Gardner v. Mould et al

Filing 31

MEMORANDUM OPINION. Signed by District Judge Glen E. Conrad on 7/14/2014. (tvt)

CLERKS OFFI U,.DI X URT
CE s ST,
ATROANOKE,V
A
FI
LED

J !i 2 1
Ut
24
I THE UNI
N
TED STATES DI
STRI CO URT
CT
FOR TH E W ESTERN DI
STRI OF VI I A
CT
RG NI
ROANOKE DI SI
VI ON
JEFFREY GARDNER,

JULS .
A D
BY;

L

CASE N o. 7: 3CV00429
1

Pl nt f ,
ai i f

V.

M EM OM NDUM OPI ON
NI

T.M OULD ,e a .
t I,

By: Gl n E.Conr
e
ad
C hi fU nie St e D it i tJudge
e
t d at s s r c

D e endant .
f
s

J fe y Ga dne ,aVigi a i t pr ee ng m o s i pm s ng t s cvi rg sadi n
efr
r r
r ni nma e oc di
e, s
ui hi i l i ht
o

pu s a tt 4 U.. j 1 3 algn vo ai n o hsrg t u d rt Frta Fo re nh
ru n o 2 SC. 98 , le ig ilto s f i ih s n e he is nd u te t
Am e
ndment. He al ges t t on f
s
le
ha
our occ sons prs ofi i l r e t t mai or r
a i , ion fc a s ul d ha
l de
c
omm e c a phot r phshe had ptr has vi l t d prs r gul to a i me ael r bln
ril
og a
lc ed o a e ion e ai ns nd m di t y e r ed

t m t t ve s. Defnda s ha tld a m o i t dim is a Ga dner has fld a
he o he ndor
e nt ve ie
ton o s s , nd r
ie
he ec d he our wil a
r pons 1 Afe r vi w oft r or , t c t l gr ntde e n s moton.
es e. tr e e
f nda t ' i
I

Ga d ri ic re ae a Po o o tsS ae Co rcin lCe tr(TS '. l 2 3 h
rne s n ac r td t c h n a tt re to a n e E CC' n 01 , e
)
s itd f s pa a e or r f phot a ofnudem ode st ve
ubm te our e r t de s or
ogr phs
l o ndor ,i udi Ca e N al
s ncl ng s y l
a Br nlts. PSCC mair m sa f pr s ed ea h o de t
nd a e t
loo t f oce s
c r r mder Vigi a De t nt of
r ni
parme

Core tons(û
rci t
VDOC' Ope ai Pr dtrs(t ' 8 1a 8 2.
' r tng oce le û ) 03. nd 03.
)
OP'
OP 803. conti varous r srctons a pr dtr s t e tr ûhe e fce ,s f and
1
a ns i
e ti i
nd oce le o nsle i fi int a e,
t

s c r h n ln a d p o e sn o (n o n a d o t on ) c re p n e c ' f r VDOC
e u e a d ig n r c s ig f ic mig n u g ig o r s o d n e' o

1Gad rs rs o s t te moin fr smmay j d me tp ee t a dto a d c me tt n a d
rne' ep n e o h to o u r u g n r sns d iin l o u nai n
o
a glme .Alhoug Gar rdoe notmovet a nd hi compl ntt addt emaeral,hecour ha c i r
r l nt t h dne
s
o me
s
ai o
hes t i s t
t s onsdeed
t m f pu pos ofunde sandi hi alegai .
he or r es
rt ng s l tons

CLE

i aes2 OP 8 3.() i mmecal diG b td o p ro lp oog a h ...t tb t e
nm t .
0 11. t
co ril s u e r e s na h t r p s
y
ha y h

n tr o te c ne tp s l)a tra t p ro lo f clt s ft a s cliy,o me tt e
au e f h o tn o e
h e t o e s na r a ii aey nd e t t r e h
y
r
S e i Crtra f r P l ain Dia p o a i g 8 32 ae p o i td' OP
p cf
k
i i o ubi to
e
c
sp r v l n OP 0 .) r r hbi .
e '
8 3 1I B)8 () Th r frn e ciei i OP 8 32sae , npet e t a t
0 .(V( ( )a . e e ee c d rtra n
0 . tts i ri n p r:
n
TheFa lt Uni Hea s d dia pr apublcai n f r cepta pos es i
ciiy t d houl s p ove
i to or e i nd s son
by o f nde s...i t publc ton c n ber a o bl doc e e t vi ae a of
fe r
f he
ia i a
e s na y um nt d o olt ny
t f l i c ie i
he olow ng r t r a:
A.

M a e i lt tem pha i s e i i or gr phi de c i o de c i i of
t r a ha
s ze xplc t
a c pi tons r s rptons
s lac s i l ng, notlmie t
exua t, ncudi but
i t d o:

Acua s x a itr ols ( a i a, a a, o o a) icu ig
t l e u l ne c t e v g n l n l r rl n ldn
r
i nmaeo j c p n tain
na i t be t e erto
3.
4.

Se r ton or e r ton of bodiy fui or s t nc i t
c ei
xc e i
l l ds
ubsa es n he
c e ofs xua ac i t
ont xt e l tviy
Bondag s ditc, m a oc si , o ot r vi en a t i t
e, a si
s hitc r he ol t c s n he
c e ofs xua ac i t
ont xt e l tviy
Any s xua a t i vi a i ofsa eorf der llw.
e l c s n olton tt
e a a

NOTE:Thi c ie i n s l notbeus d t e l publc tonsi t contxtofa
s rt ro hal
e o xcude
ia i n he
e
so y orm or lt a hi unl s t des rpton ofs h acsi t prma y pu pos
tr
a e c ng e s he c i i
uc t s he i r r e
of t publcai n. No publcai n ge al r c z d as ha ng aritc or
he
i to
i to
ner ly e ogni e
vi
tsi

ltr r val s d be e l d unde t s ciei Quesi e maeil
ie ay ue houl
xcude
r hi rtron.
tonabl tras
s al es b te t t PRC()
h l b u mitd o he
.

Op : 32 I ( ( .
0 .(v)L)A)3
W he mair
n
loom sa ffnd t ti om i core ponde e c ansie sr gult d by OP
t f i ha nc ng r s
nc ont i t m e ae
803. ,s h asc me cilpho og a ,a i l s ie st t i d t rt polc t y
1 uc
om r a
t r phs nd ncude t m mau horze mde he iy, he
wil l and r t n t c r ponde e,i l ng t pr bie ie s t t s nder OP
l og
eur he ores
nc ncudi he ohi t d t m , o he e .

