Shomo v. Junior Corporation
Filing
54
MEMORANDUM OPINION. Signed by Judge James C. Turk on 7/6/12. (med)
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Case N o. 7: cv: 11- 508
M EM O R AN D U M O PI IO N
N
By:Jam esC .Turk
Seni Uni St es D i ri Judge
or ted at
st ct
JUN I R CO RPO R ATI N ,
O
O
Defnda .
e nt
)
)
Thi matri bef et Cour onPli ifAbiaiG.Shomo(t
s te s or he
t antf g l
1shomo'' M oto f
' s in or
l
Le t Fiea Ame dCompli ( No.4 .Orlagume wa hedonJ ne11 201
ave o l n
nde
ant ECF
2) a r
nt s l
u
, 2,
wheru t Cour al
e pon he
t lowedDefnda J o Cor ain ($t or' 1 da t fl a
e nt unir porto $Jmi ' 5 ys o ie n
)
Opposton.Def nda fl d isOpposton on J 26, 2,a Shomo ha r ple
ii
e nt ie t
ii
une 201 nd
s e i d.
Ac or ngl t materi now rpef diposton.Fo t r as s tf t beow,Shom o'
c di y, he t s
i or s ii
r he e ons e orh l
s
M o i i G I A N TED i pa ta D EN I i pa t
ton s R
n r nd
ED n r .
1
.
Fact and ProceduralB ackzround
ual
Shomo orgi ly fl d t sa i agans J i ro Oc obe 27,201 a lgi s x a
i na l ie hi cton i t un o n t r
0, le ng e nd
pr gna y di c i i ton i vi a i ofTil V l oft Ci lRi s Ad of 1
e nc s r m na i n ol ton
te l he vi ght
964. Se ECF N o.
e
1 Def ntbr
. enda oughta M o i n t Dim is a gui t tt Pli ifhad f ie t saea ca m
to o s s , r ng ha he a ntf
a ld o t t li
f r i bec us s had no ad ua el a l ge a es e i e e e ofa Til V I c ai ,
or elef a e he
t eq t y le d n s ntal l m nt
te I l m
na l t tJ orempl
mey ha uni
oyed 1 o mor e o e .See42U. C.j2000e( .OnJ nuay 18
5 r e mplye s
S.
b)
a r ,
201 w ih l a ofCour ,Sho o fl d a Fis Am e d Com pl i te i ty a l ng t t
2, t e ve
t
m ie
rt
nde
a n xplcil legi ha
D ef
endantem pl
oyed 15 orm or em pl
e
oyees wihi t m eani ofTil V I . See ECF N o.15.
t n he
ng
te l
On M a c 1 201 agan wih l veofCour,Sho otld a Se
r h 9, 2, i t ea
t m ie
cond Am e d Com pli
nde
ant
wherupo s a dacai und t FarLa rSt dar Ac (heSFLSA cam' a a
e n he dde l m er he i bo an ds t t t
li ' nd
)
wr f tr nai cl m purua t Vigi acommonl (het
ongul emi ton ai
s nt o r ni
aw t d
Bowma cli ).SeeECF
n am'
N o.3 The FLSA cl i a l ge t tJ orf ie t pa Sho o t f de aly- a t d
2.
a m le d ha uni a l d o y
m he e r l m nda e
mi mum wa of$2.3 anho f tppe e pl e ,a t Bowman c am al ge t t
ni
ge
1
ur or i d m oye s nd he
l i le d ha
Shom o w a unl w f l fr be a e s r f e t abo t runbor c l
s a uly ied c us he e us d o r he
n hid.
De e ntmove t dim isShomo' Se nd Am e d Com pl nti ise iey f
f nda
do s s
s co
nde
ai n t ntr t or
f l e t s a e a c a m . ECF N o,33. The Cou tdi m i s Shom o' FLSA c a m a he
aiur o t t l i
r s s ed
s
l i nd r
Bowmancli ,butdeci d t dim ishe Til VI cai .ECF No.40.The FLSA c am wa
am
lne o s s r te l l m
li
s
ds se be a s i fie t a e u tl alg ta ete S o o J n o wa s j c t te
imis d c u e t ald o d q aey l e h t i r h mo r u ir s ube t o h
e
h
FLSA ,a t Bow m a c ai w asdi m i s d be a e t Co tc ude t tt Supr m e
nd he
n lm
s s e c us he ur oncl d ha he
e
Co t V igi a w oul notr c ze a c m on-a wr ult m i ton c a m w he e a
ur of r ni
d
e ogni
om
l w ongf er na i l i
r n
e pl e wa t m i t f rr f i t ha a a ton. Se ECF N o.
