Collier v. Land & Sea Restaurant Company, LLC

Filing 171

MEMORANDUM OPINION. Signed by District Judge Glen E. Conrad on 07/21/2014. (ssm)

CL SOFFI U.S. ST COURT
ERK'
CE
DI .
ATROANOKE,
VA
FIED
L

J 2 12 1
UL
29
I TH E UN I
N
TED STA TES D I
STRI CO U RT
CT
FOR TH E W ESTERN D I
STRI O F V I I A
CT
RG NI
R OAN O K E DI ISI
V ON
RO BERT J.CO LLI
ER,
Pl i if
a ntf ,

BJ I .
YUL DU?X CL RK

: L'ji
- t
I
F)
'
I
Y

Cas N o.7: cve
13- 00104

M EM O R AND U M O PI O N
NI

LAND & SEA RESTAURANT CO. LLC
,
d/ / FRAN K I RO W LAN D '
ba
E
S
STEA KH O U SE,
D e e ntThid- r y Pl i i f
f nda / r pa t a ntf ,

H on. l n E.Conr d
Ge
a
Chi fUnied St t DititJ e
e
t
aes src udg

PERFO RM A N CE FO OD G ROU P,I C.
N
d/ a PERFO RM AN CE FO O D
b/
SER VI V I I I ,
CE- RG N A
Thi d- r y D e e nf
r pa t f nda
Cr s a m Pl i i f
os cl i a ntf ,

SA M RU ST SEA FO O D ,I C .
N ,
Thi d- t D e enda /
r pary f
nt
Cr s li De e nt
os ca m f nda /
Fi t pa t Pl i i f
fh- r y a ntf ,

CA D E CO DE SHELLFI
SH
& SEAFO OD CO M PAN Y ,
Fi t pa t D ef nda /
fh- ry
e nt
Si h- r y Pl i if
xt pa t a ntf ,

N ORM BLO O M A N D SON ,LLC,
Si h- ry De e nt
xt pa t f nda .

Pe ng beor t c t
ndi
f e he our

moton f s mma y j
i or u r udgme fl by t r pat
nt ied
hid- ry

defnda Sa Rus Se ood,l (ç m Rus' ,i whi i s e s
e nt m
t af
nc. $Sa
t' n ch t e ks ummayj
)
r udgme a i t
nt gans

CountV1 oft s c a e
I he e ond m nded t r pa t c
hid- ry ompl i .The moton ha be n f l bre ed,t
ant
i
s e uly if he
pa tesa g t m oton a aJ 1 201 he rng,a i i now rpe f rdiposto
ri r ued he i t une 2, 4 a i nd t s
i o s ii n.

Plitf Ro r Cole alg st th s fee sro s ij re a t e r s l o e tng
anif be t l r le e ha e u fr d ei u nu is s h eut f ai
i
tunwhol s e f 'a Fr nki Row l nd' St ak
t
e om ood' t a e
a s e hous on A prl 1 2011.I t c
e
i 4,
n he ounta i s
t s ue
her - count V l- t r pa t pl i if La & Se Res a a Com pa LLC d b a Fr nki
e
l hid- ry a ntf nd
a
t ur nt
ny,
// a e

Ro a d' S e k o s (f a d & Se ' s e a d caao y j dg n ,p ru n t 28 U..
wln s t a h u e ûwn
l
a' e ks e lrt r u me t u s a t o
)
SC.
j2201 t tSa Rus i r quiedt def a i mniy La & Seaagans Colirscli .
,ha m t s e r o end nd nde f nd
i t le ' ams

Sa Ru tse s mmayj d me to t g o n s lsp i r agu n i t a La &
m s e ks u r u g n n wo r u d .t rmay r me t s h t nd
Se f ie t gi i tm e y a r as bl notc ofpli ifs c am a t t tSa Rus i
a al d o ve t i l nd e ona e ie
antf ' l i nd hus ha m
ts
unde no oblgai n t et r def nd t cl m or i m niy La & Se Sec
r
i to o ihe
e he ai
nde f
nd
a. ond, Sa Rus
m
t

a g e ta i i e tte t s mma y j d me tbe a e n i e o La d & S as c r o ae
r u s h t t s n ild o u r u g n c us et r f n
h
e ' o p rt
de i eswasa e t i ntf s c fcal whih pr uc ofSn Rus i s
sgne
bl o de iy pe ii ly
c od t
m
t s uppos t ha made
ed o ve
t pl i ifi1ort i ntf a s cfcdef ti t tpr t ECF No.10 at1
he antf 1 o de iy ny pe ii ec n ha oduc .
2 3.
For t r as dic s be ow,t cou tco l
he e ons s us ed l
he r ncudes t t ne t r of t e a gum e s
ha ihe
hes r
nt

e tte S m Ru t t s mma y j dg n .Ac o dngy, Sa Ru ts mo in f r s mmay
ni s a
l
s o u r u me t c r i l m s' to o u r
j dg n wil ed ne .
u me t lb e id
B ackcround

Alhough t s c e i ves a num be ofpl di br
t
hi as nvol
r
ea ngs ought a ns va i pa te ,a
gai t r ous r i s nd

at h t r havebe s vea o ni ar a wrte byt orgi lj
lhoug hee
en e rl pi ons le dy itn he i na udgea sgne t t s
s i d o hi
c s ,1t e m oton pr enty bef e t c ti a sr i f nv r one t t i ve onl a s ng e
ae h
i
es l
or he our s t a ght o a d
ha nvol s y i l

c am .The c t nehel swilpr de s m e g r ba kg ound fr tt hel oren t r de
li
our no t es l ovi o
ene al c r
is o p i t he ea r

1The cas w asorgi l as gned t Seni Unied St t D iti J
e
i naly si
o
or t
aes srct udge James C . Tur buthe
k,
tanseredt cas t t under i
r f r he e o he
sgned on M a 22,201 f a1 f herpr
y
4 or l urt
oceedi
ngs.

a d t e tr t mo e s e i f csr lv n t t is s rie i t s mmay j d me t
n h n u n o r p chc a t ee a t o he sue as d n he u r u g n
m oton.
i

1
.

