Reed v. Department of Corrections/ Commonwealth of Virginia

Filing 35

MEMORANDUM OPINION. Signed by District Judge Glen E. Conrad on 09/16/2014. (ssm)

CLERK' OFFI U.S.DI COURT
S
CE
SX
ATROANOKE,VA
FIED
L

I THE UNI
N
TED STATES DI
STRI COURT
CT
FOR THE W ESTERN DI
STRI OF VI N I
CT
RGI A
ROA N OK E D I I ON
V SI

s p1 2:
E : 24
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0

J A
ULI
BK

UDLEY,
'Y CL
r ERK

KR I E ST .
STI
CLA I REED ,
R
Ci lA c i N o. 1 CV vi ton
7: 3- 00543

Pl ntf,
ai if
M EM O M N DU M O PI I N
N O
D EPAR TM EN T OF CORRECTI S /
ON
CO M M ON W EA LTH O F V I I I ,
RG N A

By:H on. l n E.Conr d
Ge
a
Chi Unie St esD i ti tJ
ef t d at
s r c udge

Def nda .
e nt

Pli ifKrsi St Cli Re d,af m e s ni core tona ofi ra Blnd Co r ci l
antf ite . ar e
or r e or r c i l fce t a
r e tona

Ce tr(i ' i Bln , r i a fldt slws t g is Dee a t r i i De rme t f
ne t
BCC' n a d Vigni, ie hi a uia an t fnd n Vigna pat n o
)
Core tons(i
rci $
VDOC',alegngt ts wa sxual harseda BCC a t ntr nae f
' l i ha he s e ly a s t
)
nd he emi td or
r pori t sha as men .Thec e i pr s ntybe or t c to VDOC' m oton f
e tng hi r s t
as s e e l f e he our n
S i or

s mmayj g n .F rt ef lo n ra o ,h tmoinwil eg a tdi p r a dd ne i
u r ud me t o h o lwig e s ns ta to l b rn e n a t n e id n
Pa
/.
Fac uala Pr duralH it v
t
nd oce
s or

Th f lo n f csfo t es mmayj d me trc r aeet ru d s ue , r wh r
e o lwig a t r m h u r u g n e o d r i n ip td o , e e
he
dipu e ar pr s nt d i t lghtm os f vor bl t Ree Se Ande s v.Li t Lobby,
s t d, e e e e n he i
ta a eo
d. e
r on
bery
477

U. 242,255 (98 (t î t ta1e de emus bec tuedi t lg mos f a et
S.
1 6) satng ha l vi nc
t onsr n he iht t avorbl o

t ep ryo p sn s mmayj g n)
h a t p o ig u r ud me t.
Re d be n wor ngf rVDOC i 2007.l Oc obe 2009,Re d wasta f re t
e ga
ki o
n
n t r
e
r ns e r d o
BC C,w her s w as em pl
e he
oyed untlhert m i i on M ay 18,2012. Reed cl m st
i
er naton
ai hat

Se g ntJ. .M ic lbega s xualy ha a sng he i Fe ua y 201 w he he w astr t
r ea W
t hel
n e l r si
r n br r
0, n
is

ERK

a sgne t he s f a BCC. M ic lr pe t y as d Re d outon da e ,f l d her
s i d o r hi' t
t
t hel e aedl ke
e
t s olowe
a ound t ya d, nd s a m e door a ye l d a he when s r f e hi a nc or s
r
he r a l m d
s nd le t r
he e us d s dva es poke

t ot rmal ofie s M ic lalo tol g e t tghejnee dt wac g ref a i
o he e fc r . thel s t d Re dj ha s
t
de o th hes ll nd f
ghe di tdowha hewa edt thewoul fx g lpef manc r e a gi g r a
s ) dn'
t
nt ha
d i her ror e eviw nd ve he)
bad r viw . Re d De 1 : 24.1 1 Pl' Br i Opp.Ex. ECF 21 9.Ree r pore
e e ' e
'
p. 0120- , 02: , .s . n
9,
d e td
M ic lsbe vi up he S hai ofc
t hel' ha or
r t n omm a ' o Se ge ntJ Nunly.Re d De 1 1
c
nd't r a ohn
e
e
p. 04: 5Sho ty t r afe , ic l w a ta f r e t a di f r nts f a ha no f t rc ac
r l he e t r M t he l s r ns e r d o
f e e hil nd d
urhe ont t
wih Ree Re di notfl a f m als xua ha as m e c pl i orot r s notf B CC
t
d. ed d
ie or
e l r s nt om a nt
he wi e iy

a i sr ton ofhe c er a t stm e.
dm nita i
r onc ns t hi i
l Fe ua y 201 M ic l w asaga n as i d t t s m e s f a Re d. A tt ttm e
n br r
2, t he l
i s gne o he a
hi t s e
ha i ,

Re sdutesi l s r sngt t foo ofBCC Buidi /1(i - p',whih
ed' i ncuded upevii he op l r
l ng / 1 To ' c
One
)
r qui e k
e r d k t nts veil nce s c iy a co r ofal ac i te a pe s w ihi t
cons a ur la , e urt nd nt ol
l tvii s nd r ons t n he

dor t r a lvi a e . BCC Se urt Pos Or r De .sM ot Summ . Ex.A,
mio y nd i ng r as'
'
c iy t de , f'
.
J.
ECF 1
6W hie on dut c r c i na of i e sc d o y l ve t i poss w ih pe m i s o fom a
l
y, or e t o l f c r oul nl ea he r t t r s i n r

s r sngofie a c do yus t ofietlphonea r di f ofiilbusnes .J
upevii fc r nd oul nl e he fc ee
nd a o or fca i s i
.

