McAirlaids, Inc. v. Kimberly-Clark Corporation et al

Filing 120

MEMORANDUM OPINION. Signed by Judge Samuel G. Wilson on 07/19/2013. (rkc)

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M EM OR ANDUM OPI ON
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KI BERLYM
CLARK
C O R PO M T I N etal,
O
.
By:Sam ue G .W is
l
l on
U nie St t s Di t c Judge
t d a e s ri t

Dee
f ndant
s.

M c i l i , nc. i t sa ton f t a - es i rnge e a unf i c pe ii n
A r a ds l br ngs hi c i or r de dr s nf i m nt nd a r om tt o

purua t t Trde r Ac of1 1 U. C.j 1 ets q.ç anha Ac' ,a Vigi a
s nt o he a mak t 946, 5 S.
051 e (é n m t' nd r ni
t
)
comm o 1 w a i tKi ry- ar Cop or ton a t ofisa fla e . M c ra ds
n a ga ns mbe l cl k
ai nd wo t fiit s
Aili
m a a tlesa or ntpa ,t t os s f ceofwhih i i i e wih ofs tr of
nuf c tr bs be
ds he opm t ura
c s mprnt d t f e ows
eve y s ce dot . M c i l i cl i st tis r sofdot a e i r nty ditnc i a t t
nl pa d s
A r a ds a m ha t ow
s r nhe e l s i tve nd ha

Ki be l clr si ntne epads whi h a ealo i i edwih r ofdot , nfi
m ry- a k' nco i nc
, c r s mprnt
t ows
s i rnge

M c rad ' e itr dta ed e s mb ry clr h smo df rsl r u g n , r ung
Aili s r gsee rd rs .Ki el- ak a ve o l
mma yj d me t ag i
t tM c ra ds dotde i i f nc i a t r f eno pr t tbl asta dr s Thecour
ha
Aili '
sgn s u tonal nd he e or t o eca e r de es .
t
a e wih Ki ry- a k,i t tM c rads dotde i i f tona ,g a sKi rygr es t mbe l clr tnds ha Aili '
sgn s unc i l r nt mbe l

Clr smo inf rs mmayj d me ta dc n esM c rad ' rd -r s r gsrto
ak' to o u r u g n , n a c l Ailis ta e d e s e itain.
1.

The c ne s one ofM cAi l i 'busne si a w i y pr
or r t
ra ds
i s s
del oduce m a e i lknow n as
d t ra
ç i l i ' A il i i us d i a 1m n rofc um e a i a i ,f o s nia y na nst
s ra d.' r a d s e n 1 nne
a
ons r pplc tons r m a t r pki o
m a tes pa . M c il ds m a mf c lr s is ve s on ofail i f om ce l os t ti s ce f om
tr s ds
A rai
r a tz e t r i
ra d r
lul e ha t our s r
s t ood te i t s he s e n U nie St t s M c il dst oughl sle t c l os t
ofw
r es n he out a t r
t d a e . A rai hor
y lr ds he elul e o

<

pr
oduce t l fpul ' a t f m s i i t l r ,l e y f m e nonw ove s e s M a i ov
ç uf p,' nd hen or t n o a ge oos l or d,
f
n he t . ks m
De 1
p. 42. W hie m os ail i m a a t e s a y a c m i albi rt gi t ra r a d
l
t r a d nuf c ur r ppl he c nde o ve hei il i
m a e i s sr tlali e iy,M cAi l i us a di f r ntpr es . Ra he t n a yi a
t ral t uc tr nt grt
ra ds es f e e
oc s
t r ha ppl ng

che ia bi r M c ra dscompr s e t c lul efber by f e ngt m t ough al r pa r
m c l nde , Aili
e s s he el os i s e di he hr
a ge i
ofs oo h- ur a ed r l r . Fr t r t c pr s ed s t pa st
m t s f c ole s om he e, he om e s hee s s hough a s tofs e r l s
e
t el oler
t tar c r d i s a l e nl s c d ni . The G ai e por i oft t p r l rpr s t
ha e ove e n m l, ve y pa e bs
l s d tons he o ole e s he
r

fbe agans r s d pori oft botom r lr' o c eae E gh pr s ezone 'i t ara d.
i r i t aie
tons he t ole 't r t l
hi
es ur
s'n he ili

