Lamonaca v. Tread Corporation

Filing 124

MEMORANDUM OPINION. Signed by District Judge Glen E. Conrad on 1/21/16. (eot)

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P FFK' Q:FI (. D! P; . J ; ;N Jq, :% . AT RöANç)2, .-'' )--VA .. & ,. I THE UNI N TED STATES DI STRI COURT CT FOR THE W ESTERN D I STRI O F V I I I CT RG N A ROA N O KE D I I ON V SI F1ir . . t l e J , 21 2 1 AF . 25 JU I LA . w Q$ E% nl' ; BY: D VA LA RI LA M ON A CA , E Ci lAc i No.7:4CV00249 vi ton 1 Pli if antf, M EM ORANDUM OPI ON NI H o Gln E.Conr d n. e a ChifUnie St t sDititJ e t d a e src udge TREAD CO RPOR ATI , ON D e e nt f nda . OnJ l 7 2 5 aj r f u i fv rè Vaai La ona aO h rcamso itre e c uy , 01 , u y o nd n a o f lre s c n e li f nefr n e a d rtlain t e te F miy a d Me ia Le v Ac o 1 9 CTM LA' a an th rf r r n eaito md r h a l n dc l a e t f 9 3 . ' g i s e o me ) e ly r Tra Copo ai n($ e d'. Th c s i no b f r t ec u t nTr a smoi nf r mpo e , e d r r to ç a ' Tr ) e a e s w eo e h o r o e d' to o j d me ta amatro lw o,i teatmaie ane til La o a asmoin f rlq iae ug n s te f a r n h le tv , w ra ; M n c ' to o i ud td da a ;a La o c s m o i f r a t ne ' f es a ltga i coss The c the d a m ges nd M na a' ton o tor ys e nd ii ton t . our l hea i o t motonson Dec mbe 7,2015. Fort r as nssaed durng t he rng a f rng n he i e r he e o tt i he a i nd or t es tf t beow,Tr ad' moto wilbede ed,La ona ' moton f lq da e da a s hos e orh l e s in l ni M ca s i or i ui t d m ge wilbegr nt d,a LaM onac sm o i f ra t ne 'f sa c t wilbe g a ed i pa ta l a e nd a' ton o tor ys ee nd oss l r nt n r nd de e i pa t ni d n r . Fac ualBackuround t La n c b g nwokigfrTr a i 2 0 S ewa p o tdt h l nr s uc s( Mo a a e a r n o e d n 0 9. h s r moe o tma e o r e HR) die t ron M a c 1 201 La ona a r m aned i t tposton t i Aprlof201 whe t r co r h 0, 3. M c e i n ha ii mtl i 4, n he e nt gi ng r s t t s a ton oc ur ed. ve s vi i e o hi c i c r I Aprl of 201 La onac s r ggl d e o i l afe be ng e n i 4, M a t u e m tonaly t r i xpos d t he g e d e o i ht ne lv l o sr s a h mea da wo k. He h s n h dl s lsj bwh l r c peaigfo o e e es f te s t o n t r r u ba d a o t l o ie e u rtn r m p n i he t szge y. Addii ly, La o c s r l to hi wih Ba'y Rus e l Tr a s c ef ar lr r tonal M na a' e ai ns p t l r s l, e d' hi . ; our e e i t e he s exe utve ofie ,ha gr c i fc r d own i r asngl sr i nc e i y taned. One s c oft nson bewe n t m wa a lws tTr adhadfl di sa ec ta i tt f m e m e r ofisexe tvel a r hi tam . a ui e ie n t t our gans wo or r mbe s t cu i e de s p e On t a tr he fe noon ofFrda Aprl11,201 La ona m e wih Rus elt dic sis i y, i 4, M ca t t s l o s us s ues r l t t t lws t The pa te diput wha ta pie d i t m e tng. W hie Tr ad e aed o he a ui. ri s s e t r ns r d urng he e i l e mai ai t t La onac r sgned durng t m e tng, La onâc c e t t s m e e y nt ns ha M a ei i he e i M a ont nds ha he r l i o m e Rus e lha s wa c i rngr sgni al t thes nf r d s l t t he s onsde i e i ng, ld ha ugge t d t ts t s etme se ha he ake om i t t nk a o hi boutt de ii he c son. Atti l La ona t tfe t tRus elt d he t thebei ve t t ra, M ca esii d ha s l ol r ha le d ha arc n riep o e sf rc mp nye l y e h d (u tn il rie ( e)sr s lv l't a he e e t as r c s o o a mp o e s a ç bsa tal as d h r te s e e, h t s y ' l in'wa t( eqt r sg , a dt ts ewo l E e qt s b tgeqr sg ai' i wrtn 'i i d t n h r o e in' n ha h ud s dg o u mi h r e i n to n i g'f d ' ne n i s uli a e y de de t do s Tr a Tr V ol Ia 139he tm t l ci d o o. i l . . t 40. La o c r t ne t he ofi e al rt m e tng. Appr ma ey t nt mi e lt r M na a eur d o r fc fe he e i oxi t l we y nut s a e , Rus e lr c m e s l e om nded t t s l a t ofi e e l be us he was co e ne a ut he G ha he e ve he f c ary, ca e nc r d bo rl odd be vi r'and he sa e ofmi ha o ' r tt nd. Tra Tr Vol 1 a 93i l . . 1 t 95. La o c wa vi i y ups twhe M na a s sbl e n s pas e Ki be l Bu l r t HR a ssa , t wa outoft buidi he s d m ry te , he s it nton he y he l ng. Abouta ho lt r n ur a e , Bu lr c l d La ona te ale M ca. La onac t tfed t t s t d Bute t t s wa co i i M a esii ha he ol l r ha he s nsderng r sgni Tra Tr Vol Ia 1 e i ng. i l . . t 46. La e t tni t Rus els ntLa ona t t s mes ag as ngi s plnnedt s i t r ha gh , s l e M ca wo e t s es ki f he a o ubm t awrte r sgna i itn e i ton. La onac di notr s ndt t m e s ge t tni . M a d e po o he s a s ha ght On Sa ur y,Apr l1 201 La ona s he e a a t da i 2, 4, M ca c dul d n ppoi m e t f l w i M onda nt nt he olo ng y wih he phys c a Dr N i Sw e ney. A f e s he i t a nt e ,La onac s ntBute t r i i n, . na e t r c dulng he ppoi m nt M a e lr a e ai i c tng t ts w a C uf e i f om ps hol i aldit e sdue t pr onge e n m l ndi a i ha he s s f rng r s yc og c s r s o ol d xpos e m t hi lves o sr s' a t ts ha s he e t s e he physc a on M o y a tr o gh e l f tes y' nd ha he d c dul d o e r ii n nda fe noon. 2 P1' Tra Ex.8. La o c a ke Bute t s nd he t co ny' FM LA f r st tkewih .s il M na a s d lr o e r he mpa s om o a t he t t a nt e . r o he ppoi m nt On Sunda Aprl 1 201 a 1 47 p. . Rus els ntLa onac a t rs re o t xt y, i 3, 4 t 2: m , sl e M a no he e i s f e me s ge whi h pr vi d a f l s a s c o de s olows: Valre- yotrf l e t r s nd t my ls t quesi i c t st tyou ha ai l aiur o e po o a t wo tons ndi a e ha ve de i d t dic i c de o s ontnue your e pl e a Tr a i e a ey, I t s i m oym nt t e d mm dit l f hi s i onec ,pla e r pond i me ael Ot wi e lwilas ume t r s g ton nc t e s es m di t y. her s , l s he e i nai you ver ly t nde e on Frda i e f c i i medit l a 1wila r bal e r d i y s fe tve m a ey nd l range o n M o ayt dic i yo payand be ft . nd o s ontnue ur ne is P1' Tra Ex. .s i l 7. La ona r s M ca e ponde a hol lt ra f l ws d n tr a e s olo : Ba y, do n0tt nkt tt si a a opra em e um t ha t sc n' 1 hi ha hi s n ppr i t di o ve hi onve s ton. 1 rai waspr pa i t dic swih you o M onda Ho ve ,snceyo dema my e rng o s us t n y. we r i u nd i e aer s mm dit e pons , Idonot a t t nde my r sgna i e no pln o e r e i ton. Iwils ndal r l e onge e ana i i e a l xpl ton n m i. I d At 2: p. .t t a tr 01 m ha fe noon,La ona s n Rus ela e alr ie a i t t s had M ca e t s l n m i et r tng ha he de i d nott r i n fom Tr d. I t s m e e al La bna advie Rus elt ts wa c de o esg ' r ea n he n m i, M c: sd s l ha he s r que tng a m e c l l ve of a e ,a t t s ha s he e a a nt nt wih her e si di a ea bs nce nd ha he d c duld n ppoi me t phys c a i i n: . . . As y ou r c z d,e n bef e me,1n s f rng fom t ad r eefe t of e ogni e ve or m ufe i r he ve s f cs pr onge e ol d xpos e t sr s . On Fr da you s a ed t tpe hapst ve y dit c t ur o t e s i y, t t ha r he r fi ul r ie pr s ha s tntaly i r as d m y sr s lvel A ltl bi ofdit nc a s oce s s ubsa i l nc e e te s e . ite t sa e fo t st ton has gi n m e mor pe s c i a I r ogni t t 1 ha r m he iua i ve e rpe tve nd ec ze ha ve be om ei r sngl e oto ly dites e a wor Bot you a my co o ke s c nc ea i y m i nal sr s d t k. h nd w r r ha obs r e t s on m uli e r c nt oc s ons de ons r t d by m y i biiy t ve e v d hi tpl e e ca i m ta e na lt o m a nt i m y c pos e durng s r s 'ls m atons c yi a w or a i lt t i an om ur i tes f i i , r ng t k, nd nabiiy o u a tc a e m ys fc e r y. 1be i ve t tt s i t r ul ofpr onge e ri ul t el l a l le ha hi s he es t ol d xpos e t ur o hih lvel ofsr s a Ia s e ngm e c lte t ntf rt sc ton. Iha g e s te s nd m e ki di a r a me o hi ondii ve a a nt e wih m y physcin on M onday,Aprl 1 201 a l Iwilltyou n ppoi m nt t ia i 4, 4 rd l e kno t ou c e oft a nt e o Tue da w he t om he ppoi m nt n s y. l t me ni , a rq e tn t a Ki E tejsn met a p o raeFM LA n he a t 1 m e u sig h t m Bu lr e d he p r p it me a Sho tTer Dia lt pape wor i tmef rm et t ket my a nt e o nd r m s biiy r k n i o oa o ppoi m nt n M o a a tr n. nd y fe noo Def' TralEx.1 I a r pl e i s ntt nt m i e lt r Rus eldiece La ona a t .s i 5. n e y ma l e we y nut s a e , s l r t d M c o itya yfo t ofiea of ofTr dprpe t t if rhe noie. L t a wa r m he fc nd f ea o ry mtl u t r tc ' i s ' At3: p. .on M onda Aprl 1 201 LaM ona a wase mi d by Dr Swe ne a 30 m y, i 4, 4, c xa ne . e y, boa d ce tle f m iy pr c ii r Dr Swe ne di nos d La ona a s f rng fom a r ri d a l a ttone . . e y ag e M ca s ufe i r n a j sme td s r e wih a xiu fau e . Tra Tr Vo.1a 1 2 S e a v sd La o c t du t n io d r t n o s e tr s il . l t 0 . h d ie M na a o t ke a30- y m e c l veofa e eml s he ed af l up e l ton f M a 1 201 a da dial ea bs nc d c dul olow- vaua i or y 2, 4. La o c c e t ts wast nni t dby e all trt tda At5: p. .Rus e l M na a ont nds ha he e na e m i ae ha y. 35 m , s l s ntLa o c a e alad snghe t the e oyme ha e e M na a n m i vii r ha r mpl nt d ndedt pr vi Frda a t t he e ous i y, nd ha heha i tuce Bute t s ndhe i or tonr ga d nghe a r d la a COBRA be ft . d nsr t d l r o e r nf ma i e r i r cc ue e ve nd ne is P1' Tra Ex.1 A f w hozslt r Bute c le La ona . La ona t d Bute t tDr .s i l 2. e lr a e , l r al d M ca M ca ol l r ha . il . . t 64- Tral . l 1 t Swe ne ha pr s rbed a30- y l veofa e . Tra Tr Vol Ia 1 65; i Tr Vo . 1a e y d e ci da ea bs nce 1 64. 63- La ona t sii d t ts ha ho d t tRus el woul r c i r hi t r nai n M ca e tte ha he d pe ha sl d e onsde s e mi to de ii n a r i t t he . Tra Tr Vol Ia 165 66. On Aprl22, 4, M o c s ntRus el c so nd ensa e r il . . t i 201 La na a e s l ac oft wo k e us t ts hadr c ve fom Dr Swe neya as d t ther onsde t opy he r xc e ha he e ei d r . e nd ke ha ec i r he de ii n t t m i e he e oy e . Pl' Tra Ex. 1 l r pons , Rus e l a s d c so o er nat r mpl m nt .s i l 3. n es e s l dvie La ona t the e pl ym e e d o A prl 11,201 a t tt r w as no ne d f he t M ca ha r m o nt nde n i 4, nd ha he e e or r o com pl e any FM LA papem or et k. ProceduralH itorv s La ona f l d t i t ntac i n a ns Tr a on M a 15, 4,a l gi vi a i nsoft M ca ie he ns a to gai t e d y 201 le ng ol t o he FM LA . Spe fc ly,LaM o c c a m ed t tTr ad i e f r d w ih he r ght t de t FM LA , ci a l na a l i ha e nt r e e t r i s m r he 4 a t tTr ad t nni t he i r t la i f exe c sng,ora tmptng t exe c s ,he FM LA nd ha e e naed r n e a iton or r i i te i o r i e r rght . i s y 7, f ca ed Th c u t e idTra smoinf rs mmayj d me t On Jul 6- 2015,abiur t e o r d n e e d' to o u r u g n . j r tilwa c n u td o La n c ' damso itree c a d rtlain. Atteco eo u y ra s o d ce n Mo a a s li f n efrn e n eaito h ls f La n c ' e i e c a d a an beo e t c s wa s b te t t j r ,Tr a mo e f r Mo a as v d n e n g i f r he a e s u mitd o he u y e d v d o j d me t samalro lw. Th c u t e idTr a smoins a dtej r rt me av r itn ug na te f a e o r d ne e d' to , n h u y e u d ed c i fv ro La o a a o b t cams Afe tej r rtln d isv r it La o a a a d Tra a o f M n c n oh li . tr h u y et e t edc, M n c n e d r a ee t f egot dn a pha eoft ti l I t ad,hepa tessi atd t aba kpa a r gr d o or he m ges s he ra . nse t ri tpul e o c y wa d o $ 44 88 ,icu igp ej g n itrs,a d s b te t is so lq d td d ma e , f 5 ,6 .9 n l dn r -ud me t n ee t n u mitd he sue f iuiae n g s a t ne f es a c t t t c t orde son. SeeDocke No.8 tor ys' e , nd oss o he our f cii t 6. Thec s i n w beo et c u t n Tra ' moin fr u g n a amatro lw o ,n a e s o f r he o r o e d s to o j d me t s te f a r i t at r tve f a ne til La onac s m oto f lqui t d da ag ;a La ona s he le na i , or w ra ; M a' i n or i da e m es nd M ca' m o i f at ne 'f a c t. The c thel a he rng on t m o i on Dec mbe 7, ton or tor ys ees nd oss our d ai he tons e r 201 The m o i nsha be n f ly bre e a a e r pe f r vi w . 5. to ve e u l i f d nd r i or e e D i si scus on 1 . Tre sM o i f Judcm e as a M at e o L a ad' t on or nt tr f w Tr a ha mo e f r u g n a amal ro lw o b t o La o a a sF LA cams e d s v d o j d me t s te f a n oh f M n c ' M li . Rul 5 ( )o t e Fe ea Rue o Cii Pr c dze p nn t a pa t t r n w is mo in f r e 0 b f h d rl ls f v l o e l e is r ry o e e t to o j d me t samatro 1w f lo n t j r ' v r it Th c u t yga ts hmoino yi ug na te f a ol wi g he u y s ed c. e o r ma r n uc to nl f i fn sta $ ra o a ej r wo l n t v h dalg lys fiin e i e tayb sst fn f r t id h tG e s n bl u y ud o ha e a e al u fce t v d nir a i o id o a t g n- vn )pa t o g p riu ajis e' Fe . Ci P. 0 a( ) Th c u t tve he no mo ig ry n a a t lr su . d R. v. 5 ()1 . e o r mus iw c ' t e de e a dr w alr as bl i e e s i t lghtm os f vo a e t t non- o ng he vi nc nd a 1 e ona e nf r nce n he i t a r bl o he m vi pat La kv. a- a t t r s I c, 40F.d2 5 2 9( t Ci. 0 ) l c n ts bsi t is ry. c W lM r S o e s n .2 3 5 , 5 4h r 2 01. t a no