On Aprl7,201 Re f
i
2, ed ound he s l i1whiewor ng on One- p. Shec l
ref 1
l
ki
ro
aled
Core tona Ofi e Cha l Ta oro t One -op ofiephonet s ek hi a c r r ng
r c i l fc r res yl n he
-l
- fc
o e
s dvi e ega di
ho t ha ehe il s pl cngt t lpho of t hoo whe s we t aneaby
w o ndl r lnes , a i he ee ne f he k
n he nt o
r
bat oom t vom i.Ca an La r Shet s w Re d t t ngon t t l phonedurng hi
hr
o
t pt i ry lon a
e aki
he e e
i
s
r
oundst te ni Att ttm e Ree a ke Shet i s co d l veea l Shelon as
ha ve ng.
ha i , d s d lon f he ul ea
ry.
t
ked
he t w ai untlt s f ' m i g br a and Re d ag e d. La er Shelo t Re a i
r o t i he hi ts dni ht e k,
e re
t ,
t n ook ed s de
t di cus herûal ness on pos ' ichel,who w assuper s ng One-fop t eveni w as
o s s
û ert
tv'M t l
vi i
-' hat
ng,

a s pr en i t smeei a aS t s .
lo es t n hi
tng s t ne s'
wi
'Shet n De 33: 7- 9,Pl' Br i Opp. 1
lo
p. 1 1
.s . n
Ex. 0,
ECF 21 1 A fert sm e tng,Re uli a e y w or d here i e s f .
- 0. t hi e i
ed tm t l
ke
ntr hi'
t

Shelon l e r ewed BCC phoner cor ,whih s
t atr evi
e ds
c howedt e c lsplce durng
hr e a l a d i
Ree ss f,r ng ng i l ngt fom 2 mi t t 27. m i es Shelon alo r vi
d' hit a i n e h r
nu es o 8 nut .
t s e ewed BCC
c me a ,whih s
a rs
c howe Ree sti i t One -o ofie c i f o 6: p. . i 7:2
d
d itng n he
-l p fc har r m 22 m untl 0
-

p. ,nse do p toln teOne-o d r tre a he j bd te rq rd.Asars l,
m.i ta f ar lig h
-'p o mi is s r o u is e uie
l
o
e ut
S etn fr lyrp re Re df rC o ..e f r ngh r o fn t n a ac re to s
h l o mal e o td e o t t. ro mi e j b u ci s o r ci n
o
n p
o
ofi e . Shet De 28: 3.l hi dicplna y r t Shet not t tRe û o
fc r'
' lon p. 1- n s s i i r epor, lon ed ha ed s unde as
s
d

t h ghe wast o ngupsc ' nhefrtconfontdhe frbengof- t a t t
houg s )
hrwi
ik'whe
is
r e r o i fpos, nd ha
iof i rPa r s s i t the f ts r f O f i erRe d bec us s w ass c ' I i ntRe t
i fce r i a d ha
el or y or fc
e
a e hc
i k. nc de
'
por,

Pl' Br i Opp. C,ECF 21 3. Howe ,Shelon as not t tM ic l ha t d hi
.s . n
Ex.
ver
t lo ed ha thel d ol m

t tl tc rRe da d Of e CL Ta l r( r)h vigarlto s pa dt a g th l bes
ha k i e e n ic r
of
y o we e a n eai n hi n h t Mic el t
)
t ts wason t phonewih Ofi rTayl .'I
ha he
he
t fce
or' d.
The ne da Apr l8 201 R e d m e w ih t n- ae e ntDa l Br ds
xt y, i , 2, e
t t he li ut na
las a haw

r ga di t si de .Ree e es e co e n ab be ngdicplne sai t ts f l
e r ng hi nci nt
d xpr s d nc r out i
s i i d, t tng ha he et
Shelon wast c ng on he ' bec us k ic l w asm a a he .' Br ds w D e 7: 1 P1'
t
s ki
pi
r' a e i t he l
M
d t r' a ha
p. 8- 5, .s
Br i O pp. 4,ECF 2 1 4. Re d a s t d Br ds w a
.n
Ex.
e l o ol a ha boutt 201 ha a s e a t stm e.
he 0 r s m nt t hi i

Br ds w s
a ha poket M ic laboutRee sal to ,whi h hede e Br ds w t n
o t hel
d' legai ns
c
nid. a ha he
s m one R e d t s k diec l wih M ic l r ga di he a l a i ns w hi r s t d i a
um
d e o pea r ty t t he l e r ng r leg t o , ch e ule n
s utng m a c be w ee M iche la Re Br ds w e nt ly s M ic la R e d
ho i
t h t n t l nd ed. a ha ve ua l ent t hel nd e

ho ia t dt m nott c ba kt wokuntlt yhadhe r fom g n rs ur es.
me snd ol he
o ome c o r i he
ad r huma e o c l'
'
1 a 9: 8. Br ds w t tf e t tm ee i w ih M ic l a Ree t t rt tda vi a e
d. t 6a ha es ii d ha
tng t
t he l nd
d oge he ha y ol t d
VD O C polc esr r ng s
i i ega di exua ha a s e . I at8: 0- 3.
l r s m nt d.
1 1

3

The f l wi da Aprl9,201 Re d fld a l t r l de Re t ega di
olo ng y, i
2, e ie n n e nal nci nt por r r ng
M ic l . l t tr por ,Ree s a ed t ti 201 M ic l w a k r y f i y' and t d he
t he l n ha e t
d t t ha n
0, t he l s s l rendl '
ove
ol r
t S e i m i ' hathe c pl t he r vi w s Se l e na l de Re t Def M ot
o i p n nd' t
ke
om e ed r e e . e nt r l nci nt por , . .

