Lamonaca v. Tread Corporation
Filing
124
MEMORANDUM OPINION. Signed by District Judge Glen E. Conrad on 1/21/16. (eot)
P FFK' Q:FI (. D! P; .
J ;
;N Jq, :% .
AT RöANç)2, .-''
)--VA ..
&
,.
I THE UNI
N
TED STATES DI
STRI COURT
CT
FOR THE W ESTERN D I
STRI O F V I I I
CT
RG N A
ROA N O KE D I I ON
V SI
F1ir
. .
t l
e
J , 21 2 1
AF . 25
JU I
LA
.
w
Q$
E% nl' ;
BY:
D
VA LA RI LA M ON A CA ,
E
Ci lAc i No.7:4CV00249
vi ton
1
Pli if
antf,
M EM ORANDUM OPI ON
NI
H o Gln E.Conr d
n. e
a
ChifUnie St t sDititJ
e
t d a e src udge
TREAD CO RPOR ATI ,
ON
D e e nt
f nda .
OnJ l 7 2 5 aj r f u i fv rè Vaai La ona aO h rcamso itre e c
uy , 01 , u y o nd n a o f lre s c n e li f nefr n e
a d rtlain t e te F miy a d Me ia Le v Ac o 1 9 CTM LA' a an th rf r r
n eaito md r h a l n
dc l a e t f 9 3
. ' g i s e o me
)
e ly r Tra Copo ai n($ e d'. Th c s i no b f r t ec u t nTr a smoi nf r
mpo e , e d r r to ç a '
Tr ) e a e s w eo e h o r o e d' to o
j d me ta amatro lw o,i teatmaie ane til La o a asmoin f rlq iae
ug n s
te f a r n h le tv , w ra ; M n c ' to o i ud td
da a ;a La o c s m o i f r a t ne ' f es a ltga i coss The c the d a
m ges nd M na a'
ton o tor ys e nd ii ton t .
our l
hea i o t motonson Dec mbe 7,2015. Fort r as nssaed durng t he rng a f
rng n he
i
e r
he e o tt
i he a i nd or
t es tf t beow,Tr ad' moto wilbede ed,La ona ' moton f lq da e da a s
hos e orh l
e s in l
ni
M
ca s i or i ui t d m ge
wilbegr nt d,a LaM onac sm o i f ra t ne 'f sa c t wilbe g a ed i pa ta
l
a e nd
a' ton o tor ys ee nd oss l
r nt n r nd
de e i pa t
ni d n r .
Fac ualBackuround
t
La n c b g nwokigfrTr a i 2 0 S ewa p o tdt h l nr s uc s(
Mo a a e a r n o e d n 0 9. h s r moe o tma e o r e HR)
die t ron M a c 1 201 La ona a r m aned i t tposton t i Aprlof201 whe t
r co
r h 0, 3. M
c e i n ha
ii mtl i
4, n he
e nt gi ng r s t t s a ton oc ur ed.
ve s vi i e o hi c i
c r
I Aprl of 201 La onac s r ggl d e o i l afe be ng e
n
i
4, M
a t u e m tonaly t r i xpos d t he g e d
e o i ht ne
lv l o sr s a h mea da wo k. He h s n h dl s lsj bwh l r c peaigfo o e
e es f te s t o n t r
r u ba d a o t l o ie e u rtn r m p n
i
he t szge y. Addii ly, La o c s r l to hi wih Ba'y Rus e l Tr a s c ef
ar lr r
tonal
M na a' e ai ns p t
l
r
s l, e d' hi
.
;
our e e i
t e he
s
exe utve ofie ,ha gr
c i
fc r d own i r asngl sr i
nc e i y taned. One s c oft nson bewe n t m wa a
lws tTr adhadfl di sa ec ta i tt f m e m e r ofisexe tvel a r hi tam .
a ui e
ie n t t our gans wo or r mbe s t cu i e de s p e
On t a tr
he fe noon ofFrda Aprl11,201 La ona m e wih Rus elt dic sis
i y, i
4, M
ca t t
s l o s us s ues
r l t t t lws t The pa te diput wha ta pie d i t m e tng. W hie Tr ad
e aed o he a ui.
ri s s e
t r ns r d urng he e i
l e
mai ai t t La onac r sgned durng t m e tng, La onâc c e t t s m e e y
nt ns ha M
a ei
i he e i
M
a ont nds ha he r l
i o m e Rus e lha s wa c i rngr sgni al t thes
nf r d s l t t he s onsde i e i ng, ld ha
ugge t d t ts t s etme
se ha he ake om i
t t nk a
o hi boutt de ii
he c son. Atti l La ona t tfe t tRus elt d he t thebei ve t t
ra, M
ca esii d ha
s l ol r ha
le d ha
arc n riep o e sf rc mp nye l y e h d (u tn il rie ( e)sr s lv l't a he
e e t as r c s o o a mp o e s a ç bsa tal as d h r te s e e, h t
s
y
'
l in'wa t( eqt r sg , a dt ts ewo l E e qt s b tgeqr sg ai' i wrtn 'i
i d t n h r o e in' n ha h ud s dg o u mi h r e i n to n i g'f
d
'
ne
n
i
s uli a e y de de t do s Tr a Tr V ol Ia 139he tm t l ci d o
o. i l . . t
40.
La o c r t ne t he ofi e al rt m e tng. Appr ma ey t nt mi e lt r
M na a eur d o r fc fe he e i
oxi t l we y nut s a e ,
Rus e lr c m e
s l e om nded t t s l a t ofi e e l be us he was co e ne a ut he G
ha he e ve he f c ary, ca e
nc r d bo
rl
odd
be vi r'and he sa e ofmi
ha o '
r tt
nd. Tra Tr Vol 1 a 93i l . . 1 t 95. La o c wa vi i y ups twhe
M na a s sbl
e
n
s pas e Ki be l Bu l r t HR a ssa , t wa outoft buidi
he s d m ry te , he
s it nton he y
he l ng. Abouta ho lt r
n ur a e ,
Bu lr c l d La ona
te ale
M
ca. La onac t tfed t t s t d Bute t t s wa co i i
M
a esii ha he ol
l r ha he s nsderng
r sgni Tra Tr Vol Ia 1
e i ng. i l . . t 46.
La e t tni t Rus els ntLa ona t t s mes ag as ngi s plnnedt s i
t r ha gh , s l e
M
ca wo e t s es ki f he a
o ubm t
awrte r sgna i
itn e i ton. La onac di notr s ndt t m e s ge t tni .
M
a d
e po o he s a s ha ght
On Sa ur y,Apr l1 201 La ona s he e a a
t da
i 2, 4, M
ca c dul d n ppoi m e t f l w i M onda
nt nt he olo ng
y
wih he phys c a Dr N i Sw e ney. A f e s he i t a nt e ,La onac s ntBute
t r
i i n, . na
e
t r c dulng he ppoi m nt M
a e
lr
a e ai i c tng t ts w a C uf e i f om ps hol i aldit e sdue t pr onge e
n m l ndi a i ha he s s f rng r
s
yc og c s r s
o ol d xpos e
m
t hi lves o sr s' a t ts ha s he e t s e he physc a on M o y a tr
o gh e l f tes y' nd ha he d c dul d o e r
ii n
nda fe noon.
2
P1' Tra Ex.8. La o c a ke Bute t s nd he t co ny' FM LA f r st tkewih
.s il
M na a s d lr o e
r he mpa s
om o a
t
he t t a nt e .
r o he ppoi m nt
On Sunda Aprl 1 201 a 1 47 p. . Rus els ntLa onac a t rs re o t xt
y, i 3, 4 t 2:
m , sl e
M
a no he e i s f e
me s ge whi h pr vi d a f l
s a s c o de s olows:
Valre- yotrf l e t r s nd t my ls t quesi i c t st tyou ha
ai
l aiur o e po o
a t wo
tons ndi a e ha
ve
de i d t dic i
c de o s ontnue your e pl e a Tr a i e a ey, I t s i
m oym nt t e d mm dit l
f hi s
i onec ,pla e r pond i me ael Ot wi e lwilas ume t r s g ton
nc
t e s es
m di t y. her s , l s
he e i nai
you ver ly t nde e on Frda i e f c i i medit l a 1wila r
bal e r d
i y s fe tve m
a ey nd
l range o
n
M o ayt dic i yo payand be ft .
nd o s ontnue ur
ne is
P1' Tra Ex.
.s i l 7.
La ona r s
M
ca e ponde a hol lt ra f l ws
d n tr a e s olo :
Ba y, do n0tt nkt tt si a a opra em e um t ha t sc
n' 1
hi ha hi s n ppr i t di o ve hi onve s ton. 1
rai
waspr pa i t dic swih you o M onda Ho ve ,snceyo dema my
e rng o s us t
n
y. we r i
u
nd
i e aer s
mm dit e pons , Idonot a t t nde my r sgna i
e no
pln o e r
e i ton. Iwils ndal r
l e
onge
e ana i i e a l
xpl ton n m i.
I
d
At 2: p. .t t a tr
01 m ha fe noon,La ona s n Rus ela e alr ie a i t t s had
M
ca e t
s l n m i et r tng ha he
de i d nott r i n fom Tr d. I t s m e e al La bna advie Rus elt ts wa
c de
o esg '
r
ea n he n
m i, M
c:
sd
s l ha he s
r que tng a m e c l l ve of a e ,a t t s ha s he e a a nt nt wih her
e si
di a ea
bs nce nd ha he d c duld n ppoi me
t
phys c a
i i n:
. . . As y
ou r c z d,e n bef e me,1n s f rng fom t ad r eefe t of
e ogni e ve
or
m ufe i r he ve s f cs
pr onge e
ol d xpos e t sr s . On Fr da you s a ed t tpe hapst ve y dit c t
ur o t e s
i y,
t t ha r
he r fi ul
r ie pr s ha s tntaly i r as d m y sr s lvel A ltl bi ofdit nc
a s oce s s ubsa i l nc e e
te s e .
ite t
sa e
fo t st ton has gi n m e mor pe s c i a I r ogni t t 1 ha
r m he iua i
ve
e rpe tve nd ec ze ha
ve
be om ei r sngl e oto ly dites e a wor Bot you a my co o ke s
c
nc ea i y m i nal sr s d t k.
h
nd
w r r
ha obs r e t s on m uli e r c nt oc s ons de ons r t d by m y i biiy t
ve e v d hi
tpl e e
ca i
m ta e
na lt o
m a nt i m y c pos e durng s r s 'ls m atons c yi a w or a i lt t
i an
om ur
i tes f i i , r ng t k, nd nabiiy o
u
a tc a e m ys fc e r y. 1be i ve t tt s i t r ul ofpr onge e
ri ul t
el l a l
le ha hi s he es t
ol
d xpos e t
ur o
hih lvel ofsr s a Ia s e ngm e c lte t ntf rt sc ton. Iha
g e s te s nd m e ki
di a r a me o hi ondii
ve
a a nt e wih m y physcin on M onday,Aprl 1 201 a l Iwilltyou
n ppoi m nt t
ia
i 4, 4 rd
l e
kno t ou c e oft a nt e o Tue da
w he t om
he ppoi m nt n
s y.
l t me ni , a rq e tn t a Ki E tejsn met a p o raeFM LA
n he a t 1 m e u sig h t m Bu lr e d he p r p it
me
a Sho tTer Dia lt pape wor i tmef rm et t ket my a nt e o
nd r
m s biiy
r k n i o
oa o
ppoi m nt n
M o a a tr n.
nd y fe noo
Def' TralEx.1 I a r pl e i s ntt nt m i e lt r Rus eldiece La ona a t
.s i
5. n e y ma l e we y nut s a e , s l r t d M
c o
itya yfo t ofiea of ofTr dprpe t t if rhe noie. L
t a wa r m he fc nd f ea o ry mtl u t r tc ' i
s
'
At3: p. .on M onda Aprl 1 201 LaM ona a wase mi d by Dr Swe ne a
30 m
y, i 4, 4,
c
xa ne
. e y,
boa d ce tle f m iy pr c ii r Dr Swe ne di nos d La ona a s f rng fom a
r ri d a l a ttone . .
e y ag e
M
ca s ufe i r
n
a j sme td s r e wih a xiu fau e . Tra Tr Vo.1a 1 2 S e a v sd La o c t
du t n io d r t n o s e tr s il . l t 0 . h d ie M na a o
t ke a30- y m e c l veofa e eml s he ed af l up e l ton f M a 1 201
a
da
dial ea
bs nc d c dul
olow- vaua i or y 2, 4.