u t u e t t 5 j d me tf rt to t ej r b rweg n t e i e c o ma n c e iiiy d tr n to s u g n o ha f h u y y e ihig he v d n e r kig r db l ee miain . t P iev Ciyo Ch ro t, 3F.d 1 41 1 5 ( t Ci.1 9 ) Th c u t h ud'a c r umo t rc . t f alte 9 3 2 , 2 0 4h r 9 6 . e o r s o l ç c od t s ç rs c t j r v r it a te d gng ry i rv e n te ' I . Th s wh n aj r ha epe t o u y ed cs nd r a i e l n e iwig h m. d ' u , e uy s de i r t d a r m r ave diti f roft non- o nt lbe a e nd e ned r c n avo he m va , a c tm a s ta i t ve di tonl i t r e s ss h a complt a e e o our y e sde he r c y f he e xit uc e e bs nc f e i e c s p ri t ev r itta t ej r ssn i sc u d o yha ebe n te v d n e u po t h edc h t h u y' dng o l nl v e h ng rs tofs e s miea co j cur ort e de ei fvoroft movan i s e ul he r ur s nd n e t e, he vi nc n a he ts o ove he m i t tr a ona e a f i m i d pe s nsco d no a rveata ve d c m l ng ha e s bl nd a r nde r o ul t r i r it a i ti. gans t Ca h v Cny. fEre 6 4 F.d 3 4,3 3 ( d Ci. 01 )(nen lctto a q tto maks s . t o i, 5 3 2 3 2 r 2 1 itr a iain nd uoain r o te ) mitd . A. I e e e Cl m nt rf r nce ai The FM LA c nf r s ve a rg son ei bl e oye ,i l i t rg t t keup t o e s e r l i ht lgi e mpl es ncud ng he i ht o a o t l we ofla Cl e us ofas roushe t co to t tma st e o euna et weve eks e ve çbqca e ei alh ndiin ha ke he mplye bl o p ro m t f n to s'o h rpo iin. 2 U. C.j2 2 a( )D) Th FMLA as ma si ef r he u cin ' f e sto 9 S. 61 ()1( . e lo ke t t a 'lf rany e oye t i e f r wih,r sr n,orde t e r i e ofort a tm p t % wf o unl u mpl r o nt re e t e tai ny he xe c s he te t o e e cs ' a e l y es F LA rg t. 29 U. C.j 26 5 a() To p e i o a cam o x r ie' n mp o e ' M ih s S. 1 () 1. rval n li f u lwf litree c , n e o e mu tp o e( )ta s wa e tte t a F LA be ei; 2 na u ne frn e a mply e s r v 1 h t he s n ild o n M n ft ( ) ta h re l y ritree wiht ep o iino t tb n ft a ()t theitree c c usd h t e mp o e n efr d t h r v so f ha e ei; nd 3 ha t ne frn e a e h r Ad msv Ar Ar nd l t . b. c , 98F.d4 2 4 7(t Ci. 5 . am. n . me u e Cn y Pu S h.7 3 2 , 2 4h r 201 ) I mo n f rud me ta amatro lw o La o a a scam t a Tr a itree wi n vig o j g n s te f a n M n c ' li h t e d n efrd t h he rghtt FM LA l a Tr a c e t t La ona f ie t e t bls t frt ee e . r i o e ve, e d ontnds ha M ca al d o sa ih he is lm nt S cfc ly Tra a g st tn r a o a l u yc ul ha ef u dt a La o c wa e tte t pe iial, e d r ue ha o e s n bej r o d v o n h t M na a s n ild o F LA la e b c u e( )s er sg e beo er q e t la e ()s d dno p o d s fiin M e v , e a s 1 h e in d f r e u si e v ; 2 he i t r vie u fce t ng n tc o he n e f rFMLA la e a d ( )s e dd no ha e a sro sh at c n i o t a oie f r e d o e v ; n 3 h i t v ei u e l o dt n h t h i 6 p e e td h rfo p ro mig t e e sn ilfmcin o h rj b. Thec u twi a d e se c rv n e e r m e f r n h se ta t to s f e o o r l d rs ah l a gum e i t m. r nt n ul Tr adfrtar st tt r or de e is gue ha he ec d monsr t st tLaM onac r i d d i t m e tng ta e ha a esgne urng he e i wih Rus el on Aprl 11 201 a ,t ,t t s wa no l r e oye a t tm e s t sl i , 4 nd hus ha he s onge mpl d t he i he rq e tdF LA la . Th jlyutmaeyrj ce ti a g me t n f u t t M o c dd e u se M e ve e t li t l ee td h s r u n a d o nd ha La na a i r notr s g durng t Aprl11 201 m e tng. Fort r s nssa e dtrng t he rng,he c t e i n i he i , 4 e i he ea o t t d li he a i t our rman c n i c dt th r wa as f in e ie ta yb ssfrt e t y' ln igi ti rg r e is o v n e ha te e s u fce t vd n ir a i o h jt s i dn n h s e ad. r Ba e o t e de e pr s nt d,i l ng t s e nttxt me s ges s tby Rus ela s d n he vi nc e e e ncudi he ubs que e sa en s l nd La o a a t ej r wa fe t ce i La o a astsi n r g r igwh trns rddligt e M n c ,h u y s r e o rdt M n c ' etmo y e a dn a ta pie t n h r me tng. W hie t co tmay ha gi n m o e weghtt Rus elst si o i had be n t ei l he ur ve ve r i o s l' e tm ny f e he fn e o f c,h c u t a no s yt a t ee d n ewa s o r l n t tn ra o a l j r i d r f a t te o r c n t a h t h vie c s o ve whemig ha o e s n b e u y c d ha f oul ve ound ag ns Tr adon t i s ofwhe he LaM onac vol a iy r i dbe or s ai t e he s ue t r a unt rl esgne f e he r que t FM LA l ve. Se Cas 654 F. a 333. e sed ea e h, 3d t Tr ad ne a g st tLa o c sr que tf r FM LA l a w a i ufi i n . W he t e xt r ue ha M na a' e s o e ve s ns t c e t n he ne d f FM LA lavei unf r ee bl ,t n e oye mus pr denotcet t e oye a s e or e s o es a e d mpl e a t ovi i o he mpl r s oon a p a tc b eu d rt f c al cru tn e o t epa t ua c s . 29 C. R. 8 53 3 $. s r cia l n e he a t r ic msa c s f h ri lr a e' d c ' F. j 2 .0 4 t he a e oye s e l a f t frttm e f r aFM t - lf ng r as n,t e oye s n n mpl e e ks e ve or he s i o W A qua iyi e o he mpl e n e n te p e sy a sr rg t u e t e F LA o e e me to t F LA. 2 C. R.j e d o x r sl se t ih s nd r h M r v n nin he M ' 9 F. ' 8 53 3 1 I se d t e o e mu t rl p o ieçufiin if r to f ra e o e 2 .0 49. n ta ,he mply e s meey r vd s fce t n o main o n mply r s t ra ona ydeemi whehe t FM LA ma a yt t l verques ' J. Asohe c t o e s bl tr ne t r he y ppl o he ea e t' .s 4 t r ours ha pr vi l obs r ed,thi i notaf m aitcorsdnge sa d,' nd e oye ne d not ve e ousy e v ( s s t or lsi t nt t ndar 'a mpl es e ç ovi eve y de a lne es a y f t e oye t verf i t FM LA a i . Li ht nsen v. s de r t i c s r or he mpl r o iy f he pr pples' c e t i ' Un v o Pi s mxhM e . r, 1F.d2 4 3 3( dCi. 01 )( ingc s s . i. f t b t d Ct.69 3 9 , 0 3 r 2 2 ct a e ) i Onc t e oye i o mst e o rt ts ne dsl a f am e c lr as Che e he mpl e nf r he mpl ye ha he e e ve or di a e on, i t bur n t n s fst t e pl ye t ga he addii nali or ton a dee mi i t FM LA i de he hit o he m o r o t r to nf ma i nd tr ne f he s ac l i iae ' Krnzkev.Alxa raM oorCas I ,289 F.App' 6 632 ( h Ci. maly mplc td. e ' e nd i t r. nc. x 29, 4t r 2 08 . Cf t e e ly r fn s t e e ly es r q s f r la e va u o is fiin ,te 0 ) i h mpo e i d h mpo e ' e ue t o e v g e r n u fce t h l e pl r s d a k t e o m oye houl s he mpl yee t pr vi t ne s a y deais t r h a tona o o de he ce s r t l h oug ddii l d c me tto a if r to . I ;s e as 2 C. R.j 8 53 3 1 Co e ue ty,dh o u nain nd n o mai n' d. e lo 9 F. ' 2 .0 49. ns q nl s e t çrtc t s 'i notwhehe t e oye ga e r ne s a y de alt de e mi i t FM LA c iial e t s t r he mpl e ve ve y ce s r t i o t r ne f he a is but ç pple , how t i or ton c he nf ma i onve yed t t e pl r i r as o he m oye s e onabl i e pr t d.' y nt r e e '' Lih e sen 6 F.d a 3 3 ( u tngSan ws iv. rBr o Li usne I . 