McFadden et al v. Federal National Mortgage Association et al

Filing 33

MEMORANDUM OPINION. Signed by Judge James C. Turk on 1/9/12. (med)

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CLE B OFFll't t 1.'' v) .J. 1 tf k4 2.'( ' C t' z l . . Q. ATFtAht0) ï, l3 )- S h 'X . , . FI LL L '' ) J N 29 *'1 t1 1 . b ' I TH E UNI N TED STATES DI STRI COURT CT FO R TH E W ESTERN D I STRI O F V I G I I CT R N A RO A NO K E DIVISIO N J Y. D( J 1E t . .p r:?' :E . .......-' 2 8 J : . ' . H ERBER T A .M CFA D DEN , C i lA c i n N o.7: c 335 vi t o 11- v- and RO SETTA E.M CFA D DEN , Pl ntff ai i s, M EM O R AN D UM O PI I N N O V. FEDER AL N AT I N A L M O RTG A G E O ASSO CI O N ,e aI, ATI t . o . (q . , -ç , By: H on. m e C.Tur Ja s k Seni U nied St es D i ri Judge or t at st ct D e endant f . Thi matri prs ntybeor t Cou tont Defnda Sa l1 W hie(i hie'' s te s e e l f e he r he e nt mue . t $ t' s W ) Moto t Dimis ( . .8& 9) a Defnda sFl trBa F. B. ç a tr'a in o s s ,DktNos , nd e nt agsa nk, S. 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De e nt Flgsa a Fa eM a r m ove t f de alc t s tt 28U. C. r ni f nda s a tr nd nni e e d o e r our puruan o S. jj 1 1 ,a 1 331, 441 nd 446.Subs que l t sCour de edPl ntfs M oto f Re nd. e nty,hi t ni ai if' in or ma l t i Compli t Pli tfsplad sx cam s e h ofwhi h i bas d on sa el w: n her a n , a n if e i li , ac c s e tt a quittte;( eq tbl r i fom f e l ur ()neglge e;( fa ( brac ofc ve nt e il 2) uia e elef r orcos e; 3 i nc 4) rud; 5) e h o na ofgoo f t a f rde i ,a ( vi ai oft Vigi aCons rPr eci Ac d aih nd ai alng' nd 6) olton he r ni ume ot ton t (ûr25k' ts(1k'. ; !) Pl i if obt i al n of$11 50 fom Flgsa t fna et pur s ofahomei antfs aned oa 6, 0 r a tr o i nc he cha e n Puls Co y,Vigi a,onJ y3,2007.Compl!!1 5,7) Thel nwa s urdbyaDee aki unt r ni ul ( . , . oa s ec e d ofTr tt tPl i if al gef lel i ntfe t be tcir ast M orga Elc r c us ha antfs le a s y de iid he nei a y he t ge e toni Re itainS se ,nc (S ERS'wh ntetu b n fcaywa F a sa .Co . !5 8 . gsrto y tms l .E M ' e h r e e eiir s lg tr ( mpl! , ) ) Pl i i f f t ralege t Fl t s d t l n t Fa e M a a t ata 1tm e r l va t a ntf s urhe l hat agsar ol he oa o nni e, nd hat 1 i s e e nt o t i lws tFa neM a wa t eb n fcayo t ela s c r db t eDe do Tr s. Co l! hs a ui n i e s h e eiir f h o n e u e y h e f u t ( mp . 1 .Fl trr ne t morga s r c r ( mpl!9) 0) agsa emai d he t ge evie . Co . . Subs ue l Pl i if e renc d dif c t m a ng t r uie m orga pa e s eq nty, a ntf s xpe i e fi uly ki he eq r d t ge ym nt . ( mpl!11 .Pl ntfsal et tonAugus 1 200 Flgsa pr s dt gi t m al n Co . ) ai if leg ha t 8, 9, a tr omie o ve he oa mo i to i t e q aiidu d rteHo Afo d beM o iiainP o rm.L= Plitfs dt in f h y u l e n e h me f r a l dfc to r g a (d) an if ka f t e s b te ter q ie d c me tto t Fa sa.( mpl! 1 ) Plitfsb l v te h n u mitd h e ur d o u n ain o lg tr Co . 2 . anif ei e h y e m e t elgi lt c ie i a t tFl t r s d ha of e ed t m a l n m odii a i t he i biiy rt r a nd ha agsa houl ve f r he oa f c ton. 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Compl!23) . . 2 Conc r t tt i hous wasa e ned ha her e boutt bef e os d on,Pli if c l Fl gsa .Pli if o or cl e antfs aled a t r antfs ale t tFl t ror ly t d t m t i l n m odii ton w a i pr es a no f e os e l ge ha ags a a l ol he he r oa fca i s n oc s nd or cl ur woul oc ur buto M ar h 1 2011 W hiea nit r d t f ecos es ea t pr pe t d c , n c 0, , t dmi se e he or l ur al nd he o ry wa s l t Flg tr ( mpl! 2 - 7 .Th ra tr Fa sa ta fre t ep o e t t Fa ne s o d o a sa .Co . ! 