m oye
s er na ed o e us ng o ve n bori
e
39. Shom o hasnow
m ove f rl a t a e Cot s1 a I 1ofhe Com pl nt D e e ntoppos he r que t
d o e ve o m nd
mt 1 nd 1
r
ai ; f nda
es r e s ,
a g ng t tt pr
r ui ha he opos d a e en s woul be f ie bec us t w oul nots vi a m o i
e m ndm t
d
utl
a e hey
d
ur ve
ton
t di m i s
o s s.
l
l.
St
andard ofR e ew
vi
Le vet a nds dbefe ygi nwhe j tces rquie Fe R. v. 15a( .
a o me houl rel ve
n usi o e rs. d. Ci P. ()2)
M o e v r ith lw i welstldt a la et a n ap e dngs o l b d n e o l whe
ro e,d l e a s l ete h t e v o me d la i h ud e e id ny n
g
t ea n me t udbep eudca t t eo p sngp ry t eeh sb e b dfi o t p r o
h me d n wo l
rj iil o h p o i a t,h r a e n a at n he at f
h
t m ovi pa t ort am e m e woul be f ie. Edwa ds v. t ofG ol bo o,1 F. d
he
ng r y, he
nd nt
d
utl '
'
r
Ciy
ds r 78 3
231, ( hCi.1 9)( tngJ ms v. o a FoodsCo.785F. 503,509( hCi.
242 4t r 99 quoi ol on Orwe t
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986) itr
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y opel
be de e a f tl Se Unie St t e r l W is m v. e l Br
ni d s u ie. e
t d a es x e . l c K locc own & Root l ,5 F.
s nc. 25 3d
370,376( h Ci.
4t r 2008)
.
A motont dimisund Rul 1 b)6 oft Fe rlRulsofCi lPr e etsst
i o s s er e 2( () he dea e
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c ai mus i l as ta pli sae ntoft cai s unde whiht pla ri
ompl nt t ncude hor nd an ttme
he l mt) r c he e de s
e tte t r i .Fed.R.Ci P.8()2)
nild o elef
v. a( .Unde t noiepla ngsa r e oyedbyt
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he
f er lcou t, hec pli nee onl ç vet de e ntnotceofwha t cli i ... nd
ed a
rs t om a nt d y i
gi he f nda
i
t he am s a
t gr ndsuponwhih i r t. Erc onv.Padus 55lU. 89,93(
he ou
c t ess' iks
'
r ,
S.
2007)(ii BelAt.
ctng l l
Cor v.
p. Twombl 550U. 5 555( ) l or rt s r veamotont dimis
v,
S. 44, 2007). n de o u vi
i o s s,
h we e, c mpan ' C ta t l l g to smu t ee o g t riearg tt rle a o et e
o v r a o lits ûl cua al ain s b n u h o as ih o eif b v h
g
e
s c a i l vel' Twom bl 550 U . a 555. I pari ul ,t ega conc us o , e e s ofa
pe ul tve e .
'
y,
S. t
n tc ar t l
l
l i ns el m nt
c us ofa ton,a ba e as e tonsde d off rherf t e nc m entf lt c ns iut w e l
a e c i nd r s ri
voi
u t ac ual nha e
ai o o tt e l-
pldfcsf Rul 1 b)6)pupos . Ne tChe olt Lt v.Cons afisco l ,591
e a t or e 2( (
es' me vr e. d.
'
umerfar. m. nc.
F. 250, ( h Ci.2009) W hiet Cour i oblgaedt a e a tuea1oft
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om a nt s l- ed ac ua l a i
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pl ntflAdoc v. eg lne.LLC,55 F. 369,37 ( hCi. ) iwilnotgiet s me
ai it
k Frihti r
0 3d
4 4t r 2008 ,t l
v he a
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e r eoi
unwar a e i e e es unr as bl co l i ,ora gum ent .' N e e
r nt d nf r nc , e ona e nc us ons
r
s' m t
Che olt 591F. a 255( i W a v. ret AraMe Ct.l ,5 F. 599,615
vr e,
3d t
quotng hi Chalson e d. rs nc. 62 3d
n. ( hCi.2009).
