Thomas et al v. Carmeuse Lime & Stone, Inc.

Filing 38

MEMORANDUM OPINION. Signed by Judge James C. Turk on 12/17/12. (sas)

I THE UNI
N
TED STATES DI
STRI COURT
CT
FO R THE W ESTERN DI
STRI O F VI
CT
RGI A
NI
R OANOK E DI SI
VI ON

rdw/œs OFFIE U,:.D/ .
C
ATROANOK ST COURT
E,
VA
FI
LED

BEC 1. 2 1
' 22
7
a
u
BY:

JUSTI D.THO M AS &
N
I
RENE S.THO M AS,

Cas No. 7: 2- ve : 1 c 0041 JCT
3-

Pl i if ,
antfs

c, uoLR cu x
urx
EPLTY cLERI
J
<

M FM OM NRUM OPI ON
NI
By:Jam e C .Tur
s
k
Seni U nie St t sD i t i tJudge
or
td a e src

CARM EUSE LI E & STONE,I ,
M
NC.
and

O- M I
N NEM LS (
CHEM STONE)
COM PANY,
De e nt.
f nda s

)
)
)
)

Thi ma tri be or t Cour o t De e n s M o i n t Dim isPl i if '
s te s f e he
t n he f nda t ' to o s s antfs
Am e d Compl i .ECF N o.33. antfsfl d ar s
nde
ant
Pl i if îe e pons ,ECF No.34,a De e n sfl d
e
nd f nda t ie
a R e y,ECF N o. The Cour hea d a g e on t m o i on N ove be 29,201 a t
pl
35.
t r r um nt he ton
m r
2, nd he

m a tri now rpe f de i i Fort r as nss tf rh be o De e nt 'M o i t Dim is
te s
i or c son.
he e o e o t l w, f nda s ton o s s
t Am e
he
nded Compl i ,ECF No.33, sDENI .
ant
i
ED Addii ly,wih t ag ee e of
tona l t he r m nt

Pli tfs c u e a e p e sda teh a ig Plitfs rq e tf raPrlmi r Ij n to ,
anif' o ns l s x r se t h e rn , anif ' e u s o
ei nay nu cin
pr vi l tke unde advie nt i DI I
e ousy a n
r
s me , s SM SSED W I OUT PREJUDI AS M OO T. To
TH
CE
1
t extntt ta gum e ss tf rh i De enda Car e e' M o i t Di mist orgi l
he e ha r
nt e o t n f nt m us s ton o s s he i na
Compl i ,ECF N o.1 a t r lt d bre i r ma n ge manea trt flng oft Am e d
ant
9, nd he ea e i fng e i r
fe he ii
he
nde
Co pl nt t ea gum e sa e a es e he en. TheM o i t Dim ist Orgi
m ai , hos r
ton o s s he i nal
nt r ddr s d r i 2
1Asexpl ned by Pl ntfs'couns ,teAme d dCo lit e v sa yrq et o ijn t e
ai
ai if
el h
n e mpan rmo e n e u s fr nu ci
v

r if tus u rt Ame e ComplitPlitfsn ln rse aprlmi r lj ci
ele;h , nde he nd d
an, anif o o ge e k ei nay nun ton.

2 Specik aly, t orgna M o int Dimis(ie o yb Ca me e stf rht e a g n s
t l he ii l to o s s fld nl y r us ) e o t hr e r ume t.
Fis,Ca m eus a gued t tCount One and Two f l t sa ea s t i cl m f r i be et
rt r
er
ha
s
aied o t t ubsantve ai or elef caus hey

o yr q se ij cier le .S c nd,tc n e de t tt Co ant ss b e tt d s s a be a e
nl e ue td n un tv eif e o i o t n d ha he mpli wa u j c o imis l c us