4 2 ) ee fe, lg tr rnser d h r p ry o n i M a .Co . 2 ) Fial, anif alg ta te ddn t e even tc t t h i h me e ( mpl! 8 . n l Plitfs le e h t h y i o r c i oie ha t er o y l n m odii t o had be n de e untlM a c 22, 2011 ( oa fca i n e ni d i r h hey ,Compl!3 ,a d t thad t . 9)1 n ha r c ve notfc ton prort t f e l ur s l t y woul ha t n se t pr ve t e ei d iia i i o he or c os e a e he d ve ake t ps o e nt he f rco u e ( mpl!3 ) o e ls r , Co . 8 . 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' v. 8()2) W he e l tngac antunde Rul 1 b)6) c t mus t cc ptt ale tonsi a( . n vauai ompli r e 2( ( , ours tt e he lgai n a t c pl i ast u a dr w a lr a ona e f c uali e e s i f voroft pl ntf . he om a nt r e, nd a 1 e s bl a t nf r nce n a he ai i f' ' Co lyv. b o 3 5U.. , 5 4 ( 9 7 ; uo kv. r e , 7 F.d3 , 0 (t Ci. ne Gis n, 5 S 41 4 - 6 1 5 ) Tr lc F e h 2 5 3 91 4 5 4h r 2001.Not t tndi Rul 8a( a whier ieai t tt tie f t lale tons' r ) wihsa ng e ()2) nd l etrtng ha û ald acua lgai 'ae de notr quied, he Su e e Cour hass c f e t tpl a ngswhi h m er l of e d abe sa e r t pr m t pe ii d ha e di c e y f r t l nd l c usons' éa f m ul i r c t ton oft e e e sofa c us ofa ton,' tna d as e tons oncl i ,' d or a c e ia i he l m nt a e c i ' or t ke s ri de d off t f cua e nc m e ' a enots fc e t As r t l ba ,1 S. .193 voi urher a t l nha e nt' r ufii n . hc of v. g l 29 Ct 7, 1 ( )(ii BelAta i Cor v.Twombl 550U. 5 555- ( 949 2009 ctn: l lntc p. y, S. 44, 57 2007).Unde l l ) r qba c t a e fr tr qui e t i ntf i he a l ga i nsi t c pl ntt ta e note il d t t ours r i s e r d o de iy i le to n he om ai ha r t ntte o he a s pton oft t ' c us t y a eno m o e t n l ga c us onsuns s um i nlh' be a e he r r ha e l oncl i uppor e by t f c s td he a t . l a 1 .Se nd,c t aerquie t d a ont rû ca e re ea c d. t 951 co ours r e rd o r w hei judiil xpeinc nd ommon s ns ' t de e m i twhe he a c pl i s a e a pl us bl cl m f r le . l a 1 e e ' o t r ne ç t r om a nt t t s a i e ai or e i f ' d. t 950. Unde ' r 1Thede a lte w a da e M ac l ,20 l ( mp. 3 ) nil e tr s t d rh 4 l . Co l! 6. t l lsa r apl i ifmus do mor t n a lge; s e pos i lt t tade e a ha he qba tnda d antf t e ha le t he r sbiiy ha a f nd nt s a t unl w f l ' I at1 c ed a uly. d. 949. ' 1 Di si 11. scus on A. Preem pton U nder t H om eow ners'L oan Act i he Dee f ndan s Fl gs a a Fanni M a a g t tPl i if 'sx c ai s a 1ofwhi h r l on t a t r nd e e r ue ha a ntf s i l m , l c ey sat lw, r pre tdbyt Ho Owne sLoa Ac (t t e a ae e mpe he me r n t çHOLA',1 U. C.j 1 4e s ' 2 S. 46 t eq. ) A lho h t r i a pr um pt o a i tpr e pton,t pr um pton i i pplc bl i t e t ug he e s es i n ga ns e m i he es i s na i a e n hos a e swhe et r i ahit yofs g tc ntf r lpr e . 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R. 5 0.( )4 .Be a s al nmo iiainb d tnto r s lsi n w la tr , F. j 6 2 b ( ) c u e oa dfc t y ei iin e ut n e o n ems a o r que tf al n modii a i cla l r lt st ç e msofc e t'a i e es l pr mptd. e s or oa fc ton e ry ea e o i r t r di' nd s xpr sy ee e Se Ay av.W ordSa ngsBn FSB,6l F. 2d 1 07,1 6- 8( D.Ca. )( di e al l vi nk. 6 Supp. 0 01 1 C. l2009 hol ng t tca msoffa ba e on a l atonsr ga di t t nnsofc e tofa l n a epr e ed by ha li r ud s d leg i e r ng he e r di oa r e mpt HOLA) Stfnv. a ho a, C 09 ; ea W c vi No. -2252SBA, 2009W L 4730904,a * ( D. .Dec 7, t 3 N. Cal . 