51 F.d 3 8 c tn ti, 91 3 t 0 q oi r o k Ai o ke mo i s nc, 0 3 9 , 4 2( d Ci. 0 7) Ther s lto o t sis i aq e t n o f c f rt ej r I .s eas 0 3 r 2 0 ). e o uin f hi sue s u si f a t o h u y. d; e lo o Rv d r v. i ims 6 0F.d 1 8 ,1 9 ( t Ci. 01 )(Ot c s sisr c t t h a e u c n es W l n , 5 3 1 8 1 6 8h r 2 1 : l a e n tu t ha t e d q a y l ( r ofa e pl e' notc r uie c i r ton oft t t lt oft cic l s a esa i t c ly n m oye s i e eq r s ons de a i he o a iy he r lm t nc nd s ypi a l aj r q sin.)(i to o te ) u y ueto ' ct in mitd . ' a I ti c s ,h j r f t t a La o a ap o ie a e u t noieo h rne df rFMLA n h s a e t e u y omd h t M n c r vd d d q ae tc f e e o l ve. Ba e on t e de epr s nt d,hec ti c nce t tt r wasal aly s fcint ea s d he vi nc e e e t our s onvi d ha he e eg l ufi e e i e tayb ssf rt j r sfn i gi t srg r . I as c e so o e i c mmu iai n v d nir a i o he u y' id n n hi e a d n u c s in f mal o n c to s be nni on Aprl1 201 La onac no ii d Rus e la Bute t ts wa s f rng fom gi ng i 2, 4, M a tfe s l nd lr ha he s ufe i r t adve s e f t ofpr onge e he r e fecs ol d xpos r t sr s a t ts may ne d t tkeam e c l a u e o tes , nd ha he e oa dial e ve ofa e e. Shefzt ra s d t m t ts ha m a a a nt e wih he physc a a bs nc t he dvie he ha he d de n ppoi m nt t r r ii n, nd r quesedt tt co ny pr dehe wih t a o it FM LA pa r k. I s ppo to he e t ha he mpa ovi r t he ppr pra e pe wor n u r f r r ques,LaM onac pr vi d s c tc e m pl s ofhe e o i e t a o de pe ii xa e r m tonali t biiy a w or ns a lt t k. D e pie Tr a s a gum e s t t co r r t m e e f c t t La o c ha not ye s t e d' r nt o he nt a y, he r a t ha M na a d t r ce ve m e c ltea m e a t tm es r que t l ve i notf t lt La ona ' c a m s nori e i d di a r t nt t he i he e s ed ea s aa o M ca s l i , s 8 t f c t tt e a l pr ded no i c ton o how l t r quese a e e woul be. As he a t ha he m is ovi ndia i f ong he e t d bs no d wa p e o syn tdi d n n Tr a ss mmayj d me tmo in c ulsh v ma ece rt t s rviu l o e n e yig e d' u r u g n to , o ' a e d la ha t Sthee i no r q rme ti t sa et a a e o e be da n s d wi a sro h at t q r s e uie n n he tmt h t n mply e ig o e t eius e l l h h c ton be or be ondii f e comi elgi e f r FM LA la ,'St kl fv.St J m' M e c He t Sys, ng i bl o e ve' e of . ol s r y alh . 21 F.d 8 8 8 3 (t Ci. 0 ) a d t tç mp o e sma pr vd F tA- u l yng n tc 8 3 5 , 6 8h r 20 0 , n ha E ly e y o ie M a q ai i oie e f be or kn ng t e tda e ordur ton oft l ve t y wilt .' Sa ows ,51 F. at f e owi he xac t s ai he ea he l ake' nz ki 0 3d 4 2; e as Cln s aev. tTh r s o Ne Ho e 7 F.d 8 5 8 9( t Ci. 01 )( lig 0 s e lo i k c l S . ee e f w p , 01 3 2 , 2 8h r 2 2 hodn t tt pl i ifs i e f r nce cam unde t FM LA di notf i a a ma tr of 1w m e el ha he antf nt r e e li r he d al s te a r y be a et pl niftha ne rbeor s fr apa catc t ghee oye 'jknowldgea c us he aitf d d ve f e ufeed ni ta k o t mpl rs e nd ha n t rv o l be nd a n s dwihal n eyds r e' d o p e iusy e ig o e t la xit io d r). Li wie,t f c t tTr d di notr ceve t doc o ' not e usng La ona a f o ke s he a t ha ea d e i he t rs e xc i M c rm wo ku tl rl 2 20 4i n t ip st . A r a o a l u yc udh v f t t a La o a as r n iAp i2 , 1 s o ds o ive i e s n bej r o l a e omd h t M n c ' e l t Rus el a Bute pr de s fc e ti or tont r uieTr adt i r f rhe i t mais o s l nd lr ovi d ufi i n nf ma i o eq r e o nquie u t r n o t bassf La onac sl ver que t a t tRus e li e ael t r i t d he e pl he i or M a' ea e s, nd ha s l mm di t y e m na e r m oyment be o e s ha ar a qua eopporu t t pr de a to doc ntton fo Dr Swe ne f r he d l de t tniy o ovi ddii nal ume a i ' m . e y. r l i we ls tld t ta e oye c nnota d isFM LA o i tonsby pr mptve y frng a t s l- e te ha n mpl r a voi t blga i ee i l ii n e o a trr cevi no i ofhe i e t s k l ve unde t Ac . Se Clnks al,701 mpl yee fe e i ng tce r nt nt o ee ea r he t e i c e F.da 8 8( g ne lye d e n ta o dl bit b ds h r i a e o e wh tk sla 3 t 2 çAq mp o r o s o v i i l y y ic agng n mply e o a e e ve $ a i i or r t s k te t e f a c to t ti lt rhe d t be c r by t FM LA. The n de o ee r am nt or ondii n ha s a e l o ove ed he e o who pr cpio l fr sa e o e, n t lte cli st be t ofl a unde mpl yer e i t usy ie n mpl ye whe he a tr am he neks e ve r t FM LA,bea st rs t tt he t co ii n i que to lt rde l i t a s roushe lh he r he ik ha he alh nd to n s in a e veops n o e i at c ton.)(iai omit ) s eas Philpsv.M ahe ,547F. 905,91 ( h Ci.2008 ondii ' ctton ted ; e lo li ' t ws 3d 0 8t r ) ( i t ti wa Cmmaei 't tt pli ifwa tr naedbeor s s te he FM LA notng ha t s ç tral'ha he antf s emi t f e he ubmitd r i 9 pa r r a e pha i ng t tt e o rc d C es pe la lt by sm pl t r na i pe wo k nd m szi ha he mpl ye oul G not ca i biiy i y e mi tng he b fr s ec u dif r t m o t er s lso h ra p it n ) I ta , u hc n u ts y r e o e h o l n o m he f h eut f e p on me f'. nse d s c o d c ç ma c tt e i e f r nc w ih a e pl e' FM LA r g s a w e l as r t la i n a ns t ons iut nt r e e e t n m oye s i ht s l e a i t o gai t he e o ' Er nv. ton del .Co.58 F. 500,509( Ci. ) mplyee. dma Nai wi ns , 2 3d ' 3d r 2009 . I a ton t a g ngt tLa o c r i ne be or r quesi la a t the r ue t n ddii o r ui ha M na a esg d f e e tng e ve nd ha r eq s f r la wa i ufi i n ,Tr a c e t t La onac wasnd elgi e f r FM LA la o e ve s ns fc e t e d ontnds ha M a t i bl o e ve be a es di no s f rfom a(s ro he lh c to ' ha r nde edhe G bl t pe f m c us he d t ufe r te ius at ondii n't t e r rs una e o ror t efmcinso (ejp sto ' 2 U. C. 261 ()1 ( . Th FM L Sd fnto o ç eiu h t to f h r o iin. 9 S. j 2 a ( )D) e ' A' ei iin fd ro s s he lh co ton' i udesa ç t lc ton t ti ve ...c i ng te t ntby ahe lh at ndii ' ncl é a ondii ha nvol s men ontnui r a me at c r p o ie . 29U. C.j261 ( 1 ( . Th tr i d s rbe i f rhe d ti i t eF LA ae r vd r' ' S. 11 )B) e em s e ci d n u t r eal n h M r gultons whi h pr de t tG s roushe lh c ton i l ng c i ng te t e by a e a i , c ovi ha t e i a at ondii nvo vi ontnui r am nt he lh c r pr der'i ude ,a at ae ovi ' ncl s mong ohe t ngs çl)pei ofi a ct ofmo et n t e t r hi ,ta rod nc pa iy r ha hr e c e utve f l ca e rda ...t tal o i ve ... r a m e t o o m or tm e by a he lh ons c i ' l l nda ys u ha s nvol s t e t nt w r ei s at c r prvi r' 29 C. R.j825. 