Rep.I Opp. McAili Ex. 1, t6.Thes hi prstr z Gfr el t c l os
s n
6;
rads E- a
e gh- e sze ones do c l he elul e
fbe st l et i i vi lfbe sr c tr a be ome sr ngl f s d t o a he f mi a
i r o os he r ndi dua i r t u tle nd c
to y u e o ne not r or ng
gl
assy-i contnuum .' M c il i Ex. 1 a 6. The r s t a s u dy,a or nts e - l ks
lke
i
'
A r a ds
E- , t
e ul- t r
bs be he t oo

lke t s
i hi :
4.

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4

Se U. Tr de a k Regita i No.4, 04, 23. Ea h do i c t sabonded,
e S. a m r
sr ton
1 1
c t ndia e
nona o be a ea
bs r nt r
i t m at i .
n he
eral

Be us M c il ds doe notus c i lbi r t gi isa rai s nz t ali e iy,
ca e A rai
s
e hem ca nde s o ve t i l d t c ur nt grt
t s ng oft bonds i i port . A ccor ng t Dr.Fr cM ur ay,M cA il ds'expert
he paci
he
sm
ant
di o
nnl
r
r ai
,

çlj bonds ...i or rt c pt e(i rqandma ( ndels)bo ngs t e, t be
tthe
, n de o a ur fbe s
ke bi re s ndi uiabl have o
s c a abou t a r ge l ngt oft fberdit i i oft wood fbe s i ved.' M ur a
pa ed t
t he ve a e h he i
s rbuton he
i r nvol '
ry
2

De 1 I o he wor ,asgnii a pori oft tber m us bea ebrdget ga
p. 55. n t r ds i fc nt ton he i s t bl i he ps

bewe n a j c n b n s S eLz l teb n sa ef rh ra a th nt elng s fb r ,he o e
t e da e t o d . e p. f h o d r u te p r t a h o et ie s t n n
e ofe hfberwilr mai unbonde ofei ltl snztla be t Seei a 1 -56.By
nd ac i
le n
d, frng ite t ctrl nek.
és t 55
t s m et n,t sz a s peoft bo t ms l sa ei pora . I a i vi bond
he n oke he i e nd ha
he nds he eve r m tnt f n ndi dual
i t s l i l t s al rt n t cel os fbe si' s
s oo mal, t t s m le ha he lul e i r ts uppos d t bond t ' 1 a 1 As
ge
e o
o. d. t 57.
'

t szeoft bo i r s s t me hanialf ce nee dt ce t t bondi ras ( ha
he i
he nd ncea e ,he c c or s de o rae he
nce e per ps

t tepon o i rcia ii ) wh l t u b n e ae a ia l frl u da s r to
o h it f mp a tc b ly , ie he n o d d r a valbe o i i b op in
t
q
de r s s J a 21 218.Andi t bondi notr mde buti ta hasc nes t f i
cea e . Z t 7,
f he
s ot d
nse d
or r,he uson

pr e swildama a we kent fbes J a 231 4;s ealoi a 233(1A1 s r
oc s l
ge nd a he i r. #. t -3 e s la t
&( ny hap
angul r t unde t ki ofpr s est a e be ng us d f f i bondsca dn age t
a iy
r he nds
es ur hat r i
e or uson
n m
he
tbe s , .
i r., l
)

M c rad h sp tn e isb ndn pr c s.S eU. P tn No. 6 57 2 (ie J n.
Aili s a ae td t o ig o e s e S. ae t 6,7 ,0 fld a
1 200 .I 201 at de di t fndi of c
3, 4) n 0, fer ci ng hat e ng f ompeior t
tt s houghpae -nfi me
tnti rnge nt
l w s t w a t l ,c ty,a no al a ce t i ofs ce s' M c i l i a i f a
a uis s t ow os l nd t w ys r a n
s
uc s ,' A r a ds ppled or nd

r ei d f de a ta d e sr gita i f t a r ng ntofdo son isabs be pa . Se
ec ve e r l r de- r s e sr ton or he ra eme
t
t or nt ds e
Ki be l clr Ex.A.Bas ont tr gita i n,M c ra dsbr htt sl ws ta i t
m ry- a k
ed ha e sr to
Aili oug hi a ui ga ns
Ki ry- a k undert Ln m Ac , am i t tKi ry- ar sGoodnie Be M a s
mbe l clr
he nbn
t cli ng ha mbe l cl k'
ts d t
ha an i r s i y sm ia a r nge ntofdot .2
ve mpe misbl i lr ra me
s
I
I.

