Howard v. Statzer et al

Filing 79

MEMORANDUM OPINION. Signed by District Judge Glen E. Conrad on 12/13/2012. (kab)

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e is wad' to o ea t ud me t g i t fnd n J S az r g a t wa d s
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f nda t
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,
A . H ow ar s Cl m s
d' ai

Robe tPha oa Ho d,aVigi ai t pr e ng p oK ,fl t sci lrght a ton
r
z h war
r ni nma e oce di r
ied hi vi i s c i

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ls nt o
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1 Def
endantV . Phipsh sfld amo i f rs
p a ie
ton o ummayj me to tegrun o q lfe
r udg n n h o d f uaiid

i niy a ont me isofHo r scl ms Theo h rde e a sCt s c iydee a t' ,
mmu t nd he rt
wad' ai .
t e fnd nt t e urt fnd n s' who
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)
a er p e e t db spa aec ns lha eas fldamoto f s
r e r s n e y e rt ou e, v lo ie
in or ummayj dg n aguigt a t e ae
r u me t r n h t h y r
enttedt qualfed i uniy a t tHow a d' cl m gar wihoutm ert The s iy def
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e t
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ecurt endant have
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Ot rpe i moto wilbea r s db s paaeor e t)
he ndng ins l ddese y e r t d rs.

,

W hie
s nhunt He C. Pa
, ad, S. yne,a D.L.Ta e J . Li r ly c tue Howa d' c pli a
nd
t , r be al onsr d,
r s om a nt nd

a t hme salget f l ngcamsf rle unde j1983agans prs n ofkil a Re
tac nt le he olowi li or eif r
i t io t as t d
O nl .
*
on.

1. On Ocobe 20,
t r 2011ofi e sS.Loone a E.M uli s r hed
fc r
y nd
lns ea c
Howa d' c l a r po td fndi a 8-nc hom e a s nk, c Loone
r s e l nd e re i ng n i h,
m de hn whih
y
a M uli ha pr vi l plce t r ;
nd
lns d e ousy a d he e
2.On Oct r21 2011 Howa d fl d a e e ge y gre nc a
obe ,
,
r ie n m r nc iva e bout

ha ng s r c s pa nsand Def nda sV.Phi ,St t r Ln be qand
vi eve e he t i
e nt
pps aze , m r
Mc
Gowa deaye hi a es t m e c a s s m e orke t e ;
n l d s cc s o dial s e s nt
am nt

3.On Novembe 7,2011, l pas ofke sS. e ds W hie mt a
r
pil s t r Fil , s nht , nd
He d a t ke Howa d wih t pilpas bo c usng pt t r wot i hi l f
a tac d
r t he l s x, a i mc u e mds n s e t
f e r a c tnghi wrs, Sgt L. Phi s a d pe rs a on
or n m nd uti
s it and . B. pps pr ye ppe pr y
Ho r wihoutm e ca a horzai whieTa e s r ied.
wa d t
di l ut i ton, l t upe v s
4. A fe pr s of i i s m ongf ly r m oved H o a d f o t Com m o
t r i on f c al
ul e
w r r m he
n

Far Dit Quim Re dspr mie t cor c t mitke, fie t dos
e e, z ynol o s d o re t he sa but ald o o.
Asr i i t saci n, Howa d s e co pe aor a punii da a s.
elef n hi to
r e ks m ns t y nd
tve m ge 3
B. H ow ard' M oton f D ef t
s
i or aul

Ho r mo e f re tyofd fut u g n a an tDee d n J S az r( No 7 )
wa d v s o nr
ea lj d me t g is fn a t . tte ECF . 4 .
Howa d as e t t t ba ed ont r or t sdef nda hasf l t a a i t aci n wihi
r s rs ha , s
he ec d, hi e nt
aied o ppe r n he to t n

t tm ea l d f hi a
he i lowe or s ppea a e. St t rwaved s r c o M ay25,201 a t n ha 60
r nc
aze i
e vie n
2, nd he d
da fom M a 2,201 untlJ y 2,201 t fl atm ey r pons t Howa d' co pl nt
ys '
r
y
2
i ul
2 o ie i l es e o
r s m ai .
3 I hi compl nt Ho r as s ug ti un t r l fdi ci t a hebeta fre
n s
ai , wa d lo o h n ci ei r t h t
j ve e e ng
rnserd.
Becaus Howa d wastanser e fom Red Oni t W alensRi St t Pr s aferflng t s
e
r
r f rd r
on o
l
dge a e ion t ii hi

c mpai , sde n f ij ncier ifa anst Re Oninotc r n me i t sa to i moo.
o l nthi ma d ornu tv el g i the d o fies a d n hi cin s t
e
Se M ag ev. aes 8l F.d 45l( t Ci.1 ) Hi camsf rmon tr dn g s ho ve,s r ie
e e W tr , 0 2
4h r 987 . s li o
ea y ma e , we r u vv
hi r l ain.Se M a i v v. nd ron 5 2 F.d 1( Ci.1 )
s eoc to
e whnne He e s , 4 2 2d r 976 .
2