2009)( di pli if'sae1w camsr gadi t pr es bywhiht f e os e hol ng antfs tt a li e r ng he oc s c he orcl ur oc uredweepr mptdbyHOLA) Theeor,be aus t s t eofPli if'cams c r r ee e . rf e c e he ubsanc antfs li c e na tviise e sypre t by 1 C. R.j560. 1 Pli if cai mus be onc r ci te xprs l e mped 2 F. 2(8 antfs' l ms t dimis d. s se Pl nif atmptt a dt a iai of1 C. R.j560. b)bya g ngfa i a aitfs' te o voi he pplc ton 2 F. 2( r ui rud s c mmo lw t r ta i n t r e tdu d r1 C. R. 5 02 c i un ru sv .Un e o n a o th t s o p e mp e n e 2 F. j 6 .4 ) s pes a ie d r j56 2()saelwst onl çi de alyaf tlndngope ai 'aeno pre e 1 0. c tt a hat y tnci nt l fec e i r tons' r t e mptd. 2 C. R.j560. c) Acc di y,t Cour c i r whehe t fa algai a is onl F. 2( . or ngl he t onsde s t r he r ud le tons t sue y t nc de a l af e tl ndi ' The e s e oft M c dde 'f a c a m de nds i pa t t i nt ly f c e ng.' i s enc he Fa ns r ud l i pe n r on w he he t M cFa ns di i f c ,s ts y t c ie i f a l n m odi i a i unde t M a ng t r he dde d, n a t a i f he rt ra or oa fc ton r he ki Ho eAfor bl Pr a .To t e e Pli if a lget we ewr uly de e al n m f da e ogr m he xtnt antfs le hey r ongf l nid oa m odii a i unde t M aki H o e A for bl Pr r m ,Pl i if c ea l s ek t r gul t t fc ton r he ng m f da e og a a ntf s l ry e o e a e he mn nneri whi h l m odii a i a e a ove whi h c r c st pur e ofH OLA ,a n c oan fc tons r ppr d, c ontadi t he pos s e ane byOTS.See1 C. R.j560. a (t i e t gi fdea svi asocai xpli d 2 F. 2() C OTS ntnds o ve e rl a ngs s itons ma mum fe biiy t e r iet rlndi powe si a co da ewih aunio f de a xi l xi lt o xe cs hei e ng r n c r nc t f nn e r l s he ofr ulton.'.Asa he co ti t sCic tha noe tii i ppr it,i not c me eg ai ' ) not r ur n hi rui s td,tt s na oprae f i pos i e, o di s c ea h s e i a l ndi a tviy t ti c r unde H O LA . .' Dow n v. m s bl t s e t c t p n e ng c i t ha s ove ed r .' Fl sa Ba F. B.No.3:0-v- 201 W L 1 az tr nk. S. , 1 c 847, 1 326961, t*4( D. Apr 4, 1. a E. Va. . 201 ) Be us t aleg f a a t M c dde 'elgi lt f t pr i e l n a e i xti a y ca e he l ed r ud nd he Fa ns i biiy or he om s d oa r ne r c bl lnke t sCour co l i d, hi t ncudest tt fa al gai cea l ta f c lndi 'a t ,t lw ha he r ud le tons l ry ife t e ng,' nd hus he a i pr e e s e mpt d. B. Faiureto St e a Cl m l at ai Addii ly,e n i Pl i tf s c ai s w e e notpr m pt d by f de a l w , c of tona l ve f a n if l m ' r ee e e r l a ea h Pl i if sa e l q c a r f i t s a e a c a r a ntf s t t a v l ins a l o t t l in. Cou s1and1:QuitTil Cl m andJ // Aci t Se Asi For cl ur nt 1 e te ai kz/ ton o t de e os e y l Count Ia 1 oft Com pl i ,Pl i if c le t va i t oft Subs iu i of n s nd 1 he a nt a ntfs ha l nge he ldiy he tt ton Tnlt edoc e and t De ofFor l ur .Pl ntfs r que tt Subsiuton ofTr te se um nt he ed ecos e ai if ' e s he tt i use a dDe do Fo e l u eb d cae v i a dc n eld ( mp . 