8 3 1I ( ( )a . Th itnd d r cp e timae wilbenoiid t a h sic mi p c a e
0 .(V)B)8() e ne e e iin n t l
tfe h t i n o ng a k g
wasdial
s lowed a r t ned,a m a fl g iva e a
nd eur
nd y ie re nc s boutt i de ,buthehasE i pu on
he nci nt
t n t
no

diposto 'ofs hie . OP 8 1l ( ( () Ont ot rha i prs ofi asrj t
s iin' uc tms
03.(V)B)20)i. he he nd, f ion fcil eec
2Se h s/v d cv ag va o fpo e me/o u ns8 o8 3 lp f(atvstdJ n 1 , 01 )
e o : a o .kgli.o /b u rc d sd c me t/o / o -.d ls ii u e 8 2 4 .
/
e

3Se h s/v d cv nag va o f r c d sd cl ns8 o8 3z.d (atvstdJ n 1 , 01 )
e e : a o .kgii.o /b u p o e ce/o l t/ o / o - p f ls ii u e 9 2 4 .
/
me
e

a of e rs i om i publc ton a s xual e i i t r t polc c ie i ,t ofe
n f nde ' nc ng
i ai s e ly xplct mde he i y rt ra he f nder

ma s e rviw oft tde iin by t Publc ton Re e Commite(TRC' i Ri
y ek e e
ha cso
he iai
viw
te ç ' n chmond.
)
I t PR C di a ove a i a e' publca i n,t i a e m a i or s af ho he w i hes t
f he
s ppr s n nm t s
i to he nm t
y nf m t f w
s
o

dipos oft dia oved ie
s e he s ppr
t m.
I Ga dnersfrtor r pl c on M a c 20,201 one oft t e e l sr c ve i
n r ' is de , a ed
rh
3,
he hr e nve ope e ei d n
t PSCC m aloom was r tmz d t next da bec us i e e d a one- unc lmi f
he
ir
et e he
y, a e t xc ede
o e i t or

ic mi c re p n e c u d r OP 8 3.(V)B)3 () Ho v r a a a pr v d v n o ,
n o ng o rs o d n e n e
0 1I ( ( )a . we e , s h p o e e d r

Ca e Nalwa n ts jc t ti o eo n elmi. Ast t i o d r Ga d e fld ag iva c ,
sy l s o ube t o h s n - u c i t
o h s r e, r n r ie re n e
a ofki l a knowldge t m it ke
nd t a s c
e d he sa .The t n alowe Gar rt r de t phot a .
y he l d
dne o eor r he
ogr phs
Ga dne compl i t tofk il di no notf hi orpr dehi ac nc t a
r r
ans ha t a s d t iy m
ovi m ha e o ppea bef et
l or hey

iy
e ii e lr d
t de s
r t ne t ie s4 Be a e t vendorhas a polc ofnotr m a lng r ilne pho o or r ,
e ur d he t m .
c us he
Ga dne hadt pa f t r plc nt .
r r
o y or he e a eme s
Ga dne pl c d a s cond or r on Aprl 3,201 W he t t or r a rve fom t
r r ae
e
de
i
3.
n ha de ri d r
he

ve d r PSCC o t asrj ce a d rt r e e v lp sc n anigtn p o o a d sxe np t
n o,
fkil ee t d n e un d n eo e o ti n e h t s n ite hoo
c t ogs Ga dne ha ptr s d, bec us t ie c ai d s xual explct ma e i
aal
r r d lcha e
a e he t ms ont ne e ly
ii
t ral
pr bied by OP 8 1. I r pons t G a dne ' gre nc ofi i l s a e t tt ca a ogsha
ohi t
03. n es
e o r r s i va e, fc a s t t d ha he t l
d

b e G rviu l ds p r v db t ePu l ai nRe iw Co te f rc nann ( g so
e n û e o sy ia p o e y h bi to ve
p
c
mmite o o t iig i e q
ma
bodiy iui ,pe tai mat bai ec.l the phot wee de ed due t co ani
l ds nerton, sur ton, t and l
os r ni
o nti ng
i
mage ofbodiy tui a wel aspho osoff m alst hi t m s l s a orm a t ba i '
s
l l ds s l
t
e e ouc ng he eve nd/
sur tng.'

( mplEx. . Th r ve n o f ru h l telv lo er s o s .
Co . 9) e e iwig fke p ed h e e n e p n e
Fr Ga dne ' t r or r pl c on Aprl 1 201 ofi i s de e a r t ne
om
r r s hid de , a ed
i 0, 3, tcal nid nd eur d

e v lp s c nanng tn p oo rp , b c u e t e icu e < gr p i a d o e pl i
n eo e o t ii e h tg a hs e a s h y n ld d é ja hc n r x i t
l
c
4 Ga dne alo c
r r s ompli t tofiil di no pr dehi wih a una horz d malnotcef t
ans ha fcas d t ovi m t n ut ie i i or he

rj ce p oo rp .
eetd h tga hs

n d /e n ec mmeca p oo 'p o btdu d rOP 8 3 1a d OP 8 3. ( mp . .1 .
u es mi ud o r il h ts' r hii n e
e
0. n
0 2. Co l Ex 1)
Ga dne fl a g i va ,agan a gui t tt phot r phshe ha or r d di notmee t
r r ied re nce
i r ng ha he
og a
d de e d
t he

c ie i f pr bie s xualy e ii ma e i . He r c ve a lvelone r pons sa i 4 he
rt ra or ohi t d, e l xplct t ral
e ei d e
es e ttng i
t
phot r phs t twe e de e o 5/ / 3 we e done s ba e on c ani i a of wo e
og a
ha r ni d n 3 1
r
o sd
ont i ng m ges
m n
t li t m s ves a o masur tng; pe polc t s i not pe m itd f c
ouctng he el
nd/ r
t ba i
r iy hi s
r te or omm e c a
ril

p o o rp . ( mp . 1 . Th r s o s as sae ta be a s c mme ca p oo rp
h t ga hs' Co l Ex. 3) e e p n e lo ttd h t c u e o r il h t g a hs
'

ae n td fn d a p bl ain ,t e d cso t d n t m u d rOP 8 3 1 i n ts b e tt
r o e ie s u i to s h e iin o e y he n e
c
0 . s o u jc o
r vi w a
e e bovet f ciiy lve .On a
he a lt e l
ppea,t r vi wi ofieruphed t l ve o r pons a
l he e e ng fc
l he e l ne es e s
a a opra ea ia i oft polc
n ppr it pplc ton he i y.