On J y 2,hec tg a ed ade e em oto f r30 a tona da t r s
ul t our r nt
f ns
in o
ddii l ys o e pond,a on Augus
nd
t
1 201 wihi t ttm em me,St t ra ot de e
, 2, t n ha i f
aze nd her f ndant fl ala we .Be us t r co d
s ied r ns r ca e he e r
t doe noti c t t Stt e i i de a t t c twilde Howar smoton f de a t
hus s
ndi a e hat a z r s n f ul, he our l ny
d'
i or f ul

j d me ta meils .
u g n s rte s
C. Howar sM oton t Dim isCl m 1
d'
i o s s ai

Ho r move , ls n t Rul 41a( oft Fe rlRul ofCi lPr edme t
wad
s ptrua t o e ()2) he dea es
vi oc
,o
dimisli c am a i tDefnda sS.Loone a E. uli .Ast ei vi sa et
s s ls l i gans
e nt
y nd M lns
hes ndi dual r he
o y de e nt i ntfed i Cli 1oft co pl nt t c t tue Ho r ss
nl f nda s de ii n am
he m ai ,he our consr s wa d' ubmison
si

a amo inf rv ln ayd s sa o Cli 1 fn a t ha en to j ce a t ec ur
s to o ou tr imis l f am .Dee d n s v o b e td, nd h o t
c n o fn ta te wil et u yprj d c db t rq e tdds o i o .Ac o dngy te
n n t i d h t h y lb md l eu ie y he e u se ip st n c r i l,h
i
c t ilgr ntHow a d' m o i f vol ar di m i s lofCl i 1 Be us H o ar a l ges
our w l a
r s ton or unt y s s a
a m . ca e w d le

no o he c am sa i tLoone a M uli , he wilbet r i t a pa te t t a ton,a
t r l i gans
y nd
lns t y l
e m naed s ris o he c i nd

Ho r smo inf rd f utud me t e adn t i cam ( No. 8 wil ed s s e a
wad' to o ea lj g n r g r ig h s li ECF 5 ) l b imis d s
m oot
.

D . Cl m 2: M e c N e
ai
di al eds
1. H ow ar sA le i ns
d' l gat o

Li r l c tue Howa d' f c u alegai c
be aly onsr d,
r s a t al l tons once i Cli 2 ofe t f l wi
m ng am
f r he olo ng
s nc ofe nt .On Ocobe 21 2011 a 7: am .Howa d c
eque e ve s
t r ,
, t 00 . ,
r omplt a e e ge y
eed n m r nc

g iv n eC1 ', a kn No 0 21 ,oif r me ia saf h th wa s fei sv r
re a c ERG' Trc ig . 3 21 t n o m d c l tf t a e s u frng e e e
)
c tpai a br a hi to e, c het
hes ns nd e t ng r ubl whih houghtmi be s
ght ympt sofam id he r a tc
om
l a t ta k.
he ec pt or
'
r
d
o
( No.1 p. 12, 12 J.Stt ersgnedt r ei f an ERG fom Howar on Oct ber
ECF
, 2; - pp. -) a z i
ocedtres equie t f o ie es
o nm e'
21 2011 ( No.1 1, 2) Pr z r r s af t w rt a r ponse t an i at sERG
, . ECF
- p.

and r tm li t hi wihi 8 hotr . W he De e
et t o m t n
ls
n f ndan M c wa c m et Howa d' c l a 7:
t Go n a o
r s e l t 45

am.Ho r a k dM c wa t tk h m t me ia i u lt h smi h at ta k'a d
. , wad s e Go n o a e i o dc lû e o i l e r atc ' n
dl
d
M c o a s d t tH owa d m us be ali be a e he wasyeli . (
G w n ai ha
r
t
rght c us
lng ECFNo. .
4
31)

N o o fom t me c uni c m et c k Ho d' pule, ood pr s e or
ne r he di al t a o hec
war s s bl
es ur ,

t mpe atr a no onepe f m e a ec a di a . W he Ho d ha notr c ve a
e r tle, nd
ror d n hoc r ogr m
n war d
e ei d
r pons t t ERG oram e c las esm e byt te ri he fl as condERG a 7:
es e o he
di a s s nt ha velng, ied e
t 45
p. . Two ntr ese m i Howa d lt rt tni , ot hi a
m
ls xn ned
r ae ha ght f md m mbultng i hi cel t hi
a i n s l, ook s
via sg ,a r e r d hi t s Dr M c i .The docore
t l i ns nd ef re m o ee . Brde
t xami Howa d o Oc obe 23,
ned
r n t r
2011a pr c i d ba a pii t t ot t'
nd es rbe by s rn o û ec'Howa d' he r.
pr
r s a ts
On Oc obe 26,2011 VikiPhi r c i d Ho d' Oc o r21 2011i o m a
t r
, c
pps e e ve
war s t be ,
nf r l
c
ompli ta
a n boutt l c ofr pons t hi 7: mm .ERG.Phi r ponde t tt m e ca
he a k es e o s 00
pps es
d ha he di l

