Smith v. Ely et al

Filing 136

MEMORANDUM OPINION. Signed by Chief United States District Judge Glen E. Conrad on 1/26/2016. (tvt)

cl Rrs OFFI, U. DI COUA
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AT ROANOKE,
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I TH E UN I
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TED STA TE S D I
STR I C O U R T
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FOR THE W ESTERN DI
STRI OF W RGI A
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ROANOKE DI SI
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COREY SM I ,
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CASE N O.7: 46+ 00168
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M EM O R AN DU M O PI I N
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9 3 l ig li f xc si e o c r al r o n e v n y fnd ns
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ea e l i
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gsrt ud e a g n f r p r p it r c e i s e
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tr o d cig wo d y o r r c e i g o ur da vn e n e nd d
M a sr t J
gita e udge Sa ge fld a Re ta Re omm e ton o No mbe 3,201 The
r nt ie
por nd c
nda i n ve r
5.
Re tf
por ound t tt t si o o t de e nt wine s s wasm or c e bl a c itnt
ha he e tm ny f he f nda s' t s e
e r di e nd onsse
wih ot re de e,a t t Smih' ve so ofe nt wasdic e t d by t we g ofot r
t he vi nc nd ha
t s r in
ve s
s r die
he i ht
he
e de e a t si
vi nc nd e tmony pr s nt i l ng t tsi
e e ed, nc udi he e tmony of li o wines es The Re r
ls wn t s .
po t
c ude t tSm ih had notpr n by a m e nde a o t e de e t the wa be t n or
oncl d ha
t
ove
po r nce f he vi nc ha
s ae

oh r s c u e ij r o J y 1 ,2 2 b a y o fc ra W aln Rig ;o t th s fee
t e wie a s d n u y n ul 8 01 , y n fie t le s d e r ha e u fr d
a s rousmed c ne d whe he e ot er d De e
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n
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f ndan sTa ea M ahe a Re Oni The
t t nd t na t d on.

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e
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aci to o a e e i s k beton Smih,whie aG rvil' e o f r e c tt e a go
tvai n f n l drc hoc l
t
l t
nonti a 'us f o c , onsiut d
od

fih ef r t rso eo d r j tfe b S t sds p iea to i iet ta p rain v n
at fo t o e tr r e ,usiid y mi inztv cins nsd he rns o tto a ,
h'
a t tte s o k d d no c u e S t a y ij r . Th s t Re o tr c mme d d g a tng
nd ha h h c i t a s mih n nu y u , he p r e o n e r ni
j g n f r d fn a t o S t s Eihh Ame d n e c sie f re a d d lb rt
ud me t o ee d n s n mi
h' g t
n me t x e sv o c n eieae
i fe e e clhns a hi as a t a ba t y a m e c neglge e cai . Fi l t
ndif r nc a , nd s s ul nd ter nd dial
i nc l ms
naly, he

Re r f mdt tSmihdi note us a ritai rme e beor flngt j 1 acin,
po t ot ha t d
xha t dmilsrtve e dis f e ii he 983 to

a r q rd u e j 1 9 ea ,a d h d n tp o n b ap e nd rn eo t ee d nc t ta y
s e uie nd r 9 7 () n a o r ve y rpo ea c f h vie e ha n
ofi ilo prs n c ton pr ve e hi fo doi s
fca r i o ondii
e nt d m ' m
r
ng o.

S t fld tmey o j cin t te Re o tt taerp f rd cso He o j cst te
mih ie i l b e to s o h p r ha r i e o e iin.
bet o h
Re r ' fndi a co l i on wine s c e biiy,l r l r ie a i hi own t si ony
po ts i ngs nd ncusons
t s r di lt a gey et r tng s
e tm
a hi a tmpt d ng tilt dic e tt de e nt a t i wines e i va i uswa and
nd s te s mi ra o s r di he f nda s nd her t s s n ro
ys
t bo se li own wine s s c e biiy.
o lt r ls
t s e ' r di lt