Ga dne ' sna or r of phot a , pl e on J
r rs
l de
ogr phs ac d
une 26, 201 co it d of e gh
3, nsse
i t
e ope wih Gvepi t esi e c e ope.Ofi i sde e t oft eghte opest r
nvel s t
cur n a h nvel
fcal nid wo he i nvel
mde
OP 803.1 bec us t ve
a e he ndor i ude fee s xualy e ii c t l i t e e opes5
ncl d r , e l xplct a a ogs n hos nvel .
Of i l r t e t t o e l pe of pho ogr phs t t ve r Ga dne r ceved t
fc a s eum d he w nve o s
t a
o he ndo . r r e i
wo
publc ton dia ova f msf t t dia o c t ogs butdi notr ei t ut i e
ia i
s ppr l or or he wo s ppr ved a al ,
d
ec ve ma horz d

m alno i s f t r t ed pho os Gar rfld a gre nc r ga di t sor rwihi t
i tce or he eum
t .
dne ie
iva e e r ng hi de t n he
fve- tm epe i Hedi notat c t t dia ovalf mst s
i day i
rod.
d
ta h he wo s ppr
or o how why ofi i sr t r d
fcal e u ne

t o d r t tev n o , o ve, n o ta g o n o t ase e tal rj ce hsg iv n e
he r es o h e d r h we r a d n h t r u d, fkil v nu ly ee td i re a c
a t i ey and i omplt
s mtm l
nc
e e.

I t sj 1 a i Gadne s sPSCC M aloom Supt viorT.M otl W ade S.
n hi 983 cton, r r ue
ir
rs
ld, r n K.
Yot VDOC Die t r Har d Clr a Re onalDie t G . Hi e.Gar ras e t t t
mg,
r co
ol a kes nd gi
r c or
nkl
dne s rs ha

t PSCC i er ea i oft c me cilpho o polc vi a e hi Fis Am e
he
nt pr tton he om r a
t
iy olt s s r t
ndmentrght a
i s nd
5 Gadners t aphot py oft
r
ubmis
oco
humbnai rplca oft phot fom hi f urh o de
l e i s he
os r
s o t r r on whih heha
hi
c
s
,
ghlght t t phot r phst thebei sofi asr t
i ed he en
og a ha
leve fcil e mned. ( so eEx 4 ,ECF No 252. Be a s te
Rep ns . 7
. - ) cu e h
r t n oft s phot wa ba ed on t f c t tt e o si l d caaogsale y dia oved by t PRC,
em'
os s s
he a t ha he nvelpe ncude tl
r ad s ppr
howe r he e
ve
he
,

tepoe icud do ti s e aen trlv n t terj cino hsoh rod r b sdo tec ne t
h ss n l e n hs het r o ee a t o h ee to f i te r es a e n h o tn of

t e phot t
hos
os hems ve .
el s

4

de i d hi oflbe t and pr ry i e ess wihoutdue pr es .6 le s e c pe a or
prve m
i ry
ope t ntr t t
oc s
l e ks onl ns t y
da a s f mone he s nton r plc ntphot a posage a ong wih punii dn a s
m ge or
y
pe
e a eme
os nd t , l
t
tve m ge

a dl p cfe ijlcierle.
n l e iid nl tv eif
ns
n
11

The c t i r quie t dimi s a a ton or cli fld by a prs r agans a
our s e r d o s s ny c i
a m ie
ione
i t
go m me a e iy orofi e i t c tdeer i st a to f l t sae a cai o whi
ve
nt l ntt
fc r f he our t m ne he c i n ais o t t l m n
ch

r le ma be grnt Fed R-Ci P.1 b)6 . G'o s vve amoi t dimis a c ant
eif y
a ed. .
v. 2( () û' ur i
l
ton o s s , ompli
m us c ai s fce f cua m a tr a e ed ast e,t sa e acli t r i t ti plusbl
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nl o t t
am o elef ha s a i e

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nt a ' l l r
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s
how t tt al ge de i ton wa c
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te
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W e tv.At is 48 U. 4 ,48 ( 9 8 . Dee d n sag e ta d s sa i r q ie b c u e
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e
t
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our r e .
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Se l e e son whih i i e but not obs e i m ot c e by t Fis
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wi hs sau a a p io ro wih te lgtmae p noo ia o j cie ofte c re to
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t e ona y r lt t lgii ae pe ogial i e e t o' Tur r v.Sa l y,48 U .S. 78, 87
û as bl e aed o e tm t nol c nt r ss '
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ne
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no
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Lovelcev.Le 472F. 1 4,200( h Ci.
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b t 0 S. 01
4 9 ( 9 9 ( u uto s a d ctto o te ) Th iq iy fr te c u ti n twheh rte
0 1 8 ) q o in n iains mitd . e n ur o h o r s o
te h
r gul ton ac al a nc s t sa e go r m e i e e t butonl whehe t polc a r
e ai
m ly dva e he tt d ve n nt ntr s,
y
t r he iym ke

G g tr a o a l ha et ug tt ti wo l ' Amae v. n 1 6 F.d 1 2 1 8 ( C. r
û h e s n by v ho h ha t ud.
mi
'
tl Re o, 5 3 9 , 9 D. Ci.
1 98 . Th pan if b as te utmae bzd n o e tbls i t a a p io r g lto i
9 )
e litf e r h li t t e f sa ihng h t rs n e uain s
r
u c nsi in l S e Ha s v.Va u t 9 3 F.d 1 7 ,1 2 (t Ci.1 9 ) An o t rs
n o tmto a. e u e
u h , 9 2 0 9 08 4 h r 9 3 .
fke '
neglge c
i nt onduc t ti e f r sw1, a i t sFis Am e
t ha nt re e t1 n nma e' r t
1
ndme rght i no a tonabl under
nt i s s t c i
e

j 1 8 .Lo lc , 2 F.da 2 ; as n v Si , 4 F. u p. d 5 5 51 ( M d 2 0 )
9 3 vea e 47 3 t 01 Pe ro . mms 3 5 S p 2 1 , 9 D. . 0 3 ,
a fd 8 F.Ap x 6 9 ( t Ci.2 0 ) (o dn t tt c a in licd n s o d ly o n n
f', 8
p' 3 4h r 0 4 h l ig ha i c so a n ie t f ea r o o
dei r ofmai'aenota tona et rj1 3)
lvey
l' r
ci bl mde 98 .