4 ) o ta i terq it il n e f r cos r e e lr d o d n a c le , Co l! 5 , r h t f h i ue tte a ton i no s c s ult tt Cour us ise t bl pow e st s ta i t f r l ur c i s t uc es f ha he t e t quia e r o e s de he o ec os e, ( mpl!53) I s Co . . n uppor oft ec t,Pli if alget tW hie' a nt ta t hes ouns antfs le ha t s ppoi men s s tt t t se wa notpr ry m a ubsiu e nlte s ope l de.Spec fc ly,he M cFa nsale t tt ii al t dde l ge ha he SubsiutonofTr se - sgne byFlgsa Ba FSB,( tt i ute i d a tr nk, ComplEx. - wa no sgne byt . E) s t i d he be tcayoft l whihPl ntfs algewa Fa eMae ( neiir he oan, c ai if ' le s nni , Compl! 1 .Ac or ngl . 0) c di y, 8 Pli tfsa guet Cour s d srp W hieofhi powe sa fnd t f ec os es e a n if r he t houl ti t s r nd i he or l ur al i pr m oper. Thi a gum en i t c s r t s m onvi i f t o r a o . Fis ,ha ng r e e t l ng ge of nc ng or w e s ns r t vi evi w d he a ua t Not a t De ofTnzt t Co ttndsno l ng gelm ii t as i nabiiy ofet r he e nd he ed s ,he ur i a ua i tng he s g lt ihe teNoeo t De do Tr s.lde d a Dee d nspon o tt Fo rhCic ih srj ce h t r he e f u t n e , s fn a t it u ,he u t r ut a ee td t noton t tt valdiy ofa not orde d oft s i c pr i ed by t a f rt a t rpa t he i ha he i t e e nzt s om om s r ns e o no he ry. Ho v t v.Ba ofN. ,6 F. 61 61 ( hCi.2011.Furhemo e t lnguageo t r ah nk Y. 41 3d 7, 9 4t r ) t r r ,he a f he Subsiuton ofTr t doc e pr de onl t tFl gs a Ba FSB t st pr s nthol ror tt i usee um nt ovi s y ha a t r nk, < he e e i de t a horz a ntoft hol roft not s c e by t de d oft us .' The e or e n i he ut i ed ge he de he e e ur d he e r t' r f e, ve f Fl gs a ha tans er e is i e es i t N ot a t m orga s r c ri w oul s ilbe a t r d r f r d t nt r t n he e, s he t ge e vi e t d tl a horze t s gn t Subs iuton ofTnlt e. ut i d o i he tt i se Se ond, ai if cha l nge f l unde t s a u e off a . The es e ofPl i tf s c Pl ntf s le ais r he t t t r uds s nce a n if ' c ai s r l on a or pr i e a l ge y m a by Fl gs a t ti w oul m odiy t t r sof l m ey n al om s le dl de a t r ha t d f he e m Pli if 'hom el n. Or c r t a f c i r alpr pe t a eunenf r e e. CodeAl antfs oa al ontac s fe tng e o ry r o c abl Va. m. j 112Ct es apr s ,c rc,a e me t. ors me a um ornot t rof i i - unl s omie onta t gre n . ome mornd . e hee , s n wrtnga sgne byt pa t t bec ge o hi age t noa tons lbebr ii nd i d he ry o har d r s n, ci hal ought..( pon . uj a a e me orco rc f s r c t bepefr di t s eofr lesae..' .Pl ntfs ny gre nt nta t or evies o ro me n he al ea tt ..) ai if ' ha no al ge t e se e ofa wrte a r me t modiy t t m soft Not ort ve t le d he xit nc ny itn g ee nt o f he er he e he D e d ofTr t a t wihoutany s h a l ton t Cour m us di m i sCount la I . e us , nd hus t uc lega i he t t s s s nd I Count11 Fr 1 . audAgai s Fl t n t ags ar Pl i if 'cl i s off a a ns Fl gs a m us be di m i s d f f iur t pl d t a ntf s a m r ud gai t a t r t s s e or a l e o ea he cli wihpm iulrt asrquie unde Fe R.Ci P. b) Se Ha s v. etnc e am t c aiy e rd r d. v. 9( . e nion W si hous Sa nna Ri rCo. 1 F. 776,78 8 ( hCi.1 ( e9( r rspli ifpla va h ve , 76 3d 3- 4 4t r 999) Ru1 b) equie antf e d d he tm e pl ce a co e s oft f l e r pr s nt to ,asw e last i entt oft pe s d i , a , nd nt nt t he a s e e e a i ns l he d iy he r on ma igt emirprs nain a dwh th o ti e t ee y'.Plitfsfit saet es e ii kn h se e e tto n a e ban d h rb ' an if al o tt h p cfc ) da ea tmea whih t a lgedpr iet plc o who a Fl gsa m a t al ge t nd i t c he le om s ook a e r t a t r de he le d p o s .S eCo l!2 ( a sa t l Plitfsn towo r a o t h Noie ta terla r mie e mp . 