Summ .J Ex. ECF 1 3. Re d sa e t ts r po td M ic l' be vi t Nunl y,a
. E,
6e tt d ha he e re
t he ls ha or o
e nd

t tatrs di s Stwa ove a donewih gndlM ic l a ogi d. 1 Shet n
ha fe he d o,i s r nd
i
t a
thel pol ze ' d.
'
he
sae t ti 201 Shi sa tdoutfne t nk ic ljsa t bengovel findl gnd)
ttd ha n 2,ç ngs tre
t
i ,he M thel tred i
ry re y a
nl d m yl g i t s atnga e i .t war n' ofie'on Aprl7, 2. 1 She a s
bbe
e n he e i r a n..he de s fc '
i 201 d.
lo
sa e t tM ic l quesi d Re a
t t d ha the l
tone ed boutherpe s na r a i hi wih Ofi e Ta ort t
r o l eltons p t tc r yl ha
da
y.
A fe Ree f l d t sr por ,BCC W a de La r J r si m e a e y m ove M ic lt
t r d ie hi e t
r n r y a vi m di t l
d t hel o

adif r nts f andplce bot M ic l a Re d on a nita i la pe ng
fe e hit
a d h thel nd e
dmi sr tve e vc ndi
i s i ton ofRee s a l ga i .Robi Sna l BCC ' Em pl entRel tons M a ge ,
nve tga i
d' le tons
n
ve y,
S
oym
ai
na r
c
onduc e a i s i ton pur ua t VD O C' w rte s xualha as m e tpolc Se
t d n nve tga i
s nt o
S it n e
r s n
i y. e

SnaveyDec. 2,De.sMot Summ. Ex. ECF 1 2.Durngt si tgai Sna l
l
l!
f' .
J. 2,
6i hi nvesi ton, vey
i e vi w e Ree a M ic l,a wel asO f i erTayl ,O f i e Cl m ons O fi e Puc t
nt r e d
d nd t he l s l
fc
or fc r e
, t c r ket,

Se ge ntNunl y,a Li utna Br ha .Noneoft pe s i e viwedby Sna l
r a
e nd e e nt ads w
he r ons ntr e
vey
c im e Re sal ga i .Asar s t Sna y s it d a r por t W a de J r s
onfr d ed' le tons
e ul, vel ubm te e t o r n a vi

c udi t tkrj algai ofsxua ha a s ntandwor a haasme ca notbe
oncl ng ha ithe le tons e l r sme
kplce r s nt n
s bsanta ed' on Aprl 1 201 Adm i sr tve l s i ton R e t D e .sM ot Sum m .J
u t it '
i 3, 2.
ni t a i nve t ga i
por , f '
.
.
Ex. ,ECF 1 4. J r sw r e t Ree o Apr l20, 2 a M ic lo A m i 23,201
1
6- a vi ot o
d n
i
201 nd t hel n
l
2,
a s ng t m oft r ulsoft s i tga i n. Se J r sLe t r ,D e .sM ot Sum m .J Ex.
dvi i he
he es t
hi nvesi t o
e a vi te s f '
.
.
J and K ,ECF 164.

On M a l 201 J r s i s a W rte N otc t r i tng Re sem pl ym e a a
y 8, 2, a vi s ued
it n
i e e m na i
ed'
o nt s
r ul ofhe of - tbe vi o Apr l7.The notc r f e t d t Ree had t o ot rac i
es t
r f pos ha or n
i
i e e l c e hat d
w
he tve

dici i r i r ci on he r cor a t tmeofhe t r i ton. Se W rte Notc of
s plna y nf a tons
r e d t he i
r e m na i
e it n
ie
Te mi ton,De . o .
r na i
f M t Summ .J Ex. ECF 1 5.Re fl aCha geofDic i i ton
. L,
6ed ied
r
s rm na i
wih t Equa Em pl entO pporuniy Com m i s o on Aug t13,201 She r c ve a
t he
l
oym
t t
sin
us
0.
e ei d
Di m i s la N otc ofRi sf om t EEO C on Aug t1 201
s s a nd
ie
ght r he
us 9, 3.
Re c m e d t sac i on N ove be 15, 3. l he c pl nt Ree a l es
ed om nce hi ton
m r 201 n r om ai , d leg

t the s xua ha a s e a s eque t r nai vi a eTil Vl oft Ci lRi sAc
ha r e l r s m nt nd ubs nt e mi ton olt te l he vi ght t

of1 (i teVI' , U. C.j2000ee s n.Spe iialy, dase t cli f ahosie
964 l l I' 42 S.
Ti
)
te
cfc l Ree s rs ams or tl
w or e r m e ,qui pr quo di c i i ton,s x di c i i i a r t i t y di c r
k nvi on nt d o
s rm na i e s rm naton, nd e ala or s ha ge.

OnAug t1 , 01 ,
us 1 2 4 VDOC fldamoi nf rs mmayj dg n .Th c u t edah ai
ie
to o u r u me t e o r h l e rng
on t m oton on Se e be 8,201 a t m oton i now rpe f rr vi w .
he
i
pt m r
4, nd he
i s
i o e e
St
andard ofR e ew
vi