26 4t r
)
111
.
Di cussi
s
on
A. CountI :t FLSA C l m
I he
ai
I r pons t t Cour ' O r rdi m i s ng Count 1 a I Iofhe Sec A m e d
n es
e o he
ts de s s i
s 1 nd 1
r ond
nde
Co pli t Shom o movedt Cour t a lw he t tl aThid Am e d Co pl ntt ta e
m an,
he
t o lo
r o 5e
r
nde
m ai ha m nds
t ec t.Se ( opos dlThidAm.Compl,Ex.1t Pl' M ot f Le vet FieAm.
hos ouns e Pr e
r
.
o .s .or a o l
Compl,J 7, 2, No. (t '.TheTAC addst f l nglnguag a t t
. un. 201 ECF 42 i
TAC'
)
he olowi a
e s o he
FLSA cli pr s bl t brngJ o Co por ton wihi t FLSA' c r pr sons
a m, e uma y o i unir r a i
t n he
S ove age ovii :
Ata 1tmesma e i lhe e pl ntf e ge i c
1 i
t ra r , ai if nga d n omm e c o wor i abusnes
r e r ked n
i s
e
ngag i c m e c ort pr uc i ofc m e c w ihi t m e ng oft FLSA .
ed n om r e he od ton
om r e t n he ani
he
Fore mpl on i o ton a be if a apr pre o ofM e c n r t ur nt d e nt
xa e, nf nna i nd le , s o it r
xia esa a s ef nda
rgulrgijbr
e a sc oughtit t Commonwe 1ho Vigi aa t Unie Sttsf
no he
at f r ni nd he td ae ood
pr
oduc sgr n a m a o s det Com m o e lh ofV igi a a t Unie St t s
t ow nd de ut i he
nw a t
r ni nd he t d a e
a e pl ng t l
nd, m oyi he aborofpli ifa ot rwor r ,s dt epr t a is
antf nd he
ke s ol hos oduc s t t
r s a an s Thos f a ot rpr uc s i l
e t ur t .
e ood nd he od t nc uded buta e notlm ied t bee , i
r
i t o r w ne,
ot raloholcbe r ges varousc le andhots uce ,s s ,be ,c cke rcea
he c i ve a , i
hii s
a s ala ef hi n, i nd
be ns c n, l ,c ea ng c m i a s a pa rpr
a , or f our l ni he c l , nd pe oduc s I addii de e
t.n
ton, f ndan
t
e pl d pe s who t a e a r s s a e lne t w o k f de e nt l a ton,
m oye r ons
r vel d c os t t i s o r or f nda . n ddii
de e ntus d ot rc m odii s i l ng butnotlm ie t na ur lgas el c rc t
f nda
e he om
te , nc udi
i td o t a
, e t i iy,
te
elphoneand i e ne s r c whih ta le a r ssat lnest Vigi af us i
ntr t e vie, c r vel d c os t e i o r ni or e s
s li de e ntspr
e lng f nda ' oduc s l addii on i or a i a belef a a1 tm e m a e i l
t.n
ton, nf m ton nd i , t l i s t r a
he e o de e nte pl d m o et n t pe s nsa ha g os a
r t f nda m oye
r ha wo r o nd d r s nnua s l sof
l ae
$500, ormor Furhe on i or ton a bei f de e n ' owne sta ou sde
000
e. t r nf ma i nd le , f nda ts
r r vel t i
t U nie St t s t M e co f e nty atl as i pa t ort pur e ofs a c ng f a
he t d a e o xi r que l
e t n r f he pos
e r hi or nd
obti ng r ci a f pr t t s la deenda ' r tur nt i t Unied St e .
a ni e pes nd ood oduc s o el t f nts esa a s n he t ats
TAC !27. Dee nta g st tt spaa a silfist brngShomo' FLSA cai wihi
fnda r ue ha hi rgrph tl al o i
s
lm tn
tea i o t eFLSA b c us ifist alg s fiin fcst s w ta Jmiri s be tt
h mbt f h
e a e t al o le e u fce t a t o ho h t t o s u j c o
t FLSA' i vi ore eprs c r gepr sons
he
S ndi dual nt r ie ove a
ovii .
