Bandy v. Advance Auto Parts, Inc.

Filing 28

MEMORANDUM OPINION. Signed by Judge James C. Turk on 11/29/12. (med)

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R O G ER D EAN BA ND Y

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ERK
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C i lA ct on N o.7: C Vvi
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11- 00365

Pli s
ant
M EM O R AND U M O PI O N
NI

V.

AD VA N CE A UTO PA R TS,I C.
N ,

De ndant
fe
.

By:H on.
Jam esC .Tur
k
Seni U ni ed St es D i ri Judge
or
t
at
st ct

Pl ntf Roge De Bandy (t ai if'or: ndy' ,tld t sa ton algi t the
ai if
r an
û ntf
pl
t
Ba ' ie hi ci le ng ha
)
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emi td n olton he e srmi ton n
oyme
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)
S.

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s mpl r
nce ors
ny, nc portd, ubsdir
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o rs nc.sDefnda 'or t
Adva e'. nc iputs ha ndy' ge a d ny ol
i hi t r i ton,i t ad c e ng t tB a wast r i t d be us he vi a ed Adva s
n s e m na i ns e ont ndi ha ndy
e m na e ca e
ol t
nce'
w or a polc pr bii vi e e a t e t ofvi enc
kpl ce i y ohi tng ol nc nd hr a s
ol e.
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s a e s es nty o e he
t
f nda '
i or
r udgm e .
nt
ECF. o.21 The Pl i ifr ponded,
N
.
a ntf es
ECF N o.23,a t Def nda fl a r pl ECF N o.25.
nd he
e nt ied e y.
The Cour hea d o a a gum e on N o m be 1 201 a t m a t r i now rpe f
t r rl r
nt
ve r 5,
2, nd he
te s
i or
di pos to Fort f l i r s ns D e e nt sM o i f Sum m a y J
s ii n.
he olow ng ea o , f nda '
ton or
r udgm e ,ECF N o.
nt
21,
i G R AN TED .
s
1.Fact Background
ual

Ba w as e pl yed by A dva e f om M a 20, 1
ndy
m o
nc r
y
963 untlhi t nui ton on Oc obe
i s e na i
t r
14,2010.Durng hi t e, Bandy hel di f entposii A tt tm e of hi t m i i he
i
s enur
d f er
tons. he i
s er naton,
was sxt ni year ol and he w as w or ng i t Def s Secton of t Recl aton
i y- ne
s d
ki n he
ect
i
he
am i

De rme Cç fcs'.
pa t nt Dee t'
)

l hi Compli ,Ba
n s
ant ndy a lge s ve ali i nt of dic i i ton,i l ng a 1
le d e r ncde s
s rm na i ncudi
989
G m o i 'f om a m a ge i l poston t a s r i or pos ton'a 201 t a f r t Def t
t
de ton' r
na r a
ii o upe v s
ii ,
0 r ns e o
ec s
whi h Ba
c
ndy co i r d a de oton;a hi O c obe 201 t r i ton.Thi Cour g a e i
ns de e
m i
nd s t r 0 e m na i
s
t r nt d n
pa t D e e nt s M otons t Di m i s a t St i , l a ng onl Ba
r
f nda '
i
o
s s nd o r ke e vi
y
ndy' c a m f
s l i or
1
di c i i t y t r i t on i vi a i of t A DEA . See ECF N os. 1 1 M a c 6,201
s rm na or e m na i n ol ton
he
5, 6, r h
2

M em or ndum Opi on a Or r
a
ni nd de .

On Ocobe 1 201 Ba a a c wor r J m Ki (% i ',wee i ve i
t r 3, 0, ndy nd o- ke , ol ng & ng' r nvol d n
)
wha Ba des rbe i hi Co anta a i a e e ha r l edt a ne sor 'ECF No.
t ndy c i d n s mpli s s t d xc nge eat o
he
ws t y.
'

1 Co l a !2 .Ac o d n t Ad a c ,b t Ba d a Kig' c n u td rn t ei cd n
, mp . t 8 c r i g o v n e oh n y nd n s o d c u ig h n ie t
c tt e a vi ai ofAdvanc spolc pr bii vi e i t wor a e,a boh me
onsiut d ol ton
e' i y ohi tng olnce n he kpl c nd t n
we e t r na e asa r ul.Att tme ofhi tr i ton on Ocober 1 201 Ba y wa 69
r e mi t d
es t
he i
s e m nai
t
4, 0, nd
s
year ol Ki was56.
s d; ng

The i i n w a w ines e by a l a t t o o he e pl es bot of w hom pr de
nc de t s t s d
t e s w t r m oye , h
ovi d

wrte sae e s t Adva e. The frt wines , Cas a a Hal r td t i i nt
it n t tm nt o
nc
is t s
s ndr
l, epore he ncde
i di t y a tr r t he s r s , r r M ye s Hallt rr co t t ts wass a e
mme ael fe wa d o r upe vior Ba ba a
r . l a e e un ed ha he
c rd
a wha s ha w ine s t t s w as d r ups t' a t ts was s k l us'a wha ha
t t he d t s ed, ha he
l y e , nd ha he
ve
'
o t wo ' t t d
ne
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ppe
ha he s t aly s ki ' n he poke t M ye s ECF N o.22- Hal De a
s
o
r.
7, l p. t

1 23;ECF No.22- M y sDe a 1 1 ( s rbi Hala beng C sbl s n up'a
0,
5, er p. t 7- 8 de ci ng l s i l i y hake ' nd
vi
t r 't tBa a Ki S r goi t c t blws'.Myer as d Hal t tl t
t vous' ha ndy nd ng t e ng o ome o o '
ne
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s ke
l o ak o
W ila Gr g He ron (hema e oft Re lmai De rme a Myer'i
lim e ndes t
nag r he ca ton pa t nt nd
s mmedit
ae

1Alhough t Cour dim ise Bandy' cl m s s r
t
he
t s s d
s ai uroundi t aleged 1 and 2010 demotons t t
ng he l
989
i , ha
r i di notpr ude Bandy fom i r
ulng d
ecl
r
ntoduci e dence of t e event t expl n hi empl
ng vi
hes
s o
ai s
oyment
hit y ort dem onsr t Def
sor
o
ta e endantsaleged dicrmi or ani .SeeECF No.l M em .Op.a 8 n.
' l
s i nat y mus
5,
t 4

( iig Ze ze v.Kas r Pema e t M i Ata tc Stt s Re o s l . No. 1 1 c 95 , 20ll W L
ctn ie r n n e d- ln i ae ains nc,
:0-v- 9
32 45 a * ( D. . a 28 201 ).
09 , t 6 E. Va J n , 1)
2

s pevio) whih Haldi Hal e t ly wrt a dec i i oft e nt a He ro s
u r s r, c l d. l venual oe srpton he ve s t ndes n'
r ques .The undi put t tm ony i t tHende s di nott l H a lwhatt pu i t s a e e
e
t
s ed es i
s ha
r on d
el l
o t n he t t m nt

a t ts wa a one whie s wr t i.ECF No.22- Ha lDe a 20- )ECF No.2 4,
nd ha he s l
l he o e t
7, l p. t 21
2H e r on De a 8 8
nde s
p. t 6- 7.
I he w rte s a e e ,M s H a lnot d t tt r w a l om e t ofa g e ' be w e n
n r it n t t m nt . l e ha he e s t
s
ype
r um nt' t e
K i a Bandy,t t t i i nt m a he ç ee ve y ner ous a ups t' a t t s t d
ng nd
ha he nc de
de r t l r
f
v
nd
e , nd ha he ol
'
H e r o S o ge s e hi done a
nde s n '
t
t om t ng
bout t s ' ECF N o. 22- , D e Ex. 3, Oc . 1 201
hi .
'
1
p.
t 3, 0