1. M arc 20, 3 Or r: M iapple W e g Li i
h 201
de
s
id i ht m t

Ga d rha no a tona e Fis Am e
r ne s
c i bl rt
ndme c am ba e on a ofk e ' r tml of hi
nt l i
sd
n t rs et
s
M a c 20 or bec us i e ede t one- e we g lmi f r i omi m al W hen
rh
der a e t xce d he
ounc
i ht i t o nc ng i.

Ga dne c
r r ompl i ofi i sa ee t tt polc di no ba hi pac
aned, fcal gr d ha he iy d t r s kage. The t d hi t t
y ol m ha
a mair
loom ofi i ha sm pl overooke t t f c Cas y N alwa a a ove ve
fcal d i y
l d ha a t e
l s n ppr d ndor who

wa n ts b e tt t weg tlmi. Ga d e d e n tsaea y fcss g e tn t tt o fca
s o u j c o he ih i t r n r o s o tt n a t u g si g ha he fiil
i e i l m ia id t we g lmi t hi phot a or r The ofi ers ne i nt
ntntonaly s pple he i ht i t o s
ogr ph de .
fc ' glge

i e f r nc wih Ga dne ' i
nt re e e t
r rs ncomi ma ldoe notsae a Fis Amendme cli a tona e
ng i
s
tt
rt
nt am ci bl

unde j1 3.Lovel e, 2F. a 201
r 98
ac 47 3d t .
2. M at al Barred as Sexualy Explci
eri s
l
it

Li r l c t ed,Ga dne ' s bmisons a s r t tt pho ogr ph polc sa e i
be aly onsnl
r rs u si
s e t ha he t a
iy, t t d n
OP 803. a O. 8 2 by r f r e,i f i l i i be a e i i ove br d,whih al
1 nd P. 03.
e e enc s acaly nvald c us t s r oa
c lowed
i t be a bir rl a i d t pr bi r c ptofhi Aprl3,Aprl1 and Jme 26,2013 or r .
to
r ta iy pple o ohi t e ei
s i
i 0,
t
de s
Hi a gum e s r s on t f c t t t polc does not e iil ba hi fo pos es i
s r
nt e t
he a t ha he iy
xplcty r m r m
s sng

depitonsofmasur ton orf m aest hi t m s l s The c tco l
ci
t bai
e l ouc ng he eve .
our ncudest tt polc
ha he i y
s vvest sc tt i nalc le t rTur r
ur i hi onsiuto
hal nge mde
ne .
Thi co tf md t taptorve son ofOP 803. wasove br a a bir rl a i d.
s ur ot ha
i
ri
2
r oad nd r ta iy pple

Se Couc v.J be,737 F. zd 5 5 ( h Ci.201 ) Specfc ly,t co tf
e
h a
supp. 61, 67 4t r 0 .
iial he ur ound t t
ha

t p lc , ste wo d d alwe t iar itr rtt nglo (h !rg lto whc rs lld
he o iy a h n r e , l d t z re ne p eai s f te e u ai n ih e ute )
o
b
o
i t p o i to o J me J y e sUl se b t(l we )t e dsrb to o S rsllsrtd
n he r hbi n f n s o c ' y ss u al d h itiu in f po t lu tae
i
o
Swi s tEdii ' l a 571. The c tnled t tbe us s h r s t we e notr as bl
m ui ton. d. t
'
our l ha ca e uc e uls r
e ona y
r l t t t polc s goa s of e ncng ç e urt dic plne, good or r a ofe
e aed o he i y'
l
nha i ç c iy, s i i
s
de nd f nder

r habiia i ' t r gulton was t
e lttons' he e a i
mconsiutonal l at 5
tt i . d.
67. The VDOC s e nty
ubs que l
n e d t polc t core tt spa tc a pr e .
m nde he i y o r c hi riulr oblm

l a ay i g OP 8 32 ho v r t e c u th l t tte p lc so j cie a d g as
n n lzn
0 ., we e , h o r ed ha h o iy' be tv s n o l
we e unque to bl l ii a e a c e - uta . 1 The c t as e
r
si na y eg tm t nd ontntne r l d.
our lo mphasz t
i ed hat
c mon s ns conne tonslke t et Couc de e nt ofe e ca be s t i e de of
om
e e
c i i hos he
h f nda s f r d n
ufk ent vi nce

a rto a ln b t e lgt t o jcie a d a c aln e r g ain t stsy t e srt
ain l ik ewe n e imae be tv s n
i
h le g d e ulto o aif h s
rq ie n o t eTt e sa dad l a 5 0 (iig Amae,1 6 F.d a 1 9 ) l d e ,t
e u rme t f h mzr tn r . d. t 7 ctn
tl 5 3 t 9 ). n e d he

c u t o n i ç nd na l ta O. 8 32c n b a pidt maeil c ma b ij ro st
o r f u d t i e ibe h t P. 0 . a e p le o tra whih y e n u iu o
u
p io o j cie ,a d wih rs c t t o ep b iain t erguain wo l b s p re b a
rs n b e tv s n t epe t o h s u lc to s h e lto ud e u po td y
7
n r ne ' as
r tona c
a i l onneci ' l .a 571. I Ga d rsc e, undert c r ntve son ofOP 803. t
ton.' d t
he ur e
ri
2, he

c t fnds s t int c
our i
ufk e omm o s ns r a o t t t r gulton' pr bii ns of e ii
n e e e s ns ha he e a i s ohi to
xplc t
phot a of s xua a t ,i l ng m a t ba i a e r tona l r l e t f rher nce of is
ogr phs
e l c s ncudi
sur ton, r a i ly eatd o u t a
t
polc goa s
iy l.

Prs ofk i s m i r as bl ha be ive t tt cure OP 8 2 pr bii ns
ion t al ght e ona y ve le d ha he r nt
03. ohi to
a es t s me potntalda e s a m'u d by t de e nt i Co h:t tal t e ly
ddr s he a
e i
ng r s g e
he f nda s n uc ha l t xua l
s

e ii ma e i l a e consde e val bl c r ncy a us i ba trng whhi t prs
xplct t ras r
i r d ua e ure
nd ed n re i
n he ion

sti ;t t the posesi of s h ie ma l d t se lng,fght,a s uls a ot r
et
nf' ha û
t
s son
uc tms y ea o tai i s s a t nd he
dir ptve a tvii ';t tk t nte
s u i c i tes' ha t
consa xpos e t s xual e ii m ae ilma pr ot vi e e
ur o e ly xplct tra y om e ol nc
a
mong c ran of e r who ha a pr diposton t s e ng i e a e .
e ti f nde s
ve
e s ii o e ki mm dit

gr tt ai
a ik ton

s xualy'; t t ç r itng a es t s ly e ii m aera s t r ne r ha lt ton
e l ' ha t m ti cc s o exua l xplc t t il mde mi s e biia i
pe

e f t'; a t t < xcudi s xualy e i i m a e il i nec s r t r duce t s l
fors' nd ha t l ng e l xplet tra s s es a y o e
e
he exua
ha as me of sa f a t r e
r s nt
t f nd hei xpos e t a hosie wor e r e .' I a 570. Ga dne
ur o
tl
k nvionm nt ' d. t
r r
1 Se as Ho z sv Vù na 8 F. u p. 7 8 6( . Va 1 9 ) rvdo oh rgo n , o tam
e lo d e . xii, 71 S p 8 3, 7 W D. . 9 4 ,e ' n te ru dsM nc l
-

