Thomas et al v. Carmeuse Lime & Stone, Inc.

Filing 99

MEMORANDUM OPINION. Signed by Judge James C. Turk on 10/2/13. (med)

CLERKS OFFI U . DI COUA
CE S. SX
AT ROANOKE,V
A
FI
LED

0CT C 22 1
93

I TH E U N I D STATE S D I
N
TE
STR I C O U RT
CT
U
FOR THE W ESTERN DI
STRI O F VI NI BY;
CT
RGI A J
ROANOKE DI SION
VI
JU STI D .TH O M A S &
N
I EN E S.TH O M A S,
R
Pl ntif
ai f s,

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C. DL ,CL
ERK
UW CLERK

Cas N o. 7) c 0041 JCT
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: 12- v3-

M EM OM NDUM OPI ON
NI
By:Jam esC .Tur
k
Se or Uni e St esD i t i tJudge
ni
t d at
src

CA R M EU SE LI E & STO N E,I C .
M
N ,
and

O- M I
N NERALS(
CHEM STONE)
C O M PAN Y ,
D e endant .
f
s

Pe ng be or t Cour a e t motons t we e a gue be o e t Cour o
ndi
f e he
t r wo
i
hat r r d f r he
t n
Se embe 30,201 The Cour is a brefor lr lng on bot m otonsa t ttm e butt s
pt
r
3.
t s ued
i a ui
h
i
t ha i ,
hi
M e oa
m r ndum Opi on a Or r a e it nded t s t f t t Cour' r tonae i a tona
ni nd de r n e
o e orh he
ts ai l n ddii l
de a l
t i.
1.

Pl ntf M oton t Joi Necessary Part A s V ol
ai ifs'
i o n
y
untary or lnvol ary Pl ntf
unt
ai if

On Augus 1 201 Pl i if tl d a M oton t J n N e es a y Pa t as Vol a y or
t 5, 3, antfs ie
i o oi
c s r ry
unt r
I unt r Pl ntf plr ua tt Rul 1 oft Fe r lRul s ofCi lPr dur ECF No.79.
nvol a y ai if zs n o
e 9 he de a
e
vi oce e.
Alho
t ugh Pli if sa e i t i moton t t De e nt wer unoppos d t t s r ques,
antfs t t d n her
i ha
f nda s
e
e o hi e t

Dee d nsi fc fld a r s o s i o p sto ,a g n t t on e s ud n tb p r te
fn a t n a t e e p n e n p o iin r uig ha j id r ho l o e e mitd
he e.ECF No.81 I pa tc a ,De e n s a gue t tt moton i dmpr r untme y,a
r
. n ri ulr f nda t r
ha he
i s ç ope , i l nd
i
unne s ar ' ECF N o.81 a 1 The Cour he r a g e s on t moton on Se e
ce s y.
'
t .
t a d r um nt
he
i
pt mber30,
2013.

Pli if r que tt tt Cour ad M r Thomas Hem s Sr a a pl ntf i t s c s
antfs e s ha he
t d .
l , .s
ai if n hi a e
pur ua t Rul 1 l pe tne pa t Rul 1 pr de :
s nt o e 9. n ri nt r , e 9 ovi s

( Pe s Re re t BeJoi d i Fe i e
a) r ons qui d o
ne f asbl.

( )Re u r dpa t. p ro wh i s be t osr ieo p oc s a d
1 q ie ry A e s n o s u j c t e vc f r e s n
who ej id rwil o d p i t ec u t fs b e tmatr mid cin
s on e ln t e rve h o r o u j c- te j s ito
mus bej neda apa t i:
t oi s ry f
( i t tperon' a e t c tca
A) n ha s s bsnce, he our nnota or c ee
cc d omplt
r le n o e si pa te ;or
ei f m ng xitng ri s