The onl i s be or t c ti whe he M c il i 'dotde i i f nc i l l i i
y s ue f e he our s t r A r a ds
s gn s u tona . f t s
f to l t n M c il ds c nnotrghty c a m t a dr spr e ton f t de i The
unc i na , he
A rai n
i l l i r de- es ot c i or he s gn.
1N ot ihs
w t undi t stsi ony, Dr M ura concudesi hi ex r rpor t tM c il ds dotde i
ng hi e tm
. ry
l
n s pe t e tha A rai '
sgn
c er nof ina bene i.SeeM c rai Ex.E- ,at2.
onf s uncto l
ft
Ail ds
1

2M c rai r e st t r wsofdot asis( xelde i .' SeeM a i ovD e 50.
Ail ds efr o he o
s tt
pi
sgn '
ksm
p.

pa tesa ede pl a oddsovert i s a ha fld m or t n at a pa si s por of
ri r e y t
he s ue nd ve ie
e ha hous nd ge n up t
t i ar um e s I t co tsvi w ,t a w e i s r i f wa d:be us t do desgn
he r g nt . n he ur ' e he ns r s t a ghtor r
ca e he t i
af e t t qua iy ofM c i l i 'pr
f c s he lt
A r a ds oduc ,i i f nc i na , t r or notftf tade dr s
t t s u to l and he ef e
i or r - e s
r s r ton.3
egit a i

A pr tsd i E a a r a ditnc i s whi h s ve t i ntf t pr t
oduc ' esgn s y cquie si tvene s c er s o de iy he oduc
m
w ih ism a a tze or s c ' Tr i Devi es I v.M kt D ipl vs l ,532 U . 23,
t t nuf c tr r our e.' a/ x
c . nc.
g. s a . nc.
S. 29

( ) Desg wiht ts r ofditnci s aepr ecabl asta d e sa ç ynotbe
2001. ins t ha o t si tvene s r ot t e rde r s nd s
ma
us d i a m n rlke y t c e c us on a t t orgi s
e n
nne i l o aus onf i s o he i n, pons s p,ora ovaloft
or hi
ppr
he

g . Jl Butbe us ç od tdesg al ti ra ys r espur esot rt ns c
oods' .a
't
ca e i uc in mos nvaibl e v
pr
pos he ha oure

ie tfc to 'W a- a t tr s lc v Sn r Br s.n -5 9U. 2 , 3( 0 ) t e
d n iiain, lM r S o e .n . . maa o .Ic, 2 S. 05 21 20 0 ,h
'
ç unc i lt doc rne de l d asacommon 1 w r epr bii tadedr s o ta m a k
s tona iy ti
f
ve ope
a ul ohi tng r
e s r r de r
rght i t f tona f a lr sofapr torispac gi 'Ros t St Lt v.Goocls
i s n he unc i l e tze
oduc
t
ka ng,
' eta one d.
e

I .676F. 1 1 ( hCi.201 )
nc,
3d 44, 61 4t r 2 .
The f nc i iy docrne pr ve s ta m a k l w, whi h s e t pr o e
u tonalt
ti
e nt r de r a
c e ks o om t
c
ompe ii by pr eci a fr ' r putton,fom i t ad i bii l gii t
tton
ot tng im s e a i r nse nhi tng e tma e
c pe ii by a l i a pr
om tton
low ng
oduc r t c r a us ulpr
e o ontol
ef
oduc f a ur I i t
t e t e. t s he
pr nc of pa e l w , not t a m a k l ,t e otr e i nton by gr ntng
ovi e
t nt a
r de r aw o nc lag nve i
a i
i nt s a m ono y ove ne pr
nve or
pol
r w oduc des g or f to f a lm ied tm e
t i ns
unc i ns or i t i ,
a t r whi h c pe ior a e f e t us t i
fe
c om tt s r r e o e he nnova i
ton. I a pr
f
oduc ' f to l
t s unc i na
f atr s c d be us d a ta
e tle oul
e s r dema ks howe r a monopol over s h f tles
r ,
ve ,
y
uc eatr
c d be obt i d wihoutr r t whehe t y quaiy aspaent a c d be
oul
ane t
ega d o
t r he
lf
t s nd oul

e tn e f rv r( e a s ta maksma b rne di p r tiy .
xe d d o e e b c u e rde r
y e e we n epeut )