Compli ,ECF No.1 , i ot r s DENI AS M O OT.
ant
9 s he wie
ED

FACTUAL AND PRO CEDUR AL BACK GROUND
A . Fac ualBackgr
t
ound

Ass tf t i t Cour ' prorOr i t sc s , t Pl n if J tn D.Thom a &
e orh n he
ts i
der n hi a e he aitfs usi
s

l e S.
r ne Thom a ,r i nt ofOhi own ce t n r lpr ry c itng ofa oxi a ey 1
s esde s
o,
rai ea ope t onssi
ppr m t l 90

a rsi Bu h n n, r i i (t ePr p r ',n Boeo r Co mt ,d n iidb c t yrc r s
ce n c a a Vig n a dh o e Y ) i ttu t t y ie tfe y omt e o d
t
a p o 4 - 2o teTa Ma Th Pr p ryicu e a o dso h u e(t eSo eHo s '
s lt 3 2 n h x p. e o e t n l d s n l tne o s Gh tn u e),
t
whi h i f d by ane r y nam als i a num e ousout l ng orf
c se
ab t
prng, nd
r
buidi s ounda i fom
tons r

o buidi .ECFNo.25,Ame
ut l ngs
ndedCo ant( r i tr<Am.Compl' !9. co di t
mpli he enafe t
.) Ac r ng o
'
t a fda tofPli if 'pr f r t r t St neHous ti a e e lnt a r r e mpl
he fi vi
antf s ofe ed xpe q he o
e és n xc le , nd a e, xn e
of1 t c t y c o alAm e i a ar hie t e. ECF No. De . Da e B. Thor !3.ti
8 h en ur ol ni
rc n c t c ur '
'
4, cl of ni l
p Is

Sa e'nt sns t tc onilstlr di notfeq ntybuidsonehous s 1 !!3- Noone
t r 'i he e e ha ol a e tes d r ue l l t
r
e .d. 4.
c r ty r i si t St Hous a i a r nty hasnotbee oc upi f rs etme.
uren l esde n he one
e, nd t ppa e l
n c ed o om i
De e ntCa us Li e & St i a D e a a e co po a i w ih isprnc pa pl c of
f nda
nne e m
one s
l w r r r ton t t i i l a e

busnes i Pitbur Pe yl a. townsa oper t a lm e t m i ngpl ntt ti
i s n ts gh, nns vani l
nd
aes i sone ni
a ha s

a j c n t Plitfs p o e t De e d n O- M ieas( e tne Co a yi awh l d a e t o an if' r p ry. fn a t N n r l Ch mso ) mp n s ol
y
owne s i a y ofCa meus a hol ttet a l s apori oft soneoft Pr pery.3
d ubsdir
r
e nd ds il o t ea t
ton he t
he o t

Plitfsf ie t na O- ( mso )M i r l Co n asade e a ta t tO- wa a
an if ald o me N Che t ne neas mpa y
fnd n nd ha N s n
i s
ndipensi e pa t Thid and fnaly,Canneus s
bl ry. r
i l
e oughtdim isalon t gr
s s
he oundst Pl ntfsalege i
hat ai if l n

t Co ant h iCa me e' rg t aer titd b a 1 49De d, utt tDe donyplc s
he mpli t a r us s ih s r esrce y n 8
e b ha e l a e
r t itonson m i ng i t St Hous i occ ed,and Pl ntfsha notaleged t tt St House
esrc i
ni f he one
e s upi
ai if ve
l
ha he one
i oc ed.Thefr tt oft et eear
s cupi
is wo hes hr gument wer m oot by t flng ofPl ntf s Am e
s e
ed he ii
ai if '
nded

Complit whih rmo dt s p rt c n ss e i ij ncier le a d as a de O- M i rl a a
an s c e ve he e a ae ou t e kng n u tv eif n lo d d N nea s s
pary.The fnalar
t
i
gumenti t orgi m oton t dim is i notm oot by t flng oft Amended
n he i nal i o s s s
ed he ii
he
Compl ntand i addr s her n.
ai
s
es ed ei

3Alho h i rc nie t a o yO- M i r s(n n tCa me e a t al o t emi rl
t ug t e og z s h t nl N neal a d o r us ) c u l wns h ne a
y
rght on t Pr t t Cour r er t t Def nt cole i y he ei
i s he opery, he
t ef s o he enda s l ctvel r n.