G e alB a
ner
ckgr
ound

Asno e pl i ifi t sca e al gest the s fr d da a ,i udi s ve ebodiy
t d, antf n hi s le
ha
ufe e m ges ncl ng e r
l
da a due t f
m ge,
o ood poioni afe c u i kmwhols
s ng tr ons m ng s
t
e ome f ' a Fr nki Rowl s
oods' t a e
and'
St khous on Aprl 1 2011.ECF No.1 a 1.Hi orgi l c
ea
e
i 4,
t
s i na ompli t d d not i ntf a
an i
de iy ny
s cii f ie a t ca e of hi il s but di m a r f r nc t hi s f rng fom
pe fc ood t m s he us
s lnes ,
d ke e e e e o m ufe i r
S r ytc s lih poioni 'a saed t t he c ume a mea t t tncl d s lts
' al i helfs
pa
s ng' nd t t ha
ons d
l ha s ude he l h,
i
i

a o o he t ngs' ECF No,1a 2.Athi M a c 1 201 de ii pl i ifclrfe t ti
m ng t r hi .
'
t
s r h 7, 4 poston, antf a ii d ha n

a dto t t e me lh o d rd,wh c c nsse o Sic b r ltu e s ld se k,a ba e
d iin o h a e r ee
ih o itd f kl e eg et c , aa , ta
t
kd
pot o,apa ag ,t Budweie ll brad puddi a a c fegl'he as ti s meoft
at s r us wo
s rs, e
ng, nd ofe ,' lo red o
he
a tze so he si hi pa t had or r d.ECF No.l1 1 a 5,ColirDe a 56.Spe iialy,
ppe i r t r n s ry
de e
0- t
le p. t
c fc l

heat t ort e oyser,oneort s alops a peha hal as i J l rpo t daed
e wo hr e t s
wo c l , nd r ps f hrmp.- n e rs t
4s

M a 2 1 ,t o pan ifs e pet h ve n w o ie t a h s ij re we e c usd b h s
y 0 4 wo f litf x rs a o pn d h t i n u is r a e y i
Si ton ofs xioxi t i e o t s'a La & Se Se ECF N o. 1 a 1 ECF N o.1 a
inges i
a t n a nt d yser ' t nd
a. e
40 t 8;
41 t
1 1
2- 3.

La & Se had s r s ir fom whih i pur ha ed f
nd
a
eve al upple s r
c t c s ood,a one ofisprm a y
nd
t i r

s ir wasPeror e Food Gr I (( '.Ac r i t t de ii ofJnnie
upples
f manc
oup, nc. ;
PFG' co dng o he poston e fr
)
M i one ofPFG ' e pl es PFG s i d t oys e s t s lo , nd t s i p t La &
ka,
S m oye ,
upple he t r , he ca l ps a he hrm o nd
Se a PFG boug a l as t oys e s and s alops f om Sa Rus .ECF N o. 11 8 a 3a, nd
ht t e t he
tr
c l
r
m
t
0- t 4,
M i D e a 5 1 Addii ly, r a n s lfs t gsobt i d by t V i g ni D e rm e tof
ka p. t 4, 02.
tona l ee t i he li h a
a ne
he r i a pa t n

He t (û
a1h 1
VDH' durngisi tgai ofLa & Se a t Colirbe meil i c et tt
' i t nvesi ton
)
nd
a fer le ca l, ndiat ha he
oyser s ved t Coli st e w er s i by Sam Rus .See,e. ,ECF N o.102-1 at71.
t s er
o
ler' abl
e uppled
t
2.

A fe Coli r t l d s t aga ns La & Se
tr
le i e ui
i t nd
a,La & Sea s d PFG i a t r pa t
nd
ue
n hid- ry
c pl i .PFG i t a l br ht Sa Rus i o t s tby w a of a f t pa t c pl i ,s e
om a nt
nii ly oug
m
t nt he ui
y
ourh- ry om a nt e
ECF N o.29.l is f ur h- r y c pl i t PFG a l ged bo h a co m o l w i m nik a i
n t o t pa t om a n ,
le
t
m n a nde t ton
c ai a i t Sa Rus , as w el as a cl i f i
l m ga ns m
t
l
a m or ndem nii a i pur ua t a Foods r ce
f c ton
s nt o
e vi

Pr t Supple Agr men CkheAgre nf' bewee PFG a Sam Rus,e c e i 2009.
oducs
ir ee t t
e me ) t n
nd
t xe utd n
$eeECF No.11 9.W he Land & Se a
0n
a mende ist r pa'y c
d t hid- l ompli t add t de a at y
t
ant o
he clr or

j d me tc u ta ans S m Ru t i, o ,rle o te Ag e me tsid mnfc to p o iin.
u g n on gi t a
s, t t o eid n h r e n ' n e iiain r v so
I pe tne pa t t pr s on s a e .
n r i nt r , he ovi i t t s'

l l mnii to l ur nc
4. nde fcai n: ns a e

A. I e fc t n. S p l r g.. S m Rusj wil id mnf
nd mniiai
o u pi ie, a
e
t l n e iy,
def nd, a hol PFG, is afiit s and s i a i and t i
e
nd
d
t fla e
ubsdires
her
ofi er ,diecor ,e o sa ag nt ,a we la a c t e s
tc s r t s mpl yee nd e s s l s ny usom r
of PFG a is s i a i s ha m l s f om a aga ns any
nd t ubs di r e
r es r
nd
i t
a l ga i
le tons as e t d or dn age , la lte , l s s cos s o
s re
m s i biii s os e ,
t r

e
xpens s (ncudi r s na e at ne ' fes s
e i l ng ea o bl tor ys e ) ought i any
n
c a m ,a ton,l w s t or pr ee ng co c e w ih or a i i out
l i c i a ui
oc di
nne t d t
r sng

ofa oft f l ng( l tvey,' ai ':
ny he olowi coleci l ' ms'
C1 )

2 De t o o ij r t a ypes n d ma et a yp o e t o a y
) ah f r nu y o n ro , a g o n r p ry, r n

ot r damage or l s r uli or c am e t ha r s t i
he
os es tng
l i d o ve e uled, n
w hol or i pa t fom a qualt or ot r def c i t Pr uc ,
e
n r, r
ny
iy
he
e t n he od t
w he he l t nt o pa e ,or f iur of t Pr
t r a e r t nt
a l e he oduc t c pl w ih
t o om y t
a e e sor i pled w a r nte ora cl m s of sr c la lt i
ny xpr s
m i
r a i s ny ai
ti t i biiy n
t 4r a i t t Pr t...
ol eltng o he oduc

Not t tndi t f egoi g m Rusls l notbe labl t
wihsa ng he or ng, sa
t hal
i eo
PFG t t ex e PFG ' da a a e de e m i d t r s t f om
o he t nt
S m ges r t r ne o e ul r

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S
r s ie e
lf
sonduct ( m Rusl
. Sa
t
s l us couns lr sm a y s ts ac or t PFG i t de e e of
hal e
e ea t bl a i f t y o
n he f ns

s Cl ms PFG s lwihi t ry ( )daysafe re i of
uch ai .
hal, t n hit 30
tr cept
notce of a Cl m agai t PFG,notf I
i
ai
ns
iy sam Rusl t r f
t he eo ;
provi
ded,how ever,t f l of PFG t provi s
hat aiure
o
de uch not ce
i

t I Rusls lnotlmi t defns or i mniiaton
o sam
t hal
i t he e e nde fc i

oblgatons,except t t ext t the del has a m at al
i i
o he ent hat
ay
eri

adve e ef tupon t abiiy of I
rs fec
he lt
sam Ruslt dee s h
t o fnd uc
Cl m .
ai

ECF No.11 9,Agreme ! 1 A)2)(mphassadde .The e
0e nt 4( ( e
i
d)
mpha ied pori a ve i
sz
ton bo s

4

c r lt t is ofnotcer ie i t pe ng m o i n.
enta o he s ue
i a s d n he ndi
to
1I.