( t a p ro cams a itr s r ltn t te s b e to t
B) h t e s n li n nee t eaig o h u j c f he
a ton a i s st t t tdiposng oft aci i t pe s s
ci nd s o iuaed ha s i
he ton n he r on'
a e e ma
bs nc
y:

()asapr tc lmatri i o i det pes sa lt t pr e tt
i
acia te mpar r mpe he ron' biiy o otc he
i e e t or
nt r s '
,

(i la a e itn p rys b e tt as b tn ilrs o i c rigd u e
i e ve n x sig a t u j c o u sa ta ik f n u rn o bl,
)
muli e orot wie i onssen oblgai nsbec us oft i e e t
tpl ,
her s nc it t i to
a e he nt r s .

( ) i e b Cou t d r I apes n h sn t e nj ie a rq ie ,h c u t
2 Jond r y r Or e. f ro a o b e on d s e ur d t e o r
mus o d rt a tepes nbema eap ry A pes nwh r f s st j i a ap an if
t r e h t h ro
d a t. ro o e u e o on s litf
maybemadee t ra de e
ihe
f ndantor i apr pe c e a i u a ypli if
,n
o r as , n nvol ntr antf
Fed.R.Ci P.1
v. 9.

Ba e o t erc r beo et eCo r,ta p a sta M r Hemsi çu j c t s r ieo
s d n h e o d f r h u ti p e r h t . l s i b e t o evc f
s
pr c s . l frh ra p ast thi j id rwo dn td p i et i Co r o j rs ito , e a s
o e s' t u te p e r ha s on e ul o e rv h s u t f u id cin b c u e
'
i woul no de toy t di riy oft pa te .Tha i,Hem si ar s de ofVigi a Pli if
t
d t sr he ve st
he ris
t s l s e i nt
r ni , antfs
ar r i s of Ohi , a i a a s t t neihe Def nda i a Vigi a r sde . Tlus
e esdent
o nd t ppe r ha
j
t r
e nt s
r ni e i nt1 , ,

The Plitfs ae r sde s o Ohi ECF No.25 Am.Compl a ! 2.De e a tCa me e
an if r e i nt f o.
,
.t
fnd n r us
Li e & St i a Delw a e cor a i wih a pri palpl öfbusne i Pe yl a.SeeECF N o.
m
one s
a r
por ton t
nci
ace
i ss n nns vani

25, Compla ! ECFNo. Ans ra !3( d tig s me . Co an al ge ta Dee a t
Am.
. t 3;
43, we t a mitn a ) The mplit l s h t fnd n
e
O- M i r l ( mso ) Compa , a wh l own d s i a y o Came e i as a Dea r
N ne as Che t ne
ny
oly- e ubsdir f r us , s lo
lwae
c po a i wih isprncp plc ofb i s i Pe ns v ni.ECF No.25 Am.Co .a !4.l is
or r ton t t i ial a e usne s n n yla a
,
mpl t ( n t

Ans r O- M i r l ( mso )Co n d nist alg to c nc r i isr sde y b d s
we , N ne as Che tne mpa y e e he le a ins o enng t e i nc , ut oe
not i ca e is sat of i
ndi t t t e
ncorpor i or is prnci pl of busness The Court not t t s e
aton
t i pal ace
i .
es ha om
document i t cas i ca e t i i a Del r cor a i See.e. ,ECF No.71 6 at28.l any
s n he e ndi t hat t s
awa e por ton.
g.
n

e nt n p ryha a g dt ta n M r Hemswo ddee t h sCo r' j rs cin.
ve , o a t s r ue ha ddig . l
ul f a t i u ts u idito
2

r grdl s ofwhih sde M r Hel swo d be ai ne wih,hi pr enc woul notde i t s
e
es
c i
. m
ul
lg d t s es e
d
prve hi

Co r o j rs ito bae o te dv riyo tep ris Th s tei ta rq ie n so Rue
u t f u id cin s d n h iest f h a t . u , h ni l e urme t f l
e
i
1 () 1 a es tsid
9 a () r aife .

