Wingate v. Insight Health Corp. et al

Filing 38

MEMORANDUM OPINION. Signed by Judge Samuel G. Wilson on 5/10/2013. (eot)

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M EM OR ANDUM O PI ON
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By:Sam uelG .W ison
l
Uni ed St esD i ri Judge
t
at
st ct

Pl ntf Sha o G. i t ,a tngast e ut ofhe h ba se t t ,br tt s
ai if r n W nga e c i
he xec or
r us nd' sa e ough hi
a t o i t Cic tCour f rt Ciy ofRoa
c i n n he r ui
t o he t
noke a i tde e
ga ns f ndan s I i H e 1h Cor
t ns ght a t
p.

CçHC' ,wo1 physca , ndI geGui dPanM a me .M s W i t ssae-our
I ' t HC
)
iins a ma
de i nage nt . ngae' tt c t
c pl ntalege t tt def nda sac e ne i nty,fa enty, i v olton oft
om ai l s ha he e nt t d glge l r udul l and n i a i
he
Vigi aCons rPr e ton Ac by obt i ng c n i t m ehyl e s onea tt
r ni
ume ot c i
t
ani ontm naed t pr dni öl
ce ae

(ç PA' a i e tbl se oi c
ç
M ' n njca e tr d ommonl us dt te ts li a pan)fom t Ne
y e o xa welng nd i r he w
Englnd Co mdi Ce e (C
a
mpot ng ntr G
NECC' a a nitrngi t he hus
' nd dmi sei to r band,c usnghi t
)
a i m o
deveop a sr i off ng m e ngii t tpr d f t l M s W i t scli a e sm ia t t e
l
tan u al ni ts ha ove a a . . ngae' a ms z i l r o hos
t tanum be ofpl ntfsha r e l asere i sxt n ot rsae- our lws t a i t
ha
r
ai if ve ec nty s td n i ee he t t c t a uis gans

I Afe mo et nt eemont ofsaeco tpr e ngs l r move t sa i tndt
HC. tr r ha hr
hs tt- ur oc edi , HC e
d hi cton a he
sxte ot slkei)t fdealc t s t 28U. C.j1 basdont cams
i e n her i t o e r our puruanto
S.
334, e
he li '
pu pored r l to t N ECC ' ongoi Cha e 11 bn
r t e ai n o
S
ng
pt r
nknl c i t D i ti tofM as a hus ts
pt y n he s r c
s c e t.
M s W i t hasf l d a m oton t r a t s a ton t sa e co ti w hi s a guest t
. nga e
ie
i o em nd hi c i o t t ur n
ch he r
ha

I Sr movalpeii wa t i l a j ditonal det e t Falngt tM s W i t
HC' e
tton s mtmey nd mis ci ly kin . ii ha, . ngae

a g e ,hec u t ho l a ti fo e ecsngr ltd-oj s ito o s o l rma dt e
r u s t o r s ud bsan r m x rii eae t mid cin, r h u d e n h
a i n o e t bl g ot ds I C ' c f
cto n quia e r m . H S ode enda s D r J l M a hi ,Dr Robe tO ' i n,a
nt , . o m
t s .
r Bre nd

:

CL
ERK

t s
l g Gu d dPanM a g me t h v j ie i M s W ig t ' mo in The cour as um es
ma e i e i na e n , a e on d n . n aes to .

wih u d cdngt a ih sr ltd t j s ito o e t i matr b tfn sta I Sn tc o
t o t e ii h tt a eae -o mi dcin v r hs te , u id h t HC' o ie f
r movalwa t i ey ald r mandst a i on t tba i . I t a tr tve t c r absans
e
s mtm l a e
he cton
ha ss n he le nai , he ou t t i
fom he i t sm al rpur ua t t ma t y a tnto pr son t Congr si l d
'
r
arng hi te
s nt o he nda or bs e i n ovii hat
es nc ude
e ha
he
e
he i
t e ounds
i 28U. C. 1 3 .W er t tnotenough,t courtr mandst acton on equiabl gr
n
S. j 3 4

purua t 28U. C.j 1 b) Acc di y,heco tgrnt M s W i ae' motont
s nt o
S. 452( . or ngl t ur a s . ng t s i o
rm a
e nd.
1.