Thediput be wee t pa tesc
s e t n he ri once nst e e ofDe e nt rght t m i
r he xtnt
f nda s' i s o ne
lm e t on t Pr pe t . Forpu pos soft sM oto t Dimis t Cou twila c ptastue
i sone he o ry
r e
hi
i n o s s , he
r l ce
r

t wel- e ded al ga i oft Am e d Com pl nt fld Oc o 1 201 ECF N o. 25.I
he lpl a
le tons he
nde
ai , ie
t ber 9, 2.
n
t i Am e d Co pl nt t Pl ntfsal t ta inde t ede ' xec edi 18 (t
her
nde
m ai , he ai if l ha n é ntt ed'e ut n 49 ihe
ege
i
r
t

1 De 'i t be nni ofDee t c noftte.Tha de ds verdt lmet on
849 ed' s he gi ng
)
fndans' hai il
t e e e he i sone
t Pr pe t c e tng as pa a ee tt i t sone.4I t n c
he o ry, r a i
e r t sa e n he t
t he onve ownerhi oft tsone
yed
s p ha t

e tt t J hnS. is n a d as s d 1 7a r so a j c n ln i fesmpe Am. mp . !
sae o o
W lo , n lo ol 2 c e f da e t a d n e i l. Co l!
11-1 20.
2,

Pl i if c e t tt 18 Det pl c d anum be ofr src i on t c
antfs ontnd ha he 49
d ae
r e titons he onve nc
ya e
oflm eso ,howe r by r er ngi pora rg st t Pl i if 'pr de es ori i e es, G .
i t ne
ve , es vi m tnt i ht o he antfs e c s -n-ntr t

Re ds I pa tc a ,asdic s d i mor de a lhe ei Pli if a lge t tt De
ynol . n riul r
s us e n
e t i r n, antfs le ha he ed
pr hi t a qua r ng a tvii i t a e oft St Hous a ya d,a f t rc e
o bis ny ryi c i tes n he r a hè one
e nd r nd urhe ont nd
t tt s
ha he copeoft ya d mus bem e s e by wha woul ha bee i ude i t Re l '
he r
t
am d
t
d ve n ncl d n he yno ds

ya d i 1
r n 849,whih woul ha i l d anatr s i on t pr ry ne rt hous a
c
d ve ncude
ttal prng he ope t a he
e, nd

û
û r out l ngs. I ! 1
numeous buidi ' d. 2.
'
Afe W is sde t aCom mi sone wasa nt t a i serhi e tt ,a t
tr lon' a h,
si r
ppoi ed o dm nit s sa e nd he
Comm isone e c ed c ran de dsi 1 01a 1 w ih r pe tt bo h f e i e e t i
s i r xe ut e ti e n 9 nd 902 t es c o t e ntr ss n

W is n' ln a d so erg t. Co . ! 1 - 6. c r i t Pli tfs t s d e
lo s a d n tn ih s Am. mpl! 3 1 Ac o dng o anif,he e e ds
conve d o y apori ofW is slm e t rgh si t Pr pe t Thus Pl i if 'Co pl n
ye nl
ton
lon' i sone i t n he o ry.
, antfs m ait
al ge t tDe e n ss c de onl t apori oft lmesone i t Pr pe t whih
le s ha f nda t uc ee d y o
ton he i t n he o ry, c