J=(iigQuaie Co. Jc b o Po s C0.51 U. 1 9,14 5( 9 5.Thec mmo
J.ctn
ltx v. a o sn rd . , 4 S. 5 6 -6 1 9 )
o n

3S mmayj d me ti a p o raewh ndh r i n g n i dsuea t a maeil ata dte
u r u g n s p rp it e ç ee s o e une ip t s o ny tra fc n h
t
mo a tse t ldt j d me ta amatro lw. F d R. v P. 6a.Th p risdsge a t wh te
v n i nie o u g n s te fa ' e . Ci. 5 () e a t ia re s o eh r
t
'
e
M c rai hast bur n ofs
Ai l ds
he de
howi nonf nc i lt orwhe he K i be l cl r ha t bur n ofs i
ng
u tona iy
t r m ry- a k s he de
how ng
f tonalt Pe s i a hort c m s l t tt btr n le w ih M c rai Se Ga.pac Cons e Pr .
unci iy. r uasve ut iy ot es ha he lde is t
Ail ds. e - .
um r ods

LPv. mb rv clr Co , 4 F.d7 3, 27(t Ci. 01 )( tn ta i apat p t frhçto ge ie c o
Ki el- ak m.6 7 3 2 7 7h r2 1 noig h t f ry u s o t û rn vd n e f
s
fn to ai ,h makh le c risate v b re o s o n ta t faur i n tfn to a' (u t g
u cin ly te r od r are h a y ud n f h wig h the e t e s o u cin l' q oi
t
'
n
Trli, 3 U. a 3 :.Bu e e as mi ted fn a tb asteb r e , mb ry clr ha me i.
a x 5 2 S. t 0
t v n su ng h ee d n e r h u d n Ki el- ak s tt

1w f tonaiydocrnenow hasapl ei t La m Ac.Seci 1 e oft Ln m
a unci lt ti
ac n he nhn t ton 052() he nhn
Ac pr bista
t ohi t r dema k r gita i ofa m a k t tS
r e sr ton ny r ha s
comprs a m at rt t asawhol ,i
ies ny te ha ,
e s
fm c i na . A cc di t t Supr m e Cour ,$ pr
t to l'
'
or ng o he
e
t ç oduc f a ur i fm c i li i i es e i lt
a
t e t e s t tona f t s s nta o

t us orpup os oft a tcl ori i afec st c torqua iy oft a tcl ' Tr / i 5
he e
e he ri e f t f t he os
lt
he ri e. a x, 32
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U . a 33.
S. t
l t sc e, he e i a pl e de e t tM c i l i 'dotde i i e est q lt of
n hi as t r s m e vi nc ha
A r a ds
s gn ncr as he ua iy
isa or ntpa . l r a ng t sco l i t co tc d l t M c il i own s e
t bs be
ds n e chi hi nc uson, he ur oul ook o A r a ds'
al s

m a e i s whi h t t fm ci lt ofisdotdesgn. SeeKi ry- a k Ex.L,a
t ral, c out he t tonaiy t
i
mbe l cl r
t

KC0002675(ç'et quebondi patr pr desi e e slf ea e f e elnt(i dl
ç-h mi
f
ng ten ovi ncrasd trac r a or xc le lqui
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ght s el
r a ds' n e i
a
ac ston.)4 Thecourtm i alo r y on M cA il i ow' t stng dat , whihs
quiii ' .
c howst tis
ha t

dotde i i sr ra mor el tct n ispr vi fbe -uson desgn. SeeM c ra dsEx.
sgn s tonge nd
e asi ha t e ous i rf i
i
Aili

E- , t1 Fi . (h wigao p r e t n ra ei tn iesr n t a daf ry eg t ec n
1 a 2 g 6 s o n ne ec n i ce s n e sl te gh n o t-i h p r e t
i ove nti eo to .
mpr me n lngain)
I t a t c twilr y on M c il i 'e r ,Dr M ur a A cc di t Dr
ns e d, he our l el
A r a ds xpe t . r y.
or ng o .