5 i g tr od an if o t ry b u t e tc ,h t h i o n Tl modii ai wa i pr es,a t tnofr cos ewoul occ . tc ton s n oc s nd ha o e l ur d ur' ). Sec ond,Pli if fa c am sf i be a ePli tfsc nnotal ger s na er ince antfs' r ud l i a l c us a n if a le ea o bl ela on Fl gs a ' a l ge or pr i e t m odiy t rl n. To m a outa f aud c a m , m us a t r s le d al om s o f hei oa ke r l i one t p o : 1 af lerp e e tto , 2 o maeilfc,3 ma eitn in lya dk o n l () rve ( ) as e r sn ain ( ) f tra a t( ) d ne to al n n wigy,4 wiht itntt de i ( t pa t al ngfa rledo t f s rpr e ai t t i t he ne o ceve, 5) he ry legi rud ei n he ale e esntton o her derme , nd( da ti nta 6) maget t pa t alegngfa Col v.Kno e Comwci ,nc. o he ry l i r ud. m wldge tons I , 266Va.36 3 585S. 2d 578,581( 2, 67, E. 2003) . Asa i ta ma t ,t Cour no e t twhe t M c dde de de t c l Flgsa , n nii l ter he t t s ha n he Fa ns ci d o a l a t r t y f l d t f l t i t c i c a ne i t N o i e ofDef ul t y r e ved. The he aie o olow he ns nz tons ont i d n he tc a t he ec i notcece l i c tst tones ul c ac Sn l1W hief mo ei or to ( i lary ndiae ha ho d ont t mue . t or r nf main. Compl . Ex. .Thenotcepr d bot W hie' addes a at e D) i ovies h t s r s nd elphonenumbe t c l.L. Howe r r o al ds u ve, whe he o no i c tt e r as bl r la e t c l Fl t r t m orgag s r c r r t r t r r t t ons iut s e ona e e i nc o a l ags a , he t e e vi e , a he t n t pe s ls e on t N o i e ofD ef ul ne notbe d t r i tve i t sc e. A s ha he r on i t d he tc a t ed e e m na i n hi as e ane a ve orlpr mie af tngrale tt aeune or a e.Va.CodeAl j 1 2. xpli d bo , a o ss feci e sae r nf ce bl m. 1- Ass h, r ni l w pr c ude Pli if fom alegngt y woul ha ac e dif r nty ba e uc Vigi a a e l s antfs r l i he d ve t d fe e l s d on t a l ged o a pr i e by Fl gs a t ti woul notf e os on t i hom e. he le r l om s a t r ha t d or cl e he r Co n I .Br a ho nr c Ag n t n eM a u t V e c fco ta t ais Fa ni e Pl ntfs c am f br ac ofc r c a i tFa e M a i ba r d by t saut of ai if ' l i or e h onta t gans nni e s re he t t e fauds Pl i if 'a l ge t tFn e M ae diec e Fl t rt tm i r pr e t tPl ntf swoul r . a ntf s le ha nni r t d agsa o t s e es nt ha ai if d begi natilplna l nmodii toni t yq lfe .. ( ve ra a nd oa tcai f he uaiid..' Compl!61 .Ase ane i ' . ) xpli d n dea la t i bove be us Pl ntfs c am r i on a lge or lpr iea f tngr ale t t i i , ca e ai if ' l i eles le d a om s feci e sa e t s bar dbyt saut offa , CodeAl j 112, mus bedimisd. re he tt e r uds Va. m. - and t s se CountF? N e i nc Agai tFl gs a glge e ns a t r Pli tfs c am f ne i nc mus bedimi s d be us t d i t te s bewe n a n if ' l i or glge e t s s e ca e he utes ha xit t e Fl gsa a t Pl i if les ey i co r c a donots a t r nd he antfs i ol l n nta t nd ound i t r .I i wel s tld unde n o t t s l e te r Vigi a1w t tabr c ofdut t te sspur ybec us ofaco r c doe notgi rs t a r ni a ha ea h y ha xit el a e nta t s ve ie o t tcai ForinM isonBd. W a 2 Va. 2 , S. 2 1 1 (991 (ii or l m. ec si v. de, 42 234, 41 409 E.d 44, 48 1 ) ctng S e c v. rok& W . Co.9 Va 1 2 1 6 ( 8 5 ) Vigni lw ditng ih sb t e p n e No f l R. , 2 . 