Fact R el i t N ot ce
s atng o
i

Ba e o t c t s r i s he e n,t i por a t f d s a e t e t t s w w ha PFG
s d n he our ' ulng r i he m t n a
r hos ha ho
t

knew a
bout Coli rs cli a when.On t s i s
le ' a m nd
hi s ue,Sa Rus s t f t i is undiput d
m
t e s orh n t
s e
saeme off t t PFG d dm it d t ti r c ve no no i oft ofe e de c i i t
t t nt acs hat
t te ha t e ei d
a
tce he f ns s rbed n he

c mplit o o Cole ' alg d ij re ,o o a y alg d d fd i isp o u t,u tli wa
o an, r f lirs l e nu is r f n le e ee n t r d cs n i t s
e
s r e wih ( n & S a s Thr - ryCo lita an tPFG. ECF No.1 2a 6 !3 (ii
e v d t La d e 'q idpa t mp an g is
'
'
0 t , 4 ctng
ECFNo.1 3a 5,PFG' rs et Sa Rus' r uet fra si numbe 6)
02- t
S e pons o m ts eq ss o dmison
r .
PFG wa s r ed wih t t r pa t c
s ev
t he hid- ry ompli on M a 21,201 ECF N o.26.Le st n
ant
y
3.
s ha
t r y- ys l t r
hi t da a e --on J
une 1 201 PFG s nt a l te t Sa Rus ' pr i nt r ques i Sa
0, 3e
et r o m
t s es de , e
tng m

Rus ûo i mniy a hol PFG a La & Se ha m ls f r Coli rsale tons i l ng
t l nde f nd d
t
nd nd
a r es o
le ' l ga i , ncudi

a a s mp ino ted fns t)of h smatr'ECFNo 1 0 1 . a Rus rj ce t i d ma d
n su to f h ee e s t i te .
'
. 1 - 0 S m t ee td hs e n .
On t s m eda e l l 201 - PFG fl isf t pa t c
he a
t- une 0, 3
ied t ourh- ry ompli agans Sa Rus.
a nt i t m
t
The e i a s e de e abouta c ualc
r s l o vi nc
as
onve s ton i Apr l2011 be w ee La & Se s
rai n
i
t n nd
a'
hea c f a t tm e J m es D . N e s 1 1 a PFG ' s e r pr s nt tve J nnie M i
d he t he i , a
l on 1 , nd
S al s e e e a i , e f r ka.

Spe tcal N e s t tfed t ats epoi afe t VDH i pe t d t Re t r nton Aprl
cii ly, lon esii hat om
nt t r he
ns c e he sau a
i
1 2011 hecal d M i a (ol he a
8,
,
le
ka nd i d r boutt a lge Aprl1 2011 f poioni i de
t
he le d
i 4,
ood- s ng nci nt

a VDH' s e ti pecin oft r sa a t'ECF No.11 4 a 4,Nes Af.! 11.At
nd
S ubs quen ns to
he etur n .
'
0- t
lon f
hi de ii he di notr c lt co e soft tco rato pr c s l buts d he ' ul
s poston,
d
e al he nt nt
ha nve s i n e i ey,
ai
i d
wo

h v tle t h ra u te e (eng atb et a c mei a d g tsc s t tl d n tk o
a e ak d o e bo t h r b i ) a l h t a n n o ik' ha s o o n w
'
we
s cfcal wha c us t t ge sc ... t t...gl he t i pe t wa co ngi t
pe ii ly t a ed hem o t ik but ha
the alh ns cor s mi n o
c k e r hi ' ECF N o.11 3 a 9, e s D e a 85,He a s bele d he ç oul ha s d
hec ve yt ng.
'
0- t N l on p. t
l o i ve
i
w d ve ai

s ehi a
om t ng bout t VDH bei c
he
ng once ne wih t l t r t nk a l a t' a pos i y
r d t he obse n
t e s' nd
sbl
m ento d s lfs a t
i ne he li h, lhough he di no r a l l a 1 11, e s D e a 86d t ec l. d. t 0- N l on p. t 87.

Tof lyu d rtn S m Ru tsag me t,h c u t lo s mmaie b ifyt e(ag l
ul n esa d a
s' r u n s te o r as u rz s rel h lr ey
undiputd)f t a t wha La & Seakne a whe 2 Asnoed,Colirae a La & Se
s e acs s o t nd
w nd n.
t
le t t nd
a
on Apr l 1 2011.La & Se l r d on Apr l l 2011 t t s r uni ntfe di r had
i 4,
nd
a ea ne
i 5,
ha eve al de ii d ne s
be om e ila t ra Aprl 1 2011 m e and t one w a s ili t hos t l On Apr l 1 2011
c
l fe n
i 4,
al
hat
s tl n he pia .
i 8,
,
t V DH c
he
onduc e a t r
t d ho ough i pe ton oft R e t ur nt N e s w ho w a pr e durng t
ns c i
he s a a . l on,
s es nt i he

i peci n,t siid t the g t i e so t tt VDH i pe t stbe n t f uson t
ns to e tfe ha
ot he mpr s i n ha he
ns c or d ga o oc
he
s l fs 'a wer ve y conc r d wih t l bse s ECF No.l1 3 a 6- Nelon Dep.a 68
he l ih' nd
e r
e ne t he o tr .
0- t 7, s
t 69.N e s hast tfed,t
l on
esi i hough,t tt V DH di no i or hi whi h,i a of t 25- us
ha he
d t nf m m
c f ny, he pl
f a d i pr
ood nd r nk oduc s s r d t t t e w as s pe t d t be t ca e of Coli r s alege
t e ve o he abl
us c e o
he us
le ' l d
4
f poioni 3 ECF N o. 110- at 4, Nes Af.!7.VDH di not fnd a dee t or
ood s ng.
lon f
d
i ny fcs

dek inci i t r e d pr
t e es n he eviwe oduc s ori t i ha i so a a pr pa ai n by La &
t, n he r ndlng, t r ge, nd e r to
nd

Se ,a t noacin a ns La & Se J-! 8,l ECFNo.11 7a 3,M c lse Af.
a nd ook
to gai t nd
a.J, ! 7;
0- t
Alitr f !
7;
ECF N o.1l 5 a 3- M c li t rD e a 230- t 4, A ls e p. t 24.
I J 2011 La & Se r ce ve t o l te s t t r l t d t Coli r one f om Coli r s
n une
, nd
a e i d w e t r ha e a e o
le ,
r
le '

c
ouns a one fom hi wor ' compe a i i ur l ca rer Fr m t e lte s La &
el nd
r
s kers
ns ton ns awe ri . o hes e tr , nd
Se l r d t t t s ve ey il di ' i ntt was Robe tColir ECF No. 11 7 a 4a ea ne ha he e r l l ners de iy
r
le .
0- t 5,

