Blount v. Neece et al

Filing 50

MEMORANDUM OPINION. Signed by District Judge Glen E. Conrad on 8/17/2012. (tvt)

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Pl nt f ,
ai i f

M EM O M N D U M O PI I N
N O
VS.

By: G l E.C onrad
en

W I E NEECE, AL.
LLI
c
,

Chi Unied St e Dit itJudge
ef t
at s s rc
Def
endant
s.

Donel J. ount Sr , V igi a i a e pr e ng pr K ,fl d t scvi rght aci n
l Bl , . a r ni nm t oce di
o
ie hi i l i s to
.

ptrua t 42U. C.j 1 al ngt ta trhi nmbultr r tantha uf clmpe down
ls nt o
S.
983, legi ha fe s
ao y esri ndc f n d
o hi wrs whiehewasr tng, hede e n prs ofii l i e hi c
n s it l
esi t
f nda t ion fc as gnor d s ompl i sofpai i
ant
n, n
vi a i ofhi Ei h Am e
olton
s ght
ndme rght .Afe e
nt i s tr ngagi i dic r Bl mtr po d t
ng n s ove y, ot es nde o

d fn a t' to f rs mma yj d me t Up nrve o t rc r t ec u ti dsta
e e d n s moin o u r u g n . o e iw f he e o d,h o r tn h t
def nda s m o i m us be g a e
e nt ' ton
t r nt d.
I

A . Background

Th cr u tn e i wh c Blu tsij r aos a dhsrltdme ia r c r sae
e ic msa c s n ih o n ' nu y r e n i eae dc l e o d r
s n nm t t d
on a e i on
l r l uncon esed. Bl
a ge y
t t 1 ounti a i a e a R e Oni St t Prs . N e rm i ghton M a 1
a dni
y 9,
2011 Bl
, ountc r hi c l doo w i
ove ed s e l r ndow w ih c o hi a r f ed f oo of i r 'o de st
t l t ng nd e us l r fce s r r o

r movet co rng.W hen Lt Fa n a ve a or r Bl tt mwove hi wi w ,
e
he ve i
. nni ni d nd de ed oun o
r s ndo
Bl
ountcom ple O f i er r m ove Bl m tf o hi c l and s r hed i. W he Fn n t i e
i d. fc s e
d ol r m s e l
ea c
t
n nni w c

or r d Bl
de e ountt r e e hi cel Bl untr f s d bot tmes Lt Bl vi a horze pl i
o e nt r s l, o
eue
h i . . e ns ut i d acng

1 On s mma yj g n,d f n nsofe a fda t fo Re Onin S aePrs ofie s Sgt
u r ud me t e e da t f r fi vis r m d o tt ion fc r,
.

Viat andN ee Sgt Lamberq a Lt. nni and a afi tf om Red Oni sD iec orofN ur i
t oe
ce, .
nd Fa n,
n fdavi r
on' r t
sng
Vi Phi a t hi and s marzi t i or i i Bl ' m edialr dsf M a t
cki pps, tac ng
um
i ng he nf maton n ounts
c ecor or y o
Decembe 201l. l r pons t def nda s'moton,Bl s
r
n es e o e nt
i
ount ubmishi own af i tand atachment .
t s
fdavi
t
s

Blunti a bult y r sr nt ,a i aec r me ha s whih consssofa e s kl ,
o n m a or e tai s n nm t ontol c nim
c
it
nkl hac es
ha uf s w ih a bl c box o rt m , a c i a t he t t c f a t s c e . At
ndc f t
ak
ve he and ha n tac d o he uf s nd he ha kl s
a oxi a el 1 35 mm .on M a 20, 1 V ia oe a s s e Lt Far i i es r i Bl
ppr m t y 2:
y
201 , t t s it d . m n n co tng ountt t
o he

ve tbul a as it d i a yi t n
si e nd sse n ppl ng he mbul t yr tait .Nee evi ot pe t ofi e s
aor esr n s
c de a d he fc r
pl ci t a bul t y r s r n s o Bl . A nur e c ke t r tai t f tg nes by
a ng he m a or e tai t n ount
s hec d he esr n s or i ht s
pl ci t o fnge st de e h r s r i .
a ng w i r m r ac e ta nt