l a e f t o a lvit hi c oni s de pai M s W i t shus nd c ule hi
n n for t le a e s hr c houl r n, . nga e' ba ons t d s

fmiyd co , oi t r r fre M r W i g t t l 1f raseo dij cin.Th r , d co
a l o t rwh n ' n e erd . n ae o HC o tr i n e to
u
ee a o tr
g v M r W i g t a e dza ij ci no M PA.Ac o dn t M s W i g t' c mp an ,ha
a e . n ae n pit l ne to f
r
c r ig o . n aes o litt t
M PA wa pa tofal r no se ieba c t tN ECC ha m a a t e i mi 201 Ove t
s r
a ge, n-t rl t h ha
d nuf c ur d n d- 2.
r he
ne t e ve da ,M r W i t s f r d he da he ,s i tr s a a s r e ofs r st t1 d t hi
xt w l
ys . nga e uf e e a c s e z le , nd e i s t oke ha e o s

de t Them e c le m i rr po td t tM r W i t ' ca eofdeah wasf nga me ngii .
a h.
di a xn ne e re ha . nga e s uj
t
u l ni ts
On Nove be 20, 2, s W i a ebr htadi riy- edl ws tagans NECC i
m r 201 M . ng t oug
ve st bas a ui i t
n
t sco as e tngva i neg i nc a pr t -ibiiy t i .Ot M pA- fe t d
hi mt s ri
rous lge e nd oduc s la lt heores her
afce

idviu l tndt ee ttso t o ewh h dde fo t ec na n tdM PA)as b g n
n i d as a h sae f h s o a id r m h o tmiae
lo e a
brngi s ta ns N ECC i va i s a e a f r lf r . Lite m or t n a m ont l t r
i ng ui gai t
n rous t t nd ede a o a tl
e ha
h ae ,

NECC fldf ba u c i M asa husts a e tt tsa pl s ntt 11U. C.j362,
ie or nkr pty n s c et- n ven ha tyed, z ua o
r
S.
t pli if 'c am sagans NECC. M s W i t t n fld aDe mbe 27,201 c
he antf s l i
i t
. ngae he ie
ce r
2, ompli
ant
a i t1 i t Cic tCour f rt Ciy ofRoa
ga ns HC n he r ui
t o he t
noke,ca mi m e c lne i nc
li ng di a glge e,
ne i ncepe s ,gr sne i nce fa a vi a i oft Vigi a Cons e Pr t c i
glge
r e os glge , r ud, nd oltons he r ni
um r o e ton
A c . Ot rpl i tf ss fl d s m ia co pl nt a ns I C. M s W i t pr vi d I C '
t he a n if oon ie i l r m ai s gai t H
. nga e o de H S
1l wasdoi busne sasI i l gi Roa
HC
ng i s nsght ma ng- noke.

c
ouns wih a c ofhe c m pl nto t s me da s fl d i,a s s r ed I S
el t opy
r o ai n he n
y he ie t nd he e v HC'

r gsee a e teg t a ltr Th saec u t c e ue t ematrf ras v n d yj r til
e itrd g n i h d ys ae . e tt o r s h d ld h te o e e - a u y ra
t be nonAprl21 201 I ll ade rrt t c ant( c t pari ar di
o gi
i , 4. HC ied mure o he ompli whih he tes gue n

F b u r ) tepa t se g g di d so e y a dM s W ig t mo e f rp rils mmay
e r ay ,h ri n a e n ic v r , n . n ae v d o a t u r
e
a
j g n .Thesaec u t e ta moinf ra Ap i 5 2 3 h mi .
ud me t
tt o r s th t to o n rl , 01 , e ng
M e n ie teJ diil n l nMul dsrc LiiainCS
a wh l,h u ca Pa e o
t itit tg t MDL P ne' be a
i
o
a l) g n
'
c oldai t va i l uisagans NECC.TheM DL Pa lcons i e t sr toft e
ons i tng he rous aws t
i t
ne
oldatd he s hos
l ws t o Feb ua y 1 201 i t Unie Stt sDititCou tf t Diti of
a uis n r r 2, 3, n he t d a e src
r or he srct
M as a hus ts On M a c 1 h, he Cha e 11 Bn
s c el .
r h 0t t
pt r
nkna c Tr t i t ong ng N ECC
pt y usee n he oi

b nk u typ oc e i gfldamoint ta frmo et nffyp ro lij r a dwr n f l
a r pc r e d n ie
t o rnse r ha it e s na-n u y n o g uo
d ahc s st t mutd src l iainp rua t o2 U. C. j1 7 b ( )a d 1 3 .Th
e t a e o he liitit i g to u s n t 8 S. j 5 ( )5 n 3 4 e
t
Bn k u t yTr se t o tep sto t a an mb ro t o ec s s(n ldngt i o e wee
n rp c u te o k h o i n h t u e f h s a e icu i h s n ) r
i
ç el t d t ' ECC' bn
t a e o' N
r
S nknp t y, ve t
c e n houg t c pl i t na e no de orpa te .
h he om a n s m d
bt
ri s