0 , 1 1 9 ). r i a a si u s e ewe n aci nsf t t ndcontac asf l : to or or a r t olows l t c us ofc pl i be f an a tofom i s on or no f as nce f he a e om a nt or c si n- e a whi wihout pr of a co r c t do whatwas l f undone ch, t oof nta t o et , woul no gi rs t a c us ofacin ( a eno dut a r d t ve ie o ny a e to bec us y pa t fo c r c t d wha i c mpli d ofe ss t nt aci i r m onta t o o t s o ane xit) he he ton s f und u o ed pon c r c , nd no u n t r . I ,o t ot rha t ont a t a t po o t f n he he nd, he r a i of t pl i if a t def nd nt be s h t t a dut el ton he a ntf nd he e a s uc ha y a i e fom t t r a i hi ir s c i e of t c r c ,t t ke rs s r ha el tons p, r e pe tv he ont a t o a due c r a t de e ant a enegi nt t n t a ton i one of a e, nd he f nd s r lge , he he c i s t . ort Rih ndM er Auh. M c vt Sre Bo s 25 Va 5 3 5 8 5 7S. 2 3 4, 4 ( 9 8 c mo to. t v. De it te t vi, 6 . 5 , 5 , 0 E.d 4 3 6 1 9 ) ( i Bur Pl di a Pr tc j234(t e 1 ).Pl ntfsdonotdipuet s quotng ks ea ng nd acie 4h d. 952 ) ai if s t hi prnci e ofV i ni l ,buti t ty t avoi is applcaton by argui t t M cFaddens i pl rgi a aw nsead r o dt i i ng hat he do notha ac r ntc r cua r a i hi wihFl tr TheM c dde as e tha alhough ve ure onta t l eltons p t agsa . Fa ns s r t t t t ri talcontactw as w ih Fl t when Fl art f r isi er ti t deed oftus hei nii r t agsar, agst rans er ed t nt es n he r t t Fa e M aet tc r cua r l tons p e d. TheCour i notpe s d by t sa gume . o nni ha onta t l e ai hi nde ts r uade hi r nt The c pl ne ofa a i s i Fl gs a ' a l ge f iu e t pr es t pr i e hom e l n om ai d ct t s ue s a t r s le d a l r o oc s he om s d oa m odii a i The d y t pr es a hom e l n m odii a i exi t s e y bec us ofc r c . fc ton. ut o oc s oa t c ton s s ol l a e ont a t Shema v. ton Loa Sevii L. ,796F.Sup zd753,763- (t ncea oblg tons r n Lit n r cngs P. p. 64 d si ny iai Lit m i htha had i pr s i pl i ifs . .l n m odii a i c d onl have a i e f om ton g ve n oce sng a ntf . oa tc ton oul y rs n r t a l ed c r tbe w e n t pa te , t do notf o f om t c m on l w , ai ifha he leg ontac t e he r i s and hus l w r he om a pl ntf s fie t aleg a dut t tc ds r a t ba i f ane i nc cl m.) Ac v.Cha e ald o l e ny y ha oul eve s he ss or glge e ai ' ; una ' s Ho Fi nc LLC,No. 1 c 905, me na e. 3:0-v- 2011W L 188 3089,a * ( D. M a 17, ) t 7 E. Va. y 2011 ( di t twhenpl ntf homewasf e os o des t pr s t t contayigj hol ng ha ai ips orcl ed n pie omies o he rr tthe mir pr e ai nsciedby Ac a1a ieoutofpa te 'c ta t ldutes ast ype ti t se es nt to t una l rs ri s on r c ua i , he ra n o t pa tes oblgai nsunde t Not a Dee ofTr t i l ng l n pa e s t he ri ' i to r he e nd d us,ncudi oa ym nt, he f e l ur ort modiiai pr s' Cons que l t Mc dde 'cai f negi nc orcos e he fc ton oce s). e nty,he Fa ns l m or lge e i notr cog z d unde Vigi a 1w a mus bedimis d. s e nie r r ni a nd t s se Co n V . Wht ' V oaino h Vr i aCo s me Pr tcinAc (' u t 1 ies i lto ft e igni n u r oe to t ' ' VCPA ' ) Pli if ale t tW hievi aedt VCPA, Code. antfs lge ha t olt he Va. Ann.j59. - 1 e sg.by 1 96 t e , et rne ie l orwiluly()mirprs ntngt theha bee pr ry a poi e () ihe glg nty lf l 1 se e e i ha d n opel p ntd, 2 mirprs ntngt thtwo da ta afducir t r t Pli if, ( byfii t se e e i ha ul c s i ay owads he antfs and 3) alng o c ompl wih hi fd ir d i . ( y t s i uca y utes Compl!!71 73, . Thi cai f l a ama troflw te a . , 74)3 s l m ais s 3Pli if donotalegei t i Co pl ntt tFl trorFan eM a vi ae t V CPA . ( mpl!6 ) Th antfs l n her m ai ha agsa ni e oltd he Co . 8 . e Cour not t ti t hads ale t es ha f hey o lged,t cli woul bedim is be us ba a esatt iyexe ptfom te he am d s sed ca e nks r t uorl m r h VCP S eVa Co eAn .j5 .