I t i as i nm e asfoo ofi e so M a 20,2011 Via oea Nee em a r gulr
n her sg nt l r fc r n y
, tt nd
c
de e a
s c iy c c i t hous ng u t w a ki pa ta l ng i o e h c lt c c e h
e ur t he ks n he
i ni, l ng s nd ooki nt ac el o he k ac
i a e' s a us I a i a epus hi i e c buton,i w ilnotf t con r r
nm t s t t . f n nm t
hes s nt r om
t t l i y he t ol oom ofk e ,
t r
w ho w ilr s nd t l r t i a e' co pl nta ha a foorof i rr por t t ti a e'
l e po o ea n he nm t s m ai nd ve l
fce e t o ha nm t s
t c l . A s foorofi r , ia oe a N ee e di notha a hort unde pr s polc t e e
he e l
l
fce s V t t nd
c d
ve ut iy
r i on i y o nt r
an i at s cel w ihouta s vi present.
nm e' l t
uper sor

Ata oxi a e y 6: a. . Sgt La be ta ved a Bl unt s c l t c c on hi ,a
ppr m t l 30 m , . m r ni
t o ' e l o he k
m nd
Bl
ountr pore t thi l f hand r s r i w ast tgh . La be te t r t c l a f
e td ha s e t
e t a nt
oo i t m r n e ed he e l nd ound t t
ha

telf ha d u fwa tg t La e t o e e t c fs aj se t m,o k dt e a an, n
h e t n c f s ih . mb r losn d he u f, du td he l c e h m g i a d
ha a nur e che k B l un ' wr s and t r t a nt . The nur e not t tBl
d
s
c o ts it
he esr i s
s
ed ha ountha a si ht
d lg ,
r dde d i t ton a ound hi l twr s ,wih no o n a e . A fe t ofi e s l e t
e ne nden a i r
s ef it t
pe r as t r he t c r oos ned he
r s r nt t nur e no e t ts w a a e t pl c t o tnge s unde e h r tai a t t
e tai , he s t d ha he s bl o a e w i r
r ac esr nt nd ha
Bl
ountw asc pl ni t hi m i twashuri The nur e no e t the w a gi n hi
om ai ng hat s s
tng.
s t d ha
s ve s
m or ng m e ca i w hi h i l
ni
di tons c nc uded Tyl nolpr s r be f hi a f w da e r i r2 The ntr e
e
e c i d or m e
ys a le .
ls
a s i t u t d hi t a y c d co pr s es W he Bl untwasr e ed,a 11: a. . he
l o nsr c e m o ppl ol m e s .
n o
el as
t 00 m ,
2 On M ay 1 ,2011 ofi shad plced Bl i ambult y r tai s Bl becam e
6
a
ount n
a or esr nt . ount
, fcer
dir i whiet nurs wasas essng t r tai s,s t ass s
s uptve l he
e
s i he esr nt o he es mentwassopped. W hen ofi s
t
fcer
r eas Bl fom ambul or r tai son M a l 20l1 he c
el ed ount r
at y esr nt
y 7,
, ompl ned t t l thandcuf wast
ai hat he ef
f
oo
tght The nur enot si r
i .
s
ed lght ednessand si edema t Bl ' l twrs,gave Bl
lght
o ounts ef it
ountTyl
enolf fve
or i
da i acc danc wih nur i pr ocol and i tuct hi t appl col compr s
ys n or e t
sng ot ,
nsr ed m o
y d
es es.

r us d t ha hi vialsgnst ke a co ane t thi lf ha w a nl b.Thenure
ef e o ve s t i a n nd mpli d ha s e t nd s z
m
s
not d f l r nge ofm o i a not d t tt m i ta ha ha no r dne s She a s not d t t
e ul a
ton nd e ha he s nd nd d
e s.
l o e ha

Bl untwa ar dy on Tyl a a s hi t f l up wih m e ca asnee
o
s lea
enol nd dvied m o olow
t di l
ded.
Bl unt s m e c lr c ds i ca e t ton M a 22,2011 ofi e sag n pl ce Bl
o ' di a e or ndi t ha
y
, fc r ai a d ounti
n
nm bul t y r t a nt a t nur e c c t m , tng no c pl i sf om B l
a or esr i s nd he s he ked he no i
om a nt r
ountand no

ij re .W h no tc r r la e Bl u tfo n ultr r sr it o M a 2 , 01 ,hen z e
nu is e fi es ee sd o n r m mb ao y e tans n y 4 2 1 t u s
not d t thec pl ne ofl f m i tpan, wasa et movehi wrs wihoutdifc t
e ha
om ai d e t s i but
bl o
s it t
fiuly.