La o c c e t ts wast nni t dby e all trt tda At5: p. .Rus e l
M na a ont nds ha he
e na e
m i ae ha y.
35 m , s l
s ntLa o c a e alad snghe t the e oyme ha e
e
M na a n m i vii
r ha r mpl
nt d ndedt pr vi Frda a t t
he e ous i y, nd ha
heha i tuce Bute t s ndhe i or tonr ga d nghe a r d la a COBRA be ft .
d nsr t d l r o e
r nf ma i e r i
r cc ue e ve nd
ne is
P1' Tra Ex.1 A f w hozslt r Bute c le La ona . La ona t d Bute t tDr
.s i l
2.
e
lr a e , l r al d M
ca
M
ca ol
l r ha .
il . . t 64- Tral . l 1 t
Swe ne ha pr s rbed a30- y l veofa e . Tra Tr Vol Ia 1 65; i Tr Vo . 1a
e y d e ci
da ea
bs nce
1 64.
63-
La ona t sii d t ts ha ho d t tRus el woul r c i r hi t r nai n
M
ca e tte ha he d pe ha
sl
d e onsde s e mi to
de ii n a r i t t he . Tra Tr Vol Ia 165 66. On Aprl22, 4, M o c s ntRus el
c so nd ensa e r
il . . t i 201 La na a e
s l
ac oft wo k e us t ts hadr c ve fom Dr Swe neya as d t ther onsde t
opy he r xc e ha he
e ei d r
. e
nd ke ha
ec i r he
de ii n t t m i e he e oy e . Pl' Tra Ex. 1 l r pons , Rus e l a s d
c so o er nat r mpl m nt
.s i l
3. n es e
s l dvie
La ona t the e pl ym e e d o A prl 11,201 a t tt r w as no ne d f he t
M
ca ha r m o nt nde n
i
4, nd ha he e
e or r o
com pl e any FM LA papem or
et
k.
ProceduralH itorv
s
La ona f l d t i t ntac i n a ns Tr a on M a 15, 4,a l gi vi a i nsoft
M
ca ie he ns a
to gai t e d
y 201 le ng ol t o
he
FM LA . Spe fc ly,LaM o c c a m ed t tTr ad i e f r d w ih he r ght t de t FM LA ,
ci a l
na a l i
ha e nt r e e
t r i s m r he
4
a t tTr ad t nni t he i r t la i f exe c sng,ora tmptng t exe c s ,he FM LA
nd ha e e naed r n e a iton or r i i
te i o r i e r
rght .
i s
y 7,
f ca ed
Th c u t e idTra smoinf rs mmayj d me t On Jul 6- 2015,abiur t
e o r d n e e d' to o u r u g n .
j r tilwa c n u td o La n c ' damso itree c a d rtlain. Atteco eo
u y ra s o d ce n Mo a a s li f n efrn e n eaito
h ls f
La n c ' e i e c a d a an beo e t c s wa s b te t t j r ,Tr a mo e f r
Mo a as v d n e n g i f r he a e s u mitd o he u y e d v d o
j d me t samalro lw. Th c u t e idTr a smoins a dtej r rt me av r itn
ug na
te f a
e o r d ne e d' to , n h u y e u d ed c i
fv ro La o a a o b t cams Afe tej r rtln d isv r it La o a a a d Tra
a o f M n c n oh li . tr h u y et e t edc, M n c n e d
r
a ee t f egot dn a pha eoft ti l I t ad,hepa tessi atd t aba kpa a r
gr d o or he m ges s
he ra . nse t
ri tpul e o
c y wa d
o $ 44 88 ,icu igp ej g n itrs,a d s b te t is so lq d td d ma e ,
f 5 ,6 .9 n l dn r -ud me t n ee t n u mitd he sue f iuiae n g s
a t ne f es a c t t t c t orde son. SeeDocke No.8
tor ys' e , nd oss o he our f
cii
t
6.
Thec s i n w beo et c u t n Tra ' moin fr u g n a amatro lw o ,n
a e s o f r he o r o e d s to o j d me t s te f a r i
t at r tve f a ne til La onac s m oto f lqui t d da ag ;a La ona s
he le na i , or
w ra ; M
a'
i n or i da e m es nd M
ca'
m o i f at ne 'f a c t. The c thel a he rng on t m o i on Dec mbe 7,
ton or tor ys ees nd oss
our d
ai
he tons
e r
201 The m o i nsha be n f ly bre e a a e r pe f r vi w .
5.
to
ve e u l i f d nd r i or e e
D i si
scus on
1
.
Tre sM o i f Judcm e as a M at e o L a
ad'
t on or
nt
tr f w
Tr a ha mo e f r u g n a amal ro lw o b t o La o a a sF LA cams
e d s v d o j d me t s te f a n oh f M n c ' M
li .
Rul 5 ( )o t e Fe ea Rue o Cii Pr c dze p nn t a pa t t r n w is mo in f r
e 0 b f h d rl ls f v l o e l e is
r
ry o e e t to o
j d me t samatro 1w f lo n t j r ' v r it Th c u t yga ts hmoino yi
ug na
te f a ol wi g he u y s ed c. e o r ma r n uc to nl f
i fn sta $ ra o a ej r wo l n t v h dalg lys fiin e i e tayb sst fn f r
t id h tG e s n bl u y ud o ha e a e al u fce t v d nir a i o id o
a
t g n- vn )pa t o g p riu ajis e' Fe . Ci P. 0 a( ) Th c u t tve
he no mo ig ry n a a t lr su . d R. v. 5 ()1 . e o r mus iw
c
'
t e de e a dr w alr as bl i e e s i t lghtm os f vo a e t t non- o ng
he vi nc nd a 1 e ona e nf r nce n he i
t a r bl o he
m vi
pat La kv. a- a t t r s I c, 40F.d2 5 2 9( t Ci. 0 ) l c n ts bsi t is
ry. c W lM r S o e s n .2 3 5 , 5 4h r 2 01. t a no u t u e t
t
5
j d me tf rt to t ej r b rweg n t e i e c o ma n c e iiiy d tr n to s
u g n o ha f h u y y e ihig he v d n e r kig r db l ee miain .
t
P iev Ciyo Ch ro t, 3F.d 1 41 1 5 ( t Ci.1 9 ) Th c u t h ud'a c r umo t
rc . t f alte 9 3 2 , 2 0 4h r 9 6 . e o r s o l ç c od t s
ç
rs c t j r v r it a te d gng ry i rv e n te ' I . Th s wh n aj r ha
epe t o u y ed cs nd r a i e l n e iwig h m. d
'
u , e uy s
de i r t d a r m r ave diti f roft non- o nt
lbe a e nd e ned
r c n avo
he
m va ,
a c tm a s ta i t ve di tonl i t r e s ss h a complt a e e o
our y e sde he r c y f he e xit uc
e e bs nc f
e i e c s p ri t ev r itta t ej r ssn i sc u d o yha ebe n te
v d n e u po t h edc h t h u y' dng o l nl v e h
ng
rs tofs e s miea co j cur ort e de ei fvoroft movan i s
e ul he r ur s nd n e t e, he vi nc n a
he
ts o
ove he m i t tr a ona e a f i m i d pe s nsco d no a rveata ve d c
m l ng ha e s bl nd a r nde r o
ul t r i
r it
a i ti.
gans t
Ca h v Cny. fEre 6 4 F.d 3 4,3 3 ( d Ci. 01 )(nen lctto a q tto maks
s . t o i, 5 3 2 3 2 r 2 1 itr a iain nd uoain r
o te )
mitd .
A.
I e e e Cl m
nt rf r nce ai
The FM LA c nf r s ve a rg son ei bl e oye ,i l i t rg t t keup t
o e s e r l i ht
lgi e mpl es ncud ng he i ht o a
o
t l we ofla Cl e us ofas roushe t co to t tma st e o euna et
weve eks e ve çbqca e
ei
alh ndiin ha ke he mplye bl o
p ro m t f n to s'o h rpo iin. 2 U. C.j2 2 a( )D) Th FMLA as ma si
ef r he u cin ' f e sto 9 S.
61 ()1( . e
lo ke t
t a 'lf rany e oye t i e f r wih,r sr n,orde t e r i e ofort a tm p t
% wf o
unl u
mpl r o nt re e t e tai
ny he xe c s
he te t o
e e cs ' a e l y es F LA rg t. 29 U. C.j 26 5 a() To p e i o a cam o
x r ie' n mp o e ' M
ih s
S.
1 () 1.
rval n li f
u lwf litree c , n e o e mu tp o e( )ta s wa e tte t a F LA be ei; 2
na u ne frn e a mply e s r v 1 h t he s n ild o n M
n ft ( )
ta h re l y ritree wiht ep o iino t tb n ft a ()t theitree c c usd
h t e mp o e n efr d t h r v so f ha e ei; nd 3 ha t ne frn e a e
h r Ad msv Ar Ar nd l t . b. c , 98F.d4 2 4 7(t Ci. 5 .
am. n . me u e Cn y Pu S h.7 3 2 , 2 4h r 201 )
I mo n f rud me ta amatro lw o La o a a scam t a Tr a itree wi
n vig o j g n s te f a n M n c ' li h t e d n efrd t
h
he rghtt FM LA l a Tr a c e t t La ona f ie t e t bls t frt ee e .
r i o
e ve, e d ontnds ha M
ca al d o sa ih he is lm nt
S cfc ly Tra a g st tn r a o a l u yc ul ha ef u dt a La o c wa e tte t
pe iial, e d r ue ha o e s n bej r o d v o n h t M na a s n ild o
F LA la e b c u e( )s er sg e beo er q e t la e ()s d dno p o d s fiin
M
e v , e a s 1 h e in d f r e u si e v ; 2 he i t r vie u fce t
ng
n tc o he n e f rFMLA la e a d ( )s e dd no ha e a sro sh at c n i o t a
oie f r e d o
e v ; n 3 h i t v ei u e l o dt n h t
h
i
6
p e e td h rfo p ro mig t e e sn ilfmcin o h rj b. Thec u twi a d e se c
rv n e e r m e f r n h se ta t to s f e o
o r l d rs ah
l
a gum e i t m.
r
nt n ul
Tr adfrtar st tt r or de
e is gue ha he ec d monsr t st tLaM onac r i d d i t m e tng
ta e ha
a esgne urng he e i
wih Rus el on Aprl 11 201 a ,t ,t t s wa no l r e oye a t tm e s
t
sl
i , 4 nd hus ha he s
onge mpl d t he i
he
rq e tdF LA la . Th jlyutmaeyrj ce ti a g me t n f u t t M o c dd
e u se M
e ve e t li t l ee td h s r u n a d o nd ha La na a i
r
notr s g durng t Aprl11 201 m e tng. Fort r s nssa e dtrng t he rng,he c t
e i n i he i , 4 e i
he ea o t t d li he a i t our
rman c n i c dt th r wa as f in e ie ta yb ssfrt e t y' ln igi ti rg r
e is o v n e ha te e s u fce t vd n ir a i o h jt s i dn n h s e ad.