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gsrt ud e k s ny e o nd to o h s o r. t e
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4 3 U. .2 ,2 0 71 ( 9 6 . Th c u ti c r e wi madn G d n v d tr n to o
2 S 61 7 - 1 7 ) e o r s hag d t l g G
h
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b e to s d . 8 S.
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gs t
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u g ' r po e idn nd e o n ain û h ih s t e j rt o n s n h
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y
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fna d tnniainrmanswi t edsxdj d e UntdS ae v Ra d t , 4 U. 6 7, 8
l ee n to e i t h iti u g . ie tts . d az 4 7 S. 6 6 2h
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e e he it t u e t x r ie E o - ee a l u h rt y o sd rn h cu l
hi
t si ony,a no m e ey by r viwi t m agitae' r po ta r omm e tons' W i me
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v Co k, 7 F.d6 , 6(t Ci.1 8 )
. o 7 4 2 8 7 4h r 9 5 .

Th c u t sc rf l rviwe S t so j cin a d ag me t,a d p rie tp rs
e o r ha ae ul e e d mih' b e to s n r u n s n e t n a t
y
n
oft r c d,i l ng t e bis a vi o f a a te durng til and t prs n'
he e or ncudi he xhi t nd de oot ge dmitd i ra ,
he io s

s cliypolc a tedl rs a f L c mearviw.Theco thasas c
e trt iy dmit mde e l or q n r e e
ur
lo onduce éqnovo
td
r vi w oft wines t tm o a r fe t d i t l ha lngedta c i oft ti t tm o
e e
he t s esi ny, s e lc e n he mc le
r ns rpt he ral esi ny,
and r vi we Smih' ve son ofe n si hi pro lws ta
e e d
t s ri
ve t n s i r a ui boutt s me e nt,Sm ih v.El
he n
ve s
t
y,

No 7 1 CV0 3 9( . Va Oc. , 01 )(imis dwi u p eu ief rfi let e h u t
. :3 0 2 W D. . t 25 2 3 ds se t t rj d c o alr o x a s
ho
t
a miitai rme is.
d n srt e de )
ve
The wei oft e de e tbls d t ton J y 1 201 s e40 i a e i Smih'
ght he vi nce sa ihe ha
ul 7, 2, om
nm t s n
t s

h usn a e ( p d a W aln li g d fa tyrfze t c mpywihs v r l r e st r tml
o ig r a B1 o ) t le s td e einl e t d o o l t e ea o d r o et
s

t t erc lst b lc d d wn Prs n o f asa d e s d t i b h v o a amao sc i
o h i el o e o ke o . io fkil d r se her e a i r s j r e urt
y
i i t va t alof e s fom t pod a s c e t door ,a notse s do ofi e s
ncden , caed l sc r r he
nd e ur d he
s nd i d upe r fc r
up t c i ofc ma
he han
om nd. Eve ual t i t sr t ne t t i c l wihoutanyone beng
nt ly, he nma e eur d o her els t
i
hn d or a pr ry be ng da a d. l aes Clnt a Co e Smih we e i ntfe as
nne
ny ope t i
m ge nm t
a on nd r y
t r de ii d
ha ng s ed defa c
vi hout
i nt omm e sa we e m o t s gr ga i t tni t Bot i a e l tr
nt nd r
ved o e e ton ha gh . h nm t s ae
pl a
e ded g ly t a dicplna y c r f i ii a ro or gr up de o tai n.1 The ne
uit o
s i i r ha ge or nctng i t
o
m nsr to
xt
m or ng, 15 i a e who we e sowes t co y wih or r t r tun t t i c ls we e
ni
nm t s
r l
t o mpl t de s o et ' o her e l r
es o td t t r r a i ya d, oa d ont ta pora i va ,a ta f r e t Red Oni n.
c re o he ec e ton r l de
o r ns tton ns nd r nse r d o
o
The we g of t e de e e t bls t tbec us Clnt had be n i ntse as a
i ht he vi nc sa ihed ha
a e a on
e de i d
rnglade oft dit r nce ofk e spl e a st bel a ot hi waitasapr c uton bef r
i e r he s u ba , t r ac d tm t r md s s
ea i
oe
l di hi i o one ofs ver lc
oa ng m nt
e a ompa t e son ata pora i va The plce Smih on t
rm nt
r ns tton n. y a d
t
he