Then ren tdn ij re .Afe M a 2 , 01 ,h n rigsa f dn t o ea yc mpan s
u s oe o nu is tr y 4 2 1 te u sn tf di o n t n o lit
f om Bl m ta utpa n ornum bne si hi l f w rs ,a t ug hi cha t t s num e ous
r
ot bo
i
s n s e t it lho h s r no e
r

as esm e sf ot rmedialc
s s nt or he
c ompl i sbewe n M a andDec mber2011
ant t e
y
e
.
B. Bl
ounts C l m s
' ai

Bl
ountsaest ta s epoi i t ni ht whiehewa tyi t se p i t
t t ha t om
nt n he g , l
s r ng o le n he

n aoyr tant, r l ove andChewei tofhi bodyca e t l tha uf ( c
mbultr esri s he oled r ç
t
gh
s
us d he ef ndc f whih

ha notbe pr rydoubl lc d)t cos downe rmeytghto g s wrs c usng
d
en opel
e o ke o l e
xte l i n hi) it a i
i tntne ,e rm epan.Hewa una et l e t c f' ( 3 1, ) Bl pus d
nsa a ous xte
i
s bl o oosn he uf ' DE 9- !3. ount he
t e e ge i er om buton,butno oneans r d.W hen Ofi r Nee e a Viaoe c m e
he m r ncy nt c
t
we e
fce s c nd tt a
by Bl ' c ldurngt i r ulrs c iy c cks Bl
ounts el i her eg a e urt he , ounts
howe t t c f Bl unta ke
d hem he uf . o
s d
t m r pe t dl ove t ne s r lhour t c la s r iort l e t c fa anur et
he e a e y r he xt eve a
s o al upe v s o oos n he uf nd
s o
c k hi m i t N e ce a V ia oe r us s yi i w a nott i pr e ,t tBl
hec s s . e nd t t ef ed, a ng t s
he r obl m ha ountha
d

m a t m puthi i a bult yr sr i s a a vii t E elt ne s f'hi c
de he
m n m a or e tant , nd d sng o d l he xt hit' s ompl i s
t
ant .

( 39- ,!3. Bl tsae t trgh beor t s f c
DE 1 ) oun tts ha i t f e he hit hange ohe i tsc r dt i c l
, t r mnae ove e her el
w i w s W he a c pt i c m e t i tga e, he i a est d t o fc r a utBl '
ndo .
n a a n a o nvesi t t nm t ol he f i e s bo
ount s

pr e wih t c a d ha uf , d t c pti or r La b r t c c Bl '
oblm t he l mpe ndc f an he a an de ed m e t o he k ounts
r t ai s.
es r nt

Blu tsae t tteijlyh s fee a ar s l o teca dh nd u ficd n t s
o n tts ha h nt e u frd s e ut f h lmpe a c f n ie t t
r
wa
e r mel panf a e ual c usdnumbnes a s r Jpansi g s m itt
xte y i ul nd vent ly a e
s nd hapg i n hil s,humb a
nd

pikef ra p o i tl o ea dah l mo t s' ( 3 - , 1) W h nBlu ttl n re
n i o p r xmaey n n af n h . DE 9 1 !1 . e o n o d u s s
'
a o t h p i a dn mbn s,he t l hm û t tet p o ij r 1ha (o r s ino te
b u t e an n u e s t y od i t h h y e f nu y d c mp e so f h
wi
n r e )Is o l gveitmet h a, a d teewa ral n t n te c udd ' ( 3 - ,
e v s h ud i t i o e l(n ) h r s e l ohig h y o l o. DE 9 1
y
'
r1 )
6.
Bl
ounts N e ce a V ia oe, orf ii t notf a s r i oroft pr em w ih
ues e nd t t f a lng o iy upe v s
he obl
t
Bl ' c fand f f ii t pr de hi a es t m e c lc r B l ts s Ln be t f no
ount s uf
or a lng o ovi
m cc s o di a a e. oun ue m r , or t
r l s ng hi f o t a bul t y r tai t a t ugh Bl ntw a no l
e ea i
m r m he m a or esr n s lho
ou
s onge di r ptve and w as
r su i