Sae ntofCa snd aHal She de ci d Ba ast ppr ac i q( ngla ' s t ng
ttme
sa r l.
s rbe ndy û o hgng Ki bout' omehi
a
Ki s i a f t r de c i sa e nt ma b Ki t Ba
ng ad, nd urhe s rbed tt me s de y ng o ndy,butdi no de a li he
d t ti n r
wrte saeme a hi t t Ba
itn t t nt nyt ng ha ndy ha s i du i t a gum e .l he de ii s
d ad rng he r
nt n r poston, he
a tedt ts c d no he rt t t c
dmit ha he oul t a he o al onve s ton, ç w i w a a a gum e by t way
r ai but t
kne t s n r
nt he
t y we e ac i ' ECF N o.2 7,H a lD e at8.For e m pl ,s t s ii d t ts s Ba
he
r tng.
'
2l p.
xa e he e tfe ha he aw ndy

s ng hi fs a Ki . J a 9. She f t r t tte t ts he r s
haki
s it t ng . t 2
urhe esii d ha he a d ome of t wo ds a
he r nd
Z
s c fc ly he r Ba
pe ii a l a d ndy s y t t E ha had e
a ha ç
he d
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h
t
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t e
t t o oft m . l She a it d i herde ii t ts ne rhea d M r Ba t e t n M r
he w
he ' d.
'
dm te n
poston ha he ve
r
. ndy hr a e
.
Ki
ng.
A he r c vi t r po t f om M s Hal r ar ng wha ha ha ne H e r o
r e ei ng he e r r
. l eg di
t d ppe d, nde s n
c t c e Ke n G r y,who ha a s w ines e t i i en a ha i e v ne ECF N o.22on a t d vi a
d l o t s d he nc d t nd d nt r e d.
4,
H e r on D e a 88- 9. fe be ng r que t d t pr vi a sat m e ,G r y di s a t ugh he
nde s
p. t 8 A tr i e s e o o de t e nt a d o, lho
e a ned durng hi de ii t t he di no i ta l r por t i de t m a ge e
xpl i
i
s poston ha
d t nii ly e t he nci nt o na m nt

be us hed dn' want( ndya Ki t g tr d.'ECF No.22- Gr y De a 8- ,i a
ca e d t
di
Ba
nd ngj o etie '
6, a p. t 9. d. t

2He d ro alo n e i ame a ho e s rl a trHalrpo tdt icde t hi ( No. - ,
n e s n s otd n
mo ut r d ho t fe l e re he n i nt o m ECF 22 1
y
De Ex.2 t tHalwin s e Kig yelngt Ba dy a ou s tln a agu n ousd a d t a s e
p.
) ha l t e s d n li o n b t elig n r me t tie n h t h
s Bandy s ki hi fs atKi See ECF No.22- Hender on Dep.at87aw
ha ng s it
ng.
4,
s
88.

3

22- ( a tsiyi t the beive t c
25 Gry e tf ng ha
le d he onduc ofboh me consiutd a vi ai of
t
t n
tt e
olton
Adva e' wor a e vi e e polc and he be i ved t t bot m en w oul be i m e a e y
nc s
kpl c ol nc
iy
le
ha
h
d
m di t l

tnni td Sfma ge ntf
e nae d na me ound outa i') Gry' wrte sae nt pr de o Ocobe
i
bout t'. a s itn ttme , ovi d n t r
1 de c i d t i i ntasf l s
4, s rbe he nc de
olow :
Yes e da o 1 / 3/ 0, J
t r y, n 0 1 1 ohn K i & M a e Sc dde
ng
ggi hni r

gi)wee i a d e ds u so whl te we e wo kn J l
sc r n e p ic sin, ie h y r r ig. om
a ke Rodge giqBa a t st ton,a Ba rple
s d
r sc ndy bout he iuai nd ndy e id
a ry (il he di twa t tl a i,J rple wear
ngel sc,
dn' nt o ak bout t ohn e id,
e
ol f ks ol f ks a gue a 1t tm e. , e n G r y, ke wha i
d ol , d ol r
1 he i 1 K vi a as d, t s
goi on?
ng

J hn r pid i' a o tt st ai n i ( ie J h s i
o e le , ts b u he iu to n Chl) o n ad
t t he l ave hom e a
ha
e s
bout 5: pm f w or a t vi w i of
28
or
k, nd he e ng

( ljwass
Chie
howna t ttme.
tha i
J
ohn s i R odg r ha t tm e wr
ad
e d he i
ong,R odge r i d a e
r eple r
yo c lng m e a la ? J
u ali
i r ohn r ple l s w a t t tm e, Rodge
e i d, a t ha i
r

rpled,you wa tt do s t ng a i? 1, Ke nlqr ple
e i
n o omehi bout t (1 vi , e id,
J h j s wa ta fin l d b t .J l rpid Im n ttyig t
o n u t n re dy e ae om e le , ' o r n o
fghtyo Br ,but I w ilt ke a pi a bus your f c ng hea
i
u o.
l a
pe nd t
' ki
u
d
o n,ldon' gi a f c Ba r ple do i!J w a ke of .
pe
t ve u k. ndy e i d, t ohn l d f

ECF No.22- ,De Ex.31 Oc .1 201 St tm e ofKe n Gr y;ECF No.22- Gr y De
1 p.
, t 4, 0 ae nt
vi a
6, a
p.
7- A c r ng t M r G r y, seppe i be w e n Ki a H al t pr ve e c a i n a t d
9. co di o . a he t d n t e ng nd
l o e nt s al to nd ol

t t m e t y ne d t ge ba k t wor s no one go tr d.Se ECF No.22- Gr De
he wo n he ede o t c o k o
t ie
e
6, ay p.

89;seas ECFNo.22- ,De Ex.31 Sttme ofKe nGry(tKe ngoti t mi eof
- e lo
1 p.
, ae nt
vi a û vi
1
n he ddl
t agume ands i pl s ,don' y'l tg .W eha t g tt swor do ,la i ao '.
he r nt
ad ea e
t ali ht
ve o e hi k ne e ve t 1ne!'
)
Gr a s t sii d i hi de ii t the bei d Ba ha sa t t a gum e t a ha
ay lo e tfe n s poston ha
leve
ndy d t red he r
n , nd d
s e d t r Ki a us d a a y t ne a t tBa ç asr dy t fghtKi ' See ECF
t ppe owa d ng nd e n ngr o nd ha ndy i
w ea o i
ng.
'
N o.22- G r y De at 1 21 Li H a l Gr y de e t ta
6, a
p. 9- . ke l, a ni d ha nyone t d hi w ha t wr t i hi
ol m
t o ie n s
sat m e t r t r he w r e do n e c l w ha he s w .I a 21 I w r ten s a e e s da e
t e n ; a he ,
ot w xa ty
t
a d. t . n it t t m nt t d
Oc o r 1 201 bot K i a Ba
t be 4,
0, h ng nd ndy de e a vi e e, a e c de e t t he ha
ni d ny ol nc nd a h ni d ha
d
t
hreat
ened t ot See ECF N o.22-1,Dep.Exs.5 & 6,Oct 14,2010 St em ent ofJohn Ki
he her.
.
at
s
ng

a Roge Ba
nd
r ndy.Ki s sa e e a ted a a gu e wih Bandy,butdenid t teihe
ng' tt m nt dmit n r m nt t
e ha t r
m a t eae
n hr tned vi e e,de e t t et r m als ese fg i a de e t t a
olnc
nid ha ihe
t ugg t d i htng, nd nid ha nyone
se
t pped be w e n hi a Ba
t e m nd ndy.ECF N o.22- ,D e Ex.5.Ba
1 p.
ndy' s a e e a knowl dge
s t t m nt c
e d

t the a Ki ha ave ba di a r e nt butde e ma ng a t e t o s gesi t tt
ha
nd ng d
r l s g e me ,
ni d ki ny hr a s r ug tng ha he
m e fg .I t a Ba
n i ht ns e d, ndy e a ne t tK i us d f l ng
xpl i d ha ng e oul a uage a t Ki s
nd hat ng ugge t d t y
s e he
ûgo be nd t gr e door'or t t c door'a t tano he em pl
s
hi he e n
'
he s k
ba
' nd ha
t r
oyee çc d l outf
ç oul ook
or

t 'Lae , nga ogi da t s
hem. tr Ki pol ze nd hey hookha .#za De Ex.6.
'
nds J .t p.
The f wrte sae nt (r Hal Gry,Ba
our itn ttme s fom l, a
ndy,a Ki we e pr de by
nd ng) r ovi d
He r o t M iha lRus e l who wa t DiecorofHuma Res ce ,Suppl Chan.ECF
nde s n o c e
s l,
s he r t
n
our s
y
i
N o.22- Rus e lA f i vi.Rus e lt s ii d t t he a one m a t t r i ton de s on,t t
2, s l fda t
s l e tf e ha
l
de he e m na i
ci i ha
ne t rBa
ihe ndy' norK i s a pl yed a r e i hi de s on t t r i t t m ,a t the di
s
ng' ge a
ny ol n s cii o e m na e he nd ha
d

notknow t i r pe i age att ttme.He ex aned t the c edie t saeme sofHa l
her es ctve s ha i
pli ha
r t d he t t nt
l
a Gr y and di no a ti e as m uc w e g t Ba
nd a
d t trbut
h i ht o ndy a K i s s a e e s Ba e on t
nd ng' t t m nt . s d
he
w ines s a e e s Rus e lbe i ve t tbot Ba y a d Ki we e i vi a i n of A dva e'
t s t t m nt , s l le d ha
h nd n
ng r n ol t o
nc s

polc pr hi tngvi e eort easofvi enc i t wor ac (çhePolc '.d.
iy o bii olnc hr t
ol e n he kpl e t
t
iy' I
)
l pe tne pa t t Polc pr vi s
n ri nt r,he i y o de .
l or rt pr ec ourTe m M e be s Adva e Aut Pa t hasa
n de o ot t
a
m r,
nc
o rs
z r t ea
e o ol r nce polc w ih r s c s t t e t o i de s of
i y t e pe t o hr a s r nci nt
vi e e ori i i ton i t wor a .Any t r a s i i nt of
ol nc
ntm da i n he
kpl ce
h e t , nc de s

vi e e, o i i dain o a y naur whas ve (ncl ng
olnc r ntmi to f n t e
toe r i udi
i r tt e t oracs o i i dai die td a i ta Tea
ndiec hras
t f ntmi ton) rce gans
m
M em ber .. .by anot Team M em ber w il r t i i m edi e
her
l esul n m
at
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e m na i

ECF No.22- Dep.Ex.23;s eas jsDe Ex.21( ndy' a
1
e lo . p.
d
.
Ba s cknowldgeme ofrceptoft
e
nt e i
he
ha
ndbook) Purua t t Polc Rus elmadet decsont tr nat bohme
. s nt o he iy, s l
he ii o emi e t n.