f rhe lmist i e e ntove t Pr t Ja
u t r i t her asme
r he opery...
4
The A m ende Com pl i tt a s t t t i 1
d
a n hen s ers ha , n 924, he i vi l who had be n de d,
t ndi dua s
e ede
4See Bosi v. Bosi, S. 2 5 ,5 4 ( 1 7)(xplii t ta o rma c ve t e
tc
tc 99 E.d 91 9 Va. 95 e anng ha n wne y on y h
underyi m i al and e
l ng ner s
xceptf om t oper i oft conve
r he
aton he
yancet s f oft l whih
he urace he and, c

sve st mie a e tt fo t es f c et t a c e t st s p r t ett s.
e r he n r l sae r m h ura e sae nd r ae wo e a ae sae )

vi t 1 a 1 2 de ds l nd a lmesone rght pr vi l owne by W is c
a he 901 nd 90 e , a nd i t
i s e ousy
d
lon onve d
ye
a1 t i pr pe t i e e t unde t edee t t W is Li Co ny, whi he dt m
l her o ry nt r ss
r hos
ds o he lon me mpa
ch l he

u tl1 9 L.! 1 . c r i t Plitfs i 1 9 t eW i o Li Co n c n e e a
ni 9 2.d 7 Ac o dng o an if,n 9 2,h l n me mpa y o v y d
o
s
po to ofispr ry owne i f smpl t J m e Ri rLi t Compa , a co
ri n t ope t
d n ee i e o n s ve mesone
ny nd nveye a
d
por i oft lm esone wihi t Pr ry, a wi
ton he i t
t n he ope t nd t
houtrfr et a prorde d.és ! 18
eeenc o ny i e J ! -

20. si t i er s lt rco ye t O- M i r l.
Thi s he nt e t ae nve d o N ne as
l t i Ame d Compli t Pl ntfss e decar t y r lefi t f m oft
n her
nde
a n , ai if e k l aor e i n he or
he
f l ng de l r tons:
olowi
caai

a.hede e nt do notown any lm e t ori i almi ng/ r i rght
t
f nda s
i sone ncdent ni quary ng i s

be aht o1 soneho ea isya dtndt e e ands peoft ae
ne t he d t
us nd t r a he xtnt co
he ra
aomdteh u es b e tt s c lmiain ,
r t h o s u j c o u h i tto )
b.t de e nt ha no rgh t bls,qua r o t kea y a so wihi
he f nda s ve
i t o a t r y, r a wa ny t ne t n
t a e s r mdi t o1 sonehous ,
he r a urol ng he d t
e
c.he de e
t
f ndan sha no rghtt dit b, m a o desr t o1 sonehous
t ve
i o sur da ge, r toy he d t
e

a do t y r a j i igteh u e
n /r he ad do nn h o s ,
d.t de e nt ha no r g t des r da a ,orot r i e i e f r w ih
he f nda s ve
i ht o t oy, m ge
he w s nt r e e t
t naur s i t wa e s c oft ol sonehous
he t al prng, he t r our e he d t
e;

e ted fn a t o o l tel so e(n c re p n i ge s me t i hs i
.h ee d ns wn ny h i t n a d o r s o d n a e n rg t) n
me
adic e eand s ii d pori oft Pr ry be ng hafoft gr y ven of
s rt
pec fe
ton he ope t i
l he e i
lm e t w hi h nm s i a s hw ese l diec i a r st s hw es e
i s one c
n out
t r y r ton c os he out
tm
q re oft Thom asPr ry,
ua t r he
ope t
f t de e ntsea e ntt a ce st s lm ie lmeso hol ngsi
. he f nda ' s me o c s he e i t d i t ne di s
c
onfnedt t s m ear a a t def nda sha no rg t a us o
o he a
e nd he e nt ve i ht o ny e r
bur t t szf c o rwhih t y do noto t c r pondi lm e t
den o he lr a e ve
c he
wn he ores
ng i sone
rg s a
i ht , nd
g. de l r ton de i ng t me hodst tCn meus ma orm a notus t
a caai
fni he t
ha r
e y
y
eo
a c st lm ie n o soflm e t i ownsplr ua t t l
c es he i t d m unt
i sone t
zs nt o he angua a
ge nd
m e ni oft 1 49 de
a ng he 8
ed.
ECF N o.25,A m .Com pl at 11-12.
.