Pu l Com.v Bek,8 F. 1 ( t Ci.1 9 )(mdig u d rpirv ri ofrg lto ta Sth i eet
b. l . c 0 3d 05 4h r 9 6 f n n e ro eson e uain h t çle ntrss
l
ariult byt VDOC,s cu iy,dici i ,or r publcs f y,a r ha ltton,ne no de e e
tc aed he
e rt s plne de ,
i aet nd e biiai
ed
f ns '.
'
)
8
.

c ranl ofe sno r tona ewhih c
e ti y f r
ai l
c ompe st c uso t tt pr bii i OP 80 2 a e
l he oncl i n ha he ohi tons n
3. r
notr as bl r lt d t pr ven i s h c
e ona y e ae o e tng uc omm on s ns pot ntal ad r e e f t on s c iy
e e, e i ly ve s fec s
e urt
a or ramong prs r and sa f
nd de
ione s
t f.
M o eove , Ga dne f is t de
r r
r r al o
monsr t t t ba ng phot r phs of wome
ta e ha
nni
og a
n
m asur tng ort hi t m s l i a s xua mnnne i a il c orune ct a ia i
t ba i
ouc ng he eves n e l
r s n logial
xpe ed pplc ton
oft OP 803. lnguage s ast i lda e t polc asa bir r Unde OP 803. ,ofkil
he
2 a
o o nva i t he iy
r ta y.
r
1 f as

m a denypos es i ofs h phot upon fndi t tt rc e û e at e tt perona or
y
s son uc
os
i ng ha hei ont nt ç s hr a o s l
pos
2.
t a n
fcl v s ft a d s c rt ,o me ts' t e c ieri i OP 803. 8 The crieri i OP 8032,
a ii a ev n e u iy r el!' h rt a n
t
.

i or a e by r e e it OP 8 1 r quie dia ovalof ie t tt an be r as bl
nc por t d
ef r nce n o
03. , e r s ppr
t ms ha t
c
e ona y

d u n e t .. e h sz l1e pl i o ga i d p ci n .. o s xlla t.n ldng b t
oc me td o . mp a ie x i t r rphc e ito s . f e l cs icu i . u
c
n
n tl td t ' lse e n e ofa t t a me tt sg n rld fnto . OP 8 32(V)L)A)
o i e o' itd x mpls cs h t e hi e e a ei iin
mi
0.I ( (
(mphassadde . M asur in/ouc ng o s l c ti y quaii asa sxuala tt tfls
e
i
d)
t bato t hi ne ef eranl lfes
e
c ha al
t rt G ncudi butnotlmie t 'phr e ofOP 803. M or ve ,prs ofi i l c d
mde he l l ng,
i
i td o' as
2.
eo r ion fc as oul
r as bl ha bei ve t tbanni pit e ofm ode s sm ultng masmba i wo d a d
e ona y ve le d ha
ng cur s
l i ai
t ton ul voi

e m a ng i t st pe f m smia s xua a t i publc t ha a ssa fme r .Ther f e,
nco gi nma e o ror i lr e l c s n
i o r s t f mbe s
e or
t OP s ts i st fr tpr ng unde Ttm e . 482 U . a 89he
a i f e he i s o
r l r
S. t 90.

The s ond f c or of Tunl a ks whe he a tm atve me of e r sng t rght
ec
at
er s
t r le i
ans
xe cii he i

rmai o nt prs n i ts J a 90. TheVDOC polce ce l stsyt sf co .Unde
e n pe o io nmae . #. t
iis lary aif hi a tr
r
OP 803. a OP 803. Ga d rm a or rawi va it ofpublc tonsa n pit esa
1 nd
2, r ne y de
de re y
ia i
nd ude c ur s

B To t ex e t tGa dne f t defndant f ctng t wr polc i de ng hi or r , he saes
he t nt ha r r auls e
s or ii he ong iy n nyi s de s
tt

n c n t uin l li W elrv. p'o So ilS r ie , 0lF. 3 7, 9 (t Ci.1 9 )(mdigvoai so
o o si to a cam. le De t f ca evc s 9 2d 8 3 2 4h r 9 0 f n ilt f
t
on
s elw b sae ot asd n tprvd b ssfrc nttto lcamsun e j 1 8 ) Moe v r b cu ete
ot a y tt f l o o o ie a i o o siuina li
ki
d r 9 3. ro e, e a s h
pr sonr gultng c m e calphot a
ovii e ai om r i
ogrphs,OP 803.,i por tsapori ofOP 8 2by r fr nc a ofi r
1 ncor ae
ton
03.
ee e e, n fce
m i trghtulycieeihe pr edur num be ast ba i f denyi a i om i m aior rofphot aphs
gh i f l t t r oc e
r he ss or
ng n nc ng l de
ogr .