Ana r o s mmayj dg n i a p o it wh nCh p e d n s t d s o r a d
wad f u r u me t s p rprae e d e la i g ,he ic vey n
t
di c os e m a e i l on fl ,a any a fda t s
s l ur
t ras
ie nd
f i vis how t tt r i no ge ne i s a t any
ha he e s
nui s ue s o

maeil a ta dt a temo a ti e tte t j d me ta amatro lw. Fe R. v.
tra f c n h t h v n s n ild o u g n s te f a ' d. Ci P.
'
56() Forapa t se denc t rieage neis ofmatra f tt a ds mma y
a.
ry' vi e o as
nui sue
eil ac o voi u r

j d me t i mus b S u ht a ar a o a l j r c ul rtr av r it o t en n- vn
u g n ,t t e d c h t e s n b e u y o d eun ed c f r h o mo ig
s
pa t ' Ander on,
ry.
'
s 477 U . a 248. I de e m i ng whe he t gr nta m oton f s m a y
S. t
n t r ni
t ro a
i or um r

j dg n ,hec u t s v e t er c r i t lg tmos f v rb et t en n- vigp ry,
u me t t o r mu t iw h e o d n he ih
t a o a l o h o mo n a t
a drw alr s na ei e e esi he fvor J.a 255.seas Ter sFl Fahi ,ne.
nd a 1 ea o bl nfr ne n r a . #z t , e lo rv' oor s ons l
.
v.Buri t l .l ,763F. 604,61 ( h Ci.1 5)
lngon ndus. nc.
2d
0 4t r 98 .
Di si
scus on

5

Re tl s tunderTil Vl,whih pr bispr ci est tS s rm i eagans any
ed ied ui
te 1
c ohi t a tc ha t c i nat
di
i t

i vi wihr pe tt ( r compe ai tr ,c tons orprviege ofe oyme
ndi dual t es c o hej
nston,ems ondii , i l s mpl nt
bec us ofs hi vi ls.s x..' 42U. C.j2000e2( ( ) Til V1 pr bis
a e uc ndi dua'..e ..
'
S.
- a)1. te 1 ohi t
di c i i ton w ih r s c t e pl e dec s ons ha ng a diec ec
s rm na i
t e pe t o m oym nt i i
vi
r t onom i i pa t lke
c m c, i

t r i tonsorde o i ,aswe la a tonst tc eae o pe peuae ahosieora i
e m na i
m tons
l s c i ha r t r r t t
tl
busve
wor ng e r nm e . Se V a v. l St t U ni ,
ki nvi o nt e nce Ba l a e v,

U.
S.

,1 S.Ct 2434,2440
33
.

( 01 ) l mo n f rs
2 3 . n vig o ummayj d me tVDOC c n e d ta Re dh sfie t d mo tae
r u g n,
o tn s h t e a ald o e nsrt
a ge ne i s ofa m a e i lf c w ih r ga d t e h ofhe Til V 1 c ai s The co ' wil
nui s ue
ny t r a a t t e r o ac
r te l l m .
ul l
t
add e sea h cl i i t n.
r s c a m n ur
1. H ostl W or E nvi
ie
k
ronm ent

Re d cli st tM iche lsha a s e cr a e ahosie wor envionment To r c r
e am ha t l' r s m nt e t d
tl
k
r
.
e ove
unde Til VI f a hos ie w or e r nm e cr a e by s xualha as m ent a pl i i fk us
r te I or
tl
k nvi o nt e t d
e
r s
, a ntf ç t
m

pr t tt ofendi cond t()wasunwecome,( wasbas onhe s x, 3 was
ove ha he f ng
uc 1
l
2)
ed
r e ()
s tci nty s ve e orpe vas ve t a t rt c tons ofhe e pl en a c e t a a i
ufi e l e r
r i o le he ondii
r m oym t nd r a e n bus ve
'
lr
wor e r nt a ( wasi a et he e oye .' Ocheteev Scolo Pr tons
k nviomne , nd 4)
mputbl o r mpl r'
ln oduci ,
.

I ,335F.d 3 33l(t Ci.2003) S rTil V1, n e oye ' la lt .ma de
nc.
3 25, 4h r
.d
unde te l a mpl rs ibiiy.. y pend
on t sa usoft har s e .'Va e,1 S.Ct a 2
he tt
he a s r' nc 33
. t 439. l t ha a s i t vitm ' c
f he r s er s he c i s owor r t e pl ri la e t y i i wasne i nti c r lng wo ki c to . 1
ke , he m oye s i bl d
onl f t
glge n ontoli
r ng ondii ns' d.
'
O n t o he ha i t ha a s r wast vi tm ' s r s , he e pl r i s rc l la e i
he t r nd, f he r s e
he c i s upe vi or t m oye s t i ty i bl f

lWh t rteofn igc n u twa u wec ias be tv a ay i, u termann fco sae
ehe h fe dn o d c s n lome s u j cie n lss b th e iig atr r
weg e o jciey, o sd rn tettlyo tecru tn e,n ldn çh fe u n yofh dsrmiaoy
ih d be t l c n ieig h oai fh ic msa c s icu ig k e rq e c te ici n tr
v
t
t
conduc ;is s rt w he he i i phys c l t e t ng orhum ii tng,ora m e e ofens v ute a
t t eve iy; t r t s
i aly hr a eni
la i
r f i e tr nce;a w he he
nd
t r
i u e ona y i e f r wih an empl
t nr as bl nt r e es t
oyee' wor peror anc ' Ha rsv.For i tSvs. l ,51 U. l 23
s k f m e. r i
'
klf
, nc. 0 S. 7,

(1 .Be us tecour' de son he et nson whehe M ic lsha asmen c be i e t VDOC,he
993) ca e h
ts cii r ur
t r thel' r s t an mputd o
t
cour doe n c de w h he t ha a s en wa s fci l s er orpe va i t m a ou a h tl wor
t s ot onsi r et r he r s m t s uf i enty ev e
r s ve o ke t os ie k
e r e cam .
nvionm nt l i