5

I i undiput t t pror t Ocobe 201
ts
s ed ha , i o t r 0,Ba
ndy was a good wo ke who r c ve
r r
e ei d
exc le pe f r a
e l nt r o m nce e l tons See ECF N o.2 Def' M e .Supp.5'ECF N o.23,P1'
va ua i .
2, .s m
,
.s
Res 6- Ba
p. 7. ndy a l ges A d nc i m e el usng t i i e wih K i a a e us t
le
va e s r y i he nc d nt t
ng s n xc e o

t r na ehi be a e ofhi a ECF No. Pl' Res a 3.He a s c e t thi c
e mi t m c us
s ge.
23, .s p. t
lo ont nds ha s onduc
t
durng t i i ntdi notc tt ea v olton oft Polc
i he ncde d
onsiut i a i
he iy.
Adva a s rs t ti t r nae Ba f vi a i t Polcy.ECF No.22,De s
nce s e t ha t e mi t d ndy or oltng he i
f'

M e a 1 l ag e t ti i e tte t s mmayj d me tb c u en ra o a l fc- n e
m. t 2.t r u s ha t s n ild o u r u g n e a s o e s n b e a tt d r
i
c d concude t t Ba y' a wa t r a r as f r hi t r nato I e
oul
l
ha nd s ge s he e l e on o s e mi i n. t mpha ies a
sz nd

f us on svealfcst s
oc es e r a t o uppor isagume ,i l ng:()t tRuselt s epe s who
tt r nt ncudi 1 ha s l, he ol ron
m a t t r i ton de s onsa r he di notknow Ba
de he e m na i
ci i
ve s
d
ndy or K i a di no know e t
ng nd d t
iher

ma sa a ( t tAdva eha c itnl a id t Polc a tr nae e o e
n' ge; nd 2) ha
nc s onsse ty pple he iy nd emi td mplye s
who e ge i a t o t ea s ofvi e e r ga dl sofa
nga n c s r hr t
ol nc , e r es
ge.
l A nal s
1.
ysi
A. Sum m ary Judgm entSf
andard

S mma yj d me ti p o e wheeth r i n g n ieis ea t a ymaeil a t n
u r u g n s r p r r û ee s o e un su s o n tra f c a d
t
t emo n i e tte t j d me ta amatro lw. F d R.Ci . 5 a. g n i eis eof
h va t s n i d o u g n s te f a ' e .
l
'
v P. 6() A e u n su
m a e i l f t e s s w hen a r tona t i r of f t c i rng t e de
t r a ac xit
a i l re
ac , ons de i he vi nce i t r c d as a
n he e or
w hol coul fnd i f vor of t non- o ng pa t Ri c v.D e ef no, 55 U . 55 58
e,
d i n a
he
m vi
r y. c i
st a
7 S. 7, 6

( 0 9 .t u r j g n i p r p it o y i tkn t e e ie e a d alr ao a e
2 0 ) s mmay ud me t sa p o rae nl f a ig h vd nc n l e s n bl
s
i er e dr wn t r r i t lg m os f vor bl t t no ovi pa t ç m a e i lf c s
nf enc s a he ef om n he i ht
t a a e o he nm ng r y, no t ra a t

aeds tda dtemo n p ry i e tt dt j d me ta amatro 1w.' n yv. u zl,
r ipue n h vig a t s nil o u g n s te f a ' He r P n el
e
'
652 F.d 524,531 ( h Ci.2011 (n ba )( i Aus r v.Ba ofAm.Cor s352
3
4t r
) e nc quotng heman
nk
p.

F. 8 8 ( hCi.2003).Putdifr ty, umma yj me s dbee ee i t Cour
3d 96, 99 4t r
)
feenl s
r udg nt houl
ntrd f he
t

6

fn s a trarv e o t erc r a awhoe t tnor ao a ej r c ud rtr av ritf r
id , fe e iw f h e o d s
l,ha e s n bl u y o l eu n e dc o
t non- ng pa t Se Eva v.Te hs Ap i tons& Se v.Co.80 F. 954,95859 (t
he
movi ry. e ns
c . plcai
r
,
3d
- 4h
Ci.1 .
r 996)
M orove ,apa t opposngs
e r
ry
i ummayj
r udgme lma notr s u t meealeg tons
nt t y
et pon he r l ai
orde a sofhi pl a ng,but...mus s tf rh s cii f t s wi t tt r i a ge ne
nil
s e di
t e o t pe fc ac s ho ng ha he e s
nui

is f til' Ande s v.Li rv Lobbv.I ,477U. 242,248 ( 986)(iai omit )
sue or ra.
'
ron
be t
nc.
S.
1
cttons ted .
çfhe m e e e s e e of s e ale
t'
r xi t nc
om
l ged f c ua diput be wee t pa te w il not de e t a
a t l s e t n he ri s l
fa n

oh r s p o e l s p o td mo in f rs
t ewie r p ry u p re to o ummayj d me t'An e s n 4 7 U. a 2 7 4 .
r u g n . d ro , 7 S. t 4 - 8
'
l t d,t non- ovi pa t m us pr
ns ea he
m ng ry
t oduc ' i fca ty pr tve e de e 'f om whi h a
e t gnii n l oba i vi nc ' r
s
c

r ao a ej r c ud rt r avedc i h sfv r Ab o Cop. AM ltl I c,91 F.d9 4
e s n bl u y o l eu n r it n i a o . c r r v.
n '. n . 6 3 2
(t Ci.1 9 ) Th s Gth sl yj d me tiq iy ...snziie t ep an ifsc s t
4h r 9 0 . u , ç l e l
g
mmm' u g n n ur
c tnz s h litf a e o
de e mi whe he t pl ntf ha pr f r s fc e pr , i t f m o ad isbl
t r ne
t r he ai if s ofe ed ufi i nt oof n he or f m s i e
e de e, ha c d c r y t bur n ofpr ofhi c ai a ti l' M iche lv.Da a G e Cor ,
vi nc t t oul a r he de
oof
s l m t ra . t l
'
t n. p.

1 F. 1 0,1 6 ( h Ci.1 ) û hie c rsmus tkes ilcae whe c i rng a
2 3d 31 31 4t r 993 . i l ou t t a peca r
W
n onsdei

mo inf rs mma yj d me ti ads rmiain c s b c u emoiei o tnt ciia is e
to o u r u g n n ici n to a e e a s tv s fe he rt l su ,
c
s mmayj d me td s o iin rman a p o raei teplitf c nn tp e ala amatro
u r u g n ip sto e is p r p it f h an if a o rv i s
te f
l m ' Eva ,80 F. a 958a ' ns
3d t
59.
B. A ge D i m i i Cl m s under t AD EA
seri naton ai
he

The ADEA i vi aed i a e oye û sha g s a i vi l...be us ofs h
s olt f n mpl r d c r egl ny ndi dua
di
ca e uc
i vi lsag '29U. C.j6 a)1 ( ) Toetbls anADEA cli da)pl ntf mus
ndi dua ' e.'
S.
23( () 2008 . sa ih
am,t ai if t
g
pr byaprponde a eoft e de e( c ma bediec orcr msa i ) t ta was
ove
e
r nc
he vi nc whih y
r t icu tntal,ha ge
t S - or c us of t c l ng e pl r de i i ' Gr s v.FBL Fi Se vs. l ,557
he butf ' a e
he hale ed m oye c s on. os
'
n. r . nc.

