e i maei Fe r ay20 0 prs ne as b tn il
icp ia y so y i ldng nt y o noh r n t n b u r 1 ) e e td u sn ta
r
rs ofha m t M a s ia hi c lm ae.
ik
r o kde s s s el t
I hi i ,i i undiputd t tfom 2007 t 201 M a s m a c
n ndsght t s
s e ha r
o
0, kdes i de ompl i s a
ant bout
beng uzne a e t physc la s xua a s uls 9om ot ri a e . l i a s undiput d t t
i
l r bl o
ia nd e l s a t
he nm t s t s lo
s e ha
Sm ih a s ule a ha med M a s i on De mbe 21 201 . a t t t r fe , prs
t s a t d nd r
kde s
ce r , 0, nd ha , he ea tr ion
ofii l c l d t tM a s ic ul no l rbe s f y ho ed i t ge r lpopulto a
fc as onc ude ha
kde s o d
onge
a el us n he ne a
ai n t
W a lnsli
le tdge. The de e nt di no ,howe r ha t be fto hi i hti r ac ng t
f nda s d t
ve , ve he nei f ndsg n e hi he
pe c ptonsa
re i
boutt ce lm a e t tdie t d t i ac i ns
he l t s ha r c e he r to .

M or ove , t c tca
e r he our nnot tnd t t t r por i no es e de e unf ry evaua es
i ha he e t g r vi nc , ail
l t
wines c e biiy, o i pr ry r i on a l k t r i r c ng is fndi
t s r di lt r m ope l eles
ac he eof n ea hi t
ngs a
nd
c l i . The we g oft e de e i c t st tt e de e n s ne rac u ly s w o
onc usons
i ht he vi nc ndi a e ha hes f nda t ve t a l a r
he r M a
a d kdes is c m pl i sofprorphysc lors xua celm ae as a t bef r t De e be
s' o ant
i
ia
e l l t s uls o e he c m r
21 2010,i i n ,and t t t alegai ns i M a s ' pror c
,
nc de t
ha he l to n kdes is i ompl i s we e of doubtu
ant
r
fl
ve act i a e nt t ta W a lns Ri m e a he lh pr es i
r iy n ny ve ; ha
le
dge nt l at of sonalha as es e M a s i
d s s d kde s
a f und no r as f hi t be a s gne t a sng e ce l a he ha r que t d;t tM a
nd o
e on or m o
s i d o i l l, s
d e s e ha
kdes ii
s s
s r i a lf s nt nc f a br a doubl m tr r w hie i 201 Sm ih w a w ihi ni ye r of
e v ng ie e e e or ut l
e l de , l n
0, t
s t n ne a s

c mpltn hi sn e c f rc ra lig; t a Smi a d M a d siwee ca sfe a t e s me
o eig s e tn e o aj ccn 3 h t t n
h
k e s r ls iid t h n
3 I t r or o i i c et tSmih' e ctdr ea edaei J 1 201
nmae ec ds nlne ndiat ha
t s xpe e el s t s une 7, 9.

8

s cliy l ve ; a t t t vii e physc l a a dif r nce be wee t c l m a e a
e tr' e l nd ha he sbl
t
i a nd ge f e e s t n he e l t s nd
Smih' ga a fla i a s r ga i tm e di notpr e G e fags't t e e re e
t s ng f iton nd eg e ton i
d
es nt t d l ' o hes xpe inc d
r
c r to ofi i l ofda r i m ant i ng t c l as i e t The e de alo i c t s
oreci ns fc as
nge n i ani he e l sgnm n .
vi nce s ndi a e
t tt de W ale Ri polc e ,i a esw e e as i d a c l m a es o y i t y a ee t t
ha m r
l ns dge i i s nm t
r s gne s e l t nl f he gr d o he

a r nge nt a a i ae who r f e t r t r t hi c loutoff a f ii s ey wo d be
ra me , nd n nm t
e us d o e u n o s el
e r or ls af t ul
i me ael plce i s gr ga i f pr t c i pum os s pe ng a i tgai 4 I ne 1
m di t y a d n e e ton or o e ton
e , ndi n nvesi ton. n ary
fve m o hs a Sm ih' ce l m a e, M a
i
nt s
t s l
t
kdes i neve r f s d t r 'u' t hi ce l a f t t t
s
r e u e o et n o s l, ac ha
t

t r ne t c edi lt ofhi cai t the hi s ftul f a e f r hi s f t f o Sm ih
mde mi s he r biiy
s l m ha
m el r y e r d o s a e y r m
t
be or Dec mbe 21
f e
e r .