TheCo r tm sne tt Plitfs ag me tt tM r Hemsmu tb j ie u d rRue
u tu
x o anif ' r u n ha . l
s e on d n e l
1 () l( () i .t t camsalitr s i t es b e to tea t n a dt a ds sn o te
9 a ( )B)i, . ,ha he li r nee t n h u j c f h ci n h t ipo i g f h
e
o
aci i hi abs nc m a asapr tc ma tri
ton n s e e y
ac ial te mpai o i
r r mpedehi a lt t pr ec t i e e t
s biiy o ot t he nt r s .

TheCot'fndst tM r Hemshaspr viusy S li e a i e etr ai t 't pr rya
ut i ha . l
e o l t amfdl n ntr s eltng o' he ope t t
c
is i t sca e vi a a fda the fl i a pdors tr lt d t t s me pr ry.See ECF
s ue n hi s , a n fi vi
ied n
ui ea e o he n
ope t
No.79- a 5 7.Addii ly,M r Hem s a a e a t Se e r 30,2013 he rng a
2, t tonal
. l
ppe r d t he pt mbe
a i nd

e es e t t he c am e mli e es i s
xpr s d ha
li d
nt r t n ome pori of t lm e t be at t Thoma
ton
he i sone ne h he
s
pr
opert
y.

l i a m or difc tquesi ho ve ,whehe diposng oft a on i hi a e
ts
e fiul
ton, we r
t r s i
he di n s bs nce

ç y ... sap a tc lmatri i o i e e g r Hemss a lt t p oe t(ilitrs.
s
ma
a r cia te mpar r mp d M . l ') bi y o r tc h s n ee t'
i
'
Fe R.Ci P.1 a( )B)i.On t oneha Mr Hel 'cameditr ti s pori of
d. v. 9()1( ()
he
nd, . ms li nees n ome ton
t lm e t on t Thom a pr pe t m a we lco lc wih t i e es cai by De e nt,
he i sone he
s o ry y l nfit t he nt r t l med
f nda s
who atone poi i t s a i c am e a owne s p i e es i t e iet oft lm e t
nt n hi cton l i d n
r hi ntr t n he ntr y
he i sone
e t t s ve e f om t Thom aspr pe t .2 A s a res t i appe r t ta nzi by t s Co tas
sa e e r d r
he
o ry
ul, t
a s ha ny lng
hi ur

t t e e of De e nt ' lm e t i e es i t Tho as pr pe t coul potntaly a s
o he xt nt
f nda s i sone nt r t n he
m
o ry
d e i l lo
i i ori deM r Hem s a lt t pr ec hi i e e t Tha i,i t Cour w e et c l
mpar mpe
. l ' biiy o ot t s nt r s . t s f he
t r o onc ude
t t Def ndant owne lm e t rght t t e iey of t Thomas pr ry,M r Hel
ha
e
s
d i sone i s o he ntr t
he
ope t
. ms'
i er s mi htbei paie
nt e t g
m r d.
On t ot rha t Cour' de e mi ton a t t rght be wee t pa te he em a
he he nd, he
ts t r nai s o he i s t n he ris r y
2 Att hearng, t ewass
he
i her
ome dicus i ofwhet Def
s son
her endant silcl m owner hi ove t
s tl ai
s p r he
entr t oft lm esone on t ThomasPr t l any event owner hi ofa l tapori oft
ie y he i t
he
opery. n
,
s p t eas
ton he
lmes one rght m a be i diput asbet
i t
i s y n s e,
ween Def nda sand M r.Hel s.
e nt
m

no be de e m i tve as be wee M r Hem s a De e nt . Not bl a poit out by
t
t r na i
t n
. l
nd f nda s
a y, s n ed
Def nda s t Am e d Co pl nti t sa i i no aqui tttea i n a t t pr ry
e nt , he
nde
m ai n hi cton s t
e il cto nd hus he ope t