M ura st tm o t dotde i i notar tar I M cAili s ea t dot f rhe a r,
r y' esi ny, he
sgn s
bir y. f
ra ds pr ds he s u t r pa t

t r uli pr ti we ke.(ti eayt i net tapa wih doss e af a r
he es tng oduc s a r I s s o magi ha d t t pac d oot pa t
woul ofe ltl rssanc t ta i ) l M c radsmovest dot cos t t r t
d fr ite e it e o e rng. f Aili
he s l er ogehe,he
a o be y dec e es Abs be y lke s de r s si M c rai m a t i vi ldo s
bs r nc
r as .
or nc i wie c ea e f Ail ds kes he ndi dua t
lr r a t m e ha ca f r sr quie f fbe f i n a oa h i aci a lt And i
a ge , nd he c ni l o ce e r d or i r uso ppr c mpr tc biiy.
f
M c i l i us s a s pe wih s r c ner , he c l os tbe sl e t i i vi ua i e iy.
A r a ds e ha
t ha p or s t elul e i r os he r ndi d l nt grt
M c i l i 'dotde i i ,t e or a c r ulba a e be w e s r ngt a o benc a
A r a ds
s gn s her f e, a ef
l nc t en t e h, bs r
y, nd
m a a tzi pr c i alt Tha ba a e af e t t qua iy ofM c i l i 'pr
nuf c lrng a tc iy.
t l nc f c s he lt
A r a ds oduc . Cf Tr Fi
t . at x,
4Cf l r Bo eCop.7 2F.d8 6 8 2(e . r 1 8 )Cl c n ldigt th Bo ee cou ed sg i
. n e
s r , 7 2 6 , 7 F d Ci. 9 5 û o cu n ha te s n lsr ein s
n
(u cin l, n e o yb le eBo eso sae ns' .
fn to aqwe e d nl eiv s ' wn ttme t.)
'

5 2U. a 3 (ç p o u t e tr i f ci n li i . . fe t t ec s o q l yo te
3 S. t 3 1A) r d c f au e s un to a f t . afcs h o t r uai f h
(
t
atce' .Top r t rded e sp oe to t e t e ecru tn e wo l b t alw
ril.l
'
e mita - rs r tcin md r h s ic msa c s ud e o lo
Mc radspepeualc r ofaus u pr tfat e Se Ouaie 51 U. a 1 (t'e
Aili r t ontol
efl oduc e tl . e ltx, 4 S. t 64 tf
r
-h
fmc i lt doc rnepr nt ta m a k lw,whih s kst pr
t tona iy ti eve s r de r a
c ee o omot c
e ompe ii n by pr e tng
tto
ot c i
a fnn' r put ton,f om i t d i bii g l gii at c
i s e a i r ns ea nhi tn e tm e ompe ii by a l i a pr
tton
low ng
oduce t
ro

c tolaus f pr tfatr '
onr
eul oduc e tle.
).
The co tne no de e m i ,asM c il ds a gues w he hero he de i w oul
ur ed t t r ne
A rai r , t
t r s gns
d
pe f m e ly wel. W he a des gn i f tona t de t t a tonalt tf f to lt
r or qua l
l
n
i s unc i l m r he r dii
es or unc i na iy

(h t e t en t u epu p s -o tq ai ts) t r i û ne d'oç p c al)a o toh r
t a ts b ig he s - r o ec s- u lt et,hee s l e 't û e ulte b u t e
y
no
s
desgnpos i ltes' Tr / i 53 U. a 33. Suc i res i t y a eeve a oprae, ie
i
sbiii . a x, 2 S. t
'
h nquii , f he r
r ppr i t ars

i c esi vi ptr y t t tcf nc i lt ' Se i a 32-34;Oualt x,51 U. a 1
n as nvol ng lel t hei u tona iy. e d. t
es
'
ie
4 S. t 70