U. 1 ,1 78( ) s eas EEOC v.ClvPrntncCo.955F. 936,9 ( h Ci.1
S. 67 77- 2009 ; e lo
a ii
,
2d
40 4t r 992)

7

($n o de t etbls aca e ofa to t ert ADEA,apli ifmus de
( r r o sa ih us
I
cin md he
antf
t monsrt t tb
tae ha ut
f r t em pl r s m otve t di c i i t ag ns t pl i if on t ba i of ag t pl i i f
o he
oye '
i o s r m na e ai t he a ntf
he s s
e, he a ntf

wo l no ha eb e (d es l afce j' (mp a i a d d .
u d t v e n a v rey fe td .) e h ss d e )
'
l t s c e,t Cour conc udes i i a o i t t a y t f am e or s t f rh i
n hi as he
t
l
t s ppr pr a e o ppl he r w k e o t n
M cD onnel D ougl Cor . v.Gr e 41 U. 792,807 ( 973)t Ba ' cam . U nder t s
l
as
p
hi
e n, 1 S.
1
o ndy s 1 i 3

bu d n- hi tng f a e or a A D EA pl i tf has t i ta bt de t esa i h a pr m a f ci
r e s f i r m w k, n
a n if
he nii l l n o t bls
r
i a e

c s ,whih r r hi t s t t( )he i a me rof a pr e td cl s ( he wa
a e c equies m o how ha 1
s
mbe
otce as; 2)
s

q l idf rt ej b a d me hse o e ' lgt t e p cain ;()h wa tr nae a d
uai e o h o n t i mply rs e imae x e tto s 3 e s emi td; n
f
i
( hewasrplce byas t i l younge i i dua.W ac v.Ohi Ca .I .Co.435F.
4)
e a d
ubsantaly
r ndvi l rh
o s ns ,
3d
51 51 ( h Ci.2006 .l apl ntf etbls hi prma fce c e,t btr n s fst t
0, 3 4t r
) f ai if sa ihes s i a i as he lde hit o he
e pl rt a tc a e a ç eg tm a e, ndi c i i t y r a o f rt t r i ton.' d.a 51 - 4.
m oye o ri ul t t ii t no s rm na or e s n o he e m na i ' l t 3 1
l
tl t e pl r does s t pl i if m us t n s
sf he m oye
o, he a ntf
t he how t tt e pl r s s at d r as w e e
ha he m oye ' t e e ons r
notis t e r s ,but wer a pr t xt f di c i i ton. Bonds v.Le vit 629 F. d 369,38
t nl ea ons
e
e e or s rm na i '
'
a t,
3
6

( h Ci.2011 (ntr lquot i maksomitd (uotng Hilv.Loc e M atn Logitcs
4t r
) i ena
aton r
te ) q i l
khe d ri
si
M cmtsl ,354F. 277,285( hCi.
. nc.
3d
4t r 2004)(nba l.
e nc)
3 The Supr
eme Cour has squar y hel t t t mi m otve bur s fi sc
t
el d ha he xed- i
den-hitng heme esablshed f
t i
or

Til V1 c s si Prc W aehou e v.Hop ns 49 U. 22 ( 98 ,i ia lc bl i ADEA c s s
te I a e n ie tr s
ki , 0 S. 8 1 9) s n ppia e n
ae .
Gr s , 7U. a 1 - 7. si s b c u eçul ieTil Vl,teADEA' t s d sn tp o d ta a
o s 55 S. t 75 7 Thi s o e a s ç nlk te I h
g
S e t oe o r vie h t
pl ntf m a esabls dicrm i i by s i t tage was si y a motvatng f or.'l at l74.
ai if y t ih s i naton
how ng ha
mpl
i i act ' d.
The Gr s Cour, howe , explcil di not addr s whet t ot bur s fi s
os
t
ver
i ty d
es
her he her den-hitng cheme i
n
empl ent dicrm i i cas - t M cDonnel Dougl famewor was appr it i ADEA
oym
s i naton
es he
l
as r
k
oprae n

c s s l a l n. s e as Re v s v Sa des Pl ng P od . 53 U. 1 3, 1 14 ( 00
a e . d. t 75 2; e lo e e . n ron umbi r s, 0 S. 3 4 - 2 20 )
(s u n ,wiho td cdi t tte M c nelDou a fa wo k a ist ADEA camst ta e
a s mig t u e i ng, ha h
Don l gls r me r pple o
li ha r
b s d p icpal o cr u tn ile de e .Sub e u ntt -r s t e Fou t Cic i h spemitd a
a e rn i l n ic msa ta vi nc ) s q e o G os, h
y
rh r ut a r te
pl ntf t pr an ADEA dicrmi or dichar cl m by diec orcicums a i evi
ai if o ove
s i nat y s ge ai
r t
r
t ntal dence,and ha
s
per ted t applca i of t M cDonnel Dougl famewor t A DEA cl ms.Seeue. ,Dufx v.
mit he
i ton
he
l
as r
k o
ai
g.
f
Bel l c,47 F.Ap x 91 9 ( t Ci.201 )( p ih d o ni .Mor o r te pa t sa pe rt
ks n . 7
p' , 3 4 h r 2 un ubls e pi on)
e ve , h ri p a o
e
--

a reta Mc n el u lsp o ie tea po raefa woki ti c s .na y e e tteCo r
ge h t Do n lDo aa rvd s h p rpit rme r n hs ae l n v n,h u t
need not ge m ied down i t pr
t r
n he oper fam e k t be a idaf t uli e l r unde an
r wor o
pple or he tmat nquiy
r y
f a ewor f an age dicri i i i t m i i cas r ns t s
rm
k or
s m naton n er naton e emai he ame:whet t pl ntf was
her he ai if

tr nae b c u eo hi a .Se M e rt v. dDo ninFri tLie l c,6 F. 28 29 - ( h
e mi t d e a s f s ge e rit Ol mi o egh n e n . 01 3d 9, 4 95 4t
Ci.2 0)Cd t t t n ng t itia e o poofs h me n t utmae qu si t b r s l d i
r 0l Nowihsa di he nrc cis f r c e s' he li t e ton o e e ove s
'
û s rmiain v lno ' ( ttonsomitd)
ç ci n to e n.j ciai
di
'
te .
8

Noa l ,ûatt i ls se t b r e t d mo taep ee tmeg swih teutmae
tb y ç l hs a t tp,he u d n o e nsrt rtx r e t h li t
g
bur n of pes di t co t t t ghe pli if ha be n t vitm of i e ina
de
rua ng he ur ha t
antfj s e he ci
ntnto l
dici nain. Leter v.Equa l ,478 F. 640,6 47 ( h Ci.2007)( ttons a
s rmi to ' ti i
'
nt nc.
3d
46- 4t r
ciai nd
i ena quottonmakso te .
ntr l ai
r mitd)
C. Bandy' A ge D i c i i i Cl m
s
s r m naton ai
A p yi t f e ng pr nc pl s he e,t Cour w ila s e ar ndo t t Band c n
pl ng he or goi
i i e r he
t l s um
gue
ha
y a
e t bls a prm a f c e ca e The Cou tf t r co ude t t Def nda has m e is bur n of
sa ih
i ai s.
r urhe ncl s ha
e nt
tt
de
pr uc i by pr di a non- s rm i t r r s f Ba
od ton
ovi ng
di c i na o y ea on or ndy' t nni ton. Se Ree s v.
s e na i
e
ve

Sa ron Pl ng Pr . 53 U. 1 1 (000)(d- sb de i one ofpr uci not
nde s umbi ods, 0 S. 33, 42 2
<l ur n s
-hi
od ton,
pes i ,i Ca i ve no ce biiy a s s t'' (uoi St M ar s 509 U. a 509 .
ruason' t c n nvol
rdi lt sesmen.' q tng . y',
)
S. t )
Spe fc l Adva
ciialy,
nce ha a tc ae a fegtm ae nondic i naor r a on' f Ba s
s riul td
d ii t ,
l
s rmi t y e s ' or ndy'
vi ai Rus el, who made t t r nai decson, bei ve t t Ba
olton:
s l
he e mi ton
ii
le d ha
ndy ha vi ae
d ol td
A dva e' sr c polc f bi ng w or pl ce vi e e or t e t of vi e . A s no e t t
nc s ti t i y or ddi
k a
ol nc
hr a s
ol nce
t d, ha

Polc pr dest tt ny t e t ,i de sofvi e e ori i i ton ofa na ur whas ve
iy ovi ha t hr a s nci nt
a
ol nc , ntm da i
ny t e
toe r