1 Ca t Br t tfed t td i t i t 'dit ba , Smih l ke a Br a s i s t ng
P . own esii ha urng he nmaes sur nce
t oo d t own nd ad omehi

l e R eaen t oigi o rfc igcls W er no lc igd wn. ( . 8 , g. 2 20 5)
i , W r o g n n u u kn el. 'e t o kn o ' Tr2 4 Au 1 , 1 .
k
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va wiho i de .2 Be us Sm ih had a s be i ntte a as c iy tzea and a al a r
n t ut nci nt
ca e
t
lo en de i d s e urt lr t
i
s e de
i t i ae dimr nc ,Fn n r move Smih fom t va plc a su bel on hi wa s,
n he nm t s ba e nno e
d
t ' he n, a ed t n t
r
s it
and r t r d li t t va c
e u ne lm o he n ompa t e be i Cl nt
rm nt sde a on. E1 t n s w Cl nt a Sm ih
y he a
a on nd
t
ki ki a buti t i s ul r a ns t va scompa t ntdoor . He or r t m t
c ng nd tng her ho de s gai t he n'
rme
s
de ed he o
so butt y di no c
t p,
he d t ompl Fe rng t tda a t t c
y. a i ha m ge o he ompa t e sc d pr s n s cliy
rm nt oul e e t e trt
rs ofe c pe,we pon f bdc ton,o i ae c l bor to dudng t ta por,El dee ned
iks s a
a
a a i r nm t ola ai n
he r ns t y tnni

t ta us o f c wa wa r nt d a r m o d fom hi own bett r mot co r s f r t
ha
e f or e s ra e nd e ve r
s
l he e e ntol o he
i a e 's n be t .
nm t s bl ls

The e de e e t bls d t tt bet do no a i e unl s t of e sm ulane l
vi nc sa ihe ha he ls
t ctvat
e s he fc r i t ousy
pr s esbot oft butonson t r m ot,us ly usng t ha f rt pr ed e Pr sng
es
h wo t
he e e ual i wo nds o he oc ur . es i
o bu tn s
ne to ounds a bee wn ni t i t t sop t dir ptve be vir o be s ke
p, r ng he nma e o t he s u i
ha o r
hoc d.
W he a tva e t bel s kst i t f a
n c i t d, he t hoc he nma e or boute g s c
i ht e onds t ough t me a poi son
, hr
wo t l nt
li l rbac W hie t de c m a l a t r dde d sgnaur m a ks on t s n oft
ls owe
k.
l he vi e y e ve wo e ne i t e r
he ki
he

i t sba k,none oft de e nt had s e t a tva i oft bel ca ebur orc st
nma e' c
he f nda s
e n he c i tôn he t us
ns ut o
t s n, l a onl o m a k.
he ki or e ve y ne r
The e de e e t bls d t twhe Clnt n a Sm ih di no so t rdir pton a tr
vi nc sa ihe ha
n a o nd
t d t t p hei s u i fe

t be p,El pus d t s c
he e
y
he he e ond buton alo t aci t ea h i ae' sun bet o tm e.
t
s o tvae c nm t s t
l, ne i
The ea tr t i a e soppe kiki a El di nota tva et bet a i W he o fc r
r fe , he nm t s t d c ng, nd y d
c i t he ls ga n.
n f es
pl e W ile Smih i o one oft ba c
ac d li
t nt
he ck ompa t e t on t va hebl ke t doo wih li
rm n s he n,
oc d he r t ls