6

t ha as m e r ulsi a t bl e pl en ac i n.2 I .
he r s nt es t n angi e m oym t to
d
l V a ,t Supr m e Cour defne a t upe vi or' one w ho l s e pow e e by t
n nce he
e
t i d ' r s ' as
s
' m
i
rd
he
em pl ye t t ke t ngi e e pl e ac i nsaga ns t vi tm ,ie. t e f ta ç i fca
o r o a a bl m oym nt to
i t he c i . , o f ec s gnii nt
c nge i e pl e ts at ,s a hii f rng, a lng t pr ot ,r s i nm e w ih
ha
n m oym n t us uch s rng, i i f ii o om e ea s g nt t

sg fca l dif r ntr ponsbiii , a de ii n c usng a sg fc ntc nge i be is''
i nii nty fe e es i ltes or c so a i
i nii a ha
n neft .'

l a 2443(uoi Buri onl ti ,l v. lrh,524U. 742,761( 998). The
d. t
q tng lngt ndusres nc. Elet
S.
1 )
Va eCour s ctcal rj t t mor S bul 'dei tonofs r iorf mel
nc
t pe ii ly eeced he e i ous' fnii
ne
upe vs or ry
pr ot d by t EEOC a a
om e
he
nd dopt d by t Four h Cic t w hi h ted i upe vi ors a ust t
e
he
t r ui, c i t r s t t o he
s
a lt t exe c s s gnii a die ton overa he ' daiy w or ' 1 The Co te p s ze
biiy o r i e i f c nt r c i
not r s l
k. d.
'
ur m ha i d

t tby cr a i a û l a ditnc i 'bewe n s r s r a c wor r ,is r s y saus
ha
e tng t e r si ton' t e upe vio s nd o- ke s tupe vior t t
c

(a ber a l deemi d, nealybywrte doc ntto ' I Thus whehe a
c nl e diy tr ne ge r l
itn ume ain. d.
'
, t r
vi tm ' ha a s rqua i i ashe s r s l l ge r l be c pa e ofr s uton a
ci s r se
lfes
r upe vi or k l ne aly
wi
a bl
e ol i t

s mma yj d me t' I . t2 4 , 4 9
u r u g n. d a 4 3 2 4 .
'
Thec tc l
our onc udest tM ic l doe notqualf asRee ss r s runde Va ,
ha t he l s
iy
d' upe vio
r nce
be us he l cke t a ho iy t t ke a t ngi e e pl ym e a ton aga ns her M ic l
ca e a d he ut r t o a ny a bl m o nt c i
i t . t hel

di no ha t a t iy t alerRe ss he e, s plnehe , hoos nott pr
d t ve he u hort o t
ed' c dul dici i
rc
e
o omot he ,
e r
ortr he .3 I f c , M ic l c d o y c
i e r n a t the l oul nl ompl t ape f m a e e ua i f Ree i he
ee
ror nc val ton or d f r

ShitLi tna rndoml s e tdhi t dos Se Shet De 1 6- 1(ttngt tt
f eue nt a
y elce m o o. e lon p. 0: 1 sai ha he

s f le ena S trndoml s e ts .. hewa st bet e uai s r iorf t t
hi' iut ntjus a
t
y elcgl .who
nt o he val tng upe vs or ha
ofke'ba e ont numberofofier a sg dt ea hs f) ic l' r s nsbiiisdo
t r' s d he
fc s sine o c hit.M thels epo i lte
2I no t ngi e e pl e a i t s pl , k he e pl rm a e a la lt by e t bls ng,a an
f a bl m oym nt cton ake ace l m oye y sc pe i biiy
t
s a i hi s

afr t dee s , h t( )t ee l y re e cs dr a o a l c r t p e e ta d c re t n h r si gbe a ir
fima i f n e t a l h mp o e x r ie e s n b e a e o r v n n o r c a y a a sn h vo ,
ve
a d ( )t a t ep an ifu r a o a l f i dt tk a v n a eo t p e e tv o c re tv o p ru iist a t e
n 2 h t h l itf n e s n by a l o a e d a t g f he r v n ie r o r ci e p o tn t h t h
e
e
emplyerpr de ' l Thi a fnnai de e ei i pplc eher asRee stnni ton cl ry c tt esa
o
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'
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t bl empl entac i n.
angi e
oym
to
3Th r cor s
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ha
den a vi d he ol hort o or ly s plne d e nae ed
SeeJa vi D e 9: 0r s p. 1 22.

7

i l i y t da s pe vii ofsa f' W or De c i i De .sM o .
ncude i o y u r son tf ,
da
'
k s rpton, f' t Summ .J Ex.P,
.
ECF

16- Howe r Sthea lt t diec a t remplyee' ts i smpl nots fcint't
5.
ve ,ç l biiy o r t nohe
g
o s a ks s i y
ufi e ' o
ce t as vior rltons p.Va e,1 S. . 2448,seas i a 2444- ( i
rae uper s y eai hi
nc 33 Ctat
. e lo d. t
46 notng
t tt t r (s r s ' ha va yi coloq a m e ni a t c
ha he e m kupe vi e ' s r ng l ui l a ngs nd hus annotcon r a c t s
t ol our '

deer naton ofs r s saus.Be a eM ic l doesnotqualf a Re d' s r s ,
t mi i
upevior tt ) c us thel
iy s e s upevior
VD OC c
anno behed vi a i l la e f a hosiewo k e r e t tma havebe
t
l c rousy i bl or ny tl r nvionm nt ha y
en
c ea e by hi ha as m e . Se e. ,M c nni h v. ona
r td
s r s nt e. c. Ki s D hue, 4 U . D it LEX I 11 7,
201 S. s .
S 361

a *1 ( . N . Aug.15, 4)
t 4 W D. C.
201 .
R e d' c a m f r hos ie w o k e r entca t r f e s vi onl i s c n
e s li o
tl r nvionm
n he e or ur ve y f he a

pr
oducee de e s
vi nc howi t tVDOC wasneglg i contoli wor ng c tonsa
ng ha
i ent n
r lng
ki ondii
t
BC C. See V a e,1 S.Ct a 2439. To do s Re d m us de onsr t t tVD O C tt w or
nc 33
.t
o, e
t m t a e ha
d ne
l
s d ha know n a
houl ve
boutt ha as m e a f ied t t ke e f ctve a ton t s op i.'
he r s nt nd a l o a f e i c i o t t'