9

l as t y do not de c s xual a t Gar r a is t t he ha s es f l or r d
ong
he
pit e
cs.
dne dm t ha
s ucc s uly de e
nt ousnudepi tlest tofi a sdi no ba a s xual explctunderOP 8 2.
mwr
ctr ha fcil d t r s e ly
ii
03.
Thet r f t as wha i
hid acor ks
t mpac t a omm oda i oft a s td rghtwoul ha on
t he cc
ton he s ere i
d ve
s urt sa f i aes a t a l a i ofprs r otr s Tur r 482 U. 90. spr vi l
ec iy t f, nm t , nd he loc ton
ion es lce . ne ,
S. A e ousy

m e i d,t s xua l explctphot a c n e otr s xualha as me and t r i
ntone he e ly
ii
ogr phs a nc lage e
r s nt
mde m ne
r ha lt ton e f t. Thephot c n a s be ea iy cr ult d t oug
e biiai fors
os a lo
sl ic a e hr houtt prs ca i a
he ion, usng n

a r e t i eefe t' ot i aesorprs sa f I
dve s , t ppl f c 'on her nm t
r
ion tf . d.
Fi ly, Tl z as whehe t e e ss a ço ous ea y at m a i ' t t
nal
m er ks
t r her xit ny tbvi , s le tves' o he

c le g d rg lto o a to whih ma s g e tta i i t o ra o a e b ti (n ta )a
haln e e u ai n r cin, c y u g s h t t s ç t e s n bl, u s ise d n
n
exa rtdr pons t prs c er . I ( i t tt si notalas rsrci atr tve
ggeae es e o ion onc ns' d. notng ha hi s
'
e t e titve lenai
ts,butwhehe a prs rc a s ta at nai a X mi mi c tt vald pe ogia
et
t r ione an ser n ler tve t
ni s os o i nol c l
i e et) Gadne ha nota s td a atmai ,a t co tc c i ofno l f t
ntr ss. r r s
sere ny le tves nd he ur an onceve
ne. n ac,

Ga d e sae het n e sa dl)ten e t r src t maeils to ti OP 8 32 ss e i
rn r tts ç d rtn s h e d o e tit he tra e u n
u
0 .' p ct
k
c ie i f dia ova ... EFC No.25.The ef e,t sf c ori m e a we l l s q Ga d r
rt ra or s ppr l '
'
r or hi a t s t s l. n hor r ne
ha n - a ca t -esa ih t tOP 803. i u
s ot nd nno - t bls ha
2 s nconsiutonalon isf ce.
tt i
t a

To t extntGa dne cai st tPSCC ofii l a id OP 803. i ope l t ba hi
he e
r r l m ha
fc as pple
2 mpr ry o r s
phot a an c t l ,t c ta s fndsheha notsaed a va i cli f r le . Ga dne
ogr phs d a a ogs he our lo i
s
tt
ld a m or e if
r r
co e t tt e s a pit e s wspe tai n ora s cond per o i doesnotde c a s xua
nt nds ha mls
cm ho
ner to
e
s n, t
pit e l

a t tc d be pr pe l bare unde OP 803. He f rhera s t t tsnce hi or f m
ct ha oul
o ry r d
r
2.
ut
s ers ha i
s der or
e e sy as dt vendor t e udepe ta i pi tles t ve swoul nothaves nthi
xpr s l ke he
s o xcl
ner ton ctr , he ndor
d
e m

a s h pi t es orcaal ,and PSCC ofk il e r d i r t ni hi or r . Ga dne as
ny uc cur
t ogs
t a s re n eur ng s de s
r r lo
a s rs t the ha pos e s d pho ogr phs a caal fom t s m e ve s a ot r VDOC
s e t ha
d s se
t a
nd t ogs r he a
ndor t he
f iii s
aclte .

10

l i welesabls d t tGwl et rgultonsa is c m t e r ofmaeil
t s l t ihe ha t her he e ai t sue once he nty
l
tras
i o t prs ns...a r gul to whih gi sprs au hortesbr d dic e i i a oprae.
nt he io
e ai n
c ve ion t ii oa s r ton s ppr i t '
'

Thor g 490 U. a 41 The r uie e r ie ofdi c e i m a r ul i s e t e m i
nbur h,
S. t 6.
eq r d xe cs
s r ton y es t n om t e ng
s
i onsse es'i va y ng a ia i oft polc a dif r nti ttzi ove tm e. l a
nc it nci ' n r i pplc tons he iy t fe e nsit ons r i
t
d. t
41 n.15. M e e va ibiiy i no nec s rl a bir r orir tonal howe r s ast i lda e
7
r ra lt s t es a iy r ta y ra i ,
ve , o o nva i t
t polcy is f I ed,s h s e i y i onsse r ulsm ihtber me e onl by a m o e
he i tel. nde
uc e m ngl nc itnt es t g
e di d y
r

r titve polc whih c d l a t t e l i of phot a
esrci
i y, c oul e d o he xcuson
ogr phs t t woul ha be
ha
d ve en
ot r s a e abl Sm al v.J ms No.7:
he wie cc pt e.
ls
ol on,
06CV000 2006 W L 2456343,a * n.2
29,
t 4

( . Va Au .21 2 0 )( u tn Tho u a 4 0 U. a 41 n.1 (t v n te lk l
W D. . g , 0 6 q oi g mb r h, 9 S. t 7, 5 l e h i ey
Gi
va i biiy wihi and bewe n i tt i ove tm e gr a e c it y m ihtbe a ti bl
ra lt t n
t e nsiutons r i , e t r ons senc
g
tana e

onl a t c tofa mor br dl r srci r eagans admison ofi om i publc tons')
y t he os
e oa y e ti tve ul i t
si
nc ng
ia i . l .
Ga dne ' e de e i not s f e t de
r r s vi nc s
ufkint o monsr t t t OP 8 .2 i i
ta e ha
03 s nconsse l
it nty

a id,1taone t tis wor ng i nots c fc e
pple e l ha t
di s
pe ii nough t pr ventar tar a i to
o e
bir y pplcai
ns Fr
. om
Ga dne ' s
r rs ubmi sons i i e de t t t PSCC de e mi tons t ba pho ogr
s i , t s vi nt ha he
t r na i
o r t a

phs of

m a t bai n a t uc ng we e c it ntwih pa t PRC
sur to nd o hi
r onsse
t s

r i s r ga di smia i a s i
ulng e r ng i lr m ge n

publc i
iatons. ( ,eg. Compl Ex.9,ECF No 1 1 (Thefyest twee de e wee
See . ,
-) t
l r ha r nid r
.

pr vi l di a o
e ousy s ppr ved by t
he

.

.