4

B. ProceduralB ackground

Att s m etme Pli if fl t rorgi lCompl nt t y a s fld am oton f
he a i
antfs ied hei i na
ai , he lo ie
i or

Te o ayRetann Or e a P ei n r ljmcin rq e tn ta teCo r p o ii c r
mp rr sri ig d r nd r l ay n t to , e u sig h t h u t r hbt o e
mi
drli by Cn us o t Pr ry. I pa tc ar Pl i if w e e co e ned t tt st s
ilng
nne e n he ope t n ri ul , a ntf s r nc r
ha hi e t

drli whih wast bec
ilng, c
o
onduc e i e ry Aug t mi c us dnma t t St Ho e o
td n a l
us, ght a e
ges o he one us r
t s i Ba ed i pa to r pr s nt tonsm a t i i a afi vi by a Ca us empl
he prng. s n r n e e e ai
de o t n n fda t
cne e
oyee
andr pr e ai by Def nda s c
e es nt tons
e nt ' ouns la t TRO he rng, t Cour f
e t he
a i he
t oundt tPli if
ha antfs

h df i dt et biha e tte n t a ij n to s
a al o sa ls n nilme t o n nu cin.
e
The e a
r ppea st be s t ntaldia e ntbewee t pa te a t t e e of
r o
ubsa i s gr eme
t n he ri s s o he xt nt

De e nt 'lmeso rg sa Def nda t as a
f nda s i t ne i ht nd e n s lo ppea t di a e wih Pli tfs'des rpton
r o s gr e t a n if
ci i
ast wha dee a ei Def nda s c i ofttet t m i r rg s wha t
o
t ds r n
e nt ' han il o he ne al i ht , t ypesoft na e
e ncis
c ran oft edee c e t d, wha t lng geofc ti oft edee mea
e ti
hos
ds r a e and
t he a ua
era n hos
ds
n.

N o t l s f pur e ofr i o t i m otont dim is De e n sa eet tt
nehees s or pos s ulng n her i o s s , f nda t gr ha he
a l to oft Compl i mus be a ce t a t u Thi Co tt a s
legai ns he
ant t c p ed s r e. s ur hus s umes f pur e of
, or pos s
r lng on t m oton t dim is t tDe e nt 'c i ofttei pr ry s tf t i t
ui
he
i o s s , ha f nda s han il s ope l e orh n he
Am e d Com pl i .6
nde
a nt

51 pa r s b e e l fldwiht eCou t(lho hno s r un roah , antfsa s r
n pe s u s qu nty ie t h
r at ug t wo n de t ) Pli if se t
t t c e drli by Ca m eus i f dam aged t s i on t Pr ry.See.e. ,ECF No.28 a 2hat he or ilng
r
e n act
he prng he ope t
g.
t
4.They f herass tt tCa m e sr wa erwhieengage i cor drli and nonet es
urt
er ha r use tuck t
l
d n e ilng
hel s
contnued dr li ECF No.28 at3.I t si accur e,i i diec l conta y t t prors or
i
ilng.
f hi s
at t s r ty
r r o he i w n
r es nt i t t Courtby Car eus sem pl
epr e atons o he
m e'
oyee,Cl Col a who t tfed t Car
ay em n,
esi hat meus s
e'
pr tcei cor drli wer t srke wa e woul bet %sop i edi el a drl ele
ac i f e ilng e o ti
tr
d o st mm at y nd il s wher ' ECF N o.
e.'