r
Ba e o t e de e pr s nt d,i l ng t s e nttxt me s ges s tby Rus ela
s d n he vi nc e e e ncudi he ubs que e
sa
en
s l nd
La o a a t ej r wa fe t ce i La o a astsi n r g r igwh trns rddligt e
M n c ,h u y s r e o rdt M n c ' etmo y e a dn a ta pie t n h
r
me tng. W hie t co tmay ha gi n m o e weghtt Rus elst si o i had be n t
ei
l he ur
ve ve
r
i o
s l' e tm ny f
e he
fn e o f c,h c u t a no s yt a t ee d n ewa s o r l n t tn ra o a l j r
i d r f a t te o r c n t a h t h vie c s o ve whemig ha o e s n b e u y
c d ha f
oul ve ound ag ns Tr adon t i s ofwhe he LaM onac vol a iy r i dbe or s
ai t e
he s ue
t r
a unt rl esgne f e he
r que t FM LA l ve. Se Cas 654 F. a 333.
e sed
ea
e h,
3d t
Tr ad ne a g st tLa o c sr que tf r FM LA l a w a i ufi i n . W he t
e
xt r ue ha M na a' e s o
e ve s ns t c e t
n he
ne d f FM LA lavei unf r ee bl ,t n e oye mus pr denotcet t e oye a s
e or
e
s o es a e d mpl e
a
t ovi
i o he mpl r s oon
a p a tc b eu d rt f c al cru tn e o t epa t ua c s . 29 C. R. 8 53 3 $.
s r cia l n e he a t r ic msa c s f h ri lr a e'
d
c
'
F. j 2 .0 4
t he a e oye s e l a f t frttm e f r aFM t - lf ng r as n,t e oye
s n n mpl e e ks e ve or he s i o
W
A qua iyi e o he mpl e
n e n te p e sy a sr rg t u e t e F LA o e e me to t F LA. 2 C. R.j
e d o x r sl se t ih s nd r h M
r v n nin he M ' 9 F.
'
8 53 3 1 I se d t e o e mu t rl p o ieçufiin if r to f ra e o e
2 .0 49. n ta ,he mply e s meey r vd s fce t n o main o n mply r
s
t ra ona ydeemi whehe t FM LA ma a yt t l verques ' J. Asohe c t
o e s bl tr ne t r he
y ppl o he ea e t' .s
4
t r ours
ha pr vi l obs r ed,thi i notaf m aitcorsdnge sa d,' nd e oye ne d not
ve e ousy e v ( s s
t
or lsi
t
nt t ndar 'a mpl es e
ç ovi eve y de a lne es a y f t e oye t verf i t FM LA a i . Li ht nsen v.
s de r t i c s r or he mpl r o iy f he
pr
pples' c e t i
'
Un v o Pi s mxhM e . r, 1F.d2 4 3 3( dCi. 01 )( ingc s s .
i. f t b
t
d Ct.69 3 9 , 0 3 r 2 2 ct a e )
i
Onc t e oye i o mst e o rt ts ne dsl a f am e c lr as Che
e he mpl e nf r he mpl ye ha he e e ve or
di a e on, i
t
bur n t n s fst t e pl ye t ga he addii nali or ton a dee mi i t FM LA i
de he hit o he m o r o t r
to nf ma i nd tr ne f he
s
ac l i iae ' Krnzkev.Alxa raM oorCas I ,289 F.App' 6 632 ( h Ci.
maly mplc td. e
'
e nd i t r. nc.
x 29, 4t r
2 08 . Cf t e e ly r fn s t e e ly es r q s f r la e va u o is fiin ,te
0 ) i h mpo e i d h mpo e ' e ue t o e v g e r n u fce t h
l
e pl r s d a k t e o
m oye houl s he mpl yee t pr vi t ne s a y deais t r h a tona
o o de he ce s r
t l h oug ddii l
d c me tto a if r to . I ;s e as 2 C. R.j 8 53 3 1 Co e ue ty,dh
o u nain nd n o mai n' d. e lo 9 F.
'
2 .0 49. ns q nl s e
t
çrtc t s 'i notwhehe t e oye ga e r ne s a y de alt de e mi i t FM LA
c iial e t s
t r he mpl e ve ve y ce s r t i o t r ne f he
a is but ç
pple ,
how t i or ton c
he nf ma i
onve
yed t t e pl r i r as
o he m oye s e onabl i e pr t d.'
y nt r e e ''
Lih e sen 6 F.d a 3 3 ( u tngSan ws iv. rBr o Li usne I . 51 F.d 3 8
c tn ti, 91 3 t 0 q oi r o k Ai o ke mo i s nc, 0 3 9 ,
4 2( d Ci. 0 7) Ther s lto o t sis i aq e t n o f c f rt ej r I .s eas
0 3 r 2 0 ).
e o uin f hi sue s u si f a t o h u y. d; e lo
o
Rv d r v. i ims 6 0F.d 1 8 ,1 9 ( t Ci. 01 )(Ot c s sisr c t t h a e u c
n es W l n , 5 3 1 8 1 6 8h r 2 1 : l a e n tu t ha t e d q a y
l
( r
ofa e pl e' notc r uie c i r ton oft t t lt oft cic l s a esa i t c ly
n m oye s i e eq r s ons de a i
he o a iy he r lm t nc nd s ypi a l
aj r q sin.)(i to o te )
u y ueto ' ct in mitd .
' a
I ti c s ,h j r f t t a La o a ap o ie a e u t noieo h rne df rFMLA
n h s a e t e u y omd h t M n c r vd d d q ae tc f e e o
l ve. Ba e on t e de epr s nt d,hec ti c nce t tt r wasal aly s fcint
ea
s d he vi nc e e e t our s onvi d ha he e
eg l ufi e
e i e tayb ssf rt j r sfn i gi t srg r . I as c e so o e i c mmu iai n
v d nir a i o he u y' id n n hi e a d n u c s in f mal o n c to s
be nni on Aprl1 201 La onac no ii d Rus e la Bute t ts wa s f rng fom
gi ng
i 2, 4, M
a tfe
s l nd lr ha he s ufe i r
t adve s e f t ofpr onge e
he
r e fecs
ol d xpos r t sr s a t ts may ne d t tkeam e c l a
u e o tes , nd ha he
e oa
dial e ve
ofa e e. Shefzt ra s d t m t ts ha m a a a nt e wih he physc a a
bs nc
t he dvie he ha he d de n ppoi m nt t r
r
ii n, nd
r quesedt tt co ny pr dehe wih t a o it FM LA pa r k. I s ppo to he
e t ha he mpa
ovi
r t he ppr pra e
pe wor n u r f r
r ques,LaM onac pr vi d s c tc e m pl s ofhe e o i
e
t
a o de pe ii xa e
r m tonali t biiy a w or
ns a lt t k.
D e pie Tr a s a gum e s t t co r r t m e e f c t t La o c ha not ye
s t e d' r
nt o he nt a y, he r a t ha
M na a d
t
r ce ve m e c ltea m e a t tm es r que t l ve i notf t lt La ona ' c a m s nori
e i d di a r t nt t he i he e s ed ea s
aa o M
ca s l i ,
s
8
t f c t tt e a l pr ded no i c ton o how l t r quese a e e woul be. As
he a t ha he m is ovi
ndia i f
ong he e t d bs no
d
wa p e o syn tdi d n n Tr a ss mmayj d me tmo in c ulsh v ma ece rt t
s rviu l o e n e yig e d' u r u g n to , o ' a e d la ha
t
Sthee i no r q rme ti t sa et a a e o e be da n s d wi a sro h at
t q r s e uie n n he tmt h t n mply e ig o e t eius e l
l
h
h
c ton be or be
ondii
f e comi elgi e f r FM LA la ,'St kl fv.St J m' M e c He t Sys,
ng i bl o
e ve' e of
. ol s r y alh
.
21 F.d 8 8 8 3 (t Ci. 0 ) a d t tç mp o e sma pr vd F tA- u l yng n tc
8 3 5 , 6 8h r 20 0 , n ha E ly e y o ie M a q ai i oie
e
f
be or kn ng t e tda e ordur ton oft l ve t y wilt .' Sa ows ,51 F. at
f e owi he xac t s
ai
he ea he l ake' nz ki 0 3d
4 2; e as Cln s aev. tTh r s o Ne Ho e 7 F.d 8 5 8 9( t Ci. 01 )( lig
0 s e lo i k c l S . ee e f w p , 01 3 2 , 2 8h r 2 2 hodn
t tt pl i ifs i e f r nce cam unde t FM LA di notf i a a ma tr of 1w m e el
ha he antf nt r e e
li
r he
d
al s
te
a
r y
be a et pl niftha ne rbeor s fr apa catc t ghee oye 'jknowldgea
c us he aitf d d ve f e ufeed ni ta k o t mpl rs
e nd
ha n t rv o l be nd a n s dwihal n eyds r e'
d o p e iusy e ig o e t la xit io d r).
Li wie,t f c t tTr d di notr ceve t doc o ' not e usng La ona a f o
ke s he a t ha ea d
e i he t rs e xc i
M
c rm
wo ku tl rl 2 20 4i n t ip st . A r a o a l u yc udh v f t t a La o a as
r n iAp i2 , 1 s o ds o ive
i
e s n bej r o l a e omd h t M n c '
e l t Rus el a Bute pr de s fc e ti or tont r uieTr adt i r f rhe i t
mais o s l nd lr ovi d ufi i n nf ma i o eq r e o nquie u t r n o
t bassf La onac sl ver que t a t tRus e li e ael t r i t d he e pl
he i or M
a' ea e s, nd ha
s l mm di t y e m na e r m oyment
be o e s ha ar a qua eopporu t t pr de a to doc ntton fo Dr Swe ne
f r he d l de t
tniy o ovi ddii nal ume a i ' m . e y.
r
l i we ls tld t ta e oye c nnota d isFM LA o i tonsby pr mptve y frng a
t s l- e te ha n mpl r a
voi t
blga i
ee i l ii n
e o a trr cevi no i ofhe i e t s k l ve unde t Ac . Se Clnks al,701
mpl yee fe e i ng tce
r nt nt o ee ea
r he t
e i c e
F.da 8 8( g ne lye d e n ta o dl bit b ds h r i a e o e wh tk sla
3 t 2 çAq mp o r o s o v i i l y y ic agng n mply e o a e e ve
$
a i
i or r t s k te t e f a c to t ti lt rhe d t be c r by t FM LA. The
n de o ee r am nt or ondii n ha s a e l o
ove ed
he
e o who pr cpio l fr sa e o e, n t lte cli st be t ofl a unde
mpl yer
e i t usy ie n mpl ye whe he a tr am he neks e ve
r
t FM LA,bea st rs t tt he t co ii n i que to lt rde l i t a s roushe lh
he
r he ik ha he alh nd to n s in a e veops n o e i
at
c ton.)(iai omit ) s eas Philpsv.M ahe ,547F. 905,91 ( h Ci.2008
ondii ' ctton ted ; e lo li
'
t ws
3d
0 8t r
)
( i t ti wa Cmmaei 't tt pli ifwa tr naedbeor s s te he FM LA
notng ha t s ç tral'ha he antf s emi t f e he ubmitd r
i
9
pa r r a e pha i ng t tt e o rc d C es pe la lt by sm pl t r na i
pe wo k nd m szi ha he mpl ye oul G
not ca i biiy
i y e mi tng
he b fr s ec u dif r t m o t er s lso h ra p it n ) I ta , u hc n u ts y
r e o e h o l n o m he f h eut f e p on me f'. nse d s c o d c ç
ma
c tt e i e f r nc w ih a e pl e' FM LA r g s a w e l as r t la i n a ns t
ons iut nt r e e e t n m oye s
i ht s l
e a i t o gai t he
e o ' Er nv. ton del .Co.58 F. 500,509( Ci. )
mplyee. dma Nai wi ns , 2 3d
'
3d r 2009 .