Oc lrev.Scolo Pr to .nc.335F. 325 334( h Ci.
hete
ln oducins l ,
3d , 4t r 2003) s as M i sv.
,
. ee lo kel
CiyofDur m,183F. 323,33 ( hCi.1 (kEl oyesaela eonl f t i o
t
ha
3d
2 4t r 999) sg mpl r r ibl y or her wn
neg i nc i f ii afe ac ualorc tuc i knowl dge, o t kepr pta ade t
lge e n a lng, t r t
onsr tve
e
t a
om
nd qua e

a i t sop ghehaasmenq' Ane oye ca bec r dwih( nsr tveknowldg
cton o t t r s t.
). mpl r n hage t ' tuci
co
e e
ofco- ke ha a s e whe i f ist pr de r a ona e pr e e f vi tm st r gi t r
wor r r s m nt
n t a l o ovi e s bl oc dur s or c i o e s e

c pl nt.'Oc tee 335F. a 334. Howe ,k n empl erc nnotbeexpe e t
om ai s' helr ,
3d t
ver i
a
oy a
ctd o
c r tha as m e unl s t e pl e m a a conc r e e f tt i o m t e pl rt ta
or ec r s nt es he m oye
kes
e t d f or o nf r he m oye ha

pr e e ss' Barf v.Apple RadintEne q Com s240F. 262, ( h Ci. )
oblm xit. ret
'
id
a
rv
,
3d
268 4t r 2001 .
H e e, e d tr tt adva a ofV DO C ' f m alha as m e r po tng pr e eson
r R e l s ook
nt ge
S or
r s nt e r i
oc dur
A pr l9,2012. V DO C t acton t st t har sm entassoon as Reed fl hercom pl nt
i
ook i o op he as
ied
ai .
Jarvi i m edi el pl
sm
at y aeed M ivhel and Reed on l
t l
eave,a Snavel com pl ed a f m al
nd
y
et
or

8

i tga i ofRe d' alega i w ihi aw ee ofhe c pl nt See H a r sv. L W i s
nves i ton
e s l tons t n
k
r om ai .
r i L&
ngs

l ,1 F. 978,98 ( hCi.1 ( tngKigor v. mps & Br k M c .I ,
nc. 32 3d
4 4t r 997) cii
l e Tho on
oc
mts nc.93

F. 752,754( 1hCi.1 )C$ goodfihi tgai ofalege ha a s ntma s tsy
3d
1 t r 996) A
at nvesi ton l d r sme
y aif
t k ompta a ua e'r s
he pr
nd deq t e pons sa r e n i t i si a i t nsup no e de e of
e t nda d, ve f he nve tg ton ur
vi nc

ha a s nt'.Ther c d s sst tt s lharsme i si tonpr ee d
z sme .)
'
e or ugge t ha he exua a s nt nve tgai oc de
i pe nty f o a di c plna y i s i ton. See Snave y Af . D e . ot Sum m . .
nde nde l r m ny s i i r nve tga i
l f, f M .
J,
ECF 1 2. N o e de e s
6vi nc ugges st tk he i s i ton w asa s m o t ti wasnoti e d
t ha t nve tga i
t
ha r ha t
nt nde

t unc
o overt tut co e ni t al ga i ofs xua ha a s e . c nnih, 4 U .
he r h nc r ng he le tons e l r s m nt'
'M Ki s 201 S.

Dit LEXI 11 7,a +1 ( tngJ da v.Dona 201 U. Dit LEXI 1
s.
S 361 t 5 cii or n
hoe, 3 S. s.
S 05058
( D. J y26, ) af d549Fe App' 21 ( hCi. 4).Be a eRe dhasf l
E. Va. ul 2013 , f
d. x 3 4t r 201 ) c us e
aied
t pr s nta e denc s i t tV D OC w asne i nti c r lng t w o ki
o e e ny vi e how ng ha
glge n ont oli he r ng

c tonsatBCC,he hosiewo k e r
ondii
r tl r nvionmen cli f isa ama trofl andwilbe
t am a l s
te
aw
l
di m i s d.
s se

l.QudPr Qu Dic i nain
I i o o s rmi t
o
Re d as cai st tM ic lst ea t û i ' rpe f m a e r vi i s r f e
e lo l m ha t hel' hr t o d x'he ror nc e ew f he e us d
f

hi r tcove tr sa
s omani rt e mount t qui pr quo sxua dici naton.Qui pr quo
z
so d o
e l s rmi i
d o

d srmi to o c r whe a e l y e sc n iu de j y n o j bbe eis icu ig
ici nai n c u s n n mp o e ' o tn e n o me t f o n tt,n ldn
e pl e ,i c
m oym nt s ondii d upon ac es nc t a s r i or s s xuala
tone
qui ce e o upe v s ' e
dvanc or
es

haasme .Se Kazv.Dol,709F. 251 25 ( hCi.1983) d'oesa ih aprmafce
r s nt e t
e
2d , 4 4t r
. i' tbls
l
i ai

c eofqui pr quo sxua haa s ntunderTil V1,apli ifmus etbls ghat ( )s
as
d o
e l rsme
te l antf t sa ih t l l he
bel t apr e tdgr ( s wa s j tt unweco s xuala nc ;()t
ongs o otce oup; 2) he s ubec o
l me e
dva es 3 he
unwecomeconduc wasbe a eofsx;( he r ci t t ha a s ntafce t bl
l
t
c us e 4) r ea ton o he r sme fe td angi e
as t ofhe e oy nt a ()t r aegr
pecs
r mpl me ; nd 5 hee r oundsf hol ngt emplyerla efrt
or di he
o ibl o he