rg t o Mr Hemswi n tb aj d c td a al M o e v r i d e n ta pe rt a c laea
ih s f . l
l o t du iae t l. ro e , t o s o p a h t o ltrl
l
et
soppelwoul a y i any f t e ac i by M r Hel s a i tDe e nt,snce one of t
d ppl n
uur ton
. m ga ns f nda s i
he
elm e sf colatr esoppe unde Vigi a lw i t tlhe pa te t t t pr ee ngs...
e nt or l e al t l
r r ni a s ha %
t
ris o he wo oc di

bet s meori p i t 'Dunc n v.Dunc n,448F. 725,7 ( h Ci.2006) Thus i may
he a
n rviy.'
a
a
3d
28 4t r
. ,t
wel bet tM r Hem sc d pr t c hi i e e t s e ntt t sl ws t ç hr h a s pa a e
l ha . l oul o e t s ntr ss ubs que o hi a ui, t oug
t
e rt

lws i o ote wie'Cf Ba o tv Civ o W imi t n 3 6 F.d 1 J,1 6 ( t Ci.2 0 )
a ut r h r s .
'
mf o . t f l nco , 0 3 1 2 4h r 0 2 ,
r donot rg o
ev'
he r undsbyExxo M o lCo .v.Sa Ba i l us Cor ,544U. 280(
n bi p
udi sc nd . p.
S. 2005)
,

(fimi g te d src c u tsd na o a mo in f rj id r a d n tn t a alblt o a
a tr n h itit o r' e il f
to o on e n o ig he v ia ii f
y
3

s bsq e tlws i t t p ry s ug tt b on d .
u e u n a ut o he a t o h o ej ie )
Ev n i te rq ie n s o ()1( () we e me,h we e ,t e Co r c n ld s ta
e f h e ur me t f a( )B)i r t o v r h u t o cu e h t
j i e o Mr Hemsa a ivou tr panifi n twarn e hee Rue 1 alwsj i e a
ond r f . l s n n lna y litf s o ra td r . l 9 l
o ond r s
a iv ln ayp an ifo yi ç p o e c s 'a d o l atrheha rf s dt j i S eFe .
n n ou tr litf nl n : r p r a e' n ny fe
a
s e u e o on. e d R.
Ci P.1 I t rm oto Pl ntfs a knowl
v. 9. n hei
i n, ai if c
edge t tt ç ve no ha t opporuniy t
ha hey l
ha
t d he
t t o

s e k wih Mr Hemsn rd te k o hi wih s' st wh te h wo l wa tt b j n d.
p a t . l o o h y n w s s e 'a o eh r e ud n o e oie
ECF No.79 a 5.l t ad,t y sm pl e a n t tt y ça ii t a pr s t twoul alow
t nse he i y xpli ha he %ntcpae
oce s ha
d l

( .Hel lt prtc hi i e et wih asltl e ns a hads p asposi e'1 Att
Mr ms o oe t s ntr ss t
ite xpe e nd r hi
sbl.' d. he
Se e r30,201 he i M r Hel sa
pt mbe
3 arng, . m ppea ed wihoutc ms a i o m e t Co tt t
r
t
ot el nd nf r d he ur ha
he was uns e as t whet r or nothe wa e t be a pa toft s lws t a uns e as t
ur
o
he
nt d o
r
hi a ui, nd ur
o

3 I may alo be t e t tnotalow i M r Hems pat i to h r c ul s j c De e nt t
t
s
nz ha
l ng . l ' ri pain e e o d ub e t fnda s o
c

c n l t gj d me t,tee y i l aig Rue 1 ()1( (i- aj d me tb ti Co r c n ldn
o fi i u g ns h rb mpi tn l 9a()B)i
cn
c
) u g n y hs u t o cu ig

