Garner v. Steger et al

Filing 24

MEMORANDUM OPINION. Signed by District Judge Glen E. Conrad on 10/09/2014. (ssm)

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Background

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a he pos to ou s de hi c en fel a hi ta f rw asl l d a a ûc r c i a ton' b
not r ii n t i
s hos i d, nd s r ns e
abe e s ç or e tve c i ' y
t uni r iy i isr po tt t N CA A a
he ve s t n t e r o he
boutt i r ctons The pl ntf c a m e t the had
he nfa i .
ai i f l i d ha

no opport t t diput t slbela t ti waspr ven i hi fom obti ng ot r
tmiy o s e hi a
nd ha t
e tng m r
a ni he
e pl e i hi c e fed. e on t s f c s t Fourh Cic ta e t thehad
m oym nt n s hos n i l Bas d
he e a t , he
t r ui gr ed ha
s t inty sa e acl m t thehadbe n de i d ofalbe t i e e twihou duepr e s See
ufk e l t t d ai ha
e prve
i ry ntr s t t
oc s .
c r ly Ri h,447 F. 292;s e a s Hal v.Civ ofN e
ene a l dpat
3d
e lo l
t
wpor N e s 469 F. pp' 25 263
t w ,
A x 9,

( hCi. 2)(
4t r 201 unpubls d)
ihe .
18

I Ha lt co tde e ne t t pli tf hadpld s fcintf c st s w t thi
n l, he ur t nni d hat he a n if
e ufi e a t o ho ha s
de oto qua ii d asûs gnii nt'
m in
lte
ti fca ' unde Ri t wher he w a es e i ly de o e f om a
r dpa h
e
s s nta l m t d r

c riid l w e or me ofi rwih t polcepowe t m a sops is s
e tfe a nf ce nt fce t he i
r o ke t , s ue umm onsa
nd
wa r nt,a m a are t,a i t a as i d t acvii nposton a Csrppe ... hi
r a s nd ke r ss nd nse d sgne o i la
ii nd kti d of s
lw e or men powe sa sa usa apolceofi r'469 F.App' a 261,262.Hi lbe t
a nf ce t
r nd t t s
i tce .'
x t
s i ry
i e es w ast r f e i plc t d. d.
nt r t
he e or m i a e 1
Bot R i t and Hal no e t t i plc t a lbe t i e e t a dem oton m us be
h dpa h
l t d hat o m i a e i ry nt r s ,
i
t
s gnik a ,s h a r as i e ofa em pl
i t nt uc s e s gnm nt n
oyee C o a pos ton out i hi fe d ofc c '
û
t
ii
s de s i l
hoi e.
'

Ri t 447 F. a 309.Thus notany de i wils t e;nse d, hede oton or
dpah,
3d t
,
moton l ufk i t a t
m i

r a sg me tmu t et é o frb ne t t eo e( an it h d, eeb ig s d mo e i t
e si n n s b o t b a e ah h n plitfl a wh r en o e td s o
aj
be a e f tvel e l
s feci y xcuded fo one' tadeo c li asby bei t own outo t sr e .
rm
sr
r a lng
ng hr
n he te t'
'

Rip t 4 7F.da 31 ( u tdi Hal Ci o Ne o t ws 46 F. p' 25 26 ( t
d ah, 4 3 t 4 q o e n lv. t f wp rNe , 9 Ap x 9, 2 4 h
y
Ci. 2).TheRi t c t ai d:
r 201 )
dpah our expl ne
Ri t w a no s m pl t a f r e fom o pos ton t a s i l
dpa h s t i y r ns e r d r
ne ii o lghty
l s desr bl ore n a be trone ...Ra he ,i a dr a i cha
es
ia e ve
te
t r n
am tc nge
ofs a useq va e t o rghtdi cha ge, w asoused f om t
tt
ui l nt o ut i
s r he
t r he
Uni r iy' De rmen ofAt ei a complt y e ude
ve st s pa t t
hltcs nd
e el xcl d
f om hi c en te d ofi er olegi t a hl tcsa i s r ton.
r
s hos i l
nt c l a e t e i dm ni t a i