I a ton t a g ngt tLa o c r i ne be or r quesi la a t the r ue t
n ddii o r ui ha M na a esg d f e e tng e ve nd ha r eq s
f r la wa i ufi i n ,Tr a c e t t La onac wasnd elgi e f r FM LA la
o e ve s ns fc e t e d ontnds ha M
a
t i bl o
e ve
be a es di no s f rfom a(s ro he lh c to ' ha r nde edhe G bl t pe f m
c us he d t ufe r
te ius at ondii n't t e r
rs
una e o ror
t efmcinso (ejp sto ' 2 U. C. 261 ()1 ( . Th FM L Sd fnto o ç eiu
h t to f h r o iin. 9 S. j 2 a ( )D) e
'
A' ei iin fd ro s
s
he lh co ton' i udesa ç t lc ton t ti ve ...c i ng te t ntby ahe lh
at ndii ' ncl
é a ondii ha nvol s
men
ontnui r a me
at
c r p o ie . 29U. C.j261 ( 1 ( . Th tr i d s rbe i f rhe d ti i t eF LA
ae r vd r'
'
S.
11 )B) e em s e ci d n u t r eal n h M
r gultons whi h pr de t tG s roushe lh c ton i l ng c i ng te t e by a
e a i , c ovi ha t e i
a
at ondii nvo vi ontnui r am nt
he lh c r pr der'i ude ,a
at ae ovi ' ncl s mong ohe t ngs çl)pei ofi a ct ofmo et n t e
t r hi ,ta rod nc pa iy
r ha hr e
c e utve f l ca e rda ...t tal o i ve ... r a m e t o o m or tm e by a he lh
ons c i ' l l nda ys
u
ha s nvol s t e t nt w r
ei s
at
c r prvi r' 29 C. R.j825. 1 Thetr Li a ct 'i dei t i l t çna lt
ae o de .
'
F.
1 5.
em tnc pa iy' s fned o ncude he s biiy
i
t wor ...duet t s roushe lh c ton.' 29 C. R.j8 11 Cl tnn Er t nt
o k
o he ei
at ondii '
F.
25. 3. s- e teame '
-he
icu e ( u i n tl tdt)e a n to st d tr n i asro sh at c n iine ssa d
n l d s b t s o i e o x miain o ee mie f ei u e lh o dto xit n
mi
e l to oft c ton. I
va ua i ns he ondii ' d.
'
He e Tr a doesnotdiput t tLa ona wa di g edwih am e a he t co ii
r, ed
s e ha M
ca s a nos
t
nt l alh ndton
by Dr Swe ne ort tLaM o c wa e m i a l s t cei t c s ofe uai a o
. e y, ha
na a s xa ned t ea t wi n he our e val tng nd/ r
te tngt c ton. I tad,Tradc e ,asi di on sl r j
rai he ondii
nse
e ontnds t d tmma y udgme ,t tLaM o c
nt ha
na a
f ie t es a i h t ts was l a e t w or f m o e t t e c e i da a a r s tof
a l d o t bls ha he
m bl o
k or r han hr e ons cutve ys s e ul
t c to Bas d o D r Sw e ne s t tm ony,how e r t c tc l st tt r w a a
he ondii n.
e n . e y' es i
ve , he our onc ude ha he e s
lg l s fce te le tayb sst s p o th j r sûn i o t i is e Dr S e e te td
e al uf in vd n ir a i o u p rt e u y' dng n hs su . . we n y rae
y
10
La o c f r mor t n s ve yea s be or e m i ng he on Aprl 1 201 The physc a
M na a o
e ha e n r f e xa ni
r
i 4, 4.
ii n
t s i i d t s ha ne rs e La ona i s h a a t t d a ne wouss a e durng a pror
e tfe hat he d ve e n M
ca n uc n gia e nd l
tt
i ny i
ofi evii. Dr Swe ne de c i dLa o c a beng C r dita , t e r tl'a ( haky,
fc st
. e y s rbe M na a s i l y sr ught' s a fz,' nd t
ve
't
s
'
'
a r ca l d t tLa onac C d a har tm e ge tng outwha s w a e t s y be a e s w as
nd e le ha M
aç
ha
di
ti
t he nt d o a c us he
s u e . Tr a Tr V o1 1a 1 1 D r Sw ee y di gnos d La o c a s f rng f o a a ut
o ps t' i l . . t 0 . .
'
ne a
e
M na a s uf e i r m n c e
a xit d s r e a d a vs d h rt tk a3 - a me ia la eo a s n efo h rj b. I . t
n ey io d r n d ie e o a e 0 d y d c l e v f b e c r m e o d a
1
07. W he s cfc l a ke i i wasm or lkey t n nott tLa o c wa una et wor
n pe ii aly s d f t
e i l ha
ha M na a s bl o
k
f rm or t n t e da ,Dr Swe ne t sii d i t a fr tve. 1
o
e ha hr e ys . e y e tfe n he fimai
d.
To t e e Tr ad s e t dic e t Dr Swee y' t si ony by ar ui t t t
he xtnt e e ks o s r di .
ne s e tm
g ng ha he
physcinwasne i or
ia
ver nf med o al oft e s n i lf tonsofLa onac sposto t co ti
f l he s e ta unc i
M
a' ii n,he ur s
unpe s ded. An e oye i de d una e t pe f m t fm c i ofhe poston i s i
r ua
mpl e s eme
bl o ror he t tons
r ii f he s
C na et pef r a yo eo tee s n il u cin o te. . o iin' 2 C. R. 8 .23 $
i bl o ro m n n f h se ta f n to s f h . p sto . 9 F. j 251 4
u
'
(mph ssa d d . çl a i, p ro c n b ic p cttd d s t b ig a l t d s meo he
e a i d e ) s- t s a e s n a e n a a i e epi en b e o o o f r
-h
a
e
r g lrwo k' Brn a v.Game'Sael el f Newo k I c,61 F.d 5 3 5 0 ( t Ci.
e ua r. a h m
'
l t tlt n o. t r s n . 9 3 6 , 7 6h r
t
i
201 . I t sc e,i i ce rfom Dr Swe ney' tsi
0) n hi as t s la r
. e s etmonyt ts kne t ts a ngwih
ha he w ha pe ki t
ot re o e wa a e s ntalf to ofLa o c sposton a HR die t r a t tDr
he mpl ye s s n s e i unci n
M na a'
ii s
r c o , nd ha .
Swe ne wasoft o ni n t tLa ona awasuna et pe f m t se s ntalf ton:
e y
he pi o ha M
c
bl o ror hi s e i unc i
Q.
W a iyourdee mi tona t t Aprl1 t a nt nt...ha
st
tr nai fer he i 4h ppoi me
tt
( M o a a ha n b sn s wo kn
La n c ) d o u i e s r ig?
Sheha ahar tmes a ngi t r
d
d i pe ki n he oom wih me. lknow t ts wa t
t
ha he s he
HR ma ge a Tra 1j tfl lket tsapostonwhe eyo ha t
na r t e d. us et i ha '
ii
r u ve o
t k t pe e a s was ha ng a ha d tm e s a ng c e ry,sa ng
al o opl nd he
vi
r i pe ki l a l t yi
f us d. She w a e r e y a ousa t a f l
oc e
s xtem l nxi
nd e r u .
Q.
Soiwa yourdeemi tont tdurngt s30da perod,s wasuna e
t s
tr nai ha i hi - y i he
bl
t w or
o
k?
Cor e t
rc.
Tra TrVo . . t1 7. Ac o dngy, . we ne ' tsi n p an ys p o t t j y s
il . l1 a 0
c r i l Dr S e y s etmo y lil u p rs he ur '
End ngt tLa ona ha as roushe lh c ton t tpr ve e he fo pe f mi
i ha M
ca d e i
at ondii ha e nt d r r m ror ng
t fmc i ofhe poston a Tr a
he t tons
r ii t e d.
Fial,hec u t oe t theme efc ta La o c a pl df roh rj b dligt
n ly t o r n ts ha t r a t h t M na a p i o te o s t n he
e
r
pe i ofla pr crbe byDr Swe ne di no r nde he i pa eofe t bls ngt ts wa
rod e ve es i d
. e y d t e r r nca bl
sa ihi ha he s
i a iae frpur e of29C. R.j8 11 ort ts wa lma et pef m t fmci
nc pacttd o pos s
F. 25. 5, ha he s G bl o ror he t tons
t
o h rp sto ,a rq ie b 2 U. C.j 2 2 a ()D) S e S e lf,21 F.d a 8 - 2
f e o i n s e u rd y 9 S.
i
61 ()1 ( . e tk of 8 3 t 616
(ç
s
upon c i rton oft decaedpur e oft FM LA a islgiltvehit y,wehol
onsdeai
he lr
pos s he
nd t e sai sor
d
t t d mo srto t na e l y ei u bet wok i h so he c re t o d et asro s
ha a e n tain ha n mp o e s na l o r n i r r u rn j b u o ei u
h at c n iini e o g t s o t a tee lye i ic pa iae , v n i t a j bi t eo y
e l o dto s n u h o h w h t h mp o e s n a cttd e e f h t o s h nl
h
one t tt e oye i una e t pe f m ....Fort s m e r as nst twe bele t tt
ha he mpl e s bl o ror
he a
e o ha
ive ha he
Geiu he lh c ndto iq iy s o l f c o ale ly esc re tj b wi h rc re t
s ro s at o iin' n ur h u d o us n t mpo e ' u r n o t e u rn
h
e pl r we be ive t tt i r i o whehe a e oye i a et pe f t e s ntal
m oye ,
le ha he nquiy nt
t r n mpl e s bl o ronn he s e i
fmcin o he j b s o l f c s o h r a ii t pef r t s f ncins i he c re t
t to s f r o h u d o u n e blt o ro m ho e u to n r u rn
y
e v r n n .) s eas Hu l r S . av sHe lh Cae S ss n .43 F.d 1 8 ,1 9 ( 1h
n io me t'; e lo rbet t M r ' at r y .l c, 9 3 2 6 2 6 1 t
'
Ci.2 0 )(ee tn t e e l y rs cam t tale o e c ul n th v e peinc d a
r 0 6 rj cig h mp o e ' li ha r mply e o d o a e x re e n
i lt t wor wihi t m e ni of t FM LA r ul tons snc he co i
nabiiy o
k t n he a ng
he
eg ai
i e
ntnued t pe f m
o ror
smia d isf a he e oye)
i lr ute or not r mpl r.
I su viwi t e de ei t lg mos f vor bl t La o ca t co tfndst t
n t n, e ng he vi nc n he i ht t a a e o M na , he ur i ha
ara o a l j r c ud h v f u d ta La o c wa si e ly da t etmes r q se
e s n b e u y o l a e o n h t M na a s tl mpo e t h i he e ue td
l
FM LA l a t ts pr de s fc e notc ofhe nee f r l ve t ts s f r d fom a
e ve, ha he ovi d ufi int i e
r d o ea , ha he ufe e r
s rous m e ca c ton t t pr l d he fom pe f mi t es e i fm ci of he
ei
di l ondii ha ecude
r '
r
ror ng he s ntal t tons
r
poston,a t tTr d de e o i e f r wih t e r ie ofhe rgh t t tm e o ffom
ii nd ha ea ni d r nt re ed t he xe cs
r i t o ake i f r
wo k Ac o dn l Tra i no e t ld t j d me ta a matr o lw o La o a a s
r . c r igy, e d s t ni e o u g n s
t
te f a n M n c '
i e f r nc c a m .
nt r e e e l i
B.