Mc lse Af.! 1 1 1 8;ECF No.
Alitr f ! 2- 4, 6-1

a 4,M c lser De a 24.W he t
t
Alit
p. t
n he

c pl i was fl d on M a c 1 2013, La & Se r c ve is kfr t no i t t Co le
om a nt
ie
r h 9,
nd
a e ei d t ûi s tce ha
li r

c umeds lfs a ( nd& Sea onAprl1 2011 ort thema ha s t ne paal ions
helih t La
)
i 4, , ha
y ve usai d r ytc
2Bas d on t courtsr i , however t i ue ofwhen Land & Sea fr tknew aboutColir'
he
' ulngs
e
, he ss
is
le s
cl m doesnotde e m i t tmelnes oft r r notc
ai
t r ne he i i s he equied ie.

3 Se ECF No.1 2- a 41( o ofie z dr c itp ovi dt VDH)
e
0 1 t c py tmie e ep r de o
.

6

s elihpos nn o Gui an- rés n r me( ro eo isv ra t) o boh. ECFNo 1 0a
h l s io ig r l i Ba r y d o o n f t ains, r t '
f
l
'
.1 t
1 ( tng ECF No. 11 7,Mc lse Af.! 23) La & Sea t n i ntfe t s lfs
0 cii
0Alitr f
. nd
he de iid he helih
pr t or r d by Colir st bl a t s ir oft e pr t a fld wihoutdely a
oduc s de e
le ' a e nd he upple s hos oduc s nd ie t
a
t r pa t c
hid- ry ompl nta i tPFG .
ai gans
Upon s eng t f t pa t compl i a l a ni ofSa
e i he ourh- ry
ant nd e r ng
m
Rus ' de e e a i
ts f ns nd ndem niy oblga i ,La & Sea' co els nt a l te t Sa Rus da e
t
i tons nd
s uns e
et r o m
t td

Oc o r15,
t be
2013,a ki i t de end a i
s ng t o f
nd ndemniy La & Sea ECF No.11 11. t end of
f nd
.
0- At he

J n r 2 4 Lal & S as c u s lr c i e a r s o e fo Sa Rus' i s rr rj ci
a uay 01 , l
d
e ' o n e e ev d e p ns r m m
ts n u e , ee t
ng
La & Se s de a ECF N o.1l 1
nd
a' m nd.
0- 2.
St
andard ofR evi w
e

An a r o s mmay j d me ti a p o rae ift mo a ts wst tt r i n
wad f u r u g n s p r p it i he v n ho ha hee s o
i
g n n d s ue a t a y mae ilf c a d te mo n i e t ld t j d me ta a ma tro
e uie ip t s o n
tra a t n h va t s ni e o u g n s
t
te f

lw. Fe R. v P. 6 a .n d tr nn wheh rt g a tamoi nf rs mmayj dg n ,h
a ' d. Ci. 5 () l ee mi ig te o rn
'
to o u r u me tt e
cour m us co i rt e denc i t r or asa whol s Ri c v. est f no,557 U . 557,
t t ns de he vi e n he ec d
e, ee c i D e a
S.

586(
2009) a mus drw k lr a ona ei e e es...heefo i t lghtmos fvorbl t
, nd t a s e s bl nfr nc
al
t r r m n he i
ta a e o

t e n n vig p ry. He r v.Pu n l 6 2 F.d 5 4 5 (t Ci.2 1 (n b n ) To
h o mo n a t ' n y
'
r el 5 3 2 , 31 4h r 01 ) e a c .
,
wi tn as mma yj d me tmo in, h n n mo a tmu tp o u es fi in e i e c fo
t a d u r u g n to t e o - v n s r d c u tce t v d n e r m
hs
whiharas bl ga ttnder c drt n avediti hi fvo .J.a 249-50.C ncus yor
c e ona e fc i ) oul eur
r c n s a r .S t
/
(co l or

s e ultv alg to sd n ts fie n rd e a i r s itl o e ie c 'i s p o to gh
p c aie l ai n o o u fc , o o s mee cnil f vd n e n u p r f t e
e
a
non- nts c s 'Thomps v. oma Elc.
mova 'l a e.
'
on Pot c e Powe Co.31 F. 6 649( h Ci.2002)
r , 2 3d 45, 4t r
( tngPhilpsv.
quoi
li CSX Trns .nc.190F. 285, 7( h Ci.1
a p.l ,
3d
28 4t r 999:.
Di
scuss on
i

Asnotd,Sa Rus s eks s
e m
t e ummay j me i isfvo a t La & Se s cli
r udg nt n t a r s o nd
a' am
a i t i on t gr
ga ns t
wo ounds The f r t i t t La & Se alege y f l t gi tm el notc of
.
is s ha nd
a l dl aied o ve i y i e

Coli r s c a m s t Sam Rus .The s ond i t t La & Se s r pr s nt tve ar una e t
le ' l i o
t
ec
s ha nd
a' e e e a i s e
bl o
i nt f a s cii de ec i a s ii pr
de iy ny pe fc f t n ny pec f c oduc s i d by Sam Rus .The c r add e s
t upple
t
ou t r s es
e h i t n.
ac n ur
1.

N ot ce
i
A.

The R equi N otce l G overned Sol y By t Agreem ent
red
i s
el
he

Sam Rus fr t con e , r yi on V i gi a Code Se ton 8. 607, t t Land & Se
t is
t nds el ng
r ni
ci
2ha
a

f ie t gi Sa Rus r as bl a tm ey no i oft cai ag ns i a t ti s ul be
al d o ve m
t e ona e nd i l tce he l m ai t t nd ha t ho d

d redfom a rme 'unde t tsaut Se Va.
t r r ny e dy'
ba
r ha tt e. e CodeAnn.j8. 607.La & Se co e s
2nd
a untr
t tany oblga i t gi notc t Sa Rus i gove ne s e y by t t r s oft Agr m e ,
ha
i ton o ve i e o m
ts
r d ol l
he e m
he
ee nt
a not by Se ton 8. 607.The c tc udes t t Se ton 8. 607 has no r e nc t t
nd
ci
2our oncl
ha c i
2el va e o he

cli by La & Se a i t Sn Rus.
am
nd
a ga ns m
t
l pe tne pa t Se ton 8. 607 pr de t t whe e a t nde of goods ha be n
n ri nt r, ci
2ovi s ha ,
r
e r
s e
a ce ed,( hebuye m us wihi a r as bl tm eafe he dic r ors d ha dic r d
c pt k
t
r
t t n e ona e i
tr
s ove s houl ve s ove e

a brac notf t s le ofbrac orbe bard fom a rme ' Va.Code Ann.j8.
ny e h iy he elr
e h
re r ny e dy.
'
2-