(ncudi i rctt e t ora t ofi i dai ...wilr ul i i dit tr nain. Se
i l ng ndie hras cs ntmi ton)
l es t n mme ae emi to ' e
'
ECF No.22- De Ex.23.Rus elba e hi de ii on t sa e e soft wine s ,Ha l
1, p.
s l s d s c son
he tt m nt
wo t s es l
a Gr y,whos satm e ss ppor ade e mi ton t tBandy vi atd t Polcy.
nd a
e t e nt u
t t r na i ha
ol e he i
Ha ng f
vi ound t tAdva e hasme isbur n ofpr ton a a tc ae a lgii t
ha
nc
tt
de
oduc i nd riul td e tma e
nondi c i i t y r as f a a r e e pl ym e a ton, ç he M c or el D oug a f a e
s rm na or e on or n dve s m o nt c i t
t
D m l
ls rm -

wo k wi is p eu to a d bzd ns-ds p e rs,a d t e s l rmanng is e (s
r - t t r s mpins n t e -- ia p a g) n h oe e ii su i)
h
r
dici nain ve non. Re ves 530 U. a 1 (nena q tton maks a cttons
s rmi to 1
' e ,
'
S. t 42 itr l uoai
r nd iai
o te .ifhe uli t bur n ofpes ng t tiroffc t tt dee ntitntonal
mitd) s
tmae de
ruadi he re
a t ha he fnda ne i ly
di c i i t d a i t t pl i tf r m ai a a 1tm es w ih t pl i if' Tx.D e t of Cm t
s rm na e ga ns he a n if e ns t 1 i
t he a ntf .
'
p'
v.

9

Afar v.Bur ne,45 U. 248,253( 981.Onc t dee n p od esano s i naor
fis
di
0 S.
1 ) e he fnda t r uc
ndicrmi t y
e a ton,t pl i if i a f de t opporuniy t pr ve by a pr ponde anc oft e de e
xpl na i he a ntf s f or d he
t t o o
e
r e he vi nc
t t de e nt s e ana i i m e e y a pr t xt f r di c i i ton tby s i t t t
ha f nda ' xpl ton s r l
e e o s rm na i t how ng ha he

e oye ' pr fr e a to i unwo t ofc e nc ' Re s 53 U. a 1 ( tng
mpl rs ofeed xplnain s
rhy r de e. eve , 0 S. t 43 quoi
'

Bur ne,450 U. a 256) tl uli t q si i wheher t e oye i e tonal
di
S. t
. t- tmae ueton s t he mpl r ntni ly
-he
dic i i t d,a pr t tThee oye ' pr f r d r s i unpe s i ,ore n obvi l
s rm na e nd oof ha t mpl rs ofe e ea on s
r uasve
ve
ousy
co rve doe not ne es a iy esa i h t t t pl i if s pr f r r on .. . i co r c .'
nt i d, s
c s r l t bls ha he a ntf' of e ed eas
s r e t ''

Ree s 53 U. a 1 47 ( tng St M av',509 U. a 5 .tl i note ug ...t
ve , 0 S. t 46- quoi
. rs
S. t 24) tt s
no h
o
dibei ve t empl r t f c fnde mus beive t pli ifs e a ton of i t nto l
s le he
oye ; he a ti r
t le he antf xplna i
n e i na
di c i i ton.'St M a v' ,509 U . a 519.
s rm na i ' . r s
S. t
Ba
ndy a g s t t hi t r i ton u r t Polc w as m e e y a pr t xt f ag
r ue ha s e m na i
nde he
iy
rl
e e or e
di c i i to To s ppo tt s a gum e ,Pl i ifof e s r to l s t t c n be c t gorz i t
s rm na i n.
u r hi r
nt a ntf f r a i na e ha a
a e i ed n o

f ba i a pl e s whih t Cour wila es i t m be o . r t he c e t tt f cs
our sc r m nt, c he
t l ddr s n ul l w Fis , ontnds ha he a t
s r undi t i i nt a t uli a e co l i n t t he vi a e t Polc - a e i
ur o ng he nc de - nd he tm t nc us o ha
ol t d he
iy r n

diput Pli ifalo a gue t tt i i n s f r whi h ot rAdva e e pl es ha be
s e. antf s r s ha he ncde t o
c he
nc m oye
ve en
tnui t d a e ( i nii a l m or e e oust n t i i nta quesi ' n t sc e.
e na e r ç c fc nty
s
e gr gi ha he ncde t
ton'i hi as ECF No.

23,PlsRep.a 1 (mpha i i orgi l.Thid, antf post t tt r i adiput offc a
' s t7e
ss n i na) r Pli if is ha hee s s e a t s
t He r on' l ve of i ve e i t t r i ton d i i He c e
o nde s s e l nvol m nt n he e m na i ec s on.
ont nds t t H e r o
ha
nde s n

ha prviusy saed (n c me ton wih t tr nain ofa here oye mo hseale)
d e o l tt i ol ci t he emi to
not mpl e nt rir
t tAdva e ha a polc t t r nae ol rwor r a c am st tHe r on' i ve nt
ha
nc d
iy o e mi t de
ke s nd l i ha nde s s nvol me
he e s ppo t a i e e e t t t t r i ton de i i was ba ed on a Fourh a fnaly,
r u r s n nf r nc ha he e m na i
c son
s
ge.
t nd i l
Pl ntf advances a t y t tA dvance us t D ef s Secton as a 'dum pi gr
ai i f
heor ha
es he ect
i
l
ng ound ...f
or

ol e pl es w ho ha bee s e t d f t r i to ' ECF N o.23, P1' Re p.a 11 H e
der m oye
d
n el c e or e m na i n.
'
.s s t .

be i ve t t Adva e s nt hi and ot r ol r e pl e t r wih t ho t t t w oul
le s ha
nc e
m
he de m oye s he e t he pe ha hey
d

f i t a qua ey pe f m t mor sr n
a l o de t l ror he e te uouswor s t y c dt n bet r i t d.
k, o he oul he
e m na e
The Co t w il e m i tr t t c pe lng e de
ur l xa ne i s he om li
vi nce i t r c d s w i t t
n he e or ho ng ha
A d nc s pr f r r s w a is t u r as f Ba
va e' of e ed ea on s t r e e on or ndy' t r i ton a not m e e pr t xt
s e m na i nd
r ee .
The i wil a e s e h of t f ar um e s of e e by Ba
n, t l ddr s ac
he our g nt f r d
ndy a s
nd how why none of

Plitf ste re o p o fr de i e c aes fi in t d fa s mmayj d me t I s o t a
an if h ois r r fee v d n e r u tce t o ee t u r u g n . n h r, s
dic s d he en,no r s bl f tfnde c d l k a t e de e bef e t Cour a
s us e
ri
ea ona e ac-i r oul oo t he vi nc
or he
t nd
c l t tPl i i f sage w a t butf c e ofhi t r i ton.
onc ude ha a ntf '
s he -or aus
s e m na i
1. A dvance' Prof ered Reas l Support By Am pl Adm i bl Evi
s
f
on s
ed
e
ssi e dence

Tw o poi s a e pa tc a l s i nt i e l tng whe he A dva s pr f r d r a o i
nt r ri ul r y ale n va ua i
t r
nce' of e e e s n s
m e e pr t xt f di c i i ton. Fi s , t un s ed e de e s
r
e e or s rm na i
r t he di put
vi nc hows t t A d nc has
ha
va e
c i t n l a pled is Polc and ha t r i t d ot re pl es a is D i ti i Ce e who
ons s e ty p i t
iy
s e m na e he m oye t t srbuton nt r
vi a e t Polc r r es of a The r cor r fec s t t s nc 2008, t f l ng
ol t d he
i y, ega dl s
ge.
e d e l t ha , i e
he olowi

i vi sweealtr nae afe vi ai t Polc ( )Fer W a ag 20a t tmeof
ndi dual r l emi td tr oltng he iy: 1 ron de, e t he i

tr nai f t owi a mealhoo a a c woke ;( J Ki a 56 a t tme of
emi ton, or hr ng
t
k t o- r r 2) ohn ng, ge
t he i
tr nain,f hi r ei t i i ntwih Mr Ba ( Aln Ra and,age50a t tmeof
emi to or s ol n he ncde t . ndy; 3) a gl
t he i
t r i ton, f r s a i C
e m na i
o t tng t guys wilbe l ky i I do t go hom e and ge a gu a kil
you
l
uc f
n'
t
n nd l

s one'whieon c
ome ' l
ompa pr ry;( Riky W e ks a 30 a t tme oftnni to f
ny opet 4) c
e , ge t he i
e nain, or
pus ng and t e tni a c r ;a ( Rod y He i tl, a 27 a t tme of
hi
hrae ng owoker nd 5) ne
ptnsal ge
t he i
tr i ton,f t e t ni t punc ac
e m na i or hr a e ng o
h owor r Se ECF No.22- De Exs 24- ECF No.
ke . e
1, p. . 28;