De e da t o d tee tr t ( ne ry a1 oft l son rg t a s it dwlht Tho sp o ry
f n n s wne h n iey or al l) he i t e ih s socae t he ma r pe t,
me
a altrj g n i fvo o MrHemssai ta heo apoto oft s smelmet erg t.
nd ae ud me t n a r f . l ttng h t wns rin ho e a i son ihs
Nopa t a ksf r ond ro t sba i, we r
ry s o j i e n hi ss ho ve .
4

whe he o nothe wa e t go t t expe e ofhi i a ato ney.
t r r
nt d o
o he
ns
rng n t r

Fort r as e es e a t he rng, he Cour c l st tt pr f r bl c s of
he e ons xpr s d t he a i t
t oncude ha he e e a e our e
aci unde t cr um sanc i t al M r Hel saddii ltm e t co ul wih a a tr y
ton
r he ic t es s o low . m
tona i o ns t t n to ne

(fh s c o e )a d a d to lt t ma eted cso a t wheh rt v l naiyj i ti
i e o ho s s n d iina i o k h e iin s o te o o u trl on hs
me
lws t Ase ane byt cour i Hi ksv.l e co i nt lAcc pt nc Co p. 1 F. D.1
a ui. xpl i d
he
tn c
nt r ntne a
e a e r , 54 R. 34

( D. C.1 4)
E. N. 99 ,

<th lw g n rly d sa o s f re j id r o a p ry a a
é l e a e eal ifv r o c d on e f a t s
l
pl ntf wih wha e rpr ed ta ha c pst tnor al e al .
ai if t
t ve oc tr l ndi a ha
m ly nt is
Unde oura r ar s tm t g ne a r e i t tonl t pa t
r
dve s y yse he e r l ul s ha
y he ry
who i ta es t l w s t s ul be s ddl w ih t pr dur l
nii t he a ui ho d
a ed t he oce a
bur nso apl i if'Ei lv.Stt sM a i Li s I ,473F.
de f antf.' ke
ae
rne ne . nc.
2d

95 9 2 ( t Ci.9 3 , rh' d n e , 47 F.d 1 0 ( t
9, 6 5h r1 7 ) e g e id 5 2 4 4 5h
Ci.9 3 .Be a e s c j id ri d sa r d t l r p rc s '
r1 7 ) c us u h on e s ifvo e , he i o e a e'
p
rq ie n (n Rue 1 1h sb e itr rtdt me n ta apa t
e u rme t i l 9 a e n n ep ee o a h t ry
ma o l b j ie a a iv l na yplitf i t a pat G 1 h s
y ny e on d s n n o u tr an if f h t ry ç ) a
(
a oblgai n t pe m i isna orttet be us d t pr e trg s
n i to o r t t me il o
e o ot c i ht

a s re i t a to ()i b m n tej rs ito o te c u t
se td n he cin; 2 s e d h u idcin f h o r;
a () ha rf s d t vou trl j i i t e a to f lo ng
nd 3 s eu e o lna i on n h cin olwi
y
notfca i n t r of' She d v.W e tBe Equi e Cop . 71
ii to he e .
' l on
s nd
pm nt
, 8

F. 603, 60 ( d Ci.98 ( tng I pe nt W iels
2d
6 3r r1 3) cii nde nde
r es
Teez a Co.v.Ra o Cor or ton ofAmerc 269 U. 45 46
l r ph
di
p ai
ia,
S. 9,