6 7 3 () Co n 4 t t a p o iin ea o ae t a ûth tme o n tfc to i t b
0 ( )a . mme t o h t r vso lb rts h tç l e i f o iiai n s o e
l
de e m i d by a yi com m e c a sa r t a m er ha buye . 1 c t 4.Sa Rus as e t
t r ne
ppl ng
r i l t nda ds o
c nt
r' d. m .
'
m
t s rs
t t La & Se kne of Coli r s c a m aga ns i i 201l ye r bef e Sa Rus w as e r
ha nd
a
w
le ' l i
i ttn
- a s or m
t
ve
notfed a
ii bout t c a m - a t t t La & Se s d be tba r d f o a r m edy.'V a.
he l i
nd hus ha nd
a houl
d r e r m ny e
'

CodeAnn.j8. 607( ()
2- 3)a .
N ot bl how e r t c ai he e i br ug pur ua t t a wr te i m nik a i n
a y,
ve , he l m
r s o ht
s n o
it n nde f t o

agr e e be we n Sa Rus a PFG,t whi h La & Se i a t r pary be fca y.As
e m nt t e
m
t nd
o
c
nd
a s hid- t ne ir

J
udgeTu knotd i hi proro de (nwhihhedimis d PFG' c
r e n s i r ri
c
s se
S ommon lw i mnii to
a nde tcain
cai a Sa Rus' ur ng) She e e s i
l ms t m
ts gi , t
t xprs ndemnii ai clus
tc ton a e

8

govens t
r he

i mniiai oblgai bewe ( a Sam Rusqa ...pr cudes a i i or
nde fc ton i tons t en PFG nd
t nd
el
ny mpled
com m on 1 i
aw ndem ni cat on i t s case.'ECF N o.52 at 1.The A gr ent al s s fort t
fi i n hi
'
eem
so et
h he

i m nii a i o i tons ow ed by Sa Rus t PFG ' c t e s s h a Land & Sea.The
nde fc ton blga i
m
to
S us om r , uc s

r l t notc r quie e s a e a s gove
e aed i e e r m nt r lo
nwd by t Ag e m e .Acc di l Se ton 8. 607
he r e nt
or ng y, c i
2neihergove nsnori or st tm ei s oft eoblga i .4
t
r
nf m he i lne s hos
i tons
B.

The A gr em e Requi e O nl ThatPFG G i N otc t Sam Rus
e nt
rs
y
ve
ie o
t

Sa R us a g s i t aler tve t tt t e e t notc oblga i a e gove ned
m
t r ue , n he t na i , ha o he xt nt he i e i tons r
r

by t Agr e ntbe wee PFG a Sa Rus,La & Se ssa usasat r pa t be ii r
he
e me
t n
nd m
t nd
a' tt
hid- ry nefc a y
oft Ag e m e mea i i bound by t t ms oft Ag e m e ,a t tLa & Se was
he r e nt
ns t s
he er
he r e nt nd ha nd
a
r quie t gi notcet Sa Rus butf ie t do s La & Se co e t t unde t pl i
e r d o ve i o m
t
al d o
o. nd
a nt nds ha ,
r he an
a una bi uous l nguag of t A g e m e ,t onl pa t t t i r qui e t gi notc of a
nd
m g
a
e
he r e nt he y r y ha s e r d o ve i e
cl i t Sa Rus i PFG , a t t PFG ga tm e y notc t r by s ts yi a notc
am o m
t s
nd ha
ve i l
i e, he e
a i f ng ny i e
oblga i of La & Se
i tons
nd
a.A ga n, Land & Se s a g e i pe s s ve bas on a pl i
i
a' r um nt s r ua i , ed
an
r di oft Agr m e .
ea ng he
ee nt
Si f c nty, whie t A gr e e oblga es Sa Rus t de e a i m niy I
gnii a l
l he
e m nt i t
m
t o f nd nd nde f S
PFG

a isc t e s'ag ns c ran cli s i ma sno me i ofa r quie e oroblga i
nd t usom r ' ai t e ti am , t ke
nton
ny e r m nt
i ton
f a c t e t gi notc die ty t Sa Rus.l t ad,t A g e m e r f r nc onl
or ny usom T o ve ie r cl o m
t nse he r e nt e e e es y
w ha no i m us be gi by PFG.M or ove , he tm i oft tno i e i expr s l de nde on
t tce
t
ven
e r t i ng ha t c s
e s y pe nt
w he PFG r c ve notc oft cl i ,t w i:
n
e ei s i e he a m o t
4 t.a d & se o f r a iina r a on wh Se to 8.- 07 i i p ia ehee icudng: 1
n
a fes ddto l e s s y cin 2 6 s na plc bl r, n l i ( )
t sat e apples onl w her a buyer cl m s br h of w a r y,but her Land & Sea i s ng a
he t ut
i
y
e
ai
eac
r ant
e
s eeki

d f n ea i e fc to a ( )t e saued sn a pl wheet pa te aeno i adie tbu r
e e s nd nd mniiain; nd 2 h tt t oe ot p y r he ris r t n rc yes le r a ins p Se ECF No.l 0a 21( olci v ro a t ort icudi Ke rv. trDi , 2
elr elto hi. e
l t c le tng a ius u h i n l ng r Hun e v.3
y,
Va Ci.4 ( .Ci.Ct 1 1,h di t a j8. 60 3)a -- rise ui ln i ot rsaes oe n t
. r 97 Va r . 98 ) ol ng h t 2- 7( () o t q vae t n he tt --d s o
r r a buyert gi ar ot s lrnotce ofa br
equie
o ve em e ele
i
each ofwar a y asa c ton pr
r nt
ondii ecede t r
nt o ecover
y

a ans t ts lr. c r d sn ta drs t e ea g me t i lg to isr lng heei
g i t ha ele) The ou t oe o d e s h s r u ns n ih f t ui s r n.