Ba k i s ec q l t t tde l pme a a opporuniy t r move M s
c n tt our HC ook ha ve o nt s n
t t oe
.
W i t sc am st f de alcou t On t Aprl5 h m o ni ofor la gume on M s W i t s
ngae' l i o e r
r.
he i t
r ng
a r
nt
. ngae'

pe dngsl r u me t to I Sc u s la p a e i saec u t n if r dt
ni l
mmayj dg n moin, HC' o n e p e rd n tt o r a d n o me he
j d et t HC h dr mo e t ema tr Th smed y,h saej dg e trdpata sz r
u g ha 1 a e v d h te. e n a t e tt u e n ee ril l
mma y
j d me ti tnsmia c s sa an tI b tI Sc u e b g nr mo n t o ec s st
u g n n e i lr a e g i s HC, u HC' o ns l e a e vig h s a e o
f de alc ta wel Alogeher l ha r moved s vent n c est tas e tne dy i ntc
e r our s l. t t , HC s e
e ee as ha s r a de ial
c ai s M s W i t hasm ove t sco tt r m a t a ton ora t i f o e r i i
l m . . nga e
d hi ur o e nd he c i
bs a n r m xe c sng

j s ito i ti c s , n t eoh rplitfsh v f l we s i.l ha r s nd d t ec u t
midcin n h s a e a d h te anif a e ol d ut HC s epo e ,h o r
o
ha he r or a gz e ,a t m a tri rpef decson.
s a d al r lm nt nd he te s i or ii

II.

Asa i i a matr tec u t su swih u d cd n t a ih sr ltd t jlidcin
n nt l te,h o r a s me t o t e ii g h t t a eae -o t s ito
i
r
o e M s W ig t ' cams S cin 1 4o Tie2 e tb ih ss b e tma tr u idcini
v r . n aes li . e to 33 f t 8 sa ls e u j c te j rs ito n
l
t Unie Stt sDititCoursf a1 c e <
he t d ae src
t or 1 as s t rtte 11'a extndsi aswelt t lci l
unde il ,' nd e
t
l o l vi
al

pr ee ngs...rlt t c esunde tte11. 28U. C.j133 a)-b) I t FourhCic t
oc di
eaed o as
r il '
'
S.
4( -( . n he t r ui,
tlhet s f de e mi ng wheherac vi pr ce ng i r l t t ba u c i whehert
tt e t or t r ni
t
i l o edi s e aed o nkr pt y s t he

out ome oft tpr e ng c d c
c
ha oc edi oul oncevabl ha a e f ton t e t ebeng a i ser d
i y ve ny fec
he sat i dm nit e

i ba pt y.' V a ly Hit rcLt P'hi v. nk ofN . ., 48 F.d8 ,8 6( t Ci. 0 7
n nknz c '' le so i d. s p Bn
Y
6 3 31 3 4h r 2 0 )
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(mp a i rmo e )( u tn l r Ceo e Co p.1 4F.d61 , 2 ( t Ci.1 9 :.Th r i
e h ss e v d q o ig n e ltx r , 2 3 9 6 5 4h r 9 7
ee s
c lci a hort howe r on t quesi ofwhehe asa e l ca eofa i be we n
onfitng ut iy,
ve , he
ton
t r t t -aw us
cton t e

non- bt spas e t tt t On oneha t Thid Cic tha hed t tEhe ei no r lt d-o
de or
s s ha es.
nd, he r r ui s l ha t r s e ae t
t

j idito o rat r pa t cai i t r woul ne dt bea t rlws tbeor t t r
urs cin ve hid- ry l m f hee
d e o nohe a ui f e he hidpa t c ai coul ha a i pa ton t banknm t y pr edi . I r W . . a e & Co.
ry l m
d ve ny m c
he
c oce ngs ' n e R Gr c
'
,

5 F.d 1 4,1 2( dCi. 0 9 .Ont eo h rh n ,h Sxh Cic i h sh l ta an n d b o
91 3 6 7 3 r 2 0 )
h t e a d t e it ru t a ed h t o - e tr
de e ntspo e i lbuta - tt s e t cli agans aba p cy e t t wa s Ec e tt
f nda ' t nta
sye ma s red a m
i t nknlt sa e s uf i n o

etb ih rltd-oj rs it .S eI r Do Co igCo .8 F.d4 2 4 4( t Ci.1 9 )
sa ls eae t u idci ç n e w m n p , 6 3 8 , 9 6h r 9 6 .
on
Though t c ti m i u t tf omm on s e c tonsa i ta ope e d
he our s ndf l ha t
c
ens au i
ga ns n n- nde