i p i . Asr l f Blu ts e smo eayd ma e a da çin u ci np o iiigt u eo
n an
ei , o n e k n tr a g s n n llj n to r hbtn he s f
e
g
mea r sr it o p io e swhoh v ijlist terwrslqa da ke ta a ee c r ae
tl e tan s n rs n r
a e n t e o h i its n n ls h t r xa eb td
r
byt metlrsri s' ( 1 p.3.
he a etant.' DE , )
C.Dee
f ndant 'Evi nce
s
de
I addii t t t c t t d i o m a i a r ady s m a i d, f nda s af i vis
n
ton o he m on es e nf r ton le
um rze de e nt ' fda t
of e t i r s ns t Bl ' cl i s ia oe doesnotr ca lha ng a i er c i w ih
f r he r e po e o ount s a m .V t t
e l vi ny nt a ton t

Blun a t pl i hi i n ult yr tai sonM a 20, 1 ( 213, 7. Net r
o t fer acng m n mb aor esr nt
y 201 . DE - !5, ) ihe
ViaoenorNee er al Bl ma nga c anta hi a aor rsrit (d. 7;
tt
c ec ls ount ki ny ompli bout s mbult y etans. 1 !
DE 21 1 !5. Bot of er saet ti Bl hadt dt m t hehadapr em wiht
- , ) h fc s tt ha f ount ol he hat
obl
t he
r s r i t , hey w oul have c a t a s
e ta n s t
d
ont c ed uper i o t c r c t st to Via oe a N ee e
v s r o or e t he iua i n. t t nd
c
a s do notr c l t c r r
lo
e a l he ont ol oom of i e a ki t m t c c on B l tbe us ofa
fc r s ng he o he k
oun ca e

c anta t r tant.( 213, )
ompli bout he esr i s DE - :6.

4

W he La r a rve a Bl ' c la t sa tofhi s f t r m oveBl ts
n mbe t ri d t ounts el t he t r
s hit o e
oun '

mate s tupe vii safg i t s f t tha j te
trs ,E r sng tf durng he hitha d us nded)silha Bl mtdoc ntdas
s
tl d ot
ume e
bei dir i .' ( 212,:5. Afe r movi t ca dc f La r di notnoiea
ng suptve' DE - ) tr e ng he lmpe uf, mbe t d
tc ny

b e ki t s n u u ua s l n , ro h rijlyo Blu tswrss La e t i n t v
r a n he ki, n s l wel g o t e nt n o n ' it. mb r dd o ha e
i
r
a hort t r m ove Bl
ut iy o e
ountfom r s r i s asa le ena m us m a t s de i i A c or ng
r
e t a nt ,
i ut nt t ke hi c s on. c di

t t i i ntrpor on M a 20, 1 a a o maey 11: a. .Lt Flmi ( i no a
o he ncde e t
y 201 , t pprxi tl 00 m , . e ng who s t

p ryt t lws i o d rdt t o n b r lae fo n u ao yr sr it.( 212, 5)
a t o he a ut r ee ha Blu t e ee s d r m mb ltr e tan s DE - ! .
)
11

A . St
andar ofRe e
d
vi w

S mmayj d me t sp o e wheet r i n g n ieis ea t a ymae ilfc a d
u r u g n i r p r r hee s o e un su s o n tra a t n
t movi pa t i e ildt j me asamatroflw.Fed. Ci P.56.Rul 56(
he
ng ry s ntte o udg nt
te a
R. v.
e c)

ma d tse tyo s mma yj d me ta an t pat wh t fe a e u t tmefrds o ey a d
n ae n r f u r u g n g is a ry o t tr d q ae i o ic v r n
a
u
pon m oton ... a l t m a a s w i s tci ntt e t bls t e s e e ofa e e en
i
f is o ke ho ng ufi e o s a i h he xi t nc
n lm t

e s ntalt t tpary' c e, nd o whih t tpa t wilbe t bur n ofpr a ti .'
s e i o ha t s as a n c ha ry l ar he de
oof t ral'