22- 0,Def' Res t l er ! 1 Notbl morove,Ba ha bee una et pon t a
1
.s p. o ntrog. 5. a y, e r ndy s n bl o it o
sngl em pl
i e
oyee w ho vi at t Polcy and was nott m i ed.4
ol ed he i
er nat
4 Bandy aleged i hi Com pl ntt ot r who had vi at t polc had notbe t m i ed. The
l
n s
ai hat he s
ol ed he iy
en er nat
r d dicl es t t one of t i vi s r f enc by Bandy was i f t nat The ot
ecor s os ha
he ndi dual e er ed
n act enni ed.
her

The Co ta s fnds i pr tve t tRus el ma t de ii t t r nae Ba s
ur lo i
t oba i ha
s l de he cson o e mi t ndy'

e o nt ECF No.22- Rusel Af.a ! 2,a t ti i notc e td t tRusel ha no
mplyme ,
2, s l f t
nd ha t s
ontse ha s l d
kno l dge oft age ofeihe Bandy o Ki 5se i s Thi f ti s gni i ant ofc s ,be us
w e
he
t r
r ng. e g
s ac s i fc , our e ca e
.

a ca not ha be n t but f c us o Ba
ge n
ve e he - or a e f ndy' t m i ton i Rus e ldi no know Ba y
s er na i f s l d t
nd

a di no know hi a .61 t d,Rus el t tfe t a he ba e hi dec so on t sa e nt
nd d t
s ge ns ea
s l esii d h t
s d s ii n
he tt me s

oft winese ,M s Hal a M r Gry,a t thedi notc ns twih Hendes n.Se j.a
he t s s . l nd . a nd ha
d
o ul t
ro e .a t
l

!!3,6. orove,a e n Ba ac wl di hi de ii i wa eniel r s bl f
M e r s ve ndy kno edge n s poston,t s tr y eaona e or
Rus e lt r l on t ve s ons ofa i i nts tf t by dii e es e wines e ,i t a of t
s l o ey
he r i
n nc de e orh
s nt r t d t s s ns e d
he
ve s o a nce by t e i ve i t i i nt See ECF N o. 3,Bandy D e a 11 1
r i ns dva d
hos nvol d n he nc de .
22p. t 3- 5.
2. Bandy' Pr f e Evi
s of er d
denc of ipre e ' and C i um s antal Evi ne of
e
é t xt'
rc t i
de e
Di m i i Is Insuf i entt D ef Sum m ar Judgm ent
scri nat on
f ci o eat
y
The Cour t ns next t Ba
t ur
o ndy' f a gum e s a r l t d e denc t t he a gue
s our r
nt nd e a e vi e ha
r s

rn e s mmayj dg n i r p r Asn td, i frta g me ti t t h r a ed s ue o fc
e d r u r u me t mp o e . oe h s is r u n s ha t ee r ip ts f a t
s r ndi w ha a t ly ha ne durng t i i nt a a t whe he hi c
ur ou ng
t c ua l ppe d i he nc de nd s o
t r s onduc a t ly
t c ua l
vi a e t Polc But w hie t e f c s m a be i di pu e,t y a e no l a e i l' t t
ol t d he
i y.
l hos a t
y
n s t he r t t t ra ' o he
m

outomeofhi cam.SeeM aa c v.Spe r,675F. 281 29192 (t Ci.201 (a t ae
c
s li
rcih
as
3d , - 4h r 2) fcs r

i de r er
nci nt ef enced i t Com pl nt i ved t empl
n he
ai nvol
wo
oyees,one of whom appar nty t d t ot
e l ol he her
t cet Es yourdamn m out 'durng wor AsBa conceded athi deposton,t e wasno t ea
wi o thut
h' i
k.
ndy
s
ii her
hr t
ofvi e durng t s l t i dent ECF No.22- Bandy Dep.at53- M or
olnce i hi ater nci .
3,
55. eover Gr was alo a
, ay
s
winesst t s and sat t beca e no t ea swe e made durng t ti dent hebeleved i wasnota
t
o hi ,
t ed hat
us
hr t r
i ha nci ,
i
t
vi a i oft Polc ECF N o.22- Gr y Dep.at l 24.By contas ,Gr y t
olton he iy.
6, a
5,
r t a houghtbot Bandy and
h
Ki vi at t Polc Addii l i does not appea t t i dent wher one empl
ng ol ed he iy.
tonaly, t
r hat he nci
e
oyee t d
ol
a hert k hutyourda n m out 'wasr t t mana m ent
not o ç
s
m
h'
epored o
ge
.
5C onssent w ih t ot evi
it
t he her dence i t r or , Rus el alo t tfe t he has t m i ed ot
n he ec d
s l s esiid hat
er nat
her
e pl
m oyeesf vi a i t Polcy a t the di notEknow wha t agesoft e t m i ed peopl ar
or oltng he i nd ha
d
ç
t he
hes er nat
e e

b c u eap s sa edo sno ma trt mei s hcr u tn e . ECF No 22 2 Ruse l f a !5.
e a s eron' g e t te o n uc ic msa c s'
'
. - , s l Af. t
6A s expl ned by Rus el, hi ofi i noti t diti i cent wher t t m e wor a he
ai
s l s tce s
n he srbuton
er
e he wo n
ked nd

di n tk ow ei rBa dyorKi ECF No.2 2,Ru s lAf.a !2.Lie s ,Ba y tsiidt a he
d o n
t
he n
ng.
2- s el f t
k wie nd e tfe h t
di notknow Rus la had no r on t t nk t tRuss lhad any bi agai thi becaus ofhi a
d
sel nd
eas o hi ha
el
as ns m
e
s ge.
ECF N o. 3,Bandy Dep.at14-1
226.

12

C tra' frs mmayj d me tp po e wh n çh y mih afc teo to o t c s ' .
i eil o u r u g n u s s e t e g t fe t h u c me f he a e'
ma '
t
)
H e e, he he ornotBa y a t ly vi a e t Polc i i m a era t hi cl i .
r w t r
nd c ua l ol t d he i y s m t i l o s a m The pe tne t
ri n
i uiy i notw he he t em pl yee ac e i a wa s ast w a r ntt r i ton,bu w he he t
nq r s
t r he
o
td n
y o o r a e m na i
t
t r he
dec s onm a r hone ty be i ve t e pl ee s a t See H ola v. W a hi l Hom es
ii
ke
s l le d he m oy o c ed.
l nd
s ng on
.

l ,487 F. 208,21 ( h Ci.2007) (l-j unc e td evi nc e t ihe t t ghe
nc.
3d
7 4t r
tr-he ontse
l
de e sabls d ha t
de ii ma r hone ty bele dt t(hepli if desr e t bedic r ed ...r r e sof
cson kej sl ive ha t antfj e v d o
s ha g
egadls
whehe (hepl ntfl di i fc is t tze t....g li t y,i i t pece ton oft
t r t ai it d n a t sue he lras
uqtmael t s he r pi
he
de ii ma rwhi i r lva .)(ntmalquotton maksand cttonsomitdl Ti ly v.
cson ke ch s ee nt' i e
'
ai
r
iai
te ; nse
Fis . pn Na' Bnnk, 155 F. 435,444 ( h Ci. 1
rt uni
tl
3d
4t r 998) ( i t t a dicrmi t y
notng ha
s i naor
-

r t la i pl i iff ie t pr vi e de e t tt frng s pe v s e kne s ha tl a
e a i ton a ntf a l d o o de vi nc ha he i i u r i or ven w he d ied

cam f rd srmiain , v rue o oh rgo n sb Na' R. Pa s n e Co . .Mo g n
li o ici n to ) o er ld n t e r u d v tl R. se u r p v r a ,
5 6 U. 1 ,1 5 ( 0 2 . n y ofr n e i e c t u d r n Ru s l' a e nsta he
3 S. 01 0 2 0 ) Ba d fe s o v d n e o n emie sels v nne t h t
bei ve Ba
le d ndy ha vi a e t Polc l ed,bas d on t wine s sa e e s p o d t
d olt d he i y. nde
e
he t s tt m nt r vi ed o
Rus e l he r as bl be i ved t ta vi a i oft Polc ha occ r d.
s l, e ona y le
ha
ol ton he i y d ur e
Pl ntf ne a g st thi r e i t Oc obe 13, 0 i i tdi no r s t t s m e
ai i f xt r ue ha s ol n he t r 201 nc den d t i e o he a
l ve of t e t or i i i ton a ot e pl e t r i t d by Advanc f vi a i o t
e l hr a
ntm da i s her m oye s e m na e
e or ol ton f he
Polc Thi a g e , oo,i una ii A ga n, dti t pe c pton oft de s onm a rw hi h
i y. s r um nt t s va lng. i ti s he r e i
he ci i
ke
c

i r l n . Hola 487 F. a 21 Thi Co tmus l t whe he t decsonma r
s eeva t'
' lnd,
3d t 7. s ur
t ook o
t r he ii
ke
hones l bele
ty
i ved t pli tf de er d t be dic r d. Ba
he a n if s ve o
s ha ge
ndy has ofe e no hi t t
f r d t ng ha
con r di t Rus e ls t s i ony t t Rus el be i ve t co
ta c s
s l' e tm
ha
s l le d he nduc vi a e t Polc a
t ol t d he
i y nd
w a r nt t r i to nor ha Ba
r a ed e m na i n,
s ndy of e e a hi t s es t t Rus el' r a r s f
f r d nyt ng o ugg t ha
s ls e l ea on or
t r i tng hi w a hi a .7
e m na i
m s s ge
?Bandy' poi taboutt e egi nes ofhi conduc m a be vald as a materofcomm on s e, ie. i
he gr ous s
s
t y
i
t
ens . , t
s n
mi s
ght eem unwie or an extem e s ton t t r i t s eone f t conduct her whi di not
s
r
anci o e m na e om
or he
e, ch d