R et i i Cl m
alat on ai
La ona a s cl i e t t Tr d t r i t d he i r t i ton f e r i i , or
M
ca l o a m d ha ea e m na e
r n e ala i or xe c sng
atmp igt e rie he rg t u d rteFM LA. S e2 U. C. 26 5a ; e as 29C. R.
te tn o xecs , r ih s n e h
e 9 S. j 1 () s e lo
F. j
8 52 0 (-h FM LA'I p o iiin a ans itree c p o iis a e o e 9o
2 .2 /) çl e
sS r hb to g i t n efr n e r hb t n mply r m
dic i i tng o r t la i a i ta e pl
s rm na i r e a itng gans n m oyee... orha ng e r ie ora tmpt d t e r s
f
vi xe cs d te e o xe cie
F LA rg t.) I o d rt p e al na F LA rtlai ncam, plitf mu t o ( )t t
M
ih s' n r e o rv i o n M
'
eaito li a an if s prve 1 ha
s e e g g d i p o e td a t iy ()t a h re ly rt o a a v re e ly n a to
h n a e n r tce ci t; 2 h t e mpo e o k n d es mp o me t cin
v
a ans h r a d( )t a t ea v ree ly n a to wa c u al c n ce t t ep o e td
g i t e ; n 3 h t h d es mp o me t cin s a s l o ne td o h r tce
y
a tvt . Ya h n ov. ra sN. Ca ioCo.
ciiy s e k Harh' C. sn .LLC, 46F.d5 , 51( t Ci. 0 6 .
4 3 41 5 4h r 2 0 )
Vi wi t r c di t lghtm os f vor bl t La onac ,t co tc l st tt r
e ng he e or n he i
ta a e o M
a he ur onc ude ha he e
wa alg l s fiin b ssf r h j r t fn i fv ro La o a ao t ertlai ncam. A
s e al u fce t a i o t e u y o id n a o f M n c n h eaito li
y
ra o a l j r c ul ha efu t tLa o a ae g g di p o e tda tvt wh ns rq se
e s n b e u y o d v o nd ha M n c n a e n r tce ciiy e he e uetd
FM LA la ; ha Tr ds e ntyt r nae he e o e ; ndt tTr a t t a r e
e ve t t ea ubs que l e mi td r mpl ym nt a ha e d ook he dve s
e o e aci n be a e of La onac s pr t c e a tviy. W hie Tr ad co i
mplym nt to
c us
M
a' o e t d c i t
l e
ntnues t
o
mait nt tLaM o avol a iy r sgne on Aprl11 201 a t , ha s di note ge
n ai ha
nac
untrl e i d
i , 4, nd, hus t t he d
nga
i p oe tda t t o s fe ala v ree o me a to ,h c u'i c n ic dt th j r '
n r tce ci y r uf r l d es mply nt cin te o l s o vn e ha te u ys
vi
t
fndi t t co r r i s
i ng o he nta y s uppore by a l gal s fce e d i y ba i Li wie,f rt
td
e ly ufi int vi entar ss. ke s o he
r as sa e durngt he rng, hee de epr s nt by La ona , n vi we i he f vor
e ons tt d i he a i t vi nc e e ed
M
ca whe e d n r a ,
s p rstej r ' d tr n to ta Tra tnnnae h r c us s ee rie o atmp e t
u po t h u y s eemiain h t e d e i td e be a e h xecsd, r te td o
e r i e he r gh s t de t FM LA . Ac o dn l, e di n te tte t j d me ta amatr
xe c s , r i t m r he
c r igy Tr a s o n ild o u g n s te
ofl w on La onac s r t la i n c ai .
a
M
a' e a i to l m
I.
I
Tre sM o i f rN e Tral
ad'
ton o w i
Tr a hasat r tve ym ove f a ne ti l pu s ntt Rul 59 o t Fede a Rul sof
ed
le na i l
d or w ra, r ua o e
f he
rl e
Ci lPr edur . Unde t s r e,t til c ttmus we g t e de a c nsde t
vi oc e
r hi ul he ra our t t i h he vi nce nd o i r he
c e biiy of t w ine s s t de e m i whe he t ve di tw as a i tt c e r w e g oft
r di lt
he t s e o t r ne
t r he r c
ga ns he l a
i ht he
e de orwa ba e upo e de et twa f s ' Knus ma v. a ylnd, F.d 625,6
vi nce
s s d n vi nc ha s ale.
'
s n M r a 272 3
47
(t Ci.2 01) Gft e tilc u tweg st é ie e a d d tr n sta i i d fce tt
4h r 0 ). s h ra o r ih he vd nc n eemie h t t s eiin o
l
s t i ave dit t t tilc t n s tasdet ve dita gr ntane til' l
usan
r c , hen he ra our ca e i he r c nd a
w ra . d.
'
I m ovi f a ne t i , Tr ad a gue t t t e de
n
ng or
w ral e
r s ha he vi nce pr s nt a ti l cl a l
e e ed t r a e r y
de onsr t t tLa ona ar sgne on Aprl11 201 be or s r ue td m e c ll a a
m taed ha M
c ei d
i , 4, f e he eq se
di a e ve, nd
t ts wa a e t pe f a1oft es e i lf tonso he poston. Fort r a o sa e
ha he s bl o ronn 1 he s nta ' i
unc
f r ii
he e s ns t t d
d i t he i howe r t co ti una et a ee W hiet sc t a havede de t
urng he arng,
ve , he ur s bl o gr .
l hi our m y
ci d he
i s sd fe e l i i hadbe t desg t d fnde off c, hec 'i una et c udet tt
s ue if r nty f t
en he i na e
r a tt out s bl o oncl ha he
t
j r ' fndngwihrs c t et e is ewa a ans t ece rweg to t ee d n eo ba e o
u y s i i t epe t o ih r su s g i t h la ih f h vie c r s d n
e de e t t wa f l e Ac or ngl Tr a s m o i n f a ne ti lwil be de ed. See
vi nc ha
s as .
c di y, e d'
to or
w ra l
ni
Ab se nc v. t o S eb ,7 4 F.d 1 5 ,1 5 ( t Ci.1 4 ( tn t a ç til u g
a iko
Ciy f h ly 4 2 0 5 0 9 4h r 98 ) noig h t ç ra j d e
a
s o l no Ce irt 'hej r s se b g a tn ane tilo g o d o is fce t vie c
h u d t d n gae t u y y tm y rni g w ra n run s f n ufiin e d n e
a d s bsiui g hs o j d me to te f csa d wi e s ce i lt,p riu al wh n t e
n u tttn i wn u g n f h a t n t s rdbi y a t lry e h
n
i
c
s b e tmatro t tili smpl a d e sl c mp e n e b a 1yj rl( u tn Lid v
u j c te f he ra s i e n a iy o rhe d d y a u y q oi g n .
S he lyl d sre .nc, 7 F.d7 , 8 91( dCi.1 6 ).
c ne n u tis I .2 8 2 9 8 - 3 r 9 0)
111.
L aM onaca' M oton f Li dat D am azes
s
i or qui ed
Ha i c n ld dt tTra i n te tte t j g n a amatro lw o ane til
vng o cu e ha e d s o n i d o ud me t s te f a r w ra,
l
t c tm us a e s La o c s m oton f lqui a e da a . Fo t f l w i r s ,
he our
t ddr s M na a'
i or i d t d m ges
r he olo ng ea ons
t c twil gr nt t moton and a r La o c lq da e da a s i t a
he our l a he
i
wa d M na a iui t d m ge n he mount of
$5 468.
4, 89.
Cf FM LA e il s a w r ng e pl yee t a a tonala a d of lqui t d dn a s
t'
-he
ntt e
o ed m o
o n ddii
w r
i da e m ge
e lt t s oft a ounta a ded f dn a a t i e e ton t ta ount' D ot on v.
qua o he um
he m
w r
or m ges nd he nt r s
ha m
.'
s
Pfz r I . 5 8 F.d 2 4 3 2 (t Ci.2 0 ) (i n 29 U. C.j 2 7 a ()A)ii) S c
ies nc, 5 3 8 , 0 4h r 0 9 ct g
i
S.
61 () 1( (i . u h
)
dam ag a e no ly l r d a o a i a l ' 1 Gl how e r t e pl r pr s t t
es r nna l i de ut m tc ly. d. lf
awa
'
ve , he m oye ove o he
stsa to o t c u th ttevilto o gh FM LA)wa i g o fiha dta tee l y r
aifcin f he o r t a h oain f t e
s n o d at n h t h mp o e
had r a ona egr
e s bl oundsf béle ng t tt a torom iso wasno avi a i t co t i is
or ivi ha he c
sin
t olton, he ur, n t
d srto ma c o e no t a r lq i ae d ma e . I (iain a d q o ain mak
icein, y ho s t o wad iu d td n g s' d. ctto n u tto r s
'
o te ) An e l y rE a ap an ml s b tn ilb r e t pes a et ec u tha isf ize
mi d .
t
mp o e t s li d u sa ta u d n o ru d h o r t t t alr
h
l
wa i g o fiha t ti wo l beu f i t i o el u d tdd ma e . 1 (iain a d
s n o d at nd ha t ud n ar o mp s i i ae n g s' d. ctto n
q
'
q oain mak o te ) W hl t e c u th ste ds rto t d n a a r o lq i ae
u tt
o
r s mitd . ie h o r a h icei n o e y n wad f iu d td
da a ,s h dic e i s d bee cs d S it ntywiht sr pr s
m ges uc s r ton houl
xer ie û
consse l t he tong e umpton unde t
i
r he
samei fvo o d u ln . J c s nv Ciyo Ho S rnc , 51F.d 8 5 8 6( t Ci. 01 )
tt n a r f o bi g' a k o . t f t p i s 7 3 5 , 6 8h r 2 4
'
'
(iain a q tto mak o te l e as Ra op v Po r mm Co t. I . 3 9
ctto nd uoain r s mitd ;s e lo nd lh . we co
nsr. nc, 0
F. D. 4 , 6 ( M d 20 5 (mp a iigta G d o bl d ma e aet n r sn l d ma e
R. 3 9 3 5 D. . 1 ) e h szn h tt ju e a g s r he o m, ige a g s
g
t e pto ).
he xce in'
Ba e o t ej r sv r ittec t'i u bet fndt t e da tdi g o f i wh n
s d n h u y' ed c,h outs na l o i ha Tra ce n o d at e
h
i vi ae t FM LA . W hie Tr a a gues t t Rus el ge ney be ived t t La onac
t olt d he
l ed r
ha
s l nui l le
ha M
a
r sg d o Ap i 1 ,2 4 b fr s er q etd FM LA la e t j z rj ce ti ag me t
e ine n rl 1 01 , e o e h e u se
e v , he u y ee td h s r u n
wh n i f u d i fv ro La o a a o h rrtlai n cam. I lg to tej r ' fn i ta
e t o n n a o f M n c n e eaito li n ih f h u y s idng h t
Tr a i e i ly r t it a i the f e r ii he rgh st rt FM LA,a gi n t
e d nt ntonal ealaed gans r or xe csng r i t mde he
nd ve he
sr ng pr s
to
e umpton i f voroflqui t da ges t c ttc udest tlqui t dn a s
i n a
i daed ma , he otr oncl
ha i daed m ge
mu tbea r e i teisa tc s . Se Hiev. r e M f . , 4 F.d 8 ,8 9(t Ci.
s wad d n h n tn a e e t Veme r c Co.4 6 3 58 6 8h r
2 0 ) C h wigg o f i wh naj r h sd tr n ditnina r tl to i aveyh g b rt
0 6 (t o n o d at e u y a eemie n e to l eai in s r ih a o
s
h
a
ce ri i e dic nb .) s eas Az a v. e t b ' Com.3 5F.d3 0 4 (t Ci. 0 )
la,fnd e t a e' ; e lo b n W s Pu lc 1 , 4 3 9 , 08 6h r20 3
'
( di t tt dititco ta edisdicei i de nglqui t da swheet c r
hol ng ha he src ur bus t s rton n nyi i daed mage
r he ou t
rle o t ee lye ' n n eaitr r a o f risc nd t wh c t j yrj ce b fn ig
eid n h mp o rs o rtlao y e s n o t o uc, ih he ur ee td y i dn
itn ina rtlai n . Ac o dngy t c u twi g a tLa o c ' mo in f rlq iae
ne to l eaito )
c r i l , he o r l rn M na a s to o iud td
l
dn a si t n
m ge n he mountof$54, 89.