Asr lva the e t FLSA r quiest te o r pay a e oye ' ng d i
ee n r , he
e r ha mpl ye s
n mpl e t age n
e
c
ommec ort pr uci ofgoodsf co re, (
re he od ton
or mmec or who)i e oye i a e e ie
s mpl d n n ntprs
e ge i co m er e or i t pr uc i ofgoodsf c m e c ' he f de a l m a t d
nga d n m
c
n he od ton
or om r e' t e r ly- nda e
4
mi mu wa e 2 U. C. 2 6 a( )1t mmec 'i d fn da trd 5 o re
ni m g . 9 S. j 0 ()1. s
co re's ei e s ' a e c mmec ,
t
tans t i tans i i orcom m uni i am ong t s
r poraton, r m ss on,
caton
he everalSt esorbet
at
ween any St e
at
a da ypa eo tiete e f' I j 0 ( ) Th s acam ma me tteF A'j rs ito a
n n lc u sd h ro . d 2 3 b . u , li y e h LS S u idcin l
'
r quie e sunde oneoft pr sons t ti vi lc r e'pr so o t ç nt r ie
e r m nt
r
wo ovii ' he indi dua ove ag ' ovii n r he t e prs
.
e
c r e' pr son. See Rai v.Ea tCoas Tow i & St a LLC,820 F.
ove ag ' ovi i
ns
s
t
nc
or ce,
supp. 7 746
zd 43,
( D. 2011 .Unde t i vi lc rgepr son,a empl c swihi t a t
E. Va. )
r he ndi dua ovea ovii n
oyee ome t n he mbi
oft FLSA w he e he ors i e
he
r
he s ngage i c m e c ort pr uc i of goodsf c m e c
d n om r e he od ton
or om r e
durng t co s ofhe e pl en dute . By co r t mze ep r s c r ge c a m m a be
i he ur e
r m oym t i s
ntas , nt i e ove a l i
y
br ug whe et busne sis l i enga d i c me c ort pr ton ofgoodsf r
o ht r he i s te f s
ge n om r e he oduc i
o
CODAnACCCC.
De e nta guest tShom oha f ld t pr ry alegea i vi lc r gec am
f nda r
ha
s aie o ope l l
n ndi dua ove a l i
o a e e prs c r c am ,a t he FLSA cai i ne s a iy f ie. TheCour wil
r n ntr ie ove age l i nd hus r
l m s ce s rl utl
t l
trta d e st ee tr rs c v r g cam.An e ly ri s j c t t eFLSA' e tprs
is d rs h n ep ie o ea e li
mpo e s ube t o h
S n e ie
c r e pr s ons i i:
ove ag ovi i f t
( ()hase oyee e edi c
A)i
mpl s ngag n omme c ori t pr ducin ofgo f c
r e n he o to
ods or ommec
re,
ort thase pl sha i s li orot r i e w o ki on goodsorm a e i l t t
ha
m oyee ndlng, e lng,
he w s
r ng
t ra s ha
ha be n m o d i orpr
ve e
ve n
oduce f c m er by a pe s and
d or om
ce
ny r on;
(i i a e eprs whos a
i) s n ntr ie
e nnualgr svol ofsl ma orbusnes donei not
os ume aes de
i s
s
l st n $500, (xcusveofe ietxesa t rt llve t tar s pa ael
es ha
000 e l i
xcs a the eai e l ha e e r t y
sae .
ttd)
29U. C. 2 3 s( ) Dee d n camsta S o se tr rs c v r g cam i d fcie
S. j 0 ()1. fn a t li h t h mo' nep ie o e a e li s ee tv
be us i s m pl as e t t tt Def nda r ul ry br ug f a ot rie s i o
ca e t i y s r s ha he e nt eg a l o ht ood nd he t m nt
V igi a a f ist a l ge t tDef nda ' e pl yee br htt e ie s i o V igi a.
r ni nd a l o le ha
e nt s m o s oug hos t m nt r ni
1Shom o' FLSA cli i conce ned onl wih J or' f l e t pa hert pr lng m i mum wage.