1 Thetr Li a ct 'i dei t i l t çna lt ae o de . ' F. 1 5. em tnc pa iy' s fned o ncude he s biiy i t wor ...duet t s roushe lh c ton.' 29 C. R.j8 11 Cl tnn Er t nt o k o he ei at ondii ' F. 25. 3. s- e teame ' -he icu e ( u i n tl tdt)e a n to st d tr n i asro sh at c n iine ssa d n l d s b t s o i e o x miain o ee mie f ei u e lh o dto xit n mi e l to oft c ton. I va ua i ns he ondii ' d. ' He e Tr a doesnotdiput t tLa ona wa di g edwih am e a he t co ii r, ed s e ha M ca s a nos t nt l alh ndton by Dr Swe ne ort tLaM o c wa e m i a l s t cei t c s ofe uai a o . e y, ha na a s xa ned t ea t wi n he our e val tng nd/ r te tngt c ton. I tad,Tradc e ,asi di on sl r j rai he ondii nse e ontnds t d tmma y udgme ,t tLaM o c nt ha na a f ie t es a i h t ts was l a e t w or f m o e t t e c e i da a a r s tof a l d o t bls ha he m bl o k or r han hr e ons cutve ys s e ul t c to Bas d o D r Sw e ne s t tm ony,how e r t c tc l st tt r w a a he ondii n. e n . e y' es i ve , he our onc ude ha he e s lg l s fce te le tayb sst s p o th j r sûn i o t i is e Dr S e e te td e al uf in vd n ir a i o u p rt e u y' dng n hs su . . we n y rae y 10 La o c f r mor t n s ve yea s be or e m i ng he on Aprl 1 201 The physc a M na a o e ha e n r f e xa ni r i 4, 4. ii n t s i i d t s ha ne rs e La ona i s h a a t t d a ne wouss a e durng a pror e tfe hat he d ve e n M ca n uc n gia e nd l tt i ny i ofi evii. Dr Swe ne de c i dLa o c a beng C r dita , t e r tl'a ( haky, fc st . e y s rbe M na a s i l y sr ught' s a fz,' nd t ve 't s ' ' a r ca l d t tLa onac C d a har tm e ge tng outwha s w a e t s y be a e s w as nd e le ha M aç ha di ti t he nt d o a c us he s u e . Tr a Tr V o1 1a 1 1 D r Sw ee y di gnos d La o c a s f rng f o a a ut o ps t' i l . . t 0 . . ' ne a e M na a s uf e i r m n c e a xit d s r e a d a vs d h rt tk a3 - a me ia la eo a s n efo h rj b. I . t n ey io d r n d ie e o a e 0 d y d c l e v f b e c r m e o d a 1 07. W he s cfc l a ke i i wasm or lkey t n nott tLa o c wa una et wor n pe ii aly s d f t e i l ha ha M na a s bl o k f rm or t n t e da ,Dr Swe ne t sii d i t a fr tve. 1 o e ha hr e ys . e y e tfe n he fimai d. To t e e Tr ad s e t dic e t Dr Swee y' t si ony by ar ui t t t he xtnt e e ks o s r di . ne s e tm g ng ha he physcinwasne i or ia ver nf med o al oft e s n i lf tonsofLa onac sposto t co ti f l he s e ta unc i M a' ii n,he ur s unpe s ded. An e oye i de d una e t pe f m t fm c i ofhe poston i s i r ua mpl e s eme bl o ror he t tons r ii f he s C na et pef r a yo eo tee s n il u cin o te. . o iin' 2 C. R. 8 .23 $ i bl o ro m n n f h se ta f n to s f h . p sto . 9 F. j 251 4 u ' (mph ssa d d . çl a i, p ro c n b ic p cttd d s t b ig a l t d s meo he e a i d e ) s- t s a e s n a e n a a i e epi en b e o o o f r -h a e r g lrwo k' Brn a v.Game'Sael el f Newo k I c,61 F.d 5 3 5 0 ( t Ci. e ua r. a h m ' l t tlt n o. t r s n . 9 3 6 , 7 6h r t i 201 . I t sc e,i i ce rfom Dr Swe ney' tsi 0) n hi as t s la r . e s etmonyt ts kne t ts a ngwih ha he w ha pe ki t ot re o e wa a e s ntalf to ofLa o c sposton a HR die t r a t tDr he mpl ye s s n s e i unci n M na a' ii s r c o , nd ha . Swe ne wasoft o ni n t tLa ona awasuna et pe f m t se s ntalf ton: e y he pi o ha M c bl o ror hi s e i unc i Q. W a iyourdee mi tona t t Aprl1 t a nt nt...ha st tr nai fer he i 4h ppoi me tt ( M o a a ha n b sn s wo kn La n c ) d o u i e s r ig? Sheha ahar tmes a ngi t r d d i pe ki n he oom wih me. lknow t ts wa t t ha he s he HR ma ge a Tra 1j tfl lket tsapostonwhe eyo ha t na r t e d. us et i ha ' ii r u ve o t k t pe e a s was ha ng a ha d tm e s a ng c e ry,sa ng al o opl nd he vi r i pe ki l a l t yi f us d. She w a e r e y a ousa t a f l oc e s xtem l nxi nd e r u . Q. Soiwa yourdeemi tont tdurngt s30da perod,s wasuna e t s tr nai ha i hi - y i he bl t w or o k? Cor e t rc. Tra TrVo . . t1 7. Ac o dngy, . we ne ' tsi n p an ys p o t t j y s il . l1 a 0 c r i l Dr S e y s etmo y lil u p rs he ur ' End ngt tLa ona ha as roushe lh c ton t tpr ve e he fo pe f mi i ha M ca d e i at ondii ha e nt d r r m ror ng t fmc i ofhe poston a Tr a he t tons r ii t e d. Fial,hec u t oe t theme efc ta La o c a pl df roh rj b dligt n ly t o r n ts ha t r a t h t M na a p i o te o s t n he e r pe i ofla pr crbe byDr Swe ne di no r nde he i pa eofe t bls ngt ts wa rod e ve es i d . e y d t e r r nca bl sa ihi ha he s i a iae frpur e of29C. R.j8 11 ort ts wa lma et pef m t fmci nc pacttd o pos s F. 25. 5, ha he s G bl o ror he t tons t o h rp sto ,a rq ie b 2 U. C.j 2 2 a ()D) S e S e lf,21 F.d a 8 - 2 f e o i n s e u rd y 9 S. i 61 ()1 ( . e tk of 8 3 t 616 (ç s upon c i rton oft decaedpur e oft FM LA a islgiltvehit y,wehol onsdeai he lr pos s he nd t e sai sor d t t d mo srto t na e l y ei u bet wok i h so he c re t o d et asro s ha a e n tain ha n mp o e s na l o r n i r r u rn j b u o ei u h at c n iini e o g t s o t a tee lye i ic pa iae , v n i t a j bi t eo y e l o dto s n u h o h w h t h mp o e s n a cttd e e f h t o s h nl h one t tt e oye i una e t pe f m ....Fort s m e r as nst twe bele t tt ha he mpl e s bl o ror he a e o ha ive ha he Geiu he lh c ndto iq iy s o l f c o ale ly esc re tj b wi h rc re t s ro s at o iin' n ur h u d o us n t mpo e ' u r n o t e u rn h e pl r we be ive t tt i r i o whehe a e oye i a et pe f t e s ntal m oye , le ha he nquiy nt t r n mpl e s bl o ronn he s e i fmcin o he j b s o l f c s o h r a ii t pef r t s f ncins i he c re t t to s f r o h u d o u n e blt o ro m ho e u to n r u rn y e v r n n .) s eas Hu l r S . av sHe lh Cae S ss n .43 F.d 1 8 ,1 9 ( 1h n io me t'; e lo rbet t M r ' at r y .l c, 9 3 2 6 2 6 1 t ' Ci.2 0 )(ee tn t e e l y rs cam t tale o e c ul n th v e peinc d a r 0 6 rj cig h mp o e ' li ha r mply e o d o a e x re e n i lt t wor wihi t m e ni of t FM LA r ul tons snc he co i nabiiy o k t n he a ng he eg ai i e ntnued t pe f m o ror smia d isf a he e oye) i lr ute or not r mpl r. I su viwi t e de ei t lg mos f vor bl t La o ca t co tfndst t n t n, e ng he vi nc n he i ht t a a e o M na , he ur i ha ara o a l j r c ud