447F. a 311 Seeas i a 311n.9 ( si s ngt f e ngcic tnce fom
3d t .
lo d. t
1 ditnguihi he orgoi rumsa s r

de inst ti ve ûnoc ngei lneofwor '.
moto ha nvol d t ha n i
k')
The ea e sg t a f t ditnci be we n t f c si Ri t a Hal, t
r r i nik nt acual si tons t e he a t n dpa h nd l on he
one ha a t f c she e, t ot .Thos ditnci l a t c t o c udet t
nd, nd he a t r on he her
e si tons e d he our t oncl ha
Ga ne ' lbe t i e e tw a no vi a ed he e.Se D kt N o.1 a 3- l pa tc a , hie t
r r s i r y nt r s s t ol t
r
e
.
3 t 5. n r i ul r w l he

pl i if i t eca e we eefeci l pr ve ed fo wor ng i t i chos n fel ,Ganwr
antfs n hos s s r f tvey e nt r m
ki n her
e i ds
r a nsem pl
em i
oyed i t s e f e d.Ga rr m ai e pl yed i ac dem i a a hi l velof
n he am i l
nw e ns m o
n a
a t gh e

mana m e a ha ma nt ne hi f ls lr Thus hi d moton,'e n as um i i
ge nt nd s i ai d s ul aa y.
, st
de i ' ve s ng t
i ia e apr t i e es ba ed ont Ha
mplc t d opery nt r t s
he ndbook' pr t to , snots t i ntt i i t
s o eci ns i
ufk e o mplcae
albery i e es.Ther ton i tte a l si lbor t y f ng, tndi a one, esmpl
i t nt r t
educi n il nd os n a a or undi sa ng l ar i y
i uf i e t s
ns fci nt o uppor G a ne ' a l ga i t the ha bee l l
t r r s le ton ha
s n k uded ...f om hi t a o
exc
r
s r de r

c lng a apr es o ,s e ii r s a che ,a i sr t ,a diecorofas i ii i tt e.
ali s of s r cintfc e e r r dm nita or nd r t
centfc nsiut '
'
D kt N o.1 a 24. e Ri t s a; a l s a. si pa tc a l t ue w he e he i c r nty
.
2 t Se dpa h, upr H l , upr Thi s r i ul ry r
r
s ur e l

pef nn n d te ( leto l apo t no t e t th wa o ii al hie t p ro b hs
ro i g u is ab i ny ri f h m) ha e s rg n ly rd o ef nn, y i
o
own a si Se Am.Compl! 1 Tha i,heha be n gi naposton a die t ofM I
dmison. e
. 7. t s
s e ve
ii s rcor
S,
a i tt ewihi VBIa a en iyt thewasorgi ly hiedt esabls Se i Thus no
n nsiut t n
nd n tt ha
i na l r o t ih. e d.
,
pl i e lbe t i e e tcli a ieson t f c soft sca e.
ausbl i ry ntr s am rs
he a t hi s g
D.

W hether G arner R ecei D ue Proces
ved
s

D e enda sa g i t a t r tve, ha i t co pl ntes a ihe a c tt i lyf
nt r ue, n he le na i t t f he m ai t bls s ons iutona l
pr t c e m ope t orlbe t i e es ,Ga e r ce ve al t pr es he w asdue pr ort hi
oe td
r y i ry nt r t m r e i d l he oc s
i o s
r as i e ,i t f ofw rte no i e a
e s gnm nt n he onn
it n tc boutt r as i e a t oppo t t t m e t
he e s gnm nt nd he
r uniy o e

wih def nda W at r t dic si. M o eo r de e
t
e nt le s o s us t r ve , f ndant not t ta Loude l1 je rjg
s e ha
nnil0 j a ja

( t isba i rquie nt ofnotc a a opporuniyt behe r i r r beor a
wih t sc e rme s
ie nd n
t t o
ad) s equied f e
t r nai n, Ga ne r m anse pl
e mi to but r r e i m oyed t tf 1 s l y a atnur d pr es or'Dkt No. a
û u 1 aar s e e of s .
a
' . 4 t
1 D e e nt f t poi ou t G a ne r ce ved a c ofa d a t ta r ponde i
4. f nda s urher nt t hat r r e i
opy
r f audi nd es
d n
w rtng,t the r c ve w rte notc oft r as i nm e , nd t thi c pl i alege he m e
ii ha
e ei d it n i e he e s g nt a ha s om a nt l s
t
br e l w ih W aler t di c st m a t rprort r a s g e .Addii na l de e nt
ify t
t s o s us he t e i o e s i nm nt
t o ly, f nda s
9Fort s m e r s , defnda t woul alo bee il t q iid i m uniy on t scai ,snc t y
he a ea ons e n s
d s
ntted o ualfe m
t
hi l m i e he
ha s
ve hown t tpl ntf di nota
ha ai if d
dequael algeac tt i vi a i Dur m ,737F. a 299;Seeas
t y le
onsiutonal olton. ha
3d t
lo