i e ea i oft te a e t sa ut y lngua çn auni r ewhe ee N hi i r lt d t
nt mr tton he r l t d o' tt or a ge i
ve s
r ve ng s ea e o

e eytiges ,'M atro Fe pa S s.nc, 0F.d2 7 21 (t Ci.1 9 )(uoi Gead
v r hn le'' te f d k y .l .8 3 0 , 4 7h r 9 6 q tng r l
T.D unne,TheBot es Pi of nknztyJ iditon, 2Bn ngL.. 7, 7( -Dec.
t
oml s t Bn pc urs ci 11 nki J 95 95 Nov.
-

1 9 $,h c u t sas mid u ta i n e n t eoveteq eto hee l t c u t s
9 5 te o r i lo n f lh t t e d o r s l h u sin r . f he o r ha

rlt dt j rs ito in ve tee sa sansfo e ecsn i a drma st a to t sae
eae -o u id cin,t e rh ls b ti r m x r iig t n e nd he cin o tt

4

c u t np o e ma a d e utbego mds An i t ec u ta ksr ltd t j rs ito t
o r o r c d l n q ia l r t . d f h o r lc eae -o u idcin,he
rma di e ual j siid.
e n s q ly u tfe
111.

l isnotc ofr
n t i e emova ,1 a s re t tt sa ton be mer movabl t r28 U. C.
l HC s e td ha hi ci
cn e
e mde
S.

j 1 4 ( )3 o M ac 1 2 3 wh nt NECC Ba k p c Tr se fldh smoint
4 6 b ( ) n rh 0, 01 , e he
n nlty u te ie i to o
ta fra da s re r ltdt j s ito o rM s W ig t ' cams Ac od n t I t a
rnse n se td eae -o mid cin ve . n aes li . c r i g o HC,h t
m o i E nsiut d s h ç he pa rfom whih i may frtbe a ce t nedt tt ca e i o
ton ç tt e uc ot r pe r
co
c t
is
s rai ha he s s ne

whc i o h sb c mermo a l.' Noie4 ECFNo. ( u tn j 1 4 ( )3 ) F o t e
ih s r a e o e v b e' tc ,
'
1 q oi g 4 6 b ( ). r m h
out e , s W i t hasa g dt tI Snotc ofr mova wa untm ey be a e I S
s t M . nga e
r ue ha HC' ie e
l s i l c us HC'

r
emova wi
l ndow wasnotme ur byt çohe pa r' ovii i j1 b)3 , by
as ed he tt r pe'pr son n 446( ( ) but
Fe a Rul ofBa ptyPr dur 9027()3 , c pr dest tt rmo lnotc i d
derl e
nknl c oce e
a( ) whih ovi ha he e va ie s ue
w ihi t ry daysofr c i ng t c pl i . Ator la g e on M s W i t s m oton t
t n hi t
e e vi he om a nt
a r um nt
. nga e'
i o

r m a I C c e t tt f rhe sudy'Rul 9027 i d gove ed,r nde i isr m o l
e nd, H onc ded ha t u t r t ' e
on
ndee
m
e rng t e va
no i et i y.N e rhees ,I a gue t tt c ts d o rook isuntme ynotc
tc mtmel
ve t l s HC r d ha he our houl ve l
t i l
ie

be a eM s W ig t ha wave a yo j ci n t tepr c d r l ee t nrmo l Th c u t
c us . n ae d i d n b e to s o h o e u a d f c i e va. e o r
rj csta a g me ta drma d t ea to a u t l rmo e
ee t h t r u n n e n s h cin s ni y e v d.
me
Se ton 1 ofTil 28pr vi t tt pa t m a r m ovea cl m orca eofa ton
c i 452
te
o des ha 1 ry y e
a
ny ai
us
ci
i a cvi a ton ... ot dititc tf t diti twhe es cvi a ton i pe ng,i s h
n i l ci
t he src our or he src
r uch i l c i s ndi f uc

dsrc c u t s t id cin o s c cam o c u eo a to t e s ci n 1 3 o k il 2 )5
itit o r ha jt s ito f u h li r a s f cin md r e to 3 4 f ' te 8 .
r
r
'
Fede a Rul ofBa nz c Pr dur 9027 des i st tm i oft r m o lnotc
rl e
nk pt y oce e
crbe he i ng he e va ie:
l a cli o ca e ofac i i as e t i a he c tafe t co me e e
f a m r us
ton s s red n not r our tr he m nc m nt
ofa c e unde t Code,a no ie ofr movalm a be fld wih t c ek onl
as
r he
tc
e
y
ie
t he l r
y

wihi t s trof( 30 da a trr ei ,t ough s r ieorohe wie,ofa
t n he hore A)
ys fe ec pt hr
e vc
t r s
c
opy oft i ta pl a ng s ti f t t c a m or c us of a ton s
he nii l e di e tng orh he l i
a e
c i oughtt be
o

rmo d o ( 3 d y a trr c ito t sl nsi te iiilpla ig ha
e ve , r B) 0 a s fe e ep f he l
mmo f h nta e dn s
be n tl wih t c t nots r edwiht sl ons
e ied t he our but
ev
t he lmm .