468.
1 .
V
LaM onac s M oton f A t or vs Fe and Lii i Cos s
a'
i or t ne ' es
taat on
t
I a ton t lq da e dn
n ddii o i ui t d mage ,La o c s e t r cove he a t me f es a
s M na a e ks o e
r r tol ys' e nd
ltga i cos s La onac w asr pr s nt by Pa B e r ,a pa t r a t Roa
ii ton t . M
a
e e e ed
ul e s
rne t he
noke 1 w fr of
a im
Glr Fed r Dab & Go dat tGln Fed n ' a dEmmaKo lwsd, na s caea
em lmam r y
o lte ç e n l mn n), n
s
zo l a so it t
t fr .
he i m
A.
A t orne Fees
t vs'
An a r of r as bl a tr ys f e a c t t a pr va lng pli if i m a t y
wa d
e ona e to ne ' e s nd os s o
e ii
a ntf s ndaor
u d rteFM LA. S e29U. C. 2 7 a( ) W h nasau ea t rz sa a r o a4 r e s
ne h
e
S. j 61 ()3 . e ttt uho ie n wad f ton y '
f es t Unie Stt sCot'ofAppe l f t Foulh Cic tha ado e t l t rm ehod of
e ,he t d a e
ut
a s or he
' r ui s pt d he odesa t
t
d tr nn r ao a e fe . Br d ik v Ru v n 1 5 F.d 1 4 1 6 ( t Ci.1 9 ) Th
eemi ig e s n bl e s o za . n o , 4 3 9 , 9 4h r 9 8 . e
l t r fgur c re a ç tong pr s
odesa i e aris .l r
s
e umpton' t t i ç e es nt a r as bl a t ne s f e.
i ' ha t û pr e s e ona e tor y' e '
r
'
M c e v. c a, 38F.d 8 ,8 ( t Ci. 01 )
Afe Bo z r 7 3 1 8 4h r 2 3 .
The l t r fgur i c c aed by muli yi t num be of hour expe d by a
odesa i e s alult
tpl ng he
r
s
nde
r s na e r t I The Four h Ci c tha i n ii d s ve al a t r t tc t m a c ns de i
ea o bl a e. d.
t r ui s de t fe e r f c o s ha our s y o i r n
dee mi ng t sl sa a
tr ni hi odetr mount Se Babe v.Ki els I . 577 F. 21 2 n. ( h
. e r r
mbrl', nc,
2d 6, 26 28 4t
Ci.1 7 )(d p igt f co si e iidi J l o v. o gaHih yEx rs ,n .48 F.
r 9 8 a o tn he a tr d nt e n oms n Ge r i a wa p e s I c, 8 2d
f
71 71 - 9 (t Ci.1 7 :. Th s fco sicu e ()t e tme a d lb re p n e ( )t
4, 7 1 5h r 9 4
e e a tr n l d : 1 h i n a o x e d d; 2 he
novet anddifc t oft que tonsrie ( t s l rquie t pr rypef m t lga
ly
fiuly he si as d; 3) he kil e r d o ope l ror he e l
s r ie rn e e ;()te atr e s o p ru iy c ssi p e sn t ei sa tl iain;( )t
e vc s e d r d 4 h to n y ' p o tn t o t n r sig h n tn i g to 5 he
t
c tmayf ef rl wo k ( )t ea tr e 'e p cai n a teo te o t el iain ( )t
uso r e o i
ke r ; 6 h to n ys x e tto s t h u st f h i g to ; 7 he
t
tme l tto si s db t ecin o cr u tn e '( )t en u ti c nr v ry a d te
i i ain mpo e y h l t r ic msa c s 8 h mo n n o to e s n h
mi
e
,
rs lso tie ; 9 t e peinc , e u ain, n a iiyo t atr e ( 0 t eu eia iiy
e ut b an d ( ) he x re e rp tto a d b l f he to n y; 1 ) h nd srblt
t
o t ec s wihn telg lc mmu i i wh c t es i ao e ( 1 t n t r a d lngh o t e
f h a e t i h e a o nt n ih h u t r s ; 1 ) he a ue n e t f h
y
p o e so a r lto s i b t e a tr e a d cin 'a d (2 al r y 'fe a r si smia
r fsi n l eain hp ewe n to n y n le t n 1 ) tone s e wad n i lr
,
c es 1
as . d.
l t sca e LaM onacaseeksan awar ofatom eys'f si t a o of$259, 2. 1
n hi s ,
54 00.
d
t
ee n he m unt
I rs ns ,Tra ag e ( )t a teho ry rtsc r e b La o c ' atr e s u d b
n epo e e d r u s 1 h t h u l ae hag d y M na a s to n ys ho l e
rd c dt mo er a o b erts a d()t a ten mb ro h u sble b t eatm e ss o l
e u e o r e s na l ae ; n 2 h t h u e f o r ild.y h to y h u d
be r duc d t ac ount f r bl k bilng pr tc s vag tm e e re ; a duplc tve,
e e o c
o oc
li
aci e ;
ue i
ntis nd
ia i
um-as na e andunne es a y tme e ndiur s2
e o bl, .
c s r i xpe t e .
1.
H ourl R ates
v
La ona a s e c
M c e ks ompe a i a t r t of$350. pe hourf wor pe f r e by
ns ton t he a e
00 r
or k r o m d
Be s Shes ksc
er .
ee ompens to a t houry r t of$200. wo k pe f d by Koz ows . I
a i n t he
l ae
00 r ronne
l ki n
r pons ,Tr d a gue t tBe r ho l r t s dber uc d t $300. a t tKozows '
es e ea r s ha e s' ury ae houl
ed e o
00 nd ha
l kis
houryr t s d ber duc t $1 00.
l ae houl
e ed o 50.
!La o a ai iily s ug tat t l wa d o $ 0 8 2.0. Ho ve ,i r s n et Tr a sb ifi
M n c n tal o h o a a r f 26 , 6 0
we r n e po s o e d' re n
opposii t he moton,LaM onac a ee t thera t neys'bilng r dss d ber duc by4. hour t
ton o r i
a gr d ha
tor
li ecor houl
e ed
2
so
accountf cercale r scont ned i cerai tme e res
or l i r or
ai n t n i nti .
2 Thea
mountoff esr
e equesedbyLa onacai udes$2, 1 00f wor pe f med by par e sa
t
M
ncl
1 2. or k ror
algal t
Gl Fel
enn dman. Tr d doesnotchale t numbe ofhour bild f t pa al s'wor ort houryr t
ea
lnge he
r
s le or he r egal
k he
l ae
c ge Accor ngl t f sbil f t par egalswor wilbei ude i t t ala
har d.
di y, he ee led or he al '
k l ncl d n he ot mountawar d t
de o
La onac
M
a.
A pa t s ki af e a r mus pr t tt r ue t d ho l r t i r a ona e Se
ry ee ng e wa d
t ove ha he eq se ury a e s e s bl . e
M c e ,738 F. a 91 W he de em i ng a r s na e r t ,t c r s ul c i r t
Af e
3d t .
n tr ni
ea o bl a e he ou t ho d onsde he
pr vaii m a ke r t i t r lva c muniy,a wela t ba kg o and e re eoft
e lng r t a e n he ee nt om
t s l s he c r und
xpe inc
he
idviu latm e siv l d S e M is l iv.Jn n , U. 2 4 28 - 6 (98 ) S elv.
n i d a to y n ove . e soz
r e kis 491 S. 7 , 5 8 1 9 ; n l
Mc a e,8 4 F, 1 0,1 0 (t Ci.1 8 ) Thep e al g make rt c n b e tbih d
D nil 2 2d 38 4 2 4h r 9 7 .
r v ii
n r t ae a e sa ls e
t ough e de eoft at m e 'bilngpr c ies co rs t f ea r i sm ia c e , nd
hr
vi nc
he to ys li
a tc , mpa ion o e wa ds n i lr as s a
a fda t r ii f e ofcom s f o t r lva tc
fi vis ectng e s
t el r m he ee n omm uniy wih smia quaii to . Spel,
t t i lr lfcai ns
l
824 F. a 1
2d t 402.
Aferr viwi t a fda t s
t e e ng he f vis ubmit b t pa i a f a r i sm ia ca e , he
ted y he rtes nd ee wa ds n i lr s s t
c tfndst a ho l r t of$325. i r as bl f t w o k peror by Be r ,a t t
our i hat n ury a e
00 s e ona e or he r f med
e s nd ha
a houry r t of $175. i r as bl f t w'r pe f m e by Kozl ki The c twil
n
l ae
00 s e ona e or he o k r or d
ows .
our l
a y t s r t w he ca c a i t f e a a d i t sca e
ppl he e a es
n l ul tng he e w r n hi s .
2.
N um be ofH our Expe d
r
s
nde
La ona a s e a t ne 'f esf nea l 900 hour bild by Be sa Kozows fom
M
c e ks tor ys e or ry
s le
er nd
l ki r
M a 1 201 tlough J y 1 201 a f a oxi ael 1 hour bil by Be r bewee J y
y , 4 lr
ul 2, 5, nd or ppr m t y 00
s led
e s t n ul
1 , 01 a dNo e e à , 1 . Tosp o t e rq etLa n e ha sb te bln c at
3 2 5 n v mb r 0 20 5
u p rh r e u s, Mo a a s u mitd il g h rs
i
whih ls t tme pe , b i de c i i oft wor pe f med,hea mtoftm ee nde
c it he i kee r a ref s rpton he k ror
t mot
i xpe d,
a dted t o wh c t ewo kwa p ro d Tra ma e sv rl be to st tenl e o
n h ae n ih h r s ef nue . e d k s e e a o j cin o h t r f
mb
h u scame b La o c . Thef lo ngo j cin wil s tie
o r li d y M na a
olwi b e to s lbe usan d.
Fis , e a g st tt a t ne 'us ofbl k bilng f om M a 201 t ough J y 1
r t Tr ad r ue ha he tor ys e
oc li r
y
4 hr
ul 2,
201 m a s i difc tt a c a e y as e st a ountoftm e s nton e c t s by t a t r ys
5 ke t f ul o c ur t l s s he m
i pe
a h a k he t o ne .
Bl kbilngoc lr whenatr ysEum g ts t t ri tmee re rt rt nma ngs h
oc li czs
tone t pq a ks ogehe n i ntis ahe ha ki uc
l
e r e t k- t s ' M c f ,738 F. a 90. A lho h bl k bilng i notpr hi t d,isus
nti s as by- a k.
'
A ee
3d t
t ug oc li s
o bie t e
i t ifv r db f d rlc u t. Lus v Vigni Pa e Co p, 6 F. u p. d 5 3 5 2( .
s i sa o e y e ea o rs'
d
' k . r i a n l r .9 S p 3 7 , 8 W D.