s
am s
r
y t uni s aiur o y
he evaii
ni
TAC !26.I isM e a du Opi ondae J ne1 201 t Cou tmitke y qu tdt e
n t mor n m ni td u , 2,he r sa nl o e h
j rs ito l e uie n ofSe ton20 o teFLSA, ihrvol saou t 40-ou wo k e ,
u idcina r q rme t ci 7 f h
whc e ve r nd he h r r we k
rt e t n t Se to 2 , c c ve smi mum wa .Se Me Op. Be a s t j iditon l
ah r ha o cin 06 whih o r ni
ge e m. 6. c u e he urs c i a
ln a ei boh sc insi ie ia,hi ddno a fc t Cou tsa ayssa d di n tprj dc te
a gu g n t e to s d ntc lt s i t fe the r' n l i n d o e u ie h
p ris Compa e29U. C. 20 a wihi j20 ( )
a te .
r
S. j 6() t d
7a.
5
Def' M e . n Opp.6, un. 20 1 ECF N o. D e e ntm i r adst s a ut W ih a
.s m i
J 26, 2,
48. f nda
se
he t t e. t n
e ep r s c r c a m , he e i no r quie entt tDef nt se o e m ove t goods
nt i e ove age l i t r s
e rm
ha
enda ' mpl ye s
he
i c m e c Ra he , he l w s m pl r ui e t tt e b i s is fhase pl esw ho
n om r e. t r t a i y eq r s ha h us ne s t el
m oye
ha e,s lorot r s wor onû
ndl el, hewie k G
goodsormaeil t thavebe move i orpr e or
tras ha
en
dn
oduc df
c
omme c b an r on. 29U. C.j203()1( (i (mphassa )
r e y ype s t
'
S.
s( )A)i) e
i dded .
De e ntne a guest tC a nif do notaleg t tD ef nt se pl sw e e
f nda
xt r
ha l i t f es
pl
l e ha
enda ' m oyee r
pa toft c nne sofcom m e c Ort tt y a t aly m ove t s f a ot rie si
r he ha l
r e, ha he c u l
d he e ood nd he t m n
c m e ce. Ra he ,Pl ntf a l ge onl t tDef nda ' e pl yee 'ol t e ie sonc
om r
t r ai i f le s y ha
e nts m o s s d' hes t m
e
t y a ved i V igi a .. . hi i nots f c e t s
he ni
n r ni . t s s
uf i i nt o how t n e pr s c r ge'unde t
e t r i e ove a
r he
F
LSA. De ' M o .n Op 6 Th Co r d sg e s Th fc si d tr nn tid cinf r
' f s ti p. . e u t ia re . e o u n ee mi igju s ito o
'
e t p rs co r ge cai si t e o r no t e oye I a t ki Shomo' e e ie
n e ie ve a l m s he mplye , t he mpl e. n tac ng
s nt prs
co r ge c a m ,Def nda hasi pr pe l c l t d t sa
ve a l i
e nt
m o ry onfa e he t ndar f r i vi ua co r ge a
ds o ndi d l ve a nd
ent pr s cover
er i e
age.
l t c e ofe e pr s c e a cl ms d ti w e les a i hed t tl lbus ne s
n he ont xt nt r i e ov r ge ai , i s l t bls
i
ha oca
i s
aci tesf lwihi t FLSA whe a e e prs e o wor swho handl g
tvii al t n he
n n nt r ie mpl ys ker
e oodsor
ma e i l t tha m o d orha be n pr e i it rt t c me ce. Br k v.Ha a
t ras ha ve ve
ve e oduc d n n e sa e om r ' oc
'
m d,
8 F. 80 8 ( hCi.1 9)( rc im) dg lhoughr t r ntwor r donotdie ty
67 3d 4, 08 4t r 98 pe ura . iAlt
esau a
ke s
r cl
pa tcpaei commereg)t r sa a a whiht yaee o doesbyusngmaei s
rii t n
c , he eturnt t c he r mplyed
i
tral
t ta s e poi tta l i i t r t t c m e c ' Di v.HBT.l ,N o.RW T 11 v1
ha t om
n r ve ed n n e s a e om r e. az
'
nc.
c 856,
201 W L 294749,a *3( M d. a 31 201 (uotngDizv. a rRes.Gr ,649
2
t D. J n. , 2) q i a J aua t p.