d p rme th dn rc r o rc ii ERG 0 21 o Oco r21 2 1 ( No 1 1 p.1)
e a t n a o e o d f e evng
3 21 n tbe , 01 . ECF . - , .
St t e t d Ho dt the r me be edt ki Howa d' 7: a. .ERG t t medialt ta
a z r ol wm' ha
e m r a ng
r s 00 m
o he
c mi nd
gi ng i t amediala i sr t ,butdi no r m e rwho t tpe s wa . W hen Howa d
vi t o
c dm nita or
d t e mbe
ha r on s
r
tld ar ulrg i va a
ie eg a re nce boutt l c ofr pons t ERG 03 21, hewa de nle t
he a k es e o
21 t
r n l d he
gre nc E OUNDED'be a et ERG wa no r tm l d t Howa d wihi t pr s rbe
iva e T
' c us he
s t el e o
r t n he e c i d
tme fa
i r me.

Howar al gest tt de e nt kne he ha ahit y ofhe r toubl be or Oc obe
d le ha he f nda s w
d sor
a tr e f e t r
2011 i udi t pro he r a t ks i 1 a 2005.Howm. c pli t tbe a eno
, ncl ng wo i r a t tac , n 997 nd
d om a ns ha c us

4 Thec r n e ta Ho r smoi frsmmayj gme tbe r smersmblnc t te
ou t ots h t wad' ton o u r ud n as o ee a e o h
f r c antdei d i Rul 1 ( )oft Fe r l e o Ci lPr e u e, t n
o m ompli fne n e 0 a he de a Ruls f vi oc d r wih umbe e paa p
r d r pa hs
sa i s ct f csa ans s cfcd fnd n s Thi d ume ti n tsg du rp nat ofpej r
ttng pe i a t g i t pe ii e e a t . s oc n s o ine nde e ly
k
ru y,
buti t s rtoflber l consr ng a pr K ltga ' pl ngs Ercks v.Par ,551U . 89,94
n he pii i aly
tui
o ii nts eadi , i on
dus
S.
.

( 00 ,tec ur ha rle on ia Ho r sce r tsae n ofhi alg dcai .
2 7) h o t s e id t s wad' laes ttme t s le e l ms
Som e ofHowa ss
rd' ubmi sonsalege t t doct pr rbed baby ms rn f Howa d t
si
l hat he
or esc i
pii or
r wo
daysbef e,r he t n t daysafer t Oct 2l,2011i de .
or at r ha wo
t , he ober
nci nt

4

one r s nde wihi 8hotr t t 7: am .
e po d t n
ts o he 00 . ERG t t kehi vialsgnsorr n t s s no onewil
oa
s t i
u e t,
l

e rû
ve i
know i ( ha amidhea t tac a 7: a. on'Ocobe 21, 1
f hel d l r at k t 00 m. ' t r 201 .
2. A pplcabl Law
i e

toualfe i
ç iid mmuniypr tcsofke swhoc
t oe t t r
ommiconsiutonalvi ai butwho,i
t tt i
oltons
n
lghtofcla l e t bls d l w,c d r as na y bele t tt i a tonswe el ul' He y
i
e ry sa ihe a oul e o bl ive ha her ci
r awf .' nr

v. mll, 5 F.d 5 4, 31(t Ci. 01 )(ii S u irv. t, 3 U. 1 4, 6( 0 )
Pt el6 2 3 2 5 4h r 2 1 ctng a ce Kaz 5 3 S. 9 20 2 01,

o e ze i pat yPe ro v. l ha , 5 U. 2 3( 0 9 Quaiidi ni as
v m ld n r b a s n Cal n 5 5 S. 2 2 0 :. lfe mmu t lo
a
y
pr e t ofk e swho ar s d f c
ot c s t r
e ue or onduc t tdoesnotvi a et pli tf sc tm tona
t ha
olt he a n if onsi i l
rght . Sa e ,5 U. a 201 Thus t c tunde tke at se i uiy t addr s a
i s ucir 33 S. t .
, he our
ra s wo-t p nq r o
es

quaiidi miydefns ()whehe t pl ntf salgai saeacam t tdee nt'
lfe mmt t e e: a
t r he ai if le tons tt li ha fnda s

c n u t iltdac nsi i n l rsauo yrg t a i s ( wh t e t t ih wa ce ry
o d c vo ae o t o a o tt tr ih ; nd f o,b) eh r ha rg t s lal
mt
e tbls d. Sa e ,533 U. at206.
sa ihe
ucir
S.
l t c tde e mi st tt f c sale dono s
f he our t r ne ha he a t lged
t how t tt ofi e ' c
ha he tc rs onduc
t

v oae ac nsi to a rg t te t emo a t se tte t s mmayj g n o tego n o
i ltd o t u in l ih ,h n h v n i nild o u r ud me t n h ' u d f
t
r
qua ii i
lfed mmuniy. I a 201 l s h c es dico r i no a opra e Si e tv.Gil y,
t d. t . n uc as , s ve y s t ppr it . eg r
le