8 Colma De . 6. o t i dae Pli if ha eno fld acam s e i mone d mag sa ar s t
, e n cl! As f h s t , antfs v t ie li e kng
y a e s e ul
oft aleged damaget t s i
he l
o he prng.
6The Courtsr ol i oft i uesr s by t m oton t dim is i complca ed by wha
' es uton he ss aied he i o s s s
it
t
a ar t be a atemptby D ef
ppe s o
n t
endant t avoi as ng t Cour t consde mat ral out de t
so
d ki he
to
i r e i s si he

pla ng a t a dc nv ri t i moto t dimisit amo in frs
e di s nd o voi o e tng her in o s s n o to o ummayj dg nt Fo
r u me . r
exampl Def
e, endant m ake r er
s
ef encest t rown tte s ch,s ECF No.35 at3 n.2,and do noteve
o hei
il ear ee
n

a tt a t e 1 49De di i t i c i oftte. ei a 2n. ( tngt tPlitfsalg W is n i
dmi h t h 8
e s n her han il Se d. t l no i ha an if le e lo s
Came e sp e e e s -n-ne e t ot mi r lrg t) seas ECF No.1 a 5(umma ii t i
r us ' r d c sori itr s t he nea ih s; e lo
9t s
rzng her
a g n a ou t Re l De da d sai t tç v n i i a nle t t Pr e t,(t d sn plc
r ume t b t he ynods e n ttng ha s e f t p is o he op ry ij oe ot a e
e
5

De e nt ofe s ve a a gume si s
f nda s f r e r l r
nt n uppor oft i M oto t Dimis whi h t
t her i n o s s ,
c he

Co r a d e s si tr , he trte n nn t eb ssf ris u idcin
u t d rs e n u n a r is x miig h a i o t j rs ito

.

C. Jur s c i of Cour
i di t on
t

Alho h Def nda sha nots
t ug
e nt ve
oughtdimis loft Ame
s sa
he
nded Compl i f rlc of
ant o a k

s b e tmatr mi dcin,hsCo r n n t ee sh sad t t a s r is l o iso
u j c te j s ito t i u t o eh ls a u y o su e tef f t wn
j s ito S eGo z lzv. lr 1 2 S. . 41 6 8( 01 ) P an if iv k t i Co r'
midcin. e n ae Thae , 3 Ct 6 , 4 2 2 . litfs n o e hs u ts
dv riyj rs cin pls a t o2 U. C. 1 3 whc r q ie t t h p risb ctz nso
ie st u idito , t u n t 8 S. j 3 2, ih e ur s ha t e a t e i e f
r
e
i
dfe e tSae a t a t eç te i c nr v rye e d s t es m o v leo $ 50 0
ifr n tt s nd h t h t tr n o to e s xc e l) h u r au f 7 ,0 ,
ma
exc usveofi e essand c t.' ta a st s e t tt pa te a ecii e ofdifr nt
l i
nt r t
oss'I ppe r mdiput d ha he ri s r tz ns
fe e
sa es Fort r a onsdic s d beow ,heCour f rhe c udest tt n o -ntt .
he e s
s us e l t
t u t r oncl
ha he m unti
con r r y r quie e i m e he e.
tove s e r m nt s t r
TheAm e d Compl i doe no c an a e ii c am f rmoneydnmage ;r t ,
nde
ant s t ont i n xplct l i o
s aher

ter le s u h i d caao yi n t e1Gn a to ss e igd ca ao yo ijmcier l f i i
h eif o g t s e lrtr n am . t ci n e kn e lrt r r nt tv ei ,t s
l
e
wele tb ih dt t h n t i c nr v ryi me s rdb t ev leo t o j c o te
l sa ls e ha t e momtn o to e s s a u e y h au f he be t f h
ltgain.' eHuntv.W as Stt Appl Adve .Co n, 2U. 333,347( 977) Tha
ii to 'Se
h. ae
e
r mm' 43 S.
1 . t

v l ei a c ran dç yt elr e o t fg rs t ij n to s(rd ca ao yj dg n 'j
au s se tie d h ag r f wo i u e :he nu cin' o e lr tr u me ts
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1 1 CONCLU SI
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