- 9 ( ; c mitv W el Fa c Ho M t .No 3 l -v 0 9 201 W L A. e . d n 9 1 1 9 D) S h d . l r o me 2 , . : lc - 5 , 1 s l 9 6 8 a * ( D. . r2 , 01 )(odn teVCPA e p esye cu e b nk) 5 7 5 , t 4 E. Va Ap. 6 2 1 h lig h x rsl x ld s a s. be aus W hie i saut iy e mptfo t VCPA. M or ove , ai if ha f ie t al e c e t s t t orl xe r m he e r Pl ntfs ve a ld o leg s fc en f c st s a e a cl i unde t V CPA . ufi i t a t o t t am r he The pur e oft V CPA i S o pr ot t f i a e hi ls a r ofde lngs pos he s ç om e he a r nd t ca t nda ds t ai bewe n s ir a t c umi publc' Va. t e upples nd he ons ng i.' CodeAl .j59.- 97.Howe r t VCPA m 11 ve,he doesnota yt tgl as to ac ume ta a tonwhiha pe ti a horz unde lws ppl o tany pec f ons r rnsci c s c s ut ied r a orrgultonsoft sCommonweat o t Unie Stts.. l a 59.- 99( .Vigi al e ai hi 1h r he td ae ..' d. t 1 1 A) r ni aw ' e es l pr vi sf t e se eoftusee a s tt et see unde ade oftus - t xpr sy o de or he xit nc r t s nd ubsiut nzt s r ed r t he e c f n to W ht p ro di t sc s .S eVa Co eAn j5 - 9 9 (i- p rysc r d xa t u cin ie e fnne n hi a e e . d n. 5 5 4 ) tl a t e u e -he by t dee oftu t..s l ha t rghta powe t a ntas tt etuseeort u t es he d r s . ha l ve he i nd r o ppoi ubsiut r t r se f a r as a r r e sofw he he s h rghta pow e i e es l gr nt d i s h de or ny e on nd, ega dl s t r uc i nd r s xpr s y a e n uc ed oftus ,by e c i a a know l dgi an i t um e de i tng a a r t xe utng nd c e ng nsr nt s gna i nd ppoi i a ntng s bsiue' F a sa, st ep e e t o d ro a t o ie a e t fteh le of h n t u t t. lg tr a h rs n h le r uh rz d g n o h od r t e oe t ). e c e aSubsiutonofTr t ( xe utd tt i usee ComplEx. ,a itngW hieasas tt etuse . E) pponi t ubsiut r te. Once W hie wasa t ppoi e V igi a l w e e sy pr dest a hort f W hie t s l t nt d, r ni a xpr s l ovi he ut iy or t o e l he prpet i t e ntofdea t Se Va. o ry n he ve ful. e CodeAnn.j5559( (tnt e ofdea ti t - 7) t he vent ful n he l pa e oft de s c e ..t n a t r ques ofa be i i r t t us e s lf t ih ym nt he bt e ur d . he t he e t ny nefc a y he r t e hal orhw t de l r a 1t de s a oblga i s c e by t de d oftus a onc due a pa e a c a e l he bt nd i tons e ur d he e r tt e nd yabl nd ma t posesi oft pr ry a pr e dt slt s mea a to ..) Addii l y ake s son he ope t nd oc e o el he a t ucin..'. ' tonaly, t V CPA doe no a y t a a pec ofa tans to r ul e by t Fe r lCons m e he s t ppl o ny s t r ac i n eg at d he de a u r Cr i Pr tci Ac.Se Va Cod Ann.j5 1 1 C) nc c u rr lesae edt oe ton t e . e 9.- 99( .Si e ons me ea tt t a a to a e c r b t Fe r Cons e Cr di Pr e ton A c , he V CPA i r ns c i ns r ove ed y he de al um r e t ot c i tt s i pplca e.Se Smihv. S.Crdi Cor , F.Su 1 2,103( D. 1 ) The eor na i bl e t U. e t p.626 pp. 0 E. Va. 985 . r f e, be us W hie sa ca e t ' ppoi m e a a tonsw ih r ga d t t f ec os e s l a e e e sy nt nt nd c i t e r o he or l ur a e r xpr s l pr de f runderVigi a1w a pa tofata a tonr gult d by t Fe r lCons e ovi d o r ni a nd r r ns c i e a e he de a um r Cr di Pr t c i Ac , hie i e m ptunde t V CPA . e t o e ton t W t s xe r he The Cour a s fnds t Pl i if ha f ied t a l ge a f t t ta l t Cour t t l o i hat a ntf s ve a l o le ny ac s ha low he to co l t tW hies tsi t d i ton ofaç u ir' t tW hie' aci nsf lwihi t ncude ha t a ifes he efnii ç pple 'or ha s t s to al t n he de i ton ofa Ec um e t a a ton' unde t VCPA . M er l s a i t tW hie i a fnii t ons r r ns c i ' r he e y t tng ha t s és ir'a t tt l nandr ae f e os eweeatc u rta a ton,'Compl iupple' nd ha he oa eltd orcl ur r tons me r ns ci '( . ! 