(xpann t ts ad sg slet ei v le le i i a ii t Go f l)asg iia t e ei
e liig ha lf e in' a sh tc au ' is n t b ly o c n er infc n b n ft
i
s t
t tca
ha nnotpr c i aly be du i t by t us of a t r tve desgns 't t de i i
a tc l
plca ed
he e
le na i
i , hen he s gn s

ûu to l'( t ai i orgi l ( tngResae nt( r ofUnf rCompeii j 1
f ncina''alerton n i na) quoi
ttme Thid)
ai
tton 7

( 9 3 :.Ac o dn l ,h c u t idst tM c rad 'd t e ini f to a a dg a t
19)
c r ig y t e o r fn ha Ailis o d sg s t i n l n r ns
mc
Ki el clr smo inf rsl l j d me t
mb ry- ak' to o lmma' u g n .
y
111.

Ki ry- a k ha fld ac mt cai f ca elai n ofM cAili 'ta - es
mbe l clr s ie
ot er l m or nc l to
ra ds r de dr s
r gitai Unde t La m Ac ,f de a dititc t ha t powe t t de t
e sr ton.
r he nhn
t e r l src ours ve he
r o t r he
or
c ncea i ofr sr tons i whol o i pa t ...a ot r s r tf t r se wih r s c
a lton egita i , n
e r n r,
nd he wie ec iy he egitr t e pe t

t t rgitai ofa pat t t a i ' 1 U. C.j111 Ptrua t 1 U. C.
o he e srtons ny ry o he cton. 5 S.
'
9. ls nt o 5 S.
j 1 3) i ar srtoni f tonalaco tmayc nce i a a tme.Anys hor rEs l
064( ,f egitai s unci , ur
a lt t ny i
uc de lhal
be c tf e by t c t o t Com m i s o r who s l m a a opr a e e r upon t r co ds
erii d
he our t he
s i ne ,
ha l ke ppr i t nt y
he e r

oft Pae a Trde r Ofi ' j1119.Ha ngf t tMcAil ds de i i
he tnt nd a mak fce.
'
vi ound ha
rai ' sgn s
f tonal t c t ilor r c nce l ton ofM cAi l i 'r git a i
unc i , he our w l de a la i
ra ds e s r ton.
I .
V

Though M cAil dsi it t r i age nediput f ti lon t is of
rai ns ss he e s nui
s e or ra
he sue
f i iy,t c ts esno s h di put
und onalt he our e
uc s e.M c il ds e de e ofnonf m c i na iy c it ,
A rai ' vi nc
t to lt ons s s
es e i l ofis s y- o. G i n t sar e de e off tonalt pr s nti M c il i 'ow n
s ntaly, t a s
ve he t k vi nc
unc i iy e e n A ra ds

fln s a d gv nt thelw ( e dt eCo si to )p o i isp m eu l n p le o u e u
ii g , n i e ha t a i e h n tt in r h bt e t a mo o o is n s f l
nd
u

d sg ,hec u t r n sKi ry clr smoin frs mmayj g n .
e ins t o r g a t mbel- ak' to o u r ud me ts
EN TER : ul 1 201
J y 9, 3.

A

UN I
TED STA TES D I
STRI J D GE
CT U

SBe us M c il ds do de i n i f to l a nottade dr s isf de a c ai sf i. And be us
ca e A rai ' t s g s unc i na , nd
r
es , t e r l l m a l
ca e

f r lpatntl woul pr mpta sae-a ta dr s pr e ton f af tona de i M c rai 'sae l
ede a e aw
d ee
ny tt lw r de- e s otci or unci l sgn, Ail ds tt-aw

camsas fi.S e eg, nt Bo t.n . . t e Cr tBo t.n .48 U. 1 ,1 2(98 )(çstt
li lo al e . ..Bo i as Ic v Thmd r at as Ic, 9 S. 41 5 1 9 K qae
o
l
r gulto ofi elcualpr pe t mus yi dt t e entt ti ca heswih t baa esr c by Congr s i ol
e ain ntle t
o ry t el o he xt ha t ls
t he lnc tu k
e s n tr

p tn lws' .
ae t a .)
'
7