13

Pl i if a s c am s t t He r o was ivol d i t t r nai decson, t t
antf lo l i ha
nde s n
n ve n he e mi ton
ii ha

Hendes i st ti r n'i t tr nai ofot rol re oye (eeECFNo.23,
ron s he rgge ma 'n he emi tons he de mpl es s
wa
Pl' Rep.a 8 1 , a t t he drfed $ tkam M e r Aci Re t t t l d t
.s s t - 0) nd ha
at d '
a I
mbe ton por' ha ai he
f
oundai frMr Ba st nai 'L aa 1 Thee e ofHe ron' i veme i
ton o . ndy' enni ton. 4 t 5.
'
xtnt
ndes s nvol nt n
t de i i aki pr s t t r i t em pl e - i l ng Ba
he c s onm ng oce s o e m na e
oye s nc udi
ndy- i i por a t be us
s m t n ca e
t r i a i sbl e de e t t He
he e s dm s i e vi nc ha
nder on pr vi usy m a a s a em e c ea l e nc ng
s
e o l
de
t t nt l ry vi i

dic i nat y a musbas on ag Tha i,a t rf me e oye Hom e W a r n Smih,
s rmi or ni
ed
e. t s no he or r mpl e,
r re
t

tsiidt ta t tmeofhi o tnui ton( choc ure i Ma 201 fvemont bef e
e tfe ha the i
s wn e nai whi c rd n y 0, i
hs or
Ba s,He ron ( t Myer'a e me a a uis e ) t d Smih t tAdva eha
ndy') nde s wih
s gre nt nd cq e c nce, ol
t ha
nc d
d i d t tr naeale o l oundorove t ag ofsve y. SmihAf.!8;seas
ecde o emi t 1 mplyees t
ar
r he e e nt ' t f
'
e lo
Smih De . 1 30. Eval tng c e biiy a dr wi i e e esi t lghtmos f vor bl t
t p 3, 8
ua i r di lt nd a ng nf r nc n he i
ta a e o
t Pl i i f t Cou t w il as um e t t H e r on m a t s s a e e and t t i e nc a
he a ntf , he
r l s
ha
nde s
de hi t t m nt
ha t vi es
di c i i t y ani us How e ,E he pr t c e t a t t us ha a t l pl ye a r e i t
s r m na or
m .
ver s
t
o e t d r i m t ve c ualy a d ol n he

e oye ' de sonmaki pr e s a ha a dee m i tve i l nc on t out ome.' Hil
mpl r s cii
ng oc s nd d
tr na i nfue e
he c
'' l,

35 F. a 286( i Re ve ,5 U. a 1 )
4 3d t
quotng e s 30 S. t 41.
A lhough Ba
t
ndy ar s t H e r on pl ye a s g fc nt r e i t dec s on t
gue hat nde s
a d
i nii a ol n he
ii o

t r i t hi ,Band t sii d t the di notknow who ma t de son t t r nae hi .
em na e m
y e tfe ha
d
de he cii o e mi t m
ECF N o. 22- Ba y De a 1 1 I t a a s gnii a l - t t tm ony f om bot
3, nd
p. t 4- 6. ns e d- nd i f c nty he es i
r
h
H e r on a Rus e lw a t t H e er on w a no c ule no di he i l nc i a way
nde s nd
s l s ha
nd s
s t ons t d r d
nfue e n ny
i ve any physialvi ence a whih,by al ac
nvol
c ol
nd
c
l count ,ended lt r i t day a i y,wih Ba
s
a e n he
m cabl t ndy
and Ki s ng ha .But t s Courtdoes not tst as a tuperper onnel depa t
ng haki
nds
hi
ii
s - s
rmentwei ng t
ghi he

pr de c o e o n d ciins ma e b t dee da tl' An ro v.W etn ou e Sa nn h
u n e f mplyme t e so ' d y he fn nl. de s n
'
siah s va a
Rie Co.4 F.d 2 ,2 ( t Ci. 5)( u tn De a n tev. ni el . 1 3 F.d29 29 ( t
v r , 06 3 48 72 4 h r 200 q o ig l r e t Cor ng nc, 3 3 3, 9 4h
Ci. 1 :.The Co ti c nfne ise d t e a nig wh t r o t r c r b f r i,t r i
r 998
ur s o i d n ta o x mi n
ehe, n he e o d e o e t hee s
s fi in e i n e fom whc a r a o bej y c ul tn i Ba dy' fvo a t hs ds rmi ton
u tce t vde c r
ih e s na l ur o d i d n n s a r s o i ic i nai
cl m ,and t Cour concl
ai
he
t
udest t ei not
hat her s .
8Hender on a M yer bot de evermaki orhearng s as aem ent
s nd
s h ny
ng
i uch t t
.

14

Rus e l s de i i t t r i t bot Ba
s l' c son o e m na e h ndy a Ki ECF N o.22- H e r on D e a 90- ;
nd ng.
4, nde s
p. t 91
ECF N o.22- , Rus el Af i vi.Thi Cour m us dr a 1 r as bl i e e e i t lg
1
s l f da t
s
t t aw l e ona e nf r nc s n he i ht
m os f vor bl t t Pl i if H ow e r e n i t Cour a s e t t He r on m a t
t a a e o he a ntf .
ve , ve f he
t s um s ha
nde s
de he
sa e en t Sm ih a t t s a e e t r l c s a dicrm i t y ani us ( he pr t c e ta t
tt m t o
t nd hat he t t m n efe t
s i na or
m ,t
t
oe td ri
t us ha pl yed a r e i t e pl r s dec s onm a ng pr es a ha a de e m i tve
m t ve a
ol n he m oye '
ii
ki
oc s nd d
t r na i

i l nc ont out me.'Hil 35 F. a 28 ( tng Re ves 530U. a 1 ) Hee,t t
nfue e he co '' l, 4 3d t 6 quoi
e ,
S. t 41 . r ha
c u a lnk i lc ng.Asnot i wasRus elt tm a t de son t tr na e Bandy,af c
r cil i s a ki
ed, t
s l ha de he cii o e mi t
at
t tBa ha no di put d.
ha ndy s t s e

The s e e de
ol vi nce Ba
ndy ofe s t s ppor hi a gument t t He r on s how
fr o u t s r
ha
nde s ome
i l nc d t de s on i t f c t t H e r o a r l d a t t pa a a of t
nf ue e he ci i s he a t ha
nde s n ppa enty r fed he r gr ph
he
i tg i r por t t s t f t t c
nvesi atve e t ha e orh he onduc of Ba
t
ndy.A s H e r on e a ne ho e r he
nde s xpl i d, w ve ,

dr fed t ta t r ques ofRus e l t de ii
a t ha t he e t
s l, he c sonma r a trt t r i ton de ii ha be n
ke , fe he e m na i
c son d e
ma ECF N o.22- He r on De a 90de.
4, nde s
p. t 91.M or ove ,Ba y' r i e on Hende s s
e r nd s elanc
ron'
dr fi oft r por i m i pl ce be a e t r i not ng i t s a e e t ti c r dit y
a tng he e t s s a d c us he e s hi n he t t m nt ha s onta c or
t t sorest d by H a land G r y.Tha i , he e i no hi t s
o he t i ol
l
a
t s t r s t ng o ugge tt tH e r on di t t
s ha nde s
sored

or o he wie s we t f t of t i de a i wa t d t hi by t t i pe nt
t r s ke d he acs
he nci nt s t s ol o m
he wo nde nde
wine s .I t ad,t ac unthe pr de i t tr por f m i who l co itnt wih t
t s es nse
he co
ovi d n ha e t or s
ly nsse
t he
de ii t tm ony of bo h H a l a G r y, N o i t r any e de e t t Hende s
poston es i
t
l nd a
r s he e
vi nc ha
r on
i pr pe l i l nc d t i tga i Se ECF N o.22- Gr y De 20- ECF N o.22m o ry nfue e he nves i ton. e
6, a
p. 21;
7,
H a lDe 20 21.
l p. -