2 Th ma itaej d esrpotsae t tS t tsiida o ep n t t fr plcn hm o t v n,
e gsrt u g ' e r tts ha mi etfe t n oitha beoe a ig i n he a
h
El a Ca i t hi be nd t van a hel hi whieFr
y nd rco ook m hi he
nd d m, l mnon sa d hi f e i o t sdeoft va a
lmme s ac nt he i
he n nd
pl hedhi i t f enu oustmes t tCombsandFil wac d wiho it veni a t tFa
mc
m n he ac mer i , ha
eds the t ut ner ng, nd ha nnont n
he
plce ast bel a ot S ih' waita r t nedhi t t va wiht o blc e sandbl drppi 9om hi
a d tm t r md m t s s nd eur
m o he n t ' a k ye
w
ood i ng
s
nos ont hi s r. The c tf t t Smih has c itnty mai aned t tSmih i tal e e e t va
e o s hit
our mds ha
t
onsse l
nti ha
t niily ntr d he n
wihou i i nta t t alege a s ul fom Fa
t t ncde nd hat he l d s a t r
nnon oc r d a rFa n r ve Smih 9om t va t
cure ûe nno emo d t
he n o
plce hi i t s u bet The co tas fnds howeve ,t Smih' tsi
a
m n he t n l.
ur lo i ,
r hat t s e tmony a tt of r 'a s uli
bou he fce s s a tve
aci o sde t va i smpl no c e bl i lgh of c r c o y,mor cedi e t tmony a e de ,
tons uti he n s i y t r di e n i t
ontadit r
e r bl esi
nd vi nce
i l ng t vi o f a o Smih' a rva a Red Oni The eor ,t f t a dic e nc i t Re r t
ncudi he de ootge f t s ri l t
on.
r f e he ac u l s r pa y n he po t o

whc S t o j csi i tra t teRe o t c n lso sa dhi o jcinwil o e uld
ih mih be t s mmaeilo h p r' o cu in , n s b eto lbe v n e .
s
4

f t de pie or r t so a c s d onl afe a ofi e a id OC s a 3 The i aes
ee, s t de s o t p, nd ea e
nm t
y tr n fc r pple
pr y.

r f s da o frf rd c n a n to a d ddno c mp an t tev n d iesa u ij r o OC
e u e n fe o e o tmi ain n i t o li o h a rv r bo t nu y r
s a e f t dlrng t 45- i e rde t Re Oni n. Sm ih l tr pl a
pr y fecs zi he m nut i o d
o
t ae e ded guit t a
ly o
dici i t c r t the a tmpt d t da
s plnay ha ge ha
te e o mage sa epr pe t r l t t t r tt the had
t t o ry, e aed o he epor ha
l ke ata pora i velce do .
dc d r ns tton li l or
The e de e esa ihe t twhe t va r a he Red Oni ofk e s oft tprs n
vi nc t bls d ha
n he n e c d
on, t r
ha io
t oa d t i a e ,srp s a c d t m ,pl c d s tmas o t m,ha t nures as e s
ml de he nm t s ti e r he he
a e pi
ks n he
d wo s
ss
t m f ra i me ae me c lne ds pl e t m i s r gai n c l,a ha am e alheat
he o ny m di t di a e , ac d he n eg e to els nd d
nt
lh

pr e so l i e viw and as e s t m f a physca orm e t lhe t i s s N one o t
of s i na ntr e
s s he or ny
i l
n a alh s ue .
f he
i vi uaswho ha c a twih Smih d u ng tlspr s docl e ed t the ha any vii e
ndi d l
d ont c t
t t i li oce s lm nt ha
d
sbl

ij re o ma ea yv r a c mp an so ha ig ij e . Re On o wi s e e tbls e te
nu is r d n e b l o lit f vn nmis d in t s s sa ih d h
ne
i o tn e o d cl n ig a y ij re o a a v n imaet e s r ta h rc ie a
mp ra c f o l tn n nu is n n ni i g n t o n u e h t e e ev d ny
me

te t n n c sa' a dt t ec udn tltrcam rc ii gs c ij re a Re On o
rame t e e s t n ha h o l o ae li e ev n u h nu is t d i n.
y
The e de e as e t bls
vi nc lo sa ihes t t Smih di not pr ry exha t a i sr tve
ha
t d
ope l
us dm nita i
r m e e bef r flng t s l ws t Smih' t tmony t the c ul no o ai t ne s a y
e di s o e ii hi a ui.
t s esi
ha
o d t bt n he ce s r
f r bec us ofi r r us d t pr de t m i smpl not c e bl i lg of o he ,mor
o ms a e fce s ef e o ovi he s i y
r di e n i ht
t r
e
consse t si on a e de e t t Smih di not dii nty pur ue t a ia e
it nt e tm y nd vi nc ha
t
d
lge l
s he val bl
a nitai r m e esr r ng hi c am si t sa ton.
dmi sr tve e di ega di
s l i n hi c i