9

PFG s l wihi t ry ( da atr r ei of notc ofa
hal, t n hit 30) ys fe ec pt
ie
Cli a an tPF n tf g a Rus)te e f p o i e , we e ,
am g is G, o iy s m
t h ro ; r v d d ho v r
t tfiur ofPFG t pr vi s h notc t ( Rusls l no
ha al e
o o de uc ie o Sam t hal t
lm i t de e e or i m nii a i n oblga i , e e t t
i t he f ns
nde f c to
i tons xc pt o he
e e t tt del y ha a m a e i la r e ef e t upon t abiiy
xt nt ha he a s
t r a dve s f c
he lt

o g a Ru t t d fn s c Cli
f s m s) o ee d u h am.
ECFNo.11 9,Agre nt!1 A)(mpha i a d)
0e me
4( e
ss dde .
TheAgr me pl i y and una bi
ee nt anl
m guousy s t outt oblgai asbe we n Sam Rus
l es
he i tons
t e
t
and a ofPFG' c t r ,s h a La & Sea. hie i oblga e Sam Rus t i m niy a
ny
S usome s uc s nd
W l t i ts
t o nde f nd
def nd PFG a ûa c t e sofPFG, i doesnotr quie a notceby t e c t r ,o y
e
nd tny usom r
't
'
e r ny i
hos usome s nl
by PFG .The c tmay not a wilnot r ad s h a oblga i it t Agr e e whe e
our
- nd l - e uc n i ton n o he
e m nt
r
t pa tescoul have i l
he r i
d
nc uded one and c e no t See Landm a k HH H .LLC v.G iH w a Pa k,
hos t o.
r
r

6 S. 2d 1 3 1 7 ( . 0 9 (o r itr rtn c nr c u d rVignalw mu tE o sr ei
71 E. 4 , 4 Va 2 0 ) c u t nep eig o ta t n e r i i a
s s n tt t
c z
aswrte a wilnota tr t pa te t ms l sdi noti ude';PBM Nutii l.
itn nd l
dd e ms he ris he eve d
ncl '
l
rtonas
LLC v.Le nct l . ,72 S. 2d707,71 ( 201 tame .
xi on ns Co. 4 E.
4 Va. 2) s l
Addii ly,t t r ûPFG ' i t f egoi quot t o f o t A g ee e t ea t be
tona l he e m '
' n he or ng
a i n r m he r m n nno

r a t i ude c l tvey PFG' a fla e or is c t e s s h as La & Se Thi i s
e d o ncl
olec i l
S fiit s t usom r , uc
nd
a. s s o
be aus i ne r pa agr phsoft Agr men ,t r a e r pe t r f r nc t 'PFG a is
c e n a by r a
he
ee t he e r e a ed e e e es o C
nd t

atlae g 't S o isc tmes,'a dt C o aPFG c so r'S eECF No 1 0 9
fiits, 'o C
l PFG r t uso r g ' n o C
j
PFG r
u t me . e
'
. 1 -,
Ag e me ! 1 l The erfr esr i or t twhent pate i e
r e nt ! 3B, 4B. s eeenc enf ce ha
he ris ntndeds t ngt
omehi o
r f r t PFG a o he e ii s t y unde s ood how t t n t phr e.By con r t s nc t
ee o
nd t r ntte , he
rt
o ur he as
t as , i e he
notc pr s on r f r onl t PFG ,i ca o y be r a t m ea PFG a no is c t e s o
i e ovi i e e s y o
t n nl
ed o
n
nd t t us om r r
a fla e . See Sm ih Bar vs l v. Crtc l H e lh Svs, 21 F. 858,861 (t Ci.2000)
f ii t s
t
ne nc.
ii a
at
. 2 3d
4h r
us o t i
i pl ha
( yi i c rc c e e esi uni es excl i alerus, or prnci e t t where
appl ng, n onta t as , xpr so us t
pa tc a l nguag a
ri ul r a
e ppea s i one s c i but i om it d i a t r t t om i son s d be
r n
e ton,
s
te n no he , ha
s i houl

de me i e inal cf Clr v.Abs ut Cole ton Se v. l ,741 F. 487,491 (t Ci.
e d ntnto l; . ak
ol e lci
r . nc.
3d
4h r
10

201 ( crbi prnci ei sat o' c e ) Thus t c twilno co tuei t i ean
4) des i ng i pl n t utl ontxt. ,he our l t nsr t o mpos
y
oblga i on PFG ' c t m e s asw e l
i ton
S us o r ,
l.
A snot d by La & Se m or over i i unde s a bl t tt pa test t A gr em e
e
nd
a, e
,t s
r t nda e ha he r i o he
e nt
de i d nott r qui e notce die ty f om a PFG c t e t Sa Rus .Si e a PFG c t e
c de
o e r
i
rcl r
us om r o m
t nc
us om r
t c ly w oul not e n know a
ypi a l
d
ve
bout t A g ee en ' e s e e,l t al t s cii of any
he r m t s xi t nc e one he pe fcs

notc pr sons r l t t de e e and i m niy oblga i ,i i s nsbl t no i pos a
ie ovii
e aed o f ns
nde t
i tons t s e i e o t m e ny
notc oblga i on a c t e .
i e i ton
usom r

Sa Rus ar s howe r t tt c tsi e r t ton oft A g ee e woul al
m
t gue ,
ve , ha he our' nt p e ai
he r m nt
d low
La & Sea t gi no no i a al t Sa Rus , r t t a ntf s cl i t ... r c ,s f ra
nd
o ve
tce t 1 o m
t t y he d i if a m o
pl
ve di t uf e

m uli ilon dolarve ditand t n cli de e e c t and i mniy a i tSa Rus.'ECF
tm li
l
r c
he am f ns oss
nde t ga ns m
t'
N o.11 a 5.A s l as PFG ha notr ce ve notc m o e t n t ry da be or Land & Se
7 t
ong
d
e i d i e r ha hit ys f e
a

s hti mnii ton,Sam Rus woul be oblga e t pay t e c t a i mniy Land &
oug nde fcai
t
d
i td o
hos oss nd nde f

Sea.Sa Rus aguest ts h ars twoul bec r r t Vigi alw a Ca ur 'SeeLJ
m
tr
ha uc e ul
d ontay o r ni a nd tbs d.
' IS
.
Sa Rus ' a gum en on t s poi i u e bl The f c ua s na i pr s nt d by Sa
m
ts r
t
hi
nt s nt na e.
a t l ce r o e e e
m
Rus i no w ha i pr en her H e e,La & Se g notce t PFG ,who,i t n,ga tm e y
ts t
t s es t e. r
nd
a ave i o
n ur
ve i l
notc t Sa Rus . La & Sea a s ga die t no i t Sa Rus , a Sa Rus has
ie o m
t nd
l o ve r c tce o m
t nd m
t
pari i t d f l i t sl s t
tc pa e uly n hi aw ui.
l a e
n ny vent Sa Rus ' hypot tc l s e r o no onl i es PFG ' pos ton i t
, m
ts
he i a c na i t y gnor
S ii n he
pa te 'r l t o hi but i a s a pos i e r s t onl i t hypot tca pa t i La & Sea'
ri s e a i ns p,
s lo
s bl e ul y f he
he i l r y n nd
s
pos ton utlz a e m o l r s ltga i s r t
ii
ii es n nor usy i ky ii ton t a egy.A s um i as i t i t nt c e,t t
s ng, n he ns a as ha
La & Se s hy t tca c e pa tha no co r c ua no i oblga i t t hy t tc
nd
a' po he i l ount r r d
nt a t l tce i ton o he po he i al
part i PFG ' posii t
y n
S
ton, hen Land & Sea' hypot i count par w oul ow e a notce
s
hetcal
er t
d
i

oblga i t PFG ' c
i ton o
S ount r r unde t c m o l w ,as c t e undert V igi a s a ut
e pa t
r he om n a
odii d
he r ni t t e.