Va 2 5 . Whe c n r ne wi b o k bii g o ohe f r o ia e u t d cu n ain,
. 01 )
n o fo td t l c l n r t r o ms f n d q ae o tne tto
h
l
Sc rs o tn r uc t f e a r by a ixe pe c nt ge srki a ba a e be we n t l k of
tou t fe ed e he e wa d
d r e a , ti ng
l nc t e he ac
s c fciy bl kbilng pr e sandt unf r sofde nga o he wie- o ry- a e f e
pe ii t oc li
es nt
he aines
nyi n t r s pr pe l gr nt d e
a a d aloge he . El r r v of W e r Ciys LLC v. Li na Ce e s so he k I , N o.
w r t t r'
' de be r
be t
vi
nt r - ut as nc.
6:2 CV- 0 5 , 01 U. Dit LEXI 1 0 9 , t*1 ( . Va Aug 1 , 1 ) s eas L k,
1 - 0 0 2 2 4 S. s.
S 1 4 2 a 1 W D. . . 1 20 4 ; e lo us
9 F. u p. da 5 3(e ucngttl e a r b afxe p r e t g t a c u t o c u e' u e
6 S p 3 t 8 r d i oa f e wad y i d ec na e o c o n f r o nsls s
o bo kb l n )
f lc il g .
i
I i undiput dt tLa ona a' a t ne enga d i bl k bilng onm uli e oc aso
ts
s e ha M
c s tor ys
ge n oc li
tpl c i ns
be wee M a 1 201 a J y 1 201 I a e f r t r m e t s de ii nc c e we
t n y , 4 nd ul 2, 5. n n f o t o e dy hi fc e y, ouns l nt
ba k a trti la a tmpt d t a good f ih e tm a e oft br akdown ofholr e pe
c fe ra nd te e o dd
at si t s he e
zs x nded o
n
dic e e t s durng a sngl day. As o he c t ha r c ni e ho ve ,Gti nih ont
s r t a ks i
i e
t r ours ve e og z d, we r s s g
i
o
i sbl t rconsmc ol bilnge ti a trtl ' M c e 906F.Supp. 48 500( D.
mposi e o e t t d li nres cclaey.
' Afe,
2d 4, E.
Va 20 2 , a ae i p r o oh rco n s 7 F.d 8 (t Ci. 01 ) Esi t so t s l
. 1 ) v c t d n a t n te r u d , 38 3 1 4h r 2 3 . tmae f he o'
t
m a by c ms l whiea tm p ed i good f ih,S r ac l ltl m o et n g s swhe m a
de
ot e , l te t n
at t e maly ite r ha ues e
a
n de
f e re l d l
or nti s ogge ong i t pa t' I
n he s . d, Ac or ngl t a ount f r t s i deq t
'
c di y, o cc
o hi na uae
doc e a i t c tfnds i a oprae t r uc t n
um ntton, he our i
t ppr it o ed e he mount of f s a r d f wo k
ee wa de or r
pe f m e fom M a 1 201 t J y 1 201
ror d r
y , 4 o ul 2, 5.
l a ton t bl k bilng,a he dif vor d bilng pr c ie i t us ofe es i y
n ddii o oc li not r s a e li
a tc s he e
xc svel
vague tm e des rptons Suc de c i i (i bi t co ts r as bl ne sr vi w ' a al o
i
ci i .
h s rptons Gnhi t he ur ' e ona e s e e ' nd s
çu tf a p r e tg r d cin i te fe a r e . As ly 1 o Ch re tn.LLC v PCS
j siy e c na e e u to n h e wa d d' h e 1 f a lso
'
.
Ni o e I .No. 01 U.. s.
t a n,nc, 2 5 S DitLEXI 9 3 5 a *( S. J y21 2 5 (iigc s s.
r
S 5 5 , t D. C. ul , 01 ) ctn a e )
The c tag ee wih Tr ad t tal r po ton ofpl ntf' c
our r s t e ha a ge ri
ai ifs ouns lstm ee re fom
e ' i ntis r
M a 1,201 t ough J y 1 201 a e e e svey va a i deq t y de c i t t s
y
4 hr
ul 2, 5 r xc s i l gue nd na uael s rbe he a ks
pe f me by c
ror d
ouns l Exa e of s h e res i ude e ti s f ç es r h,'S um e
e.
mpl s
uc nti ncl
n re or ç ea c ' l
r
doc nt
r vi w,'twor o dico r ' a ç ra pr pa ai n.' Bec us t s a o he va en re
e e ' t k n s ve y, nd s il e r to '
'
t
a e he e nd t r gue ti s
pr cl t cour a Tr d f om m a ng a a ua e as e s e o t r as bl nes oft
e ude he
t nd ea r
ki n deq t s s m nt f he e ona e s he
tme e nde by La onac s a t ne ,t c tfnds i a o i t t f rhe r d e t
i
xpe d
M
a' tor ys he our
t ppr prae o u t r e uc he
a oun ofa tr ys f e a r f rwor pe f r e fom M a 1, 4 t J y 1 201
m t to ne ' e s wa ded o
k rom d r
y 201 o ul 2, 5.
Th c u t l as s ti Tra ' o j ci nt La o a a sr q ssf rf e a s cae
e o r wil lo usan e d s b e to o M n c ' e uet o e s s o itd
wih t pe f ma e ofce t n ts t twe e ur c s rl pe f m e by he a t
t he ror nc
rai a ks ha r me es a iy ror d
r tonwys. For
i tnc ,La onac s c
nsa e M
a' ouns lbil f s ve a hour oftme s ntr s a c ng a dr fi a
e led or e r l
s i pe e e r hi nd a tng
moton t q s s
i o ua h ubpoe sduce t c ,whih we eis d t he c l phonepr de by Tr d.
na
s e um
c
r s ue o r e l
ovi r
ea
The m o i wa i opery fl d i t sditi t r t rt n i t dititi whih c pla e
ton s mpr l ie n hi src , a he ha n he src n
c om i nc
wi t s b o na wa rq ie S eFe R.Ci P.4 ()3 . Co n e ulmaey ee td t
t he u p e s s e u rd. e d.
h
v. 5 d () u s l t tl lce o
i
w ihdr w t m oton a s n s ve a addii na hour dr fi a m oton t t t e f c . U nde
t a he
i nd pe t e r l
to l
s a tng
i o ha f e t
r
t ecic tnc s t c t i i unr as bl t e c Tr adt pa t f sas oc ae wih
hes r umsa e , he our fnds t e ona e o xpe t e o y he ee s i td t
r s a c ng,dr fi a wihdr wi t m oto t qua h.
e e r hi
a tng, nd t a ng he i n o s
Si ia l t c tno e t tLa ona s c e bil ove $5, 00 f tm e s nt
m l ry, he our t s ha M ca' ouns l led r 000. or i pe
rs
e pondi t Tr a sm o i n t c
ng o e d' to o ompela r l t m o i f rsausc e e e whi hwe efld
nd e aed ton o t t onf r nc , c r ie
a trLa o a a o j ce t tep o u to o c ran d c me t r q se i d s o r . Tra
fe M n c b e td o h r d cin f e ti o u n s e uetd n ic vey e d
e nt ly w ihdr w t m o i t c pe a tr La bna a a ee t pr de t r
ve ua l
t e he ton o om l fe
M
c gr d o ovi he eque t d
se
doc e s Be us Tr d' m oto may no ha bee ne es a y butf rLa ona si ta
um nt . ca e ea s i ns
t ve n c s r
o M
ca' nii l
c le
ha l ngest t pr
o he oduc i oft r ue t d d um e s t co ' fnds i i ppr i t t a a d
ton he eq s e oc nt , he ul i t na opr a e o w r
t
t f si ur ed i r s ndi t Tr a s m o i .
he ee nc r n e po ng o e d' tons
Tr a alociest anumbe ofi t nc i whih La onac s e t be a r d f esf
ed s t o
r nsa es n c M
a e ks o
wa de e or
dr fi doc e s t twe e ne r pr ed or fl durng t co s oft ltga i For
a tng um nt ha r ve oduc
ied i he ur e
he ii ton.
i t nc LaM o c sc
nsa e,
na a' ouns lbil d f dr fi aprvieg l e nt
e le or a tng i l e og, ve hough i i undiput dt ta
ts
s e ha
pr vie 1 w a ne r pr
i l ge og s ve oduce i t i t n c e. Si ia l La ona s couns s nt5.
d n he ns a t as
m l r y, M
ca'
el pe
2
ho s a acos of$1 1 00,dr tng am o i n t co lt twasne rfld. The c tag e s
ur , t
t
, 30.
afi
to o mpe ha
ve ie
our r e
w ih Tr a t ti s d n0tbe r s
t e d ha t houl
e pons bl f pa ng f wor t tw a uli at l f
i e or yi or k ha s tm e y ound t be
o
klle e s r t t pr e uton Ofhe ca e.
l l c s a y o he os c i
l
r s
Fial,te c u twils san Tra s o jcin t a a r o f e fr ce ia ts s
n ly h o r l u ti e d' be to o n wad f e s o lrc l a k
pefnne b Ko lws i S clu t i t scr uth v deemie ta be a ep r l ceia
ro d y zo k . û o rs n hi ic i a e tr n d h t c us u ey lrc l
l
ts aeo dn rl pato a1w o tc ' o ehe d ( ih i c v r d i t eho ry rt) te
aks r r ia i r f a fi e s v r a , whc s o e e n h u l ae , h y
y
s d no be c
houl t
ompe aed f a a1. Two M e & a Tr c l '.I v.A M ove .I . N o.
ns t or t 1'
'
n
u k/ntl nc.
r nc,
2:4CV2 , 01 U. DitLEXI 4 4 3 a * 9( D. . r 7 20 5 (iigc s s; e as
1
48 2 5 S. s.
S 5 7 , t 1 E. Va Ap . , 1 ) ctn a e ) s e lo
J ndn , 91U. a 2 8n.1 (o igt a û rl ceia o s c eail akss o l n t bi e
e l s4
S. t 8
0 n tn h tç ey lrc l r e rtra ts h ud o be l d
pu
l
a ap rlg l ae r g r ls o whopef r t e '. Ex mplso ceia ts si cu e fln
t a ae a rt, e ade s f
roms h m'
) a e f lrc l a k n ld : iig
doc e swih t c t is ng sl mons ,s n ng a ma lng doc e s r vi ng fl s
um nt t he our, s ui lm
es c nni nd ii
um nt, e ewi ie
f i or ton, i i pl adi ,or ni ng doc nt , r tngnot booksorfl s a s mblng
or nf ma i prntng e ngs ga zi
ume s c eai
e
ie , s e i
bi s e a lng docum e s a m al ng l s i a t e
nder , m ii
nt , nd d
ogi tc l el phone c l . Tw n M e & a Tr c cl t l
als
n
u l/ n ',
I .2 1 U. DitLEXI 45 73 a *1 (iigc s s.
nc, 0 5 S. s.
S 4 , t 9 ctn ae )
He e t bilng r c ds s
r , he li e or ubmitd by La ona i l a numbe ofe ti sf clrc l
te
M
ca ncude
r n re or e i a
t ks pe f m e by K oz ows . Suc t s i l
as
r or d
l ki
h a ks nc ude pr pmi not books o ga zi fl s
e ng
e
, r ni ng ie ,
t lng' doc e s s he i de ii ,a m a ng o he t e
t i ' um nt , c dulng pos tons nd ki t r el phone c l . The e t s of
pul
als
s ype
ceia ts s b l da t eh u l rt o a a s caej tf af rhe r d cini t efea r e
lrc la k , il t h o ry ae f n so it,usiy u t r e u to n h e wad d
e
t LaM onaca.
o
Fort r s s ae t c ti una e t fnd t t e c a e r ho bil d by
he ea ons tt d, he our s bl o i ha a h nd ve y ur le
La o a' a t r ys f om M a
M nac s to ne
r
y
201 t J y 1 , 201 w a r s nabl 3 I s h
4 o ul 2
5
s ea o e.
n uc
cru tn e ,S o rs mu t e e cs s t j d me tba e o k wld e o t c s a
ic msa c s t u t s x r ie omd u g n s d n no e g f he a e nd
c
ltgai n e re e t r duc t nlmbe of hotr by a a oprae pe ce t .' I r
ii to xpe i nc o e e he z r
ls
n ppr i t r n age' n e
Ousd wal r Li g, 2F. u p 3 7 7 7 9( D. . 1 )( olci c s s. Ba e o t e
tie l Tie t .5 S p . d 7 , 8 E. Va 20 4 c le t a e) sd n h
i
ng
co tsr vi w oft r c dss it dby La ona a isknowldg oft c ea o he slke
ur ' e e
he e or ubm te
M
ca nd t
e e he as nd t r i
i, hec tfndsi a opraet r ducet num be ofho sbil d byBee sfom M a 1 201 t
t t our i t ppr it o e
he
r
ur le
r r
y , 4 o
J y 1 201 by 1 pe c nt a t numbe o holr bild by Kozows durng t s m etme
ul 2, 5
5 r e , nd he
r f zs le
l ki i he a i
pe i b 20 per e .4
r od y
c nt
3.