S Ct 1 6 7 L. 3 7( 9 6 f rs p r)
. . 6 , 0 Ed. 5 1 2 ) o u po t.
1 F. D.a 1 l Hiks t Cour hel t tj nde oft Fe r TrdeCommison a a
54 R. t 35.n c ,he
t d ha oi r he deal a
si s n
i untr pl ntf wa i ppr i e Cg bs a s ng of notfcai and s eque
nvol ay ai if s na oprat taj ent howi
ii ton
ubs nt

rf s l'Th r q ie n sstf rh i Hik a d S ed n f rj ii g ap ry a a iv lmtr
eu a. e e urme t e o t n c s n h l o o on n a t s n n ot ay
'
pli tf pli l aen tme h r sn eMr Hemsha n ty t eu e t v ln aiyj i
anif any r o t e e i c . l s o e r f s d o ou trl on.
M r Hel sal o a
. m s ppea s nott s ts y t ç ope t t'r qui e e t he be be
r
o a i f he t
pr r es ' e r m nt hat
yond t
he

jtiddin o t Co r. eHik ,1 4F. D. t1 5 W h l t eeaec u t t a h v alwe
t s i o f he u tSe c s 5 R. a 3 . ie h r r o rs h t a e lo d
r
apa t wihi t jziditon oft Cour t bea
ry t n he lrs ci
he
t o dded a apat defnda a t n r lg d
s ry e nt nd he eaine

ta p ry a a p an if4 a la t o e c u t h s rj ce s c a itr rtto t e
h t at s
litf, t e s n o r a ee td u h n n ep eain md r
cic smw e smia t t e he e a t Cour fnds is r as ng i tuc i Se Dubln
r um t s i l r o hos r nd he
ti
t e oni nsr tve. e
i

W ae Co. Dea r Ii e Ba i Co n 4 3F.S pp. 0 31 ( D. .1 7 )( o dn i
tr v. lwae tv r sn mm', 4
u 31 , 5 E. Pa 9 7 h l ig t

wa no p o rt alw ad fn n wh wa wihn tej rs ito o t c u t ob ma eit
s t r pe o lo
ee da t o s t i h u id cin f he o r t e d no
a in ou tr pli if' e et ep rywa o l j ie a ad fn a t o p r os so ma i
n é v ln ay antf wh r h a t s ny on d s ee d n f r u p e f kng
i
hi a i untr pli if a whe e t pli if saed no i pe
m n nvol a y a ntf nd
r he antf t t
nde ndent ca m a i t t
li gans he

p ry) Ap yn t r a o igo Du lnW ae Co t tefcshee wh r Mr Hemswo db
a t . plig he e s nn f - i tr -o h a t r, e e . l
b
.
ul e
j i d a a d fn a to l f rt e p r o e o ma i hm a iv ln ay pli t fa d whet
one s ee d n ny o h u p s f kng i n n ou tr ani n
f
r
t r i no i pe ntcli by t Pli if a i tM r Hel s t Cou tc ude t thi
he e s
nde nde a m
he antfs ga ns . m , he
r oncl s ha s

i ou tr j n e a apli tf s ud n tb p r te . i i smp yn taG r p rc s 'f r
nv lna y oid r s anif ho l o e e mitd Th s s i l o t o e a e' o
p

s c j id r Se Hik ,s p a No eh ls,t eCo r wi gv Mr Hemst eo p ru i t
u h on e . e c s u r . n t ee s h u t l ie . l h p o tnt o
l
y
j na av l nayPlitf, h l h c o s t d s .
oi s o u tr an if s oud e h o e o o o
Fo t f rg i gra o s teCo r wil emi b t o rq ie Mr Hemst j i a a
r he o e o n e s n ,h u t l p r t u n t e ur- . l o o n s
pa t pl ntf i t sac i i or rt pr e hi i e e t i he wihest do s Asdieced a
ry ai if n hi ton n de o otct s ntr ss f
s o
o.
r t t

t h aig, o ltrt nOco r3 , 01 , r Hems(rhi atr e )s al oiyt eCo r a
he e rn n t ae ha tbe 0 2 3 M . l o s to n y h l n tf h u t s
t wheh rh wihe t j i ti a to a a panifo no .I h d e n t t n Plitfs
o t e e s s o on h s cin s litf r t f e o s o, he an if '

mo in f rj id rwilb d ne a t a tme I h c o s st j i (ih rp o s o wi te
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