PRC)f r c nanig b dl tuds pe ta i m a t ba i
o o ti n o i l i , ner ton, sur ton
y

,

ec.) Gadne doe no a lge t t prs ofii l had al w
t '. r r s t le ha ion fc as
'
lo
mastr ton or s xual s
tlbai
e ly uggesi t hi i t
tve ouc ng n he

e hi t pos es il ges of
d m o
s s na

pa t Cerai y, t me e f t t t he
s.
t nl he r ac ha
pos es e phot r phs o caal fom t s m e ve
s sd
og a
r t ogs r he n
ndor i t
n h
e pa t does notpr t t t
s
ove ha he
r t ne e l fom hi 201
eur d nveopes r
s 3
od r c nan dn p tso jcin bet erOP 803
res o tie o hoo beto a l md
F
.2.
ort satd r a ons t co tdoe no fnd t
he t e e s , he ur
s ti h
a ofkil 'i e pr t to
t f a s nt r e a i
803.2 r slc i t i ud
n of t OP
he
e ti tons o ncl
em a t ba i a t hi o s l
sur ton nd ouc ng ne ef
wa s ar tay orir to last
s o bi' r
r
rai na o
11

i ldae t polc or r pr s nt a c tm to ly sgnii a m ia i to o t polc
nvai t he iy
e ee
onsi i nal i fc nt s pplcai n f he iy.
Bec us prs ofii sc d r as
a e ion feal oul e onabl be ive t tba ng s h pitle f rhe ed l gii t
y le ha ni uc c tr s u t r e tma e

i e ess i lm ii s xua ha as me a e nc ng s c t a r ha lhton, t c t
nt r t n i tng e l r s nt nd nha i e miy nd e bii i
he our

c ncu e t a Gad e h s n Fis Ame d n cam a to a l u e j1 8 a t t e
o ld s h t r n r a o rt
n me t li cin b e nd r 9 3 s o h

rj cino p oog a sa dc tl sfo Ap i a dJme2 3o d r.
ee to f h t rph n aaog r m rl n t 01 r e s
B. DuePr e sCl m s
oc s ai
Alegai ns t t prs ofi i l r ndom l de i d a i t ofhi pr ry,whe he
l to ha ion fc as a
y prve n nma e
s ope t
t r

i e i ly o a a r s tofneglge e,do notsae a c tt tonalcli t fa m e ni u
nt ntona l r s e ul
i nc
tt ny onsiu i
am û
i
n ngf l

p s- e rv to rme yf rt els i a albl. Hu s n v Pame, 8U. 51 , 3 ( 98 )
o td p i ai n e d o h o s s v i e' d o . l r 46 S. 7 5 3 1 4 .
a '
An ofk i doe notvi ae a i t s f de aldue pr es rght me ey by vi a i E sa e
t al s
ol t n nma e' e r
oc s i s r l
oltng t tt a
c eaed r e r gultng t de i ton ofa pr pe t i e e t' Rici v.Cnt ofFar a Va.
r t ul e a i he prva i
o ry ntr s.' c o
y.
if xs ,

9 7F.d 1 9 1 9( t Ci.1 9 )(i dn t thete e a sa d r o wh t r e si d e. .
0 2 45 , 46 4h r 9 0 fn ig ha t û d r l tn ad f a p oc s s u .
f
i n td in db saec e tdp o e u e '
s o e e y tt-rae r c d rs).
Unde t e prnci es t PSCC ofi a who i dve t l r ur d Ga dners fr t
r hes i pl , he
fcil
na renty et ne
r ' is
or r of phot r phs a e e ng a i pplca e we g lmi di not vi ae t i ae'
de
og a
s xc edi n na i bl
i ht i t d
ol t he nm t s
f der ldue pr es rg s M or ove ,Ga dne pos es e t tr m e esunde Vig ni s e 1
e a
oc s i ht .
e r r r s s s or e di
r r i a kt aw
t s e r c r offnanc a l s c e by aprs ofk i ' ne i nce. Se Vigi a Code
o e k e ove y i i l os es aus d
ion t als glge
e r ni

j801 1 53 Th rf r ,h c u twi g a tt emo in t ds s a t Gad e ' d ep o e s
. - 9 .. e eo e te o r l r n h to o imis s o r n rs u r c s
l
c am sr r ng hi trtor r
l i ega di
s s s de .

The due pr s a yss i si hty dif r ntwhen prs ofk il de i a i ae of
oce s nal i s lg l fe e
ion t a s prve n nm t
li pr ry i e esspur ua t prs n polc s h as OP 803. and OP 803. Coursha
zs ope t nt r t
s nt o io
i ys uc
1
2.
t ve
a oved t f l ng m i m a s e r f wihhol ng ofprs r i om i publc tons
ppr
he olowi
ni l af gua ds or t di
ione s' nc ng
ia i :

4 1 a p o it n tc ;( )ar a o a l o p rt t t c aln et ei iild tr nain;a
t ) p rprae oie 2 e s n b e p o t y o h le g h nta eemi to nd
(
mi
12

( ) a utmae d cso b a dsn ee td pa t n t p i y t t iiil c n o s i
3 n li t e iin y
iitrse ry o rv o he n ta e s rhp
d tr n to . Ho knsv. lis 5 F.d 5 3 5 4( t Ci.1 7 ) Th stid s fg ad c n
eemi ai n' p i Co l , 48 2 0 , 0 4h r 9 7 . i hr a e u r a
'
n
be s tsi d i c
a ife f ompl i s a t t wihhol ng of a i
ant bou he t di
n ncomi m a lie a e G e e r t a
ng i t m r û f red o
r

prs ofi a ot r t n t pe s n who orgi l dia ove t co r s nde .' L us
ion tcil he ha he r o
i naly s ppr d he r e po nce' d
.

( u t P o t e v.M a t e ,41 U..3 6,41 (97 ) F rhemo e wh r t e imae
q oi r cmir
ng
ri z 6 S 9
n
9 1 4 . u t r r, ee h n t
mai ai c r ove t dipos lofa pr bied ie ,t r i no d i ton ofa pr e e
nt ns ontol r he s a
ohi t t m he e s
eprva i
otctd

pr ry i ees. See W iln v.M e s ,9 F. 99 998 ( 1 Ci. 1 )(i ng no
ope t ntr t
lims
e e 26 2d 4,
10
r 991 fndi
de i ton ofpr t whe e rng a posage sn
prvai
opery
r i nd t
t mps s i e by prs ofk i sa s ntt a
ez d
ion t al nd e o n

a d e so imae sc o i ) P v rElv Kel 8 2 F.S p 2 ,2 ( D. 1 9 )(idng
d r s f n t ' h osng ; r o - . l 9
v,
u p. 61 71 D. C.9 5 fn i
no de i ton whe e prs ofk il al
prvai
r ion t a s lowed s pmen ofi t sdialowe pe s lpr pe t
hi
t nma e' s l d r ona o ry

t hi ho a hi e ns . Eve i aprs n ofiilrtunedmalt t s nde whe i miht
o s me t s xpe e)
n f io fca eti o he e r n t g
ha be n de m e pe m isbl pr ry f t i m ae t pos e s iolt d i de s of
ve e
e d r s i e ope t or he n t o
s s , s a e nci nt