h v f u d ta La o c wa si e ly da t etmes r q se e s n b e u y o l a e o n h t M na a s tl mpo e t h i he e ue td l FM LA l a t ts pr de s fc e notc ofhe nee f r l ve t ts s f r d fom a e ve, ha he ovi d ufi int i e r d o ea , ha he ufe e r s rous m e ca c ton t t pr l d he fom pe f mi t es e i fm ci of he ei di l ondii ha ecude r ' r ror ng he s ntal t tons r poston,a t tTr d de e o i e f r wih t e r ie ofhe rgh t t tm e o ffom ii nd ha ea ni d r nt re ed t he xe cs r i t o ake i f r wo k Ac o dn l Tra i no e t ld t j d me ta a matr o lw o La o a a s r . c r igy, e d s t ni e o u g n s t te f a n M n c ' i e f r nc c a m . nt r e e e l i B. R et i i Cl m alat on ai La ona a s cl i e t t Tr d t r i t d he i r t i ton f e r i i , or M ca l o a m d ha ea e m na e r n e ala i or xe c sng atmp igt e rie he rg t u d rteFM LA. S e2 U. C. 26 5a ; e as 29C. R. te tn o xecs , r ih s n e h e 9 S. j 1 () s e lo F. j 8 52 0 (-h FM LA'I p o iiin a ans itree c p o iis a e o e 9o 2 .2 /) çl e sS r hb to g i t n efr n e r hb t n mply r m dic i i tng o r t la i a i ta e pl s rm na i r e a itng gans n m oyee... orha ng e r ie ora tmpt d t e r s f vi xe cs d te e o xe cie F LA rg t.) I o d rt p e al na F LA rtlai ncam, plitf mu t o ( )t t M ih s' n r e o rv i o n M ' eaito li a an if s prve 1 ha s e e g g d i p o e td a t iy ()t a h re ly rt o a a v re e ly n a to h n a e n r tce ci t; 2 h t e mpo e o k n d es mp o me t cin v a ans h r a d( )t a t ea v ree ly n a to wa c u al c n ce t t ep o e td g i t e ; n 3 h t h d es mp o me t cin s a s l o ne td o h r tce y a tvt . Ya h n ov. ra sN. Ca ioCo. ciiy s e k Harh' C. sn .LLC, 46F.d5 , 51( t Ci. 0 6 . 4 3 41 5 4h r 2 0 ) Vi wi t r c di t lghtm os f vor bl t La onac ,t co tc l st tt r e ng he e or n he i ta a e o M a he ur onc ude ha he e wa alg l s fiin b ssf r h j r t fn i fv ro La o a ao t ertlai ncam. A s e al u fce t a i o t e u y o id n a o f M n c n h eaito li y ra o a l j r c ul ha efu t tLa o a ae g g di p o e tda tvt wh ns rq se e s n b e u y o d v o nd ha M n c n a e n r tce ciiy e he e uetd FM LA la ; ha Tr ds e ntyt r nae he e o e ; ndt tTr a t t a r e e ve t t ea ubs que l e mi td r mpl ym nt a ha e d ook he dve s e o e aci n be a e of La onac s pr t c e a tviy. W hie Tr ad co i mplym nt to c us M a' o e t d c i t l e ntnues t o mait nt tLaM o avol a iy r sgne on Aprl11 201 a t , ha s di note ge n ai ha nac untrl e i d i , 4, nd, hus t t he d nga i p oe tda t t o s fe ala v ree o me a to ,h c u'i c n ic dt th j r ' n r tce ci y r uf r l d es mply nt cin te o l s o vn e ha te u ys vi t fndi t t co r r i s i ng o he nta y s uppore by a l gal s fce e d i y ba i Li wie,f rt td e ly ufi int vi entar ss. ke s o he r as sa e durngt he rng, hee de epr s nt by La ona , n vi we i he f vor e ons tt d i he a i t vi nc e e ed M ca whe e d n r a , s p rstej r ' d tr n to ta Tra tnnnae h r c us s ee rie o atmp e t u po t h u y s eemiain h t e d e i td e be a e h xecsd, r te td o e r i e he r gh s t de t FM LA . Ac o dn l, e di n te tte t j d me ta amatr xe c s , r i t m r he c r igy Tr a s o n ild o u g n s te ofl w on La onac s r t la i n c ai . a M a' e a i to l m I. I Tre sM o i f rN e Tral ad' ton o w i Tr a hasat r tve ym ove f a ne ti l pu s ntt Rul 59 o t Fede a Rul sof ed le na i l d or w ra, r ua o e f he rl e Ci lPr edur . Unde t s r e,t til c ttmus we g t e de a c nsde t vi oc e r hi ul he ra our t t i h he vi nce nd o i r he c e biiy of t w ine s s t de e m i whe he t ve di tw as a i tt c e r w e g oft r di lt he t s e o t r ne t r he r c ga ns he l a i ht he e de orwa ba e upo e de et twa f s ' Knus ma v. a ylnd, F.d 625,6 vi nce s s d n vi nc ha s ale. ' s n M r a 272 3 47 (t Ci.2 01) Gft e tilc u tweg st é ie e a d d tr n sta i i d fce tt 4h r 0 ). s h ra o r ih he vd nc n eemie h t t s eiin o l s t i ave dit t t tilc t n s tasdet ve dita gr ntane til' l usan r c , hen he ra our ca e i he r c nd a w ra . d. ' I m ovi f a ne t i , Tr ad a gue t t t e de n ng or w ral e r s ha he vi nce pr s nt a ti l cl a l e e ed t r a e r y de onsr t t tLa ona ar sgne on Aprl11 201 be or s r ue td m e c ll a a m taed ha M c ei d i , 4, f e he eq se di a e ve, nd t ts wa a e t pe f a1oft es e i lf tonso he poston. Fort r a o sa e ha he s bl o ronn 1 he s nta ' i unc f r ii he e s ns t t d d i t he i howe r t co ti una et a ee W hiet sc t a havede de t urng he arng, ve , he ur s bl o gr . l hi our m y ci d he i s sd fe e l i i hadbe t desg t d fnde off c, hec 'i una et c udet tt s ue if r nty f t en he i na e r a tt out s bl o oncl ha he t j r ' fndngwihrs c t et e is ewa a ans t ece rweg to t ee d n eo ba e o u y s i i t epe t o ih r su s g i t h la ih f h vie c r s d n e de e t t wa f l e Ac or ngl Tr a s m o i n f a ne ti lwil be de ed. See vi nc ha s as . c di y, e d' to or w ra l ni Ab se nc v. t o S eb ,7 4 F.d 1 5 ,1 5 ( t Ci.1 4 ( tn t a ç til u g a iko Ciy f h ly 4 2 0 5 0 9 4h r 98 ) noig h t ç ra j d e a s o l no Ce irt 'hej r s se b g a tn ane tilo g o d o is fce t vie c h u d t d n gae t u y y tm y rni g w ra n run s f n ufiin e d n e a d s bsiui g hs o j d me to te f csa d wi e s ce i lt,p riu al wh n t e n u tttn i wn u g n f h a t n t s rdbi y a t lry e h n i c s b e tmatro t tili smpl a d e sl c mp e n e b a 1yj rl( u tn Lid v u j c te f he ra s i e n a iy o rhe d d y a u y q oi g n . S he lyl d sre .nc, 7 F.d7 , 8 91( dCi.1 6 ). c ne n u tis I .2 8 2 9 8 - 3 r 9 0) 111. L aM onaca' M oton f Li dat D am azes s i or qui ed Ha i c n ld dt tTra i n te tte t j g n a amatro lw o ane til vng o cu e ha e d s o n i d o ud me t s te f a r w ra, l t c tm us a e s La o c s m oton f lqui a e da a . Fo t f l w i r s , he our t ddr s M na a' i or i d t d m ges r he olo ng ea ons t c twil gr nt t moton and a r La o c lq da e da a s i t a he our l a he i wa d M na a iui t d m ge n he mount of $5 468. 4, 89. Cf FM LA e il s a w r ng e pl yee t a a tonala a d of lqui t d dn a s t' -he ntt e o ed m o o n ddii w r i da e m ge e lt t s oft a ounta a ded f dn a a t i e e ton t ta ount' D ot on v. qua o he um he m w r or m ges nd he nt r s ha m .' s Pfz r I . 