Eve i La & Se s c epa tkne a
n f nd
a' ount r r
w bouta i m nii ton pr son bewe n iss pple
n nde fcai
ovii
t e t u ir
a Snm Rus ' co t r r lke t one he e no pr de pa t i La & Sea' poston wo d
nd
ts un e pa t i he
r,
u nt ry n nd
s ii
ul
f i t gi no i t is s i r c
a l o ve tce o t upple ount p a t Of c s once t t notc oblg ton ac nz
e r.
our e,
ha
ie i a i
c ed,

PFG' c er r woul becon r c ualy r quie t gi no i t Sam Rus .St t smpl t
S ount pa t
d
ta t l e r d o ve tce o
t aed i y, he
hypot tca s e r o pr pos by Sa Rus i s unlke y t oc ur as t r nde Sa Rus '
he i l c na i o ed
m
ts o
i l o c
o e r m
ts
a g e l ga l i i fca .M o e r t t e e t tt r i a po e i lf a Sa ur
r um nt e ly ns gni i nt
r ove , o he xt nt ha he e s ny t nta or n ibs d

r s t' i e ss o y bec us of s tom i i t notc pr so of Sam Rus '
e ul, t xit nl
'
a e
horc ngs n he
i e ovii ns
ts
i mnii ton a e ntwih PFG.
nde fcai gr eme
t
l isr pl m e andum ,Sa Rus alo diput La & Se sar
n t e y mor
m
t s s es nd
a' gume son t gr
nt
he ound
t tt ar a1bas on t i ale'pr m iet tt Re tur nti a r m ot buye noti prviy
ha hey e l ed
he k s ' e s ha he sa a s e e
f
r
n it
w ih Sa Rus . Sa Rus a gue t s pr m i e i f s bec us La & Sea i a t r pa t
t
m
t m
t r s hi e s s al e
a e nd
s hid- r y
be i i r of t A gr em e be w e n PFG a Sa Rus a as s
netc a y
he
e nt t e
nd m
t nd, uch,Land & Se s c ai s
a' l m

k r s be tt alo ted fns st tS m Rus ma h v h da ans P t eoh rp ryt t e
s e u j c o 1 f h ee e ha a
a
t y a e a g i t FG,h t e a t o h
c rc.'ECF No.11 a 2.Sa Rus r le on Vigi aCodeAnn.j55- a t a hort
onta t'
7 t
m
t eis
r ni
22 nd he ut iy
cied i St t Fa Fi e & Ca ua t Com pa v. a i i M ut ll ur nc Com pany,596 F.
t n a e nn r
s ly
ny N tonw de
ua ns a e
--

Supp.2d 940,946- ( D.Va.2009) The es ur e undes or t ge r llga pr ii
47 E.
. s o cs
rc e he ne a e l opostons

t a a tid- ry b n fcay i ko n b te tr o t c nr c,a d s be tt d fn e
h t hr pa t e eiir sû u d y h ems f he o ta t n u j c o e e s s
b
aii o to tec n rc'a d ta t tid- ry b n fcay srg t ae s be tt çl e p e s
rsng u f h o ta t n h t i hr pat e eiir ' ih s r u j c o al x r s
'
a
ori id c tonsafe tng t prmie i whih he i i eese ''l ( ttonsomitd)
mple ondii
fci he o s n c
s ntr td.' d. ciai
te .
Bas d on t sl w ,a t f tt tLa & Se m a no co e i t ti d r c l notfed Sa
e
hi a nd he ac ha nd
a kes
nt nton ha t i e ty ii
m

Rus a a1 e ep vi t flng of is own lws ta ns Sa Rus,Sn Rus c e t t
t t l xc t a he ii
t
a ui gai t m
t m
t ont nds ha
Land & Se m a not m a nt i is c ai s a ns Sa Rus bec us i di notpr de notce t
a y
i a n t l m gai t m
t a e t d
ovi
i o
Sam Rus i atm el f hi
t n i y as on.

1
2

Sa Rus- a i i es t pl i l nguage of t A gr e e is l . s zl t
m
t ga n- gnor he a n a
he
e m nt t e f vlie he
i m niy pr s on expr s l c er a be i on PFG ' cus om e s i i pos s no no i
nde t ovi i
e s y onf s
neft
S t r, t m
e
tce
oblga i a a l on t e c t e s t pr son onl i pos s h a oblga i n on PFG .
i tons t l
hos us om r ; he ovi i
y m es uc n
i to
Thus La & Se as a t r pa t be fci r i i d bound by t t r s of t notc
, nd
a,
hid- r y ne i a y, s ndee
he e m
he i e
pr s on,but t e t m s r r onl t t PFG gi notce The pa te c r a nl coul ha
ovi i
hos er equie y ha
ve i .
ri s e t i y
d ve
i pos d s h a oblga i on a t r pa t be i i r bu t
m
e uc n
i ton
hid- ry nefc a y, t hey c e not t do s The
hos
o
o.
oblga i w ilnotbe i pos d by t c ther .Se Landm a k HH H .LLC,671 S. 2d a 1
i ton l
m
e
he our e e
r
E. t 47.

TheNotc Gi n By PFG W asSufii nt Unde t Agre m e , o Tri
ie ve
fc e ,
r he
e nt t
gger
Sam R us ' D ut t D e end A nd l
ts
y o f
ndem niy L a & Se
f
nd
a
Ha ng deer ne t tt e e sa una g ust r soft Agr e e gove n t
vi
t mi d ha he xpr s nd mbi uo e m
he
e m nt
r he
notc oblga i he e i i pl i t t t onl notc r quie i t t I
i e i tons r , t s a n ha he y i e e r d s ha L
PFG s l,w ihi t ry
ha l t n hi t