3 Smih tsiid t toncehewasr t r t t va El s ked hi muli e tme wih t su bet
t e tfe ha
e uned o he n y hoc
m
tpl i s t he t n l,
f nor s n,t n ga t r mot t Fa
or ea o he ve he e e o nnon,who c i
ontnued a tvai Smih' betmuli etmeswih o ha
ci tng t s l tpl i
t ne nd,
whie s a ng OC s a on Smih a Clnt wih t ohe hand. Smih alo tsi d t he s fr at r
l pryi
pry
t nd a on t he t r
t s e tle hat ufe ed hidde ee, ng bt' wol t hi l rba k fom beng s ke byt bel a t thes t spe le a e -ied
gr oozi un md o s owe c r
i hoc d he t nd ha
aw hi nci-r s rsz

ij r i temi o o c h rahe hsc l a Re Onin b tnoo eprvd d me ia atninfrtewo n .
nuy n h r r n e e e c d i el t d o , u
r
n o ie dc l te to o h u d
Th c u tmd S t stsi n a u teot r' s o t su b la dOC sry, n a u t ij r tebet
e o r f s mi et y bo t h f s u e fhe tn et n
h' mo
ke
p a a d bo the nu y h l
ale y c us d hi t bec
lgedl a e m, o ompltl i r di ei lg ofc r co y e de a t na u eoft betis f
eey nc e bl n iht ontaditr vi nce bout he t r he l tel
a ot wines e 'mor cedi et tmon a c e
nd her t s s
e r bl esi y nd ontmpor neo doc ntton.
a us ume ai

I lg to t e ie e n td h r a d ohe fcsf u d b t e ma itaej dg ,t e
n ih f he vd nc oe ee n t r a t o n y h gsrt u e h
c u t o cu e t a S t so j cin mus b o m z d a o t ihe o d sr dtdb oh r
o r c n ld s h t mi b e to s t e ve l s u weg d r ic e ie y t e
h'
e
e de e . t r co d,i l ng t vi o f t ge a ted i o e de e. The c tf rhe
vi nc i he e r nc udi he de oo a dmit nt vi nc
n
our u t r

c ncu e ta t d fnd n sdd no vo ae p io p lc o us f r e t u tfa l a an t
o ld s h t he ee a t i t ilt rs n o iy r e o c mj siiby g is
Smih, s ditc ly a m ai i l f t pur e of c usng hi ha m . The co t a s
t a sia l nd lcousy or he pos
a i
m r
ur lo

c ncu e ta S t dd n ts fe a y ij r o lg lsg i n e o J l 1 ,2 24a ( tjt
o ld s h t mi i o u fr n nu y f e a i nt c n u y 8 01 , nj ja
h
ka
t d fnd n sa ee tte t j g n o S t scamso e c si ef r e fiu et itr e e
he ee a t r n ild o ud me t n mi li f x e sv o c , alr o n ev n
h'
i r t ndif r nc o e i us di l eds
i s h f c 5a d delbe aei fe e et s ro m e ca ne .
n uc or e, n
Fo t r as sa e t co twilad t fndi and c usons oft Re t
r he e ons tt d, he ur l opt he i ngs
oncl i
he por,

wi te a dto a f cs a d c ncu in heen sae , a d wi e tr j g n fr t e
t h d i n l a t n o lso s ri ttd n l n e ud me t o h
h
i
l
defnda t ,asr co me d byt Re r. An a o i t o de wile e tzsda
e n s e m nde
he po t
ppr prae r r l ntr li y.

ENTER : Thi AG & da ofJ nua y,201
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