9

e oye ha a srsc
mpl e r se ' onduc. i v. ae s 455F.Supp.2d508,51 ( D. .2006)
t' gcs W tr,
'Br
8 E. Va
(ntr lciai a quottonsomit .
i ena ttons nd ai
ted)
Re squi pr quo c a m f is f rt s m e r as ashe hos ie wor e r nm e
ed'
d o
l i a l o he a
e on
r tl
k nvi o nt
cl i : M ic l w a nothe s r s r be aus he c d nott a t ngi e e pl e
am
t he l s
r upe vi o , c e
oul
ake ny a bl m oym nt

acinsag ns he .SeeM c nnih,201 U. DitLEXI 11 7,a *1 (ali
to ai t r
Ki s
4 S. s.
S 361 t 7 c lng
s r s y sausCa e s nta ee ntofaq dpr quocli ' trVa ) Thus e ni
upevior tt in s e il lme
ui o
am'afe nce .
, ve f
Re d co d ma outavi equi pr quo c am agans M ic l VDOC ca
e ul ke
abl d o
li
i t t hel,
nnotbehe d
l
vi rous y la e f t tco
ca i l i bl or ha nduc . Se H ag v. v. Te s H e lh Sc e e Ce e , o.
t e
ue Uni of xa
a t i nc nt r N

1 - 01 2 5 0F. p' 3 8 3 - 2( t Ci. 4 (n u ih d (o dn t thesa dad
3 5 0 , 6 Ap x. 2 , 313 5h r 201 ) u p bl e ) h l ig ha t tn r s
s
f de e m i ng w ho i a s r s unde V a e a y t q d pr quo c es a wel ashosie
or t r ni
s upe vior
r nc ppl o ui o
as s l
tl

wor e r nme cai ) Asdic s a
k nvio nt l ms.
s used bove,herco das l ksa e de s si
t e r lo ac ny vi nce uggetng
t tV D OC w a neg i nti contoli t wor ng c tons a BCC. Thus Re squi
ha
s lge n
r lng he
ki ondii
t
, ed'
d
pr q c ai f l asa m a t rofl w a w ilbe di m i s
o uo l m ais
te
a nd l
s s ed.
1 Sex D i i i i
11.
sct m naton

Re d as a s rst hertr i ton c tt e s x dic i i ton i vi a i of
e lo s e t hat
e m na i onsiut s e s rm na i n olton
Til V1 . To de onsr t a prm a f ci c s ofs x di crm i ton,a pl i ifm us i ta l
te 1
m tae
i a e a e e s i na i
a ntf
t nii ly

s w eiher( )die evi nceofi e i ldicrmi ton, or( crumsa i1evi nc of
ho t 1 rct de
ntntona s i nai 4 2) ic tnta de e
dic i nai unde t t ee se bur s fi fame k s tf t i M cDonnel Doucl
s rmi ton
r he hr -t p den-hitng r wor e orh n
l
as

Cor v. e n, U. 79 802- (1 )
p. Gre 411 S. 2, 805 973 .Unde t M c
r he DonnelDo asfa wor a
l ugl rme k,
pli ifmus i tal S how t t( )s i amembe o apr tcedcas ;( s s fr
antf t niily s
s
ha 1 he s
r f oe t l s 2) he ufeed

a ves e o me ta to ; 3 s ewa pef r n h r o d te a alv lh tme h r
d re mply n ci n ( ) h s ro mig e j b u is t e e ta t e
e oye ' lgii t e cai a t tmeoft ad ree oymentaci a ( t
mpl rs e tmae xpe ttons t he i
he ves mpl
ton; nd 4) he

Re doesnotofera die e den ofi entonaldi c i i ton.
ed
f ny r ct vi ce nt i
s rm na i

10

poston r m ane ope orwastled by smia l qualfe a iant outi t pr e t d
ii e i d n
il
i lry
ii d pplc s sde he ot c e

cas ' Hilv.
l s. l Lockhe Mari Logitc M g .l ,35 F. 277,285( hCi.
'
ed tn
sis mtsnc. 4 3d
4t r 2004)(n
e
ba )
nc .
l aprm af i c e i pr s nt t bur n s fst t e oye t t riult a
f i ac e as s e e ed, he de hit o he mpl r o d tc a e
a
l tm a e nondi c i i t y r a on f t a r e e pl e adi ' I I t e pl r
egii t ,
s r m na or e s or he dve s m oym nt on.' d. f he m oye
m ee st s bur n ofpr
t hi
de
odud i t n ( he bur n s f sbac t t pl ntf t pr by a
on, he é
t
de hi t
k o he ai if o ove
pr po r nce oft e de e t tt e pl ' sa e r s ns û e e notis tue r a ons
e nde a
he vi nc ha he m oyer s t t d ea o w r
t r es ,

butwer aprtxtf dici nain.' I ( i Re vesv.Sa s Pl ncPr ts
e ee or srmi to '' d. quotng e
nderon umbi oducs
tm e de
uas on
ns t he a ntf
l .530U. 133,l (
nc,
S.
43 2000). Theuli at bur n ofpers i rem ai w ih t pl i if
)

t oughout J .
hr
..
;
Re ha s t s i he i ta bur he e. Ree i a m e berofa pr e t d cl s ,a
ed s a i fed r nii l den r
ds
m
ot c e a s nd
s s f r d a a r e em pl m e a ton w he s w a t r i t d i M a 201 A lhough
he uf e e n dve s
oy nt c i
n he s e m na e n y
2. t
V D OC co e t tRee f ied t s i f is e c a i w he s wasi te i t he
nt nds ha
d a l o ats y t xpe t tons
n he
na t ntve o r