M a d s is p i r o j cin i t a te rp r d v td o l tle p r g a h t
k e s' rmay b e to s h t h e o t e o e ny l e aa r p s o
r
a yzng whehe t dif r nc be wee Sm ih a M a s s obvi usy pr e e a
nal i
t r he fe e es t n
t nd
kdes i o
o l es nt d
s t nta rs of s ro ha m t M a s i t t t de e nt m us ha known of i.
ubsa i l ik
e i us r o
kde s ha he f nda s
t ve
t
M a s i ar s t t t s e de
kde s gue ha hi vi nce of o ous r s w i hi c e f de i r t i f e e e
bvi
i k ns s as or lbe a e ndif r nc

be us t de e nt f ie t r buti wih a tonale de e. Theco tc
ca e he f nda s al d o e t t ddii
vi nc
ur anno ag e
t r e.

Fis, h S p e Co r h se p e syrj ce t en to t a < p io o fca whowa
rt t e u rme u t a x r sl ee td h o in h t û rs n fi il
a
s
t wa e of a s bsa ta rs ofha m t a i t ma ne rhe e s be he d la e t rt
ma r
u t n i l ik
r o n nma e y ve t l s
l ibl mde he
Eiht Am e e i t rs wasobvi a a r s na e prs ofk i woul ha notc
g h
ndm nt f he ik
ous nd ea o bl ion l al
d ve ied

i. F r r 51 U. a 8 2 (mp ssa d d . tl tatiro f c ma ifrk wld efo
t n me, 1 S. t 4 e ha i d e ) û-ha re f a t y n e no e g ' m
r
t obvius i ohe wor ,doesnotme n t ti mus d s ' JL a 844 (mphassa d)
he
o , n t r ds
a ha t t o o. .. t
' I
e
i dde .
Se ond, he de e nt di o f r buta t tm ony t tt dif r nc s be wee t ce lm a esi
c
t
f nda s d f er e t l es i
ha he f e e e t n he l t n
age hei ,di c plna y hi t y,a ga af ii ton di notne s arl s gna t tc ngi t
, ght s i i r s or nd ng fla i
d
ce s iy i l ha ha ng he

cela sgnme f s ft r s nswaswa rnt Se jaa 8 ( i t tofii smay
l s i nt or aey ea o
ra ed. e . t 45 notng ha fcal
l
4 The c tfndst tt s i
our i ha hi mmedit s gr gai polc is fq lfe asa r as bl r s e t t
ae e e ton iy tel uaiis
e ona e epons o he
undeni e i r trs t men co ctd ofvi e ci sandt n co i d f rl pe i i a s l prs n
abl, nheen ik hat
nvi e
olnt rme
he ntne o ong rods n mal io
celma de o co lct t tma es alt ove tm e t physc co ac.
l y velp nfi s ha y c ae, r i , o
ial nt t

9

(

e c p l bit i ihe k e t u eli fcsb t le e (letu omdy ta t rs t
s a e i l y f t y n w he nd ryng a t u beiv d ab i ns t l) h t he ik o
a i
t
wh c t ef csg vers wa is b tnilo n n xse f).
ih h a t a ie s n u sa ta r o e itn
1

W e g ng t e de e a a whol i l ng wines c e biiy a ot r f cor
i hi he vi nc s
e, ncudi
t s r di lt nd he a t s

e h sz d i t erpo ta t e o j cinst eeo t c u tfnd b ap e o d rnc o t
mp m ie n h e r nd h be to h rt , he o r i s y r p n ea e f he
e de et tnone oft de e nt knew be or M a s r n o ofhi celon De e be 21
vi nc ha
he f nda s
f e kdes i a ut
s l
cm r ,
201 t housng hi i t s m ec lwih Sm ih pr s n ed a s t ntalrs t tSm ih wo d
0, hat
i
m n he n
el t
t eet
ubsa i ik ha
t ul

c us h m s ro h r Th s tec u t o cu e t tt d fn a t aee tte t j d me t
a e i eius am. u ,h o r c n ld s ha he ee d ns r n ild o u g n t
Co uson
ncl i

F rra o sd suse heen,h c u t l o e z M a d siso j cinsa i tra .
o e s n ic s d r i t e o r wil v m l k e s' be to s mmaeil
e
o wi o tme i a da o tt ma itaej d esrp r.Ba e o tet erp r a dt ec u ts
r t u rt n d p he gsrt u g ' e o t sd n h h e o t n h o r'
h
X novo r viw o t evi nc asr lce i t so rin,t c tconcude t tM a s
e e f he de e efe td n hi pilo he our
l s ha kdeqi
ha f ie a tilt pr vehi c s by apr po r nceoft evi nce. The e o e t co twil
s a ld t ra o o
s ae
e nde a
he de
r f r , he ur l

e tr u g n f rted fn a t.Ana prp it o d rwil n e ti d y.
n e j d me t o h ee d n s
p o rae r e l e tr h s a

E E T i XN Ndyo Jn ay 2017.
NT R: hs
a f aur
,

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