Fe . Ba r P. 0 7 a ( ) s eas I r Ceo e Co p,1 F.da 6 9( oi t a t e
d R. nk . 9 2 ()3 ; e lo n e ltx r . 24 3 t 2 n t h t h
ng

Ba k u tyRu e a pl t c ssg o n e o rltd t mi dcin .
n r p c ls p y o m e r u d d n eae -oj s ito )
He e, s. i t fl he sa e c ta ton on De e be 27,201 a I ' c
r M W ngae ied r t t - our c i
cm r
2, nd HC S ouns l
e

r e ve aco oft compl i çhr
ec i d
py he
ant t ough s r i orot r s 'on t s m eda 2
t
e vce
he wie' he n
y.
Co e e l I SAprl4, 3, e ova notc wa mor t n t m o hslt . De piet t
ns qu nty, HC'
i 201 r m l i e s e ha wo nt a e
s t ha

pae tu tmeie s 1 ag e t a M s W ig t wav da yo j ci nt t ermo a'
tn ni l s, HC r u s h t . n ae ie n be to o h e v ls
n
pr c d l ee t b ( )i v kn fd r ll idcini h rNo mb r201 lws t g n t
o e ma d f cs y 1 n o ig e e a jz s ito n e ve e 2 a uia ais
r
NECC, ( e gi i lmie dicoveya tr1 r
and 2) nga ng n i td s r fe HC emove t sa ton.Thefrta g nt
d hi ci
s z ume
i wholy fi ous A st t s co a gtme ,i i i edtuet tapli tf m a wavehe
s
l rvol .
o he e nd r l nt t s nde r ha
a n if y i
r

rg t oo j c t t etmei e so rmo a t r u hh rt fimai a tv t i f d r l o r. J
ih t be t o h i ln s f e v l h o g e ç fr t ciiy n e ea c u t' .
a
ve
' r
l
r M ut Ft I Lii ,767F.Supp. 5 5 ( M d.2011 (ii Pa e r lEsae
e ual mds nv. tg.
2d 42, 46 D.
) ctng yne x e. tt

o Caz d v. a e 4 9F.d 1 8 2 3 0 ( t Ci. 0 6 l teF u t Cic i, o v r
f la a Br k , 3 3 9 , 0 - 4 4h r 2 0 :. n h o rh rut h we e,
çdlgentob e ton(ormova)rnde st wai rdocrnei pplc e. ncv.M a ot I '
tii
j ci t e
l e r he ve ti na iabl '
'Ki
ni t ntl
l ,337F. 421 425( hCi.
nc.
3d , 4t r 2003) seas Caepilr l .v.Le s 51 U. 61 7
; e lo tr la .nc
wi, 9 S. , 4
( 996)( i t tt tt pli if Cbytmeymovi f rma di a1t twasr uie t
1
notng ha ha he antf,ç i l
ng or e nd, d 1 ha
eq rd o

p e e v hso jcint rmo a. He e M s W ig t sldh rmoint rma d ab ifi
rs r e i be t o e v l). r , . n ae e e to o e n , re n
o
'
s
uppor a ne ry adoz n e bisam e ee e n da afe r m ova ,a s hasdone ltl i
q nd a l
e xhi t
r l ve ys tr e
l nd he
ite n

t sc tbutpr s t ma trsnc t ttme. Theco t he e or fndst tM s W i t di no
hi our
e s he te i e ha i
ur t r f e i ha . ngae d t

wav he rg tt o j c t I Su tmeyrmo a n tc a d a c r i l, e n st ea to
ie r ih o b e t o HC' n i l e v l o ie n , c o dngy rma d h cin
t s a e c tasuntm e y r m ove
o t t our
i l e
d.

2M s W i t sc ms lhasfl as nafi ta ac oft e- i t I Sc e,bot of
.
ngae' ot e
ied wor fdavi nd opy he mal o HC' ouns l h
whi i c t t tl r cevedacop oft c
ch ndiae ha HC e i
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