G o g tl r tr e mald )no rs a o en gie c a d t r f r , al qt saeacam
t n fz y eun d i og t ie b v e lg n e n , heeo e f il o tt li
wr
l
t e j 1 8 . W hth u e v.Co e,No.11 c 0 0 CMH/ ) 2 2 W L 5 8 2 ,a *
md r 9 35
' ie o s
m r
:0 v1 2 (
TRJ, 01
068 t 3
( D. . 01 )(ii Da il v. ila ,4 4U..3 7 3 8 ( 9 6 (idngn d p o e s
E. Va 2 2 ctng n es W l ms 7 S 2 , 2 1 8 ) fn i o ue r c s
i
p o lm wh r ot a rt r e p o oo smin d ifn)
r be
ee f l eu n d h t f e - u e n a t.
ki
Ga dne has no due p oc s cai r r ng a of t c t l fom hi s c
r r
r e s l m ega di ny
he a a ogs r
s e ond a
nd
f t or r t the c d notpos es unde O P 8 1. The e publc i ie s wer r vi w ed
ourh de s ha
oul
s s
r
03.
s
i aton t m
e e e

a dia ove t r OP 803. by t PRC a a dii e ese pa t M or ove ,Ga d rwa
nd s ppr d mde
2
he
s
snt r t d ry.
e r r ne s

notde rve ofhi pr ry i e e ti t caal ,snc he ha a opporuniy t c r t
pi d
s ope t ntr s n he t ogs i e
d n
t t o ontol he
m a ri whih o t i l dipos d oft m .
nne n c fk as s e
he
The c ta s f nds t tG a dne ' lbe t a pr r y i e es s i t phot r phs i a 1
our l o i
ha r r s i ry nd ope t nt r t n he
og a
n l

tre o hi rj ce o d r we ea e u tl prtce b te p o e u e i OP 8 .. Gad e
h e f s ee td r es r d q aey oe td y h r c d r s n
03 1 r n r

had pro notc t ough t lng
i r ie hr
he a uage oft polcy t ti m i mai co ani pr hi t d,
he i ha nco ng
l nt i ng o bie
nonpublc ton ie woul be r t ne t t s nde i s ey pos i e,wihou ofi i l frt
ia i t ms
d
e ur d o he e r f af l
sbl
t t fc as is
co uli hi . He a s ha prornotc t tc
ns tng m
lo d i
i e ha omm e calpho ogr phswe e noti uded i t
ri
t a
r
ncl
n he
defnii ofa publc ton a wo d no be s ntt t PRC f r e bef e beng r t ne t
i ton
i ai nd ul t e o he
or eviw
or i eur d o
t ve or By pl i t or r , Ga dner a s e t rs t tt ve
he nd .
acng he de s r
s um d he ik ha he ndor m i i l
ght ncude
phot t tvi a e OP 803. whi h wo d r s t i li or r beng i e ael r t ne
os ha olt d
2, c
ul e ul n ls de s i mm di t y eur d,
w iho a pr s o t r m blr e hi f pos a c t .9 Fi ly, G a dne r ei d no i e e h
t ut ny ovi i n o ei zs m or t ge os s
na l
r r ec ve tc ac

tme ofi a s r tl ed one of t e ope of phot a he had o de e a he ha a
i
fcil etm
he nvel s
ogr phs
r r d, nd
d n
opporuniy t pr t s t ofi a s a ton t ough t g iva e pr e e t s e de e l
t t o o e t he fcil ' c i hr
he re nc oc dur s o om
gr e.o
Req rng prs sa ft f war e r e l ofphot r phst t PRC f r e woul be
uii
ion t f o or d ve y nveope
og a
o he
or eviw
d
ove l bur o e a Ga dne ofer no e de e t ts h a pr e ewoul lke y r ul i
ry dens m , nd r r f s
vi nc ha uc
oc dur
d i l es t n
f we il ii ae de i tonsunde t c ie i i OP 803. Ac di y,t cour c l s
e r leg tm t prva i
r he rtra n
2. cor ngl he
t oncude
t tt e si pr dur ls he e pr de ade t pr e ton f i a e 'pr ry i er ss
ha he xitng oce a c m
ovi s qua e ot c i or nm t s ope t nt e t
r a e t s h m a lor rie s The e or t c twilgr de e nt 'm o i n t dimis
elt d o uc
i de t m .
r f e, he our l ant f nda s to o s s
Ga dner sdue pr e s c ai si t i entr t
r '
oc s l m n he r i e y.

9 The c tnotst tGa dne di no e an t t ve
our e ha r r d t xpli o he ndort tt i spr bie by OP 8 .3 we e
ha he mage ohi td
02
r
no lmie t de ci oft t
t i td o pitons he ypes ofs xualacs lse i t polc l Ga dne c est or raddii
e
t itd n he iy. f r r hoos o de
tonal
pi u es he c n r et rs ofhavi hi or r pr hi td unde OP 803. bypr di t vendorwihamor
ctr , a educ he ik
ng s de s o bie
r
2
ovi ng he
t
e
c plt ve son oft polc
om ee ri
he iy.
1 Gar compl nst tPSCC ofk i s de i hi oft opporuniy t purue pi vanc r di
0
dner
ai ha
t al prved m
he
t t o s
e e eme es
rgadi hi f urh or ofpho ogrphsand t r by denid hi duepr es . Ga dne ad t,howe r t the
e r ng s o t der
t a
he e
e m
oc s
r r mis
ve , ha
di no atc t t pu i ton diappr lf ms he r ei ast bass fr t rt r ofhi mai,whih
d t ta h he wo blcai
s ova or
ec ved he i o he e un
s l
c
rndeed hi greva i omplt a i a Fort sr s hi cam rgar ng hi f t or r mi alo be
e r
s i nce nc
ee t ntke.
hi ea on, s li e di
s ourh de ght s

ds se u d r4 U.. jl 9 ea, sdo hsfi r t e h us a albea mi srt rme e .
imisd n e 2 SC. 9 7 ()bae n i al e o x a t v ia l d nitai e dis
u
ve
14

Il
I

For t saed r as , t c t g ant De e nt ' m oton t d s is a t a1 of
he t t e ons he our r s f nda s
i o im s s o l
Ga dne ' c am s An a o it or rwilis t sda
r rs li .
ppr pra e de l s ue hi y.

The Clr i die e t s nd c es of t s m e o a l opi on and a c pa ng
e k s r ctd o e
opi
hi m r ndtm
ni
c om nyi
or rt Pl i ifa c
de o antf nd ouns lf De e n s
e or f nda t .

ENTER:Thi l
s V

da ofJ y, 2014.
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e
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