6 ,0 ,sis fiin u d rI b lwh c rq ie tePli t f t p e dmo eta lg l ! 97 ) i n u fce t n e g a, ih e ur s h ani s o la r h n e a f c l i ns l l 1 S. .a 1 . onc us o . qba , 29 Ct t 951 A s ple i de i a :û s l r l s ororlc ns who a r i e ,s i is o e ge i up i r s fned s ç ele , e s a i e or dve ts s olc t r nga s n c um e tans c i , a m a ac ur r di ti ut rorlc ns who a r i e a s ls l s ons r r a tons or nuf t e , sr b o i e or dve ts s nd e l , ea es orlc ns sgoods ors rv c s t be r s d,l s or s i ens d by ot rper ons i c um e ie e e ie o e ol ea ed ublc e he s n ons r ta a tons' Va. r nsci . ' Code. Ann.j59. - 1 (mpha i adde .Thetr tc ume ta aci ' 1 98 e ss d) em sons r rns ton' i dei by t VCPA t i l i e ala, hel dve ts nt s e l a eorofe i f rs l s tned he o ncude, ntr i t d rieme , al, e s a f rng o a e orl as ofgoo ors r c s t be us d p i a iy f rpe s l f m iy orhous hol e e, ds e vi e o e r m r l o r ona , a l e d pur es.. I (mpha i ad .Pli if'Complitc ensar lett ta a ton, pos ..' d.e ' ss ded) antfs an onc r ea sae rnsci s cfc lyt t r sofa l n modii a i a t r s tng f r l ur whent m o fc ton pe ii al he e m oa fc ton nd he e uli o ec os e he dii a i f ie W ihoutpl di f t t ts w how a l n modii ai a f r cl ur a econs r a ld. t ea ng acs ha ho oa fc ton nd o e os e r ume t a a tonsr t rt n c e tt a a to ,w hi h a e sa ut iy e m ptf om t V CPA , hi r ns c i a he ha r di r ns c i ns c r t t orl xe r he t s Cour fndsPl i if ha f ie t pl a s fc entf c st s ti a ntf s ve a l d o e d ufi i a t o uppor t i ale ton. t he r l ga i Fi ly,t Cour tndst tPl i if ha f ie t a l ge s tci ntf c st s na l he ti ha a ntf s ve a l d o le ufi e a t o how t t ha W hie m i r pr s nt t the w oul a ta a tduc a y t w a ds t Pl ntf s o f l t c pl t s e e e ed ha d c s i i r o r he ai if r aied o om y w ih hi t duc a y dute l f c ,Pl i if 'Com pl i i be e tofa alega i r r ng t s i ir i s. n a t a ntf s a nt s r f ny l tons ega di W hie' conductot t t f t tpl ntf sr ved a notce f om W hie t t rhom e t s her han he act hat d ai if ecei i ' r t hat hei 14 wa t b s l a af rco u es l, ( mp . 2 ) a dta i nM ac 1 , 01 , ht s o e od t o e ls r ae' Co l! 2 , n h t d ' o rh 0 2 1 W ie c onduce afr l ur s l,'Compl!27) W iho mor,Pli if ha fie t saea td oecos e ae'( . . t ut e antfs ve ald o tt cl i .Cons que l bec e W hie i eihe s a ut iy exe ptfom t V CPA or b a e am e nty, aus t s t r t t orl m r he ec us Pl i if ha f ied t pl a a vi a i oft V CPA , hi c a m m us be di m i s d. a ntf s ve a l o e d ol ton he t s li t s se I -concl i v us on Fo t a r he bover as ,t Co tfndst tPli if 'cli sa epr mpt d by HOLA e ons he ur i ha antfs am r ee e a m us bedimis d.Addii ly, ve i notpr e e t cai smus silbedim is nd t s se tona l e n f e mpt d he l m t tl s s ed f rfiur t sat acai Dee antW hie' Moto t Dimis ( . .8& 9 a o al e o t e l m. fnd t s in o s s, DktNos ) nd Dee nt Fl tra Fa eM a sMotont Dimis ( . .1 & 1 a et r oe fnda s agsa nd nni e' i o s s, DktNos 3 4) r heefr GR AN TED . An a opra eo de s l is t sda ppr i t r r ha l s ue hi y. E E Ti f NT R: hs dyoJnay2 1. a faur,02 ' nie St t sDit t d a e sr udge

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