5 0U. 2 , ( 9 1 .
0 S. 26 231 1 9 )
To pr t tt c ls ofm e c lte t nther ceve a
ove ha he otr e
di a r a me
e i d mount d t a c tt to l
e o onsiui na
vi ai n,a i aem us s w t tpe s lt whos c r hewa c
ol to n nm t
t ho ha r onne o
e ae
s omm itd e bie
te xhi t d
ç i r t i fe e e't hi ts rousm e ca nee - Ese l v.Gnmbl 429 U. 97 1
l be ae ndif r nc ' o s te i
del
di l ds' tle
'
e,
S. , 04-

1 6( 9 6 . Plitf mus alg fcsd mo taigt t o j ciey, ee d n ' û cso
0 1 7 ) an if t le e a t e nsrtn ha, b e tv l d fn a ts t t r
a

o sin g r)s f e tyh r u, ta ted fn a tsc nd c c u e s ro ij r o
miso s wee u t n l nmf l' h t h ee d n ' o u t a s d eius nu y r
ki
'
a a ton orde e i r to ofa e s i m ed c c ton. I a 1 A n o f c r a t w 11
ggr va i
t ro ai n
n xi tng
i al ondii
d. t 06.
f i e c s 1:
ç lbe a e i f e e e 'i he u w sofa di r ar a e es i rs t i a e he t or
é i r t ndif r nc ' f kno
de
nd s eg ds n xc s ve i k o nm t alh

s ft 'Fa me v.Br nna 511U. 825,837( 994 .Anofii ' i e i a toromiso
aey. r r e n,
'
S.
1 )
fcals ntntonal c
sin
t tme el de a a i ae' ac es t nec s a y me c lc r m a sa ea c tt to lc am ,
ha r y l ys n nm t s c s o e s r di a a e y tt onsiu i na l i

butonl i pli if s
y f a ntf howst tt de e ntsc
ha he f nda ' onduc r s t i s t ntalhn m t t
t e uled n ubsn i r o he

p te t W e bv. miu lh 28 F. p' 1 9 1 6( t Ci. 0 8 (iigoh rc s s.
ain . b Hn d la , 1 Ap x 5 , 6 4h r 2 0 ) ctn te a e )
3. D i c s on
s us i

Ho r ha mo e f rs mmayj d me ta an tDee d nsS az r La e tV.
wa d s v d o u r u g n g is fn a t tte, mb r,

Php , n M c wa a t Cli 2.Th s d fnd nsh v mo e f rs mmayj d me t n
ips a d Go n s o am
e e ee a t a e v d o u r u g n o
t g o ofq lfe i
he r und uaii d mmuniy. Be us Howa d' f c ua al ga i a al r s bl
t
ca e
r s a t l le tons nd l ea ona e
i e e esfom t e a lga i do no s ppor atndi t ta oft de e
nf r nc r hos le tons
tu
t i ng ha ny he f ndan s a ons
t ' di

c u e hi h r ted fn a t aee tte t sl r u g n o t g omdo q aiid
a s d m a m,h ee d n s r n ild o l
mmayj d me t n he r t f u l e
f
i t t bef eco plton ofdico r
mm miy or m e i
s ve y.
Ho r sa l a i do nots
wa d' leg tons
uppor acai t ta nede e hi me c lc r . He
t l m ha nyo
ni d m di a a e
a ist tntr e r s nde t hi Oc o r21 2011 c
dm t ha ls s e po d o s t be ,
, ompl i sa tc s pa nwihi t
ant bou he t i t n he
da evaua e hi condii a r f r e hi t s eadocorwihi af w days Howa d' bei f
y, l t d s
ton, nd e e r d m o e
t
t n e
.
r s le
t tt nm s s d havepe f m e a EKG o t ke o he t ssi no hi m or t n a
ha he
es houl
ror d n
r a n t r e t s t ng
e ha

dia ee ntwiht c ls ofte t ntwhih i notacina eunde j1
sgr me t he otre r ame , c s
to bl
r 983.Se W rM v.
e iht

Coln , 6 F.d 8 , 49( t Ci. 9 5 .
lis 7 6 2 41 8 4h r 1 8 )
Ho r alo ha no c tt i lrg t r eve ar pons t hi ERG wili 8hom s
wa d s d
onsiutona iht o ec i
es e o s
tln
.