duteson Aprl7,201 Re ha pr vi d e de s
i
i
2, ed s o de vi nce ugge tng t tt se
si ha hi xpeda i m a not
ton y

b lgtmae Se W ac v. i Ca .ns Co.4 F.d51 , 7( t Ci. 0 6 (ttn t t
e e ii t. e rh Oh o s l . , 35 3 0 51 4h r 2 0 ) saig ha
S alh u ho s mmayj d me t n e l y ri fe t a s r t t h j b e p cainp o g
û lt o g n u r u g n a mp o e s re o se tha t e o x e tto r n
g
hasnotbe n m e ,no hi pr bist e pl e f om c
e
t t ng ohi t he m oye r
ount rng .. ih e de e t t
e i .w t vi nc ha

demonsrts( a l s ceaesaqueto off c)t tt pr fr d lxpecai i noti
tae or t eat r t
sin a t ha he ofe e e tton' s ,n
fc,l ii t a al') Fore mpl t r or s wst taco rci ofi rwoul not
a t egtmae t l. .
'
xa e,he ec d ho ha
re tonal fce
d
vi a e B CC polc i s l f he pos be aus s w as sc See J r sD e 3 20- 35: ol t
i y f he e l r t c e he
i k.
a vi p. 4: 24, 1 5.
The r or al o s
ec d s ugges st tBCC c r c i nalof i r r gul r y s ti t One- bp of i e f
t ha
or e t o
fce s e a l a n he
f
f c or
ext d pe i a us d t ofk et e
ende r ods nd e he t el phone f pe s na ea l w ih t kno l dge and
or r o l ls t he w e

c e oft i s vior.SeeFrzirDe l!!5- Pl' Br i Opp.Ex.1 ECF 21 1.
ons nt her uper s s
a e c. 9, .s .n
,
-

Vi wi t e de e i t lg mos f r bl t Re t cour ca
e ng he vi nc n he i ht t avo a e o ed, he
t nnotconcudet ts
l ha he
f ie t m e tV DO C ' l tm a e e c ato a a m a t rofl .
al d o e
S egii t xpe t i ns s
te
aw
Thus t bur n s f s t V DO C t pr e a l tm a e,
, he de hit o
o es nt egii t nondicrm i t y r as f
s i na or e on or
t r i tng Ree ifhe e pl r s b de a t ss a i o ofpr
e m na i
d. k ' m oye ' ur n t hi t ge s ne
oduc i notpe s s on;i
ton,
r ua i t
ca i ve no c e biiy a s s e . W a s 435 F. a 51 A c di t VD O C,Re
n nvol
r di lt s es m nt'
' r h,
3d t 4. cor ng o
ed
w ast nni t d f he f l e t r m a n al r on pos on Apr l7,201 a vi a i n ofB CC'
e na e or r aiur o e i e t
t
i
2, ol t o
S

wrtenpolci .lg l nane oye a tc aesar as f dic r ngt pli ifnot
it
i es ûW he
mpl r riult e on or shagi he antf

f r d e b lw,ti n tg c u ts p o i c t d cd wheh rter a o wa wie fi, r
obid n y a i s o t o r'l r v n e o e i e te h e s n s s , ar o
he
e n cor e t uli a el s l asi tul w ast r as f t pl i i f st r i ton.
ve
r c , tm t y, o ong t r y
he e on or he a ntf e m na i '
'

De anet v.Cor ngl ,1 F. 293,299( h Ci.1 ( i Ginnopoul v. ac
l r te
ni nc. 33 3d
4t r 998) quotng a
os Br h
& Br k Confci sl ,l F. 406,41 1( t Ci.1 ) Thec tfndst t
oc
e tons nc. 09 3d
0-1 7h r 997).
our i ha
V DO C ' pr f r e a ton f Re st r i ton s i fesis bur n ofpr
S of e ed xpl na i or ed' e m na i ats i t
de
oduc i n her
to
e,
e n i t te ana i i notuli a e y f
ve f ha xpl ton s
tm t l ound c e bl .
r di e
The bur t r f e s f sba k t Re d,w ho m us pr de e de t tV D OC '
den he e or hit c o e
t ovi vi nce ha
S

p ofee r a onf he tr nai i a t lyprtxtf dici nai Cgj i t
r frd e s or r emi ton s cual ee or s rmi ton.slt s he
pe ce i n oft dec son- a rw hi h i r l va ' w he c i rng evi nc ofpr t xt
r pto
he i i m ke
c s e e nt' n onsde i
de e
ee .

Ha nsv.Pepsco.l ,203F.d274,28 ( h Ci.
wki
i nc.
3
0 4t r 2000) nt sc e Re dhaspr
.I hi as, e
oduce
d
t tmony by J r s VDOC' dec son- a r t ta i1c r ctonalofi e woul notbe
esi
a vi,
S ii m ke , ha n 1 ore i
fc r
d
di c plned,m uch l s t r i t d, orl a ng he pos t vom i. See J r i D e 34: 24,
si i
e s e m na e f e vi
r to
t
a v s p. 2035: 5. I t n,She t sr por not d t tRe d m a ha be ildurng t e nt gi ng
1- n ur
lon' e t e ha e
y ve en l i he ve s vi

rs t he dici i r i r ci Se I de Re t sai t tRe dks unde a t
ie o r s plnay nfa ton. e nci nt por (ttng ha e so d s hough
ghe wa t owi up sek' . Thercor as co anse de es si t tohe
s l s hr ng i '
)
e d lo nti vi nc uggetng ha t r

co r tona ofi r we enotdi cplne f smia c
rec i l fce s r
s i i d or i lr onduc ,a t tl kadasca be vi r
t nd ha ac
ii l ha o

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