( daysafe r eptofnotc ofa Cli a ns PFG,notf ( Rusjt rof.... ECF
30)
tr ec i
ie
am gai t
iy Sam
t hee
'
'
No.11 9,Agre nt! 1 A)
0e me
4( .
He e,PFG r ceve notc of Coli rs cli whe i wa s ve wih t t r pa t
r
e i d ie
le ' a m
n t s er d t he hid- ry
com pl ntby La & Sea o M a 21 20l ECF N o.26.W ihi t t ry days s f t i t
ai
nd
n y , 3.
t n he hi t
et orh n he
A gr em e e nt -on J 10,201 PFG s ta l tert Sa Rus ' pr i ,r
une
3en e t o m
t s esdent eque tng Sn Rus
si
m
t

k o i mniy a hol PFG a La & Sea ha ml s f r Colir s a lga i ,i l ng a
t nde f nd d
t
nd nd
r es o
le ' le tons nc udi n

a s i oft deens s oft smal r'ECFNo.11 1 Addiinal PFG fldisfurhsumpton he f et) hi te .
'
0- 0. to ly,
ie t o t
pa t compli (ae r-ie a a cos cam)a i tSa Rus on t s me dae.Thus t
ry
ant ltr efld s r s li gans m
t he a
t
, he
c te iy conc udes t tPFG g tm e y notc t Sa Rus - t onl no i e r r d by t
our as l
l
ha
ave i l
ie o m
t he y t c equie
he
A gr e e - a t t Sa Rus i t oblga ed t de e a i m niy PFG a La & Se
e m nt nd ha m
t s hus i t o f nd nd nde f
nd nd
a
agai tColi ' cl m s.
ns
ler s ai

To t e e t t Sa Rus s
he xt nt ha m
t ugge t t t PFG had notc of t Cl i ea le , when
s s ha
ie
he a m ri r
N el on t d PFG ' M i t t a di r ha be om e i1a t r had bee a i pe ton,t co '
s ol
S ka ha
ne d c
1 nd he e
n n ns c i he ul
t

di ag e s l s e cic s a es or unde s i l di f r ntf t ,i m i ht be a q s i of f c
s r e . n om
r um t nc ,
r lghty f e e ac s t g
ue ton
at
a t whe he or not t s c
s o
t r
hi onve s ton co tt e notc t PFG . I t s c e, how e r i i
rai
ns iut d i e o
n hi as
ve , t s

o ous t tt c
bvi ha he onver ai bewee M i a Ne s di not a a m a trof lw,c tt e
s ton t n ka nd lon d , s
te
a onsiut

i oie o a Cli 'a d fne i te Ag e me t S e ECF No.1 0 9,Ag e me t! 1 A.
i tc f
n
am' s ei d n h
re n . e
1re n
4
Si fc nty, t pari t t tc
gni i a l bo h tes o ha onve s ton a e cl art tt y w e e nota a e t ta
r a i r e ha he
r
w r ha ny

pr ts i by Sa Rus wasa us d,ort tColi rwa cai ng a pr ts id by
oduc uppled
m
t
cc e
ha
le s l mi
oduc upple
Sa Rus madehi il Furhe m or ,t ve y ge r lkno e t tadi rbe a e s ve e y il
m
t
m l. t r e he r ne a
wl dge ha
ne c m e r l l
afe ea i a a r t ur nt ca
tr tng t esa a
nnotco tt e note of a Cl i a de i i t Agr e e ,
nsiut
ie
am s fned n he
e m nt
w hi h i ta cl i ,a t o l w s t o pr e ng c m ec ed w ih or ar sng out of'a c ai ed
c s s ny a m c i n, a ui r oc edi ol t
t
ii
lm

dee ti a Sn Rus pr t Se ECF No.11 9,Agreme ! l A) l e i wasn0tuntl
fc n m
t oduc. e
0e nt 4( . nde d,t
i
l a tr t s ltga i wa fld t t pli tf fnaly i ntfed whi h pr t he be ives
ong fe hi ii ton s ie ha a n if i l de ii
c oduc
le

c u e hsij re .
a s d i n u is
Fo a1te er a o s t ec u t o cu e S m Rus i n te tte t s mmayj d me t
r l h s e s n , h o r c n ld s n
t s o ni d o u r u g n
l
due t a l c ofno i
o ak
tce.
Il.

Faiure t ldentf A ny Specii Productor A ny D ef
l
o
iy
fc
ect

Asas c ndg o n f rs mmayj d me t S m Rus ag e b ifyt a b c u en i r
e o r u d o u r u g n, a
t r u s rel h t e a s et
he
of Land & Se s cor a e desgne was a e t i tf s cfc l t pr t t t i
a'
por t
i es
bl o den iy pe iialy he oduc ha s
s
uppos t ha m a Coliril o a def ti t tpr t La & Sea' cai as f l on
ed o ve de le l, r ny ec n ha oduc , nd
s l m lo ais
is m e is.La & Se c
t
rt
nd
a ount r t t Sa Rus ' a g e i es t c e r a unam bi uous
e s ha m
ts r um nt gnor he l a nd
g
pr s ons of t A gr em e ,whi h t i er Sa Rus ' i m nii a i a de e e oblga i
ovii
he
e nt
c r gg
m
t s nde t c ton nd f ns
i tons

ast ' ny cam,a ton,lws torpr e ngc me td wihoraii outof...nur t a
o l li ci a ui
a
oce di ol ce t
rsng
ij y o ny
per
son . . . r uli or cl m ed t have res t i w hol or i part f om ' Sam Rus s
es tng
ai
o
ul ed, n
e
n
, r '
t'

14

p o u t.ECF No.1 0,Ex.9 Ag e me t! 1 ( ( )(mp a i a d d .Th c u tb le e
r d cs
1
, r e n 4 A)2 e h ss d e ) e o r eiv s
La & Se ha t m or per uas ve a gu e on t s i s .
nd
a s he
e s i r m nt hi s ue

Hee Co l ri camig h sij re ao efo s elih.I i u d s u e t tt eo l
r , li s li n i nu is r s r m h l s t s n ip td ha h ny
e
f
s lf s he c um e w e e s i by PFG,w ho pur ha ed t m f om Sa Rus .l i no f t l
he li h
ons d r uppled
c s he r
m
t t s t aa

t iscli t tLa & Se sco por e r pr s nt tves durng t rde ii ,we euna et
o t a ms ha nd
a' r at e e e ai , i hei postons r
bl o
i ntf e c l whi h pr
de iy xa ty
c
oduc s m a ha ha m e Coli r or t e c na ur of t c a m ed
t
y ve r d
le
he xa t t e
he l i

d fc.l i s fiin t tCole h s alg d ij re S li d t h ve r s le ' fo S m
ee t t s u fce t ha l r a le e nu is t ame o a e utd' r m a
i
c
Ru tsp o u t. et.Th , m Rus' mo inf rs mmayj dg n o t i g o dwilb
s' r d cs Se ls us Sa
ts to o u r u me t n h s run l e
de e
ni d.
C oncl on
usi

Fort f egoi r ons Sa Rus' motonf s
he or ng eas , m ts i or ummayj
r udgme ,ECF No.101, l
nt
wil
be de e The Cl k i di e t t s nd c es of t s m e or ndu opi on a t
ni d.
er s r c ed o e
opi
hi
m a m
ni
nd he
a c pa ng or rt a lc
c om nyi
de o 1 ouns ofr c d.
el e or

/ - tl
t Ex-ER:r s :1 d yo uy 2 4.
r 'hi
a
l, 01

Chi fU nie St t s Di t i tJ
e
t d a e s rc udge