Thef tt ts e vi a e ERG pr e le by f ii t r s
ac ha om one olt d
oc dtr s a lng o e pond wihi t m a t d tm e
t n he nda e i
pe i i, m os,avi ai n ofsaer gultons wli h i nota c tt i lvi a i a i
rod s at t olto
tt e a i , lc s
onsiutona olton nd s

no a i eunde j 1
t ctonabl
r 983. W elrv. p'ofSocilSe vc s 901F. 387,392( h Ci.
le De t
a r ie ,
2d
4t r

1 9 ) Mo e v r Ho r o fr noa to iyo whihh c udb i acvl ci nf rd ma e
9 0 . r o e, wa d fes uh rt n c e o l rng i ia to o a g s

6

agans prs ofk il f vi a i ofgre nc pr edlr orf desr c i n ofa gre nc
i t ion t a s or oltons
iva e oc zes or tu to
iva e
f m.
or

Howar prmarl ar st tdef nda s alege c
d i iy gue ha e nt ' l d onduc de a d hi ac es t m e ca
t l ye s c s o di l
a tnton. Thi a p l e f l t s t a co tt i lcl i be us H ow a d of e s no e de e
te i
s r m nt ais o t e
nsim ona a m ca e
r fr
vi nc

t tdefnda s a tonsha me hi . Ot rt n hi own belef ,
ha e nt ' c i
r d m
he ha s
i s Howa d ale no f t on
r lges ac s
whih he c d e t bls t thes f r d ahea ta uck o a ot rs rousme c e ge y
c
oul sa ih ha
ufe e
r t
r ny he e i
di al mer nc
on Oc o r21 2011 l i co mon knowldget tt c s pan and br a hi to eHowa d
t be ,
. ts m
e
ha he he t i
e t ng r ubl
r
a lgedl c
le y ompl ne oft tmor ng a enotne es a y i cai ofahea ta tc a m a
ai d ha
ni r
c s dl ndi tve
r ta k nd y
a s a a wih o he co tons s h asi ge ton. Howa d al gest twhe ntr es
lo ppe r t t r ndii , uc
ndi si
r le ha
n ls
e ua e hi c to i t e ni ofOc o r21 2011 t y f t dno me c lne d f
val t d s ondii n n he ve ng
t be ,
, he om
di a e or
e e ge te t ta m e el r f re hi t s et doc or Howa d doe notalegeor
m r ncy r a men nd r y e e r d m o e he t .
r
s
l
pr e a e de e t t a t r e m i ng hi on Oct r23, 1, he doc orm a a fndi
es nt ny vi nc ha , fe xa ni
m
obe
201 t
t
de ny i ng

t tHo r ha a t ly s f r d ahea ta tc ort thehad s f r a o he hn m fom t
ha wa d d c ua l ufe e
r ta k ha
ufe ed ny t r r r he
de a i pr di hi me c a tnton on Oc obe 21, 1.Howar a ist tt onl
l y n ovi ng m dial te i
t r 201
d dm t ha he y
team e tt doc o al ge y pr de wa apr c i ton f baby a pii apr ve a i
r t n he t r le dl ovi d s es rp i or
s rn, e nt tve
r gi n t tHowa d ha f l d ye r be or . Thus Ho r sf c uala lga i do not
e me ha
r d olowe a s f e
, wa d' a t le tons

s
how t ta dea c us d by def nda s aci nsr ule i a s t ta ha m t hi a
ha ny ly a e
e nt ' to es t d n ny ubsnn i l r o m, s
r quie t sa ea Ei h Am e
e r d o t t n ght
ndme cai i t sc e .W e 281F.App' a 1 67.
nt l m n hi ont xt
bb,
x t 66A sH ow a d' a l ga i i Cl m 2 t f i t s a e a c tt t o lc a m a i ta of
r s le tons n ai
hus a l o t t ons iu i na l i ga ns ny

t de e nt nn d, he ede e nt a ee il t qua ii i
he f nda s me t s f nda s r ntted o lfed mmuniyund t frtf ce of
t
er he is a t

t eS u irp o e me a tec u t l g a th i moin f rsl r j d me to ti
h a ce r c d , nd h o r wi r n ter to s o l
l
mma y u g n n h s

7

S t
g o 6 533 U . . a 206. Fort s mer a on,Ho r f l t d m onsr t t tar s bl
r und.
he n e s
wa d ais o e
ta e ha ea ona e

j r rc u dfn i h sfvo o h sme ia cam, n a s c Ho r ' o moinf r
u o o l i d n i a r n i dc l li a d s u h, wad s wn to o
s mmayj g n mu tb d ne a t Cli 2 eAn es nv. b ryLo b l .4 7
u r ud me t s e e id s o am .Se d ro Lie t b v.nc, 7
U. 2 2, 2( 98 ) Fial b c u eHo r fist alg t t e e d n sPhp , tte ,
S. 4 25 1 6 . n l e a s wa d al o le e ha d f n a t ips Saz r
y,
Mc
Gowa orLa r we epe s ly i l d i anyoft ot rc tt ina vi a i
n,
mbe t r r ona l nvo ve n
he he onsiuto l oltons
a lgedi t saci n, heco twildie tt ce k t tr na et m aspa tes
le
n hi to t
ur l r c he lr o e mi t he
ri .
E. Cl m 3: Exc s ve For
ai
es i
ce