.
F. zd 1 43,1 ( D. a.
supp. 3 355 S. Fl 2009) (ntr lquottonmaksomitd)
) i ena
ai
r
te .
Dee n ' rla onThor v. lRetrton Svc .I .448F. 1 ( 1hCi.
fnda ts eince
ne A1 soai
s.nc,
3d 264 1 t r
2006) i miplce l Thor a e oy br ts tunde t i vi c r e
,s s a d. n
ne, n mpl ee ough ui
r he ndi dual oveag
p o so oft FLSA .l t c s ofhi dutes t e pl epur ha edt sne ded f
r viins he
n he our e
s i , he m oye
c s ool e
or
hs o a t elc l meDe t Th e ly r a pae tyac n t cinc mp n , st
ij b t h o a Ho
po . e mpo e , p rnl o snlto o a y wa he
e us r oft t s The i s w a w he he a e pl e' pur has oft t s a a l a , nnd e
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s ue s
t r n m oye s c e he ool t oc l i
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te
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e
m t n
t s r oft FLSA ' i vi lc r ge pr son. 1 a 1
he phe e he
S ndi dua ove a
ovi i
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e nt r ui
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t
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le
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o ofs a e,s h asbee ,w i a o he f t f ,a s t n pa tc pa e i s li t e
ut t t uc
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o he tmae ons r ,he usome s he esa an .TAC !27.Ast Thor
he
ne
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ur e ogni d,dcl rs si uih t e rha t
i mmec r s tt
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i or al nd he tm t ons r
rl
c es
ha e o l ve n
i e sa e c m e ce f i r s a e us .' Thor 448 F. d a 1
nt r t t om r or nt a t t e '
ne,
3 t 267. Her ,J orw a no t
e uni
s t he
uli a e co um e oft goodst tta le i i e sa e c m e ce Ra he ,p was sm pl
tm t ns r he
ha r ve l d n nt r t t om r . t r
i y
a t ri e m e a y i t c i ofc m e c ,i i i r e ntt tDef ndan ' s e t
no he nt r di r n he ha n
om r e' t s r el va ha
e
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l nt a t t
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r
t uli a e c um e oft f t f , ha w oul s ilno pr c ude t a i a i oft
he tm t ons r he oods uf s t t
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he pplc ton he
FLSA unde an e t r i e c r ge t y. Dol v. dd Felow sH om e Endow m en Bd. 91
r
n e pr s ove a heor
e O
l
t , 2
ne s a gel na
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F. 68 695( h Ci.1 .l s ,Thor i lr y i pposie t t f ct bef et
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t
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le s ha hos
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ai tf d r
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o- ke s nal t lege ha u or d r s n al aes
ea t
000. e
TAC ! Thi i alt ti r quiedt brngacam unde t FLSA' e e iec rge
27. s s l ha s e r o i li
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pr son.See 29U. C.jj s,206.
ovii
S. 203()
The TA C' FLSA cl m aleg s fc e f c st m e tt te e prs c
S
ai l es uf i i nt a t o e he t nt r i e over ge 'c a m ,
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o
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h me me t ul e rj dca, r h t h mo a ce n a at / wads 7
h,
F. a 242, he Cou tw ila l Shom o t a e Coun 1 .
3d t
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B. C o 1 1 The Bo m an Cl m
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ae
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5. s
tr he fcinc n
t 1.
A st Cou tnot i ispr vi o ni di m i sng Cou 1 ofShom o' Sec Am e d
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Com pl nt a B o m an c a m m a notle f r lgi dicrm i i n be a e f e dom o r lgi
ai ,
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2Dee a ta g sta û an ifsalg to t a Dee n ha g os s lsof$5 0,00o mor f l t
fnd n r ue h tt itf' le ain h t fnda t d r s ae
pl
0 0 r e ais o
s
how FLSA cove
rage becaus i i a bar r t ton oft sat or r r
e ts
e ecia i
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nd acks ny a s ha
mih gv ipa sbly a rq ie b teI b ltn ad' De. Og . .Dee d n mic ntu sh
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o ook he ie
ai o t r ne
t
t ausi y s t
ai or elef e
M em .Op.5-6,J 1 201 ECF No.39.Consi i t TA C a a whol t Cour fndst tShom o
un. , 2,
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