Ceoe v.Cart,477U. 31 322( 986 .A ge neis ofmae ilfc e ssi
ltx
tet
S. 7,
1 )
nui sue
tra a t xit f

r a o a l jto sc u dfn b ap e o d rnc o tee ie c ta t en n vn p ryi
e s n b e t r o l i d y rp n ea e f h vd n e h t h o mo ig a t s
r
e tte t av r itnhi fv r An e s nv. bet Lo b s n .4 7U. 2 2 2 2( 9 6 .
nild o e dc i s a o . d ro Li rv b y l c, 7 S. 4 , 5 1 8 )
Alho h t vo tmus viw ge ney diput f t i t lg m os f vo a et t
t ug he ur
t e
nui l s ed ac s n he i ht t a r bl o he
no ova , heco ti ed no a e t l alc l i nsdr wn fom t f c s' nd E e not
nm nt t
ur s
ne
t cc pt he eg onc uso
a r he a t 'a t d
ne
ac e a tu unwa r e i e e es unr s bl c usons orar l e s' K1 h v.
c pt s r e
rantd nf r nc , ea ona e oncl i ,
gt nt .' 0t
m

M ir of Com.444F. 31 31 ( hCi.
c os t
,
3d 2, 9 4t r 2006)( ti quotton) t he o i
omitng ai . t n pposng
W
pa te t lt o di f r nts o i s one ofwhi h i bl t nty con r di t by t r or s t tno
r i s el w
fe e t r e ,
c s aa l
t a c ed
he ec d, o ha

ra o a l j r c ul b le ei, c u t h ul n ta o tha v rino t fcsf rp po e o
e s n b e u y o d eiv ta o r s o d o d p t t e so f he a t o u s s f

nzigo amoinf rs mmayj d me t'sc . v, n s 5 0U. 3 2 3 0( 0 7 (mit g
ln n to o u r u g n . o Ha i , 5 S. 7 , 8 2 0 ) o ti
' g
n
itr quottons atrtons a ctto ) Todeea as
nenal ai , leai , nd iains.
f t upporedmoto f s
t
in or ummay
r

j d me tt t p ne t td mo eta smpy s o t a t r i s memea h ia d u t
u g n ,he t po n mus o r h n i l h w h thee s o
o
tp ysc l o b
ast t m ae ilf t .... he et r or t ke a awhol c d notlad ar tona ti of
o he tra ac s
W r he ec d a n s
e oul
e
a i l rer

f tt fndfrt nonmovi pa t t r i noge neis f til'I ( ti quotton)
ac o i o he
ng ry,hee s
nui sue or ra. d. omitng ai .
'
I pa tc a ,whe et r o d c nt i a unc lnge vi ot pec pt i t e nt i
n riul r
r he ec r o ans n hale d de a a urng he ve s n

quesi t c tmus o y c e tt pl i ifsve son oft f c st t e e i i not
ton, he our
t nl r di he antf
ri
he a t o he xtnt t s

c rditdbyt vi a Ja;l v.Shrve,535F. 225,230(t Ci.
onta ce
he deotpe. #. ko
e
3d
4h r 2008)
.
B . Ei h Am endm entSt
ght
andard

I i w e le t i he t tC he unne es a y a w a on i l c i ofpa n ... onsiut
t s l s abls d ha ç
t
c s r nd nt nti ton
i
c tt es
c ue a unus lpunihm e f bi n by t Ei h Am e e .' H uds v.M c ila 50
r l nd
ua
s nt or dde
he ght
ndm nt'
on
M li n, 3

U. 1,5( 9 ( i W hilyv.Al r,475U. 31 31 ( 986 Cli t rt
S.
1 92) quotng
te
be s
S. 2, 9 1 :. ams mde he

Eih hAme d n h v t c mp n n s ()t o j ciec mp n n , eh raprs n
gt
n me t a e wo o o e t: 1 he be tv o o e twh t e io
o t a' alg dwr ng o n wa d be t eyh r u'e o ht e tbih ac n t ui n l
f ls le e o d i g s i jci l a mf l n ug o sa ls o si to a
ki
o
v
'
t
voain, n ( as j ciec mp n n , eh r h o fca t c gd wihas fiinl
ilto a d 2) ube tv o o e twh te t e fiil ç te l t u fce ty
a
c la l saeo mi d. I a 8(uoigW is nv. etr 5 U. 2 4, 98( 9 ).Th
up be tt f n ' d. t q tn lo S ie, 01 S. 9 2 1 91) e
'
s
howi r r d f e h oft e c m pone sva i wih t c e i whih t pl ntf s
ng equie or ac
hes o
nt res t he ont xt n c he ai if

cl m a ie , t naur oft obe tveco
ai rs s and he t e he j ci mpone rquie c
nt e rs ompaiont E one ay
rs o s tmporr
c
sa r ofde enc 'n t tc e .L.
t nda ds
c y'i ha ontxt ds
u