Tot Fe Aw ar
al e
d
Fo t r a onss tf rh a ve t c twilr ducet t t lnumbe ofhour bild by
r he e s
e o t bo , he our l e
he o a
r
s le
Be r t 348. a i wilr uc t t a numbe ofho s bild by Ko o kit 480.
es o
76, nd t l ed e he ot l
r
ur le
zl ws o
64.
The e hour a t e e nd by t fnn' pa al l,whe combi d wih t a ia e
s
s nd hos xpe ed
he i s r egas
n
ne t he pplc bl
houry r t s pr
l a e , oduce a l sa of $1 57100. Gi n t deg e of s es ac e d by
ode tr
99, .
ve he r e
ucc s hive
La na a t ec u tfn sta n f rh ra j sme to te ld sa i war ne i tei sa t
Mo c , h o r id h t o u te du t n f h o etr s ra td n h n tn
c e. Ac or ngl t co t l a r La ona a t ne 'f e i t a ountof$1 57100.
as
c di y, he ur wil wa d M ca tor ys e s n he m
99, .
B.
Lii i C o t
t aaton s s
La ona as s ekst r c rltgaton c t i t nmot of$1135 76. Tr d has
M ca lo e o e ove ii i oss n he
mt
, 2.
ea
fldan mbe o o j cinst t erq e tdc ss Th f lo ngo j cinswil es ti d
ie u r f b e to o h e u se o t. e olwi b e to l b usane .
3Bee s s e e albilng r dsfom J y 1 , 2015t Nove r30,201 do nots f fom t
r ' upplm nt li ecor r ul 3
o
mbe
5
ufer r he
defcinci outi d a
i e es lne bove. Ac di y,t r wilbenor
cor ngl he e l
educton i t hour bil durngt ttmeperod.
i n he
s led i ha i
i
4Tot e e Tr ad al a guest tLaM ona scouns spe an e s i a ountoftme
he xtnt e so r
ha
ca'
el nt xce sve m
i
a werngdico r r
ns i s ve y equess r e chi a dr tng LaM onac sbre i opposii t Tr ss
t, es ar ng nd afi
a' if n
ton o ead' ummar
y
j d me tmoin a dp e a i f rtilTra so j ci i o er e a i Tra sobe to t teu eofwo
u g n to , n rp rng o ra, e d' be ton s v ruld, s s e d' jcin o h s t
a t ne t pr ec eLa onaca' cai .
tor ys o os ut M
s l ms
Th c u t l s sanTr a ' o j cint t c n utto f e padt Dr NiaS e e
e o r wi u ti e d s b e to o he o s lai n e s i o . n we n y
l
a Dr M a i eFihe . La ona s kst r cove $900. i co ula i a ti la a a e
nd . urc s r M ca ee o e r
00 n ns t ton nd ra ppe r nc
f espa d t D r Sw e ne Prort t i l t c tnzed t tD r Sw e ne c d onl t s i y a a
e
i o . e y. i o r a , he our l ha .
e y oul
y e tf s
f ctwine s Co eq nty, heco tag e wih Tr adt tLa onac i note il t r c
a
t s . ns ue l t
ur r es t e ha M
as
ntted o e over
te$ 0 .0padf rDr Swe n y' tme Se Alxa d rv. as n 1 8F.d6 7 6 0(t Ci.
h 9 00 i o . e e s i . e e n e W to , 2 2 2 , 3 4h r
1 4 )(Ex e ti t c s o e p r wi e s s wekn w o n a t rt whihwo l j tf a
9 2 l c p n he a e f x e t t se ,
t
n
o f o uho i
y c u d usiy n
a l nc t wine s i e e sofor na y wines f s ho ve val bl t i t si o ma
lowa e o t s es n xc s
di r t s ee , we r ua e her e tm ny y
h v b e t tep risc ligte t tsiy.) Smial, e a s Dr Fih rwa n t tlz d
a e e n o h a t aln h m o e tf ' . i lry b c u e . s e s o u i e
e
'
i
a an e r i t sca e t cou tde i t awa d t $11 00 co ulai n f e c r d f hi
s xpe t n hi s , he r clnes o r he 0. ns t to e ha ge or s
tm e.
i
Th c u t l as s ti Tr a so j cint t ewi e sa d mie g fe padt Dr
e o r wil lo usan e d' b e to o h t s n la e e s i o .
n
Fihe a Tonya Gis
s r nd
lon. Si La o a uli aey e e t d no t c l t s i vi uas a
nce M nac tm t l l c e t o a l he e ndi d l s
wines e a ti ,t c ta ee wih Tr d t ti s ul notbe txe t c t a s a e wih
t s s t ral he our gr s t ea ha t ho d
a d he oss s ocit d t
t r a a a s To t e e Tr ad a s s ks t r ove m ie e f es pad t Ca olne
hei ppe r nce .
he xt nt e lo ee o ec r l ag e
i o r i
San a k o tr e o c so s Tra so j cin i s san d Net e Tr a ,n rte c u t i
ti b c n h e c a in , e d' b e to s u tie . ih r e d o h o r, s
a r ofwho St nba k i Ac r ngl Tr ad wilnotber uie t pa St i c sm iea
wa e
ai c s. co di y, e
l
eq r d o y anba k' l ge
f es
e .
TO t e e tn Tra o j cst Oh rc ss s c a to e ble frc mp trz d lg l
h xe t e d b e t o te o t, u h s h s i d o o ueie e a
l
rs ac on t ba i t ts h c t ae notrco r bl unde 28 U. C.j 19 Trad'
e e rh, he ss ha uc oss r
e vea e
r
S.
20, e s
o j cinsaeo r ld (l er c v r o c ssi no lmie t t o eu d r2 U. C.j 1 20
be to r venl . ç- e o e y f o t s t i td o h s n e 8 S.
e -h
9
whe e a t ne 'f s a e e es l aut i d by s a ut .' R e v.Em pow e nt Clni a &
r tor ys ee r xpr s y horze
tt e'
dd
nne
i cl
Cons tngSe v .LLC, 5U. Dit LEXI 87254,a * n. ( D. J y 6, )
uli r s,
201 S. s.
S
t 4 2 E. Va. ul 2015
23
(wadn fe a dc ssi ac s un e t eFMLA a Ti eVI o teCi iRih sAc o 1 6 )
a r ig e s n o t n a e d r h
nd t l f h vl g t t f 9 4 .
l
Asrlva th r ,h FMLA s cfc l p o ie t a t ec u tçh l,na dto t a yj d me t
ee n ee te
pe i al r vd s h t h o r S ali d i n o n u g n
i y
s
i
a r dt t pli if alw ar s na eat ne sfe(ndqot rc t oft acint bepad
wade o he antf, lo ea o bl tor y' e a
he oss he to o
i
b te d fn a t' 29 U. C.j 2 7 a () l c s s iv li g smia sauo y p o iins
y h ee d n .
'
S.
61 ()3 . n a e n ov n i lz tt tr r v so ,
c t ha hel t tG ha ge f ...onlne r e r h m a pr l be i l
ours ve d ha s r s or
c
i es a c
y opery
nc uded i a f e a a d.'
n e w r '
Az rHil n en dCiie sNeg boho dAs ' v Co nyo Al n , 9F.d91 9 ( dCi.
bo lCo c r e t n ih r o sn . u t f ba y 36 3 , 8 2 r
z
2 0 ) se as N. Rih t LiePAC v Le ke 9 9 F.S p 2d 5 6 5 0 ( D. . 2 3
0 4 , e lo C. c t o f
*
. a ,3
u p. 2 , 3 E. N C. 01 )
(idn , s do e sig d cso i t eF u t Cic i ivovn fes it gp o so s ta
fn ig ba e n xitn e iins n h o rh rut n lig e -hfi r vii n ,h t
n
t prvalngpli if i an a tonunde 42 U. C.j 1 3 wer e il t t f l a
he e ii antfs n ci
r
S.
98
e ntted o he ul mountof
c mputrz r s a c c t came ( D. . 201 ;W of v.Gre No.2: 01 201
o eied e e r h oss li d) E. N C. 3) le
e n,
08- 023, 0
U.. s. S 1 2 2 a # 2( D. . . p . 4 2 0 ( tn t a C t e crui g neal
S DitLEXI 0 6 3, t 4 S. W Va Se t 2 , 01 ) noig h tç h r ic t e rl
o
s
y
pemit r c v r o e pe s sf ro ielg l e e rhtr ug f es it gsau e b (olcig
r the e o ey f x n e o nl e a rs ac h o h e -h fi ttts' c le tn
n
n
)
c s s. Ac o dn l, e d' o j cini t i rg r wil eo rue .
a e ) c r igy Tr a s be to n h s e a d lb ver ld
I a or ncew ih t f r goi r i , he c t ila a d La o c ltga i n cos si
n cc da
t he o e ng ulngs t our w l w r M na a ii to
t n
t n ou of$1 1 69. Thec tfndss h c t t ber as bl a r ove a eunde t
he m nt
0, 88.
our i uc oss o e ona e nd ec r bl
r he
FM LA. S e ec, k 9 F.S p 3 a 5 3(wadngc ssi ten u to $ ,0 0 t a
e . ..Lus , 6 u p. d t 8 a r i o t n h mo n f 96 2.4 o
p an ifwhop e aldo asngeFMLA cam)
litf
r v ie n i l
li .
Concl on
usi
Fo t r a o ssae , e d' moinf r u g n a amatro lw o ,nteatr aie
rhe e s n ttd Tra s to o j d me t s te fa r i h l n tv ,
e
a ne ti lwilbe de e La ona a' r ue t f lqui t d d
w ra l
ni d; M
c s eq s or i da e amage wilbe gr nt d;a
s l
a e nd
LaM onac smoton f a t ne 'f esa c t wilbegr n e i pa'and de e i pa t
a'
i or tor ys e nd oss l
a td n l
t
ni d n r.
24
La o c wilbe a r d lq da e dn a i t a
M na a l
wa de i ui t d m ges n he mountof$5 468.9,a a tr ys f e
4, 8 nd to ne ' e s
a ltgai c t i t n o of$209, 69.
nd ii ton oss n he m unt
759.
TheClr i die t d t s nd c rii d co e oft sm e a um opi o a t
e k s r c e o e e tfe pis hi mor nd
ni n nd he
a c pa ng or rt a lc
c om nyi
de o l ouns lo r or
e f ec d.
b/d y f amas 01 .
EN TER : s l/ a o J r r 2 6
Thi
/
ChifUrie St t DititJ
e lt d aes src udge
Disclaimer: Justia Dockets & Filings provides public litigation records from the federal appellate and district courts. These filings and docket sheets should not be considered findings of fact or liability, nor do they necessarily reflect the view of Justia.
Why Is My Information Online?