I i wele t bls d t tprs ofi a s %l c s r a wa on i lc i ofpan'on
t s l sa ihe ha ion fcil ' hnne es a y nd nt nfiton
i '
a i ae rs st t lvelofaco tt i lvi a i W hil v v.Al r ,475 U. 31 31
n nm t ie o he e
nsiutona olton.
te
be s
S. 2, 9

( 986) a ogae onot rgrundsbyW iki v. ddy,
1 , br td
he o
l ns Ga

U.
S.

,1 S.Ct 11 ( 0)
30
. 75 201 .

W h n a imaealg st a o t r usde e sv f r e t ec ur a k :()wh t e o t as
e n n t l e h t f s e xc s ie o c ,h o t s s a eh r fkil,
e
ke
s b e tv l , p le f retnag o fi ef r t man ano r so ed s il o maii u l
u j ciey a pid o c û o d at fo to iti r e tr icpi r l o sy
i
h
ne
c
a ds d sial f rtev r p r o eo c usnghn ' W hte , 7 U. a 3 0- , n (
n a itc ly o h ey u p s f a i nns ily 4 5 S. t 2 21 a d b)
'
whe he t f ce a i d w a E rvi l' W iki ,1 S.Ct a 1
t r he or pple
si
nonti a .
' l ns 30
. t 779. The r e tf c or t
el van a t s o

c i ri t si lr ae:( )t ne df a i to off ce ( t r l ins pbewe nt
onsde n hi nqtiy r 1 he e or pplcain or ,2) he eato hi t e he

n e a dt ea u t ff r eta wa us d ( ) h e tn o t eij r , 4 tet ra ra o a y
e d n h mo n o o c h t s e , 3 t e x e t f h n u y ( ) h h e t e s n bl
pec ie b t r s o sbeofcasb s do tefcsk o t t e a ( )a ye frsma e
rev d y he e p n il fiil a e n h a t n wn o h m, nd 5 n fo t d
6 Phi s a r ser nur e, s isan aY davi i s
PP , egit ed s ubm t
t n upportofhermoton f s mar
i or um
y

j d me ti whc s esmmaie Ho r ' me ia rc r s ( No 2 , x. )Th rc r s
u j n,n ih h u rz s wads dc le od . ECF . 5 E A. e e od

i ca et N ur e Scot exam i Howa d i r pons t hi com pl ntofches pai a 7: p. .on
ndl t hat s
t
ned
r n es e o s
ai
t n t 00 m
Oc obe 21 2011. She not t tHowa d w asnoti acut dites ,deni l sofcons ous s naus
t r ,
ed ha
r
n
e sr s
ed os
ci nes ,
ea,
cough,vom ii s tng,and f r. Scot t Howar svialsr s a bas on t r uls di not
tng, wea i
eve
t ook
d' t i , nd ed he es t , d
per or an EKG,butdi r f hi t s t physci On Oct 25,2011,t doct not t
f m
d e er m o ee he
i an.
ober
he
or ed hat
H owar com pl ned t tf t pas week,afe a c lchange,he had e i d r r ches pai
d
ai ha or he t
tr el
xperence ecur ent t n,
l tng f aboutam i e. Upon exa i ng How a d,t doct not no unus physcalsgnsor
asi or
nut
m ni
r he
or ed
ual
i i

ma i sain .Hen tdta Ho r c mpan do mi e iaki p i wi o t a o n ue .Th
nf tto s
e
oe h t wad o lie f l yg s c an t u g s r a sa e
d
h

doct pr crbed r tf ches pai a Ent rc coa ed as rn 81m ii am soncea da f 12 m ont .
or es i es or
t n nd e i t
pil
lgr
y or
hs
On t sr d,t cour i s ifed t tnone oft def nda svi at How a d' consiutonalrght by
hi ecor he
t s ats i ha
he e nt ol ed
r s
tt i
i s
del ng hi acces t m edi ca e f a s i medialnee on Oct
ayi s
so
cal r or erous
c
d
ober21,20l1.Neverhel s,t
t es he

c ur grn st emoto f rs mma yj me ta t Cli 2 o t g o nd o qu lfe i
o t at h
ins o u r udg n s o am n he r u f a iid mmuni
t
y.
8