1 De i r el fe nc Cl m s
. lbe at ndif re e ai
W hieprs ofi i l mus i a r s bl mea u est g r nt et s f t oft
l ion tc as
t s ke ea ona e
t
s r o ua a e he a e y he

i ts'Huds nv. l r 468U. 51 526- ( 98 ,ltot e en t t( ionlvi
nmae ,' o Pame ,
S. 7, 527 1 4) ç l he xt t ha prs i ng)
l
c tonsa er ti tvea eve ha s t y a epa toft pe lyt tc i i ofe r pa
ondii
r esrci nd n rh,he r r he nat ha rm nal f nde s y

f t i ofe esagans s it ' Rhodesv.Cha
or her fns
i t ocey.'
pmml452U. 337,3 ( 981.The eor
,
S.
47 1 ) r f e,
onl i xte de i tons' nstsyt ob e tveee ntofa Eiht Ame
y t rme prvai 'ca aif he j ci lme
e
n g h
ndme cai
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le ng ndii
nfne nt
on,
S. t
nm t a ntf
t how

t taprs n ofi i lsa toromison r uled i t de a ofS hem i m a ci lze mea ur of
ha
io fc a ' c
s i es t n he nil i
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lf sne s ii s' Rhod , 2 U . a 347. Spe ii al t t ione mus pr
ie' ce ste .
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cfc ly, he i s r t oduc e de e
pr
e vi nc

o asro so sg fc n p y ia o e to a ij r rs t fo tec aln e c n iin '
f ei u r iniia t h sc l r mo in l nu y eulng ' m h h le g d o dto s'
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3 62 66 4t r 995)
.

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i l s o e n u j ce o r e a d n u l ns n wihn h
m e ni oft Am e e .
a ng he
ndm nt

Stiklrv. aer,98 F. 1 1 ( h Ci.1 .
rc e W t s 9 2d 375, 381 4t r 993)

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e u j ci e o n n o o i ns f o fn me t li e u rs h wig ha
i
t prs ofi i ace wih dei r t i fe e et aco to t tpos d as t nta rs of
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a wo- r t nda d pples o am ha ion t a s g e n nm t s

ne f me c lcae.Esel v.
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te )
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t how t tt ofi re bie d lbe aei fe e e't t i t s
ha he tce xhi td : i r t ndif r nc ' o he nma e'
de

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( hCi. )(ntr quottonso te .l dve tn fiur t r c z ane df
4t r 2008 i enal ai mitd) na re t al e o e ognie e or
t e t e doe no pr en a co tt i na de i ton. Esele,
r a m nt s t es t nsiuto l prva i
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S. t 05- 06.
2. Excess ve Force C l m s
i
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l t ee c si ef rec ne tt ec u t s iq iewh te o fcas s be t l
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o j cieyh r u e u ht etb ihac n tt t n l ilto ' d o , 0 U. a 7 8
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o
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rlt n hpb t e t n e a dt ea u t ff reta wa us d ()t ee tn o teij r ,
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4) he hra e ona y rei d he es i e t al s d he a t
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S. t

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ve
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us ofphys c f c pr de t tt us off ce i no ofa s tte nantt t co ci nce
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ofma nd.' Huds 503U. a 9 0( ti cttons .TheEi hAme
nki ''
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ndmentdoesnot
pr bi a 1a i a i off ce t ti lctpa n a i tpr s r . Unie St t s v.Gor 59
ohi t 1 pplc tons or ha nfi i ga ns i one s
td a e .
e, 2

F. 489,494( hCi.201 .Prs a nitaor aee ildt br ddee e i
3d
4t r 0) ion dmi srt s r ntte o oa fr nce n
det r i ng w ha polci s a pr c i sa e ne s a y t pr e ve orr s or s urt a or r
e m ni
t i e nd a tce r ce s r o es r
e t e ec iy nd de .

St e v. irka,1 F. 629,634(t Ci.1 .
anlv Heii 34 3d
4h r 998)

I s o qt E o ej dca iq iy (s . .h n tr o tef r e s cfc ly wh t e i
n h r he t r u iil n ur il . te au e f h o c pe i al , eh r t
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9

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