5 8 F.d 2 4 3 2 (t Ci.2 0 ) (i n 29 U. C.j 2 7 a ()A)ii) S c ies nc, 5 3 8 , 0 4h r 0 9 ct g i S. 61 () 1( (i . u h ) dam ag a e no ly l r d a o a i a l ' 1 Gl how e r t e pl r pr s t t es r nna l i de ut m tc ly. d. lf awa ' ve , he m oye ove o he stsa to o t c u th ttevilto o gh FM LA)wa i g o fiha dta tee l y r aifcin f he o r t a h oain f t e s n o d at n h t h mp o e had r a ona egr e s bl oundsf béle ng t tt a torom iso wasno avi a i t co t i is or ivi ha he c sin t olton, he ur, n t d srto ma c o e no t a r lq i ae d ma e . I (iain a d q o ain mak icein, y ho s t o wad iu d td n g s' d. ctto n u tto r s ' o te ) An e l y rE a ap an ml s b tn ilb r e t pes a et ec u tha isf ize mi d . t mp o e t s li d u sa ta u d n o ru d h o r t t t alr h l wa i g o fiha t ti wo l beu f i t i o el u d tdd ma e . 1 (iain a d s n o d at nd ha t ud n ar o mp s i i ae n g s' d. ctto n q ' q oain mak o te ) W hl t e c u th ste ds rto t d n a a r o lq i ae u tt o r s mitd . ie h o r a h icei n o e y n wad f iu d td da a ,s h dic e i s d bee cs d S it ntywiht sr pr s m ges uc s r ton houl xer ie û consse l t he tong e umpton unde t i r he samei fvo o d u ln . J c s nv Ciyo Ho S rnc , 51F.d 8 5 8 6( t Ci. 01 ) tt n a r f o bi g' a k o . t f t p i s 7 3 5 , 6 8h r 2 4 ' ' (iain a q tto mak o te l e as Ra op v Po r mm Co t. I . 3 9 ctto nd uoain r s mitd ;s e lo nd lh . we co nsr. nc, 0 F. D. 4 , 6 ( M d 20 5 (mp a iigta G d o bl d ma e aet n r sn l d ma e R. 3 9 3 5 D. . 1 ) e h szn h tt ju e a g s r he o m, ige a g s g t e pto ). he xce in' Ba e o t ej r sv r ittec t'i u bet fndt t e da tdi g o f i wh n s d n h u y' ed c,h outs na l o i ha Tra ce n o d at e h i vi ae t FM LA . W hie Tr a a gues t t Rus el ge ney be ived t t La onac t olt d he l ed r ha s l nui l le ha M a r sg d o Ap i 1 ,2 4 b fr s er q etd FM LA la e t j z rj ce ti ag me t e ine n rl 1 01 , e o e h e u se e v , he u y ee td h s r u n wh n i f u d i fv ro La o a a o h rrtlai n cam. I lg to tej r ' fn i ta e t o n n a o f M n c n e eaito li n ih f h u y s idng h t Tr a i e i ly r t it a i the f e r ii he rgh st rt FM LA,a gi n t e d nt ntonal ealaed gans r or xe csng r i t mde he nd ve he sr ng pr s to e umpton i f voroflqui t da ges t c ttc udest tlqui t dn a s i n a i daed ma , he otr oncl ha i daed m ge mu tbea r e i teisa tc s . Se Hiev. r e M f . , 4 F.d 8 ,8 9(t Ci. s wad d n h n tn a e e t Veme r c Co.4 6 3 58 6 8h r 2 0 ) C h wigg o f i wh naj r h sd tr n ditnina r tl to i aveyh g b rt 0 6 (t o n o d at e u y a eemie n e to l eai in s r ih a o s h a ce ri i e dic nb .) s eas Az a v. e t b ' Com.3 5F.d3 0 4 (t Ci. 0 ) la,fnd e t a e' ; e lo b n W s Pu lc 1 , 4 3 9 , 08 6h r20 3 ' ( di t tt dititco ta edisdicei i de nglqui t da swheet c r hol ng ha he src ur bus t s rton n nyi i daed mage r he ou t rle o t ee lye ' n n eaitr r a o f risc nd t wh c t j yrj ce b fn ig eid n h mp o rs o rtlao y e s n o t o uc, ih he ur ee td y i dn itn ina rtlai n . Ac o dngy t c u twi g a tLa o c ' mo in f rlq iae ne to l eaito ) c r i l , he o r l rn M na a s to o iud td l dn a si t n m ge n he mountof$54, 89. 468. 1 . V LaM onac s M oton f A t or vs Fe and Lii i Cos s a' i or t ne ' es taat on t I a ton t lq da e dn n ddii o i ui t d mage ,La o c s e t r cove he a t me f es a s M na a e ks o e r r tol ys' e nd ltga i cos s La onac w asr pr s nt by Pa B e r ,a pa t r a t Roa ii ton t . M a e e e ed ul e s rne t he noke 1 w fr of a im Glr Fed r Dab & Go dat tGln Fed n ' a dEmmaKo lwsd, na s caea em lmam r y o lte ç e n l mn n), n s zo l a so it t t fr . he i m A. A t orne Fees t vs' An a r of r as bl a tr ys f e a c t t a pr va lng pli if i m a t y wa d e ona e to ne ' e s nd os s o e ii a ntf s ndaor u d rteFM LA. S e29U. C. 2 7 a( ) W h nasau ea t rz sa a r o a4 r e s ne h e S. j 61 ()3 . e ttt uho ie n wad f ton y ' f es t Unie Stt sCot'ofAppe l f t Foulh Cic tha ado e t l t rm ehod of e ,he t d a e ut a s or he ' r ui s pt d he odesa t t d tr nn r ao a e fe . Br d ik v Ru v n 1 5 F.d 1 4 1 6 ( t Ci.1 9 ) Th eemi ig e s n bl e s o za . n o , 4 3 9 , 9 4h r 9 8 . e l t r fgur c re a ç tong pr s odesa i e aris .l r s e umpton' t t i ç e es nt a r as bl a t ne s f e. i ' ha t û pr e s e ona e tor y' e ' r ' M c e v. c a, 38F.d 8 ,8 ( t Ci. 01 ) Afe Bo z r 7 3 1 8 4h r 2 3 . The l t r fgur i c c aed by muli yi t num be of hour expe d by a odesa i e s alult tpl ng he r s nde r s na e r t I The Four h Ci c tha i n ii d s ve al a t r t tc t m a c ns de i ea o bl a e. d. t r ui s de t fe e r f c o s ha our s y o i r n dee mi ng t sl sa a tr ni hi odetr mount Se Babe v.Ki els I . 577 F. 21 2 n. ( h . e r r mbrl', nc, 2d 6, 26 28 4t Ci.1 7 )(d p igt f co si e iidi J l o v. o gaHih yEx rs ,n .48 F. r 9 8 a o tn he a tr d nt e n oms n Ge r i a wa p e s I c, 8 2d f 71 71 - 9 (t Ci.1 7 :. Th s fco sicu e ()t e tme a d lb re p n e ( )t 4, 7 1 5h r 9 4 e e a tr n l d : 1 h i n a o x e d d; 2 he novet anddifc t oft que tonsrie ( t s l rquie t pr rypef m t lga ly fiuly he si as d; 3) he kil e r d o ope l ror he e l s r ie rn e e ;()te atr e s o p ru iy c ssi p e sn t ei sa tl iain;( )t e vc s e d r d 4 h to n y ' p o tn t o t n r sig h n tn i g to 5 he t c tmayf ef rl wo k ( )t ea tr e 'e p cai n a teo te o t el iain ( )t uso r e o i ke r ; 6 h to n ys x e tto s t h u st f h i g to ; 7 he t tme l tto si s db t ecin o cr u tn e '( )t en u ti c nr v ry a d te i i ain mpo e y h l t r ic msa c s 8 h mo n n o to e s n h mi e , rs lso tie ; 9 t e peinc , e u ain, n a iiyo t atr e ( 0 t eu eia iiy e ut b an d ( ) he x re e rp tto a d b l f he to n y; 1 ) h nd srblt t o t ec s wihn telg lc mmu i i wh c t es i ao e ( 1 t n t r a d lngh o t e f h a e t i h e a o nt n ih h u t r s ; 1 ) he a ue n e t f h y p o e so a r lto s i b t e a tr e a d cin 'a d (2 al r y 'fe a r si smia r fsi n l eain hp ewe n to n y n le t n 1 ) tone s e wad n i lr , c es 1 as . d. l t sca e LaM onacaseeksan awar ofatom eys'f si t a o of$259, 2. 1 n hi s , 54 00. d t ee n he m unt I rs ns ,Tra ag e ( )t a teho ry rtsc r e b La o c ' atr e s u d b n epo e e d r u s 1 h t h u l ae hag d y M na a s to n ys ho l e rd c dt mo er a o b erts a d()t a ten mb ro h u sble b t eatm e ss o l e u e o r e s na l ae ; n 2 h t h u e f o r ild.y h to y h u d be r duc d t ac ount f r bl k bilng pr tc s vag tm e e re ; a duplc tve, e e o c o oc li aci e ; ue i ntis nd ia i um-as na e andunne es a y tme e ndiur s2 e o bl, . c s r i xpe t e . 