Gave 8 5F.da 6 2( eepanifh dbenrmo e a ad pat n h a b t o tnu da atnue
r i, 4 2 t 5 wh r litf a e e v d s e rme t e d u c ni e s e rd

pr e s wiho ac
ofs or t ut hangei s lr t deenda swer enildt qualfe i uniybe us t r wa no
n aa y, he f nt
e tte o
iid mm t ca e he e s

v o ai no p an ifsce ry e tbl h d l e t rg t.
i lto f l itf' la l sa i e i ry ih )
s b
1 cjvel Bd. o Ed c v Lo emil47 U. 5 2(9 5 .
0 e and
f u . . ud r l 0 S. 3 1 8 )
5

e
mpha iet tpl i ifdi no a i hi s l oft g iva em oee sf lowi t
sz ha antf d t va l m ef he re nc
s o l ng he
r as i nm e .
e s g nt Thus def nda s s
, e nt ugges he r ce ve al pr s he w asdue.
t e i d l oce s
A tt m oton t dim i s s a ,t cour i nott s d w ih t na l r s vi pl i i f s
he
i o s s t ge he
ts
a ke t i ly e ol ng a ntf

ca ms butonl wih de e m i ng whehe heha sa e aS a i e c am t r i 'i hi
li ,
y t t r ni
t r
s t t d t usbl l i o elef n s
pl
c
ompl i .Seel l s a. s d on t al ga i i t c
ant
qba , upr Bm e
he le tons n he ompl i , hecour c udest t
ant t
t oncl
ha
Ga ne hasa
r r
dequael a l d t thedi no r c vet pr es due. or ngt t pli
t y lege ha
d t e ei he oc s
Acc di o he an
a l a i oft c pl i ,t f r tnotce he w a gi n ofr s i e w a i t ve y br e
leg tons he om a nt he is i
s ve
ea s gnm nt s n he r i f
m e tng w ih W a t r . tt ttm e, a t r t d hi t the c d no di c s i a l ngt
ei
t
le s A ha i W le s ol m ha
oul t s us t t e h

bec us W at r wasnotf e i wel a t twast e ofa C s us i 'Ac or ngt t
a e le s
e lng l, nd ha
he nd
ny t c son. c di o he
di
'
c pl i , he e w asno w a i ofpos i e r as i entprort hi r ce vi t l te and
om a nt t r
m ng
sbl e s gnm
i o s e i ng he e t r
t Ga ne w a no gi t m i m um oft ee w o ki da t r pond t t r a ons f
hus r r s t ven ç ni
a
hr
r ng ys o es
o he e s
or
t r i ton,' s tf r h i t ha
e m na i ' as e o t n he ndbook a Se ton 7. 4.Pl i ife ai i s e de ai w hy
t ci
6. a ntf xpl ns n om
t l

d pr es wa no s tsi d he e a t ta yssi s fcinty pe s i t wihsa a
ue oc s s t a ife r nd ha nal i s ufi e l r uasve o t t nd
moton t dim is Se e. ,Dk . o.1 a 28 32. us t c t l notdimi shi cli so
i o s s . e. :. t N
2 t - Th ,he our wil
s s s am n
t sbas s
hi
i.
1 1 C onc us on
1.
l i
Fort f e ng r s , e nt 'm oton t dim i sw ilbe g a ed i par a
he or goi ea ons def nda s
i o s s l
r nt n t nd

de e i pa tI s
nid n r. n umm a y,t t e e t c
r o he xt nt he ompli i unc e r t onl r i t tpl ntf
ant s l a , he y elef ha ai if

c ns e a ans d fn a t i tero fca c p cte i p o p ci ij n tv r l fTote
a e k g i t e e d n s n h i fiil a a i s s r s e t n u cie ei . h
i
ve
e
e en hi c pli co d bei e r t d t s e ot rr le a i tdef nda si t i ofi i
xt t s om a nt ul
nt p e e o e k he e if gans e nt n her fcal
c pact t e c am sa edimi s d. c t ncudest tpl i ifha nots fc e ty pl d a
a iy,hos l i r s s e The our eo l
ha antf s
ufi i n l e
de i ton ofa pr e t d lbe t i e e ta t w ildi m i st tc a m i is e i e y.The
prva i
ot c e i r y nt r s nd hus l s s ha l i n t ntr t

cour f t c ude t tde e nt a e e il t qua ii d i
t urher oncl s ha f nda s r ntted o lfe mmuniy on pli ifsc am ofa
t
antf l i

due pr e svi a i wih r ga dt hi pr ry i e es a t wildimispl i ifsca m
oc s olton t e r o s ope t nt r t nd hus l s s antf li
f rm one ar da a s a ns de e nt ast t tcl i .Pl i if s c a m f rpr pe tve
o
t y m ge gai t f nda s o ha a m a ntf l i o os c i

ij n tv rle a t h sp o e t itrs cam ma g fr r a t stme
nu cie eif s o i r p ry n ee t li y o o wad t hi i .
ENTER:Thi 9h da ofOcobe , 4.
s t y
t r 201

c t
u

' - /.
r- .
tJ
f

Chi Unie Stt sDiti J
ef t d a e srct udge