Fourh a tna l Band a
t nd i ly,
y dvanc s at or t tAdva us d t De e t Se ton asa
e he y ha
nce e he f c s c i
d pi g ound ...f ol e pl esw ho ha be n s l c e f t r i ton. ECF N o.23,
s
dum ng r
or der m oye
d e e e t d or e m na i '
'

15

Pl' Resp. 11.9Pl i ifpoi s t hi o ta f rt De e t i J nua y 201 ,a wela t
antf nt o s wn r nse o f c s n a r
0 s l s he
. s
tans e of f m e e pl es Pe nal Sm ih,a M a Pl i if a gues t tol r w or r w e e
r f r or r m oye
r , t nd be. a ntf r
ha de
ke s r
t a f r e t t D e e t s c i - w hi h t y des rbe a a dem oton ba e on t m or
r ns e r d o he f c s e ton
c he
ci s
i
sd
he
e
sr nuousw or a D e e sposton r quie s t tt y w oul sr e w ih t i pe f m a
te
k
f ct
ii e r d- o ha he
d t uggl t he r r or nce

a c d t n be t natd.Se j! a 8- 1 Hehasi lded afi visfo s oft s
nd oul he
enui e
e .s t l .
l
.
ncu
tda t rm ome he e
i vi l t ts
ndi duas ha uppor hi agume .Fo e mpl,Mr Penalaguest ti i hi belefhe(nd
t s r nt r xa e . r r
ha t s s i
a

ot rode e o s weetanse r t Def t a t amor ditc tposton s t tt y
he l r mplyee ) r r fred o ecs nd o
e fiul ii o ha he
w o d sr e a be t r i t d, and t t t ta f r w as pa t of a pl n t t m i t hi
ul tuggl nd
e m na e
ha he r ns e
r
a o er na e s
e pl m e due t hi a ECF N o.23- Afi vi o Car Pe na .Pe na w a 73 a t tm e of
m oy nt
o s ge.
3, tda t f l r l r l s
t he i

hi t r i to Si lry, M r Smih ha pr de a afi vi a t tm on t t he wa
s e m nai n. mia l
.
t s ovi d n fda t nd esi y ha
s
t r i t d f om Advanc a ag 76 a t t i w a hi bele Adva e t a f r ed hi t a m or
e m na e r
e t e
nd ha t s s i f
nc r ns e r
m o
e

o eo s p sto ( ee hs a t ts p e ne hi fo pefnni g h s d te i a tmey
n r u o iin wh r i rl i rve td m rm ro n i u is n i l
ui
ma r s t tico dtr naehi duet hi ag ECF No. 6,SmihAf.
nne) o ha t ul emi t m
o s e.
23t f
A dva s a est tM r Pe na a M r Sm ih w e e bot t r i t d f poorpe f m a e
nce t t ha
. r l nd . t r
h e m na e or
r or nc

ba e on a c
sd
omput r pr r m t ttm e a e l t d t i wo k,and t tt pr a wa
e og a ha i d nd vaua e her r
ha he ogr m
s
a i d i a ag neutal m n r Appa e l M r M a r s gne upon notc of a pe ng
pple n n e- r
nne .
r nty, . be e i d
ie
ndi
t a f r t Def c s ECF N o.23 a 1 11 I a eve ,Ba ar s t tafe he m ai ai d a
r ns e o
e t.
t 0- . n ny nt ndy gue ha t r
nt ne n
a c pt bl pe f m a
c e a e r or nce l veli D e e t a di no I a l'a he w a e c e t do,A d nc
e
n f c s nd d t t i' s
f
s xpe t d o
va e

nee d to fnd a t rwa t tr nae ( ml'J a 1 Heague t tAdva sie upon
de i i nohe y o emi t hi .'Z t 2. r s ha
t
nce ez d
t Oc obe 1 201 i de wih Ki a a e us t tr i t hi .
he t r 3, 0 nci nt t ng s n xc e o e m nae m

9B andy' cl m t t e was s e s 4 ofpolcy orcons r y atAdvance t di rm i e agai tol
s ai hat her
om ol
i
piac
o sc i nat
ns der
wor s i under by t f t t he never compl ned about age dicrm i i or age-elt d
ker s
cut
he ac hat
ai
s i naton
r ae
com ment whieem pl
s l
oyed by Advanc
e.

1
6

Ev n i Plitf' e i e c ,c b ld t g t e,c ud s me o la aj l t c n ld
e f anifs v d n e o be o eh r o l o h w e d u' o o cu e
y
t tAdvmw e i f c had s h a polc oftyi t ous ol rw or r ,i sildoe notove c e
ha
n at
uc
i y r ng o t de
ke s t tl
s
r om

t s ik e de rlt t Pli ifstr nain.Se Hil 35 F. a 286 ( ai ifmus
he pecf vi nce eaed o antf emi to e l, 4 3d t
pl ntf
t
pr t thi a ta t ly m otva ed t e pl ye ' de i i n' a a or ngl s a e e t by
ove ha s ge s c ua l
i t he m o r s c s o ' nd cc di y, t t m n s

non- cii
de sonma r orsa e e s unr lt d t t de son pr s do nots tc t s tsy t
ke s t t m nt
ea e o he cii
oce s
ufi e o aif he

pli ifsbur n ofpr ngdici nai .Tha mae ile denc s
antf
de
ovi srmi ton) t tra vi e howst ta HR ma ge ,
ha n
na r
w ih no know l
t
edge of Ba
ndy' a , f m d t t B a y vi a e t Polc a i t w o kpl e
s ge ot ha
nd ol t d he i y ga ns
r ac
vi l nc w hi h r r t r i to unde t Polc Tha m a e ba e hi d i i
o e e,
c equied e m na i n
r he
i y.
t nag r s d s ec s on,
m o eo r o w ine s sa e e s f om t o pe s ns who Ba
r ve , n t s t t m nt r w
ro
ndy doe nota l e ha a a m us
s
leg d ny ni
a ns hi , bas on a o o he wi e M or ve , o he e pl es of v yi ag w e e
gai t m
ed
ge r t r s .
eo r t r m oye
ar ng es r

tr na e f r sm ia condud.Gi n t s undipu e e de ,t e i smpl nots tc e t
e mi t d o i lr
ve hi
s t d vi nce her s i y
ufi i n

e i e c fo whc ara o bej r c u dfn Ba d wa tr n tdb c us o h sa e
v d n e r m ih e s na l u y o l i d n y s emiae e a e f i g .
F r a1o te e ra o s t Co r c ncu e ta s mma y j d me ti Dee d n '
o 1 f h s e s n , he u t o ld s h t u r u g n n fn a ts
f vori pr r
a
s ope .
1 Concl on
11.
usi

As um i ar ndo t tPl ntf c n e t ls a prm a f ce c s ofag dic i na i
s ng gue
ha ai if a sab ih
i ai ae
e s rmi ton,

t Co tfndst tt r i no g neis ofmaeilfc t pr l e s
he ur i ha he e s enui sue
tra a t o ecud ummayj
r udgme f
nt or
t De end nt Pl ntf has f ie t s w t t A dva e' e a ton t t Ba
he f a . ai if
a l d o ho ha
nc s xpl na i ha
ndy w a
s

t nui td f r vi a i is ze o-ol r nc wo kplc vi e e polcy wa m e e y a pr t x f
e nae o oltng t r t e a e r a e olnc
i
s rl
e e t or
a dic i nai Li wie,Pl n if ofe s i ufii nt e de e fom whi a r a ona e
ge s rmi ton. ke s
aitf f r ns fc e vi nc r
ch e s bl
f ti
ac tnderc d c ude t thi a w ast t tf r'c us ofhi t m i ton.
oul oncl ha s ge
he t o ' a e
bu
s er na i

Fo te f rg ig ra o s t Co r c n l d sta n r a o bej r rc ud fnd ta
r h o e on e s n , he u t o cu e h t o e s na l u o o l i h t
Bandy was t r i t d be a e of hi age A c or ngl t D e e nts M oton f Slm m a y
e m na e
c us
s . c di y, he f nda '
i or l r

j
udgme i GRANTED.
nt s
*
Exr : s 73 d y ofxove r201
rEu Thi
a
mbe
2

.

J s C. k
mne Tur
Se orU nie St t D i t l tJ
ni
t d a es sr c udge

18