1. H ourl R ates v La ona a s e c M c e ks ompe a i a t r t of$350. pe hourf wor pe f r e by ns ton t he a e 00 r or k r o m d Be s Shes ksc er . ee ompens to a t houry r t of$200. wo k pe f d by Koz ows . I a i n t he l ae 00 r ronne l ki n r pons ,Tr d a gue t tBe r ho l r t s dber uc d t $300. a t tKozows ' es e ea r s ha e s' ury ae houl ed e o 00 nd ha l kis houryr t s d ber duc t $1 00. l ae houl e ed o 50. !La o a ai iily s ug tat t l wa d o $ 0 8 2.0. Ho ve ,i r s n et Tr a sb ifi M n c n tal o h o a a r f 26 , 6 0 we r n e po s o e d' re n opposii t he moton,LaM onac a ee t thera t neys'bilng r dss d ber duc by4. hour t ton o r i a gr d ha tor li ecor houl e ed 2 so accountf cercale r scont ned i cerai tme e res or l i r or ai n t n i nti . 2 Thea mountoff esr e equesedbyLa onacai udes$2, 1 00f wor pe f med by par e sa t M ncl 1 2. or k ror algal t Gl Fel enn dman. Tr d doesnotchale t numbe ofhour bild f t pa al s'wor ort houryr t ea lnge he r s le or he r egal k he l ae c ge Accor ngl t f sbil f t par egalswor wilbei ude i t t ala har d. di y, he ee led or he al ' k l ncl d n he ot mountawar d t de o La onac M a. A pa t s ki af e a r mus pr t tt r ue t d ho l r t i r a ona e Se ry ee ng e wa d t ove ha he eq se ury a e s e s bl . e M c e ,738 F. a 91 W he de em i ng a r s na e r t ,t c r s ul c i r t Af e 3d t . n tr ni ea o bl a e he ou t ho d onsde he pr vaii m a ke r t i t r lva c muniy,a wela t ba kg o and e re eoft e lng r t a e n he ee nt om t s l s he c r und xpe inc he idviu latm e siv l d S e M is l iv.Jn n , U. 2 4 28 - 6 (98 ) S elv. n i d a to y n ove . e soz r e kis 491 S. 7 , 5 8 1 9 ; n l Mc a e,8 4 F, 1 0,1 0 (t Ci.1 8 ) Thep e al g make rt c n b e tbih d D nil 2 2d 38 4 2 4h r 9 7 . r v ii n r t ae a e sa ls e t ough e de eoft at m e 'bilngpr c ies co rs t f ea r i sm ia c e , nd hr vi nc he to ys li a tc , mpa ion o e wa ds n i lr as s a a fda t r ii f e ofcom s f o t r lva tc fi vis ectng e s t el r m he ee n omm uniy wih smia quaii to . Spel, t t i lr lfcai ns l 824 F. a 1 2d t 402. Aferr viwi t a fda t s t e e ng he f vis ubmit b t pa i a f a r i sm ia ca e , he ted y he rtes nd ee wa ds n i lr s s t c tfndst a ho l r t of$325. i r as bl f t w o k peror by Be r ,a t t our i hat n ury a e 00 s e ona e or he r f med e s nd ha a houry r t of $175. i r as bl f t w'r pe f m e by Kozl ki The c twil n l ae 00 s e ona e or he o k r or d ows . our l a y t s r t w he ca c a i t f e a a d i t sca e ppl he e a es n l ul tng he e w r n hi s . 2. N um be ofH our Expe d r s nde La ona a s e a t ne 'f esf nea l 900 hour bild by Be sa Kozows fom M c e ks tor ys e or ry s le er nd l ki r M a 1 201 tlough J y 1 201 a f a oxi ael 1 hour bil by Be r bewee J y y , 4 lr ul 2, 5, nd or ppr m t y 00 s led e s t n ul 1 , 01 a dNo e e à , 1 . Tosp o t e rq etLa n e ha sb te bln c at 3 2 5 n v mb r 0 20 5 u p rh r e u s, Mo a a s u mitd il g h rs i whih ls t tme pe , b i de c i i oft wor pe f med,hea mtoftm ee nde c it he i kee r a ref s rpton he k ror t mot i xpe d, a dted t o wh c t ewo kwa p ro d Tra ma e sv rl be to st tenl e o n h ae n ih h r s ef nue . e d k s e e a o j cin o h t r f mb h u scame b La o c . Thef lo ngo j cin wil s tie o r li d y M na a olwi b e to s lbe usan d. Fis , e a g st tt a t ne 'us ofbl k bilng f om M a 201 t ough J y 1 r t Tr ad r ue ha he tor ys e oc li r y 4 hr ul 2, 201 m a s i difc tt a c a e y as e st a ountoftm e s nton e c t s by t a t r ys 5 ke t f ul o c ur t l s s he m i pe a h a k he t o ne . Bl kbilngoc lr whenatr ysEum g ts t t ri tmee re rt rt nma ngs h oc li czs tone t pq a ks ogehe n i ntis ahe ha ki uc l e r e t k- t s ' M c f ,738 F. a 90. A lho h bl k bilng i notpr hi t d,isus nti s as by- a k. ' A ee 3d t t ug oc li s o bie t e i t ifv r db f d rlc u t. Lus v Vigni Pa e Co p, 6 F. u p. d 5 3 5 2( . s i sa o e y e ea o rs' d ' k . r i a n l r .9 S p 3 7 , 8 W D. Va 2 5 . Whe c n r ne wi b o k bii g o ohe f r o ia e u t d cu n ain, . 01 ) n o fo td t l c l n r t r o ms f n d q ae o tne tto h l Sc rs o tn r uc t f e a r by a ixe pe c nt ge srki a ba a e be we n t l k of tou t fe ed e he e wa d d r e a , ti ng l nc t e he ac s c fciy bl kbilng pr e sandt unf r sofde nga o he wie- o ry- a e f e pe ii t oc li es nt he aines nyi n t r s pr pe l gr nt d e a a d aloge he . El r r v of W e r Ciys LLC v. Li na Ce e s so he k I , N o. w r t t r' ' de be r be t vi nt r - ut as nc. 6:2 CV- 0 5 , 01 U. Dit LEXI 1 0 9 , t*1 ( . Va Aug 1 , 1 ) s eas L k, 1 - 0 0 2 2 4 S. s. S 1 4 2 a 1 W D. . . 1 20 4 ; e lo us 9 F. u p. da 5 3(e ucngttl e a r b afxe p r e t g t a c u t o c u e' u e 6 S p 3 t 8 r d i oa f e wad y i d ec na e o c o n f r o nsls s o bo kb l n ) f lc il g . i I i undiput dt tLa ona a' a t ne enga d i bl k bilng onm uli e oc aso ts s e ha M c s tor ys ge n oc li tpl c i ns be wee M a 1 201 a J y 1 201 I a e f r t r m e t s de ii nc c e we t n y , 4 nd ul 2, 5. n n f o t o e dy hi fc e y, ouns l nt ba k a trti la a tmpt d t a good f ih e tm a e oft br akdown ofholr e pe c fe ra nd te e o dd at si t s he e zs x nded o n dic e e t s durng a sngl day. As o he c t ha r c ni e ho ve ,Gti nih ont s r t a ks i i e t r ours ve e og z d, we r s s g i o i sbl t rconsmc ol bilnge ti a trtl ' M c e 906F.Supp. 48 500( D. mposi e o e t t d li nres cclaey. ' Afe, 2d 4, E. Va 20 2 , a ae i p r o oh rco n s 7 F.d 8 (t Ci. 01 ) Esi t so t s l . 1 ) v c t d n a t n te r u d , 38 3 1 4h r 2 3 . tmae f he o' t m a by c ms l whiea tm p ed i good f ih,S r ac l ltl m o et n g s swhe m a de ot e , l te t n at t e maly ite r ha ues e a n de f e re l d l or nti s ogge ong i t pa t' I n he s . d, Ac or ngl t a ount f r t s i deq t ' c di y, o cc o hi na uae doc e a i t c tfnds i a oprae t r uc t n um ntton, he our i t ppr it o ed e he mount of f s a r d f wo k ee wa de or r pe f m e fom M a 1 201 t J y 1 201 ror d r y , 4 o ul 2, 5. l a ton t bl k bilng,a he dif vor d bilng pr c ie i t us ofe es i y n ddii o oc li not r s a e li a tc s he e xc svel vague tm e des rptons Suc de c i i (i bi t co ts r as bl ne sr vi w ' a al o i ci i . h s rptons Gnhi t he ur ' e ona e s e e ' nd s çu tf a p r e tg r d cin i te fe a r e . As ly 1 o Ch re tn.LLC v PCS j siy e c na e e u to n h e wa d d' h e 1 f a lso ' . Ni o e I .No. 01 U.. s. t a n,nc, 2 5 