t tmpe t s rt ofaf ceulr pons .L=a 321 i he prs ofiil malei l a
o e r he eveiy
or f es e d t . t n ion fcas i ousy nd
W
s ditcal us f r et c us hn m,c e
a si ly e o c o a e r ont mpor r sa r ofde e y a waysar
a y t nda ds
c nc l
e

v oae . . eh ro n t irfc n ij r i e ie t' Hu o , 0 U. . t9( mp a i
i ltd. . wh te r o szl ia t nu y s vd n . ds n 5 3 S a e h ss
i
'
a d d.
d e)
Li a l c t i Howa d' s iso co nlng t e t a is i Cl i 3,
ber ly onsrung
r s ubm s i ns nce i he ven s t s ue n am he
pr s nt t f l ngf t a lga i . On Nove r7,2011 whe hewasonl tyi t g t
e e s he olowi acual le tons
mbe
, n
y r ng o e
hi me c ton dm i pilpas ,Sgt L. Phi a Ofi e sFi l ,Hea a W hie mt
s di a i
ng l s . B. pps nd fc r eds
d, nd
s nht
a tc hi w11 t pilpas box,a naisfom t box puncur d li l tf e r a c hi
ta ked m 11 he l s
nd l r he
t e ls ef or a m nd ut s
wrs. Howa d alo al ge t tSgt Pli ,kno ngHowa d hasashm a t n a i ser d
it
r s le s ha . lpps
wi
r
t , he dm nit e
pe rs a wihou mediala ho ia i Howa d al ge t tass pe v sng ofi e o t
ppe pr y t t
c ut rz ton.
r le s ha
u r ii
fc r n he
s e De e ntTae di notpr e tHowm' fom t us soff r eby hi s di t ofk e s
c ne, f nda
t d
ot c
d r he e
oc
s ubor nae t r .
I a ton t s a son li wrs,
n ddii o c r
ls it Howa d al gedl s f e a ashm aa tc a coughe bl
r le y ufer d n t
ta k nd
d ood
a ar s toft i i nt
s e ul he ncde .

The c tc udest ton t f c ofhi s iso ,
our oncl
ha
he a e
s ubm s i ns Howar ha a lged s t i t
d s le
ufk en
f c st sae apos i eEi h Ame m e vi a i t s vve de e nt 'i tala s ri n of
a t o tt
sbl ght
nd nt olton o ur i
f nda s nii s e to
qua iid i
lfe mmuniy.Ta n i t lg mos f vo a et hi ,
t
ke n he i ht t a r bl o m Howa d a lgest thewa no
r le
ha
s t

po iga ytr a wh nt eo tc r p r osl ijle hi am wi t ep lpa sb xa s ry d
sn n i e t e h fi es u p ey nt d s r t h il s o nd p a e
l
r
h
hi wih ma ,whih agg a t hi a t
m t ce
c
r vaed s shma.Unde s h cic l sa s t s ofk e sc d
r uc r zm t nce , he e t r oul
no ç ea o bl be i ve t tt i a tons w e e l u .' H e y,652 F. a 531 The ef r t
t t s na y le ha he r c i
r
r awf l' nr
3d t .
r o e, he

c u t o ld st thes c rt d fn a t' to frsl r j g n mu t ede id o
o r c ncu e ha t e u iy ee d ns moi n o l
mma y ud me t s b ne n
t gr md ofqua ii i lniy ast Cli 3.
he ot
lfed mm l t
o am
D e enda sha s it d e de e a
f
nt ve ubm te vi nc boutH ow a d' a to on N ove be 7, 1,a
r s c i ns
m r 201 nd
ar t tt de s h cic s a es t i us off c a i thi r pr s nt a good f ih
gue ha m r uc r um t nc , he r es or e ga ns m e e e ed
at

9

e f t or sor or a di notvi a ehi co tt i lrght. Be or a e sng de e
for t e t e der nd d
olt s nsiutona i s f e ddr s i
f ndant'
s

mo inf rsl r u g n o t emeiso Ho r se c siefr ecam, o v r t
to o l
mmayj d me t n h rt f wad' x e sv oc li h we e ,he
c t l diec t m t r s ndt Ho r spr rdico r r quessr a e t Cli 3. To
our wil r t he o e po o wa d' ope s ve y e t elt d o am

t a e d tec u t l tk d fn n s mo inf rs mma yj d me tu d ra vie n , e y
h t n ,h o r wiln e ee da t' to o u r u g n n e d s me t d n
de e nt 'm oto f pr e tveor r a s tadic r s dul
f nda s
i ns or ot ci
de , nd e
s ove y che e.
Def nda s afi visdipu i Howar sal gai ofe es i f cepr cl
e nt ' fda t s tng
d' le tons xc sve or
e ude

Ho r smo inf rs mma yj g n o Cli 3.Th c u t l d n h smoi n
wad' to o u r ud me t n am
e o r wil e y i to .
F.C l m 4: Re i ousD i tI s s
ai
lgi
e s ue

Th c ur fn sta Cli 4mu tb ds se fo t sa to wi o t eu c .
e o t id h t am
s e imis d r m hi cin t u prj die
h
AlhoughHowadme i Qui Re dsi t G fi vi'whihs t outCli 4,
t
r ntons nn ynol n he t fda t' c es
a
am
c eni Howad' rlgi di ,Howa ddi noti ntf Quim Reynol asadefnda i
onc r ng
r s ei ous et
r d
de iy l
ds
e nt n

t et l o hsc mp an , srq ie u e Rue 1 () Ac o dngy, nt ed c e,h c u t i
h ie f i o lit a e ur d nd r l 0a . c r i l o h o k tt e o r dd
t
notde i t Re dsasade e nta di no a tmpts r ie ofpr es on hi .Thus
sgna e ynol
f nda nd d t te
e vc
oc s
m
,
Re dsi no apa t t t sc e.M or ove ,
ynol s t ry o hi as
e r Howa d doesnotal a cl m t tt
r
lege ny ai ha he
de e nt who a ec r nty pa tesi t c eha a pe s
f nda s
r ure l ri n he as d ny r onali ve nti Howa d'
nvol me n
r s

r lgo d e p o lms Se 28U. C. 1 5 b ( )(uho iigs mma yd s sa wh r
eiius it r b e . e
S. j 91 A( )1 a t rzn u r imis l ee
alegainsf lt saecai o whihr lefc nbegrnt .
l to ai o tt l m n c ei a
a ed)

Thec u ta s u iil oieo t ef c ta Ho r hm r ie ane ryie tc l
o r tke j dca n tc f h a t h t wad s as d al d n ia
r l iusd e cam i aspaaej 1 8 c mp an , i di J l 2 2 Ho r v. e sn . t a.
ei o it li n e rt 9 3 o lit fl n uy 01 , wad Pla a t e. 1,
g
e
Cas No. 1
e 7:2CV00321.l t ne c e,
n he w as Howads sQui Re ds Ofke C.Tilr a
r ue nn ynol , t r
le , nd
Red Oni n Food Se v ce D ie orJ m e W a ove t i a l ge i ve e i t s pe i
o
ri
r ct n s de r he r le d nvol m nt n he us ns on

ofHowa d' Co mon Fa e Di ta ori f lngt c r c m it kest tl dt iss pe i
r s m
r e nd/ n aii o ore t sa ha e o t us nson.

10

Unde t s c r lm sa es t c t i i a opraet s
r he e icl t nc ,he our fnds t ppr i t o umm a iy dim isCli 4
rl s s a m

fo ti lws i wi o t rj dc .Th sd s o iinla e Ho r fe t pzs ehi rlgo s
r m h s a ut t u p eu ie i ip sto e v s wad r e o l u s ei iu
h
r
ditcai i li o he c vi a ton.
e l m n ls t r i l c i
G.Co l in
nc us o

Fort sae r a ons t co tgr nt Howar sm o i n f rvol ar dim is lofCli
he t td e s , he ur a s
d' to o
unt y s s a
am

1 g a t d fn a t' to f rsz r u g n o teg omdo q aiid i mi a t
, r ns ee d ns moins o l
mmayj d me t n h rt f u lfe mmt t s o
y
Cli 2 d nistes c rt d fn a t' to f rsl r j d me to t eg omdo
am ; e e h e u i e e d n s moin o l
y
mmay u g n n h r t f
q aiidi nt a t Cli 3; n d s se Cli 4wi o tp eudc t Ho z spls i
u l e mmu iy s o am a d imiss am
f
t u rj ie o wad' t ut
h
r
ofhi sm ia cai i hi o he pe ng cvi a ton.Ast t me isofCl m 3,hec t a
s i lr l m n s t r ndi i l c i
o he rt
ai t our t kes

t es c rt d fnd n s mo inf rsz r u g n t e a v s me ta dd nister
h e u iy ee a t' to o lmma yj d me t md r d ie n n e e h i

moinsf rp oe t eo d ra wela Ho r smo in frs mmayj dg n a dd ful
to o r tci r e s l s wad' to s o u r u me t n ea t
v
j d me t Ana p o raeo d ra t t e ema tr wil su t sd y i whc t ec u t l
u g n.
p r p it r e s o h s te s l is e hi a ,n ih h o r wil
alo a e sHowa d' motonsr ga di d s ve y a s ta dic r s he e.
s ddr s
r s i e r ng ico r nd e
s ove y c dul
TheClr i die t d t s nd c esoft sm e a lm opi on a a ompa ng
e k s r c e o e opi
hi mor nd l
ni nd cc
nyi
or rt pl ntf .
de o ai i f

ENTER:Ths 1 d yo Dee e, 2012.
i % a f cmb r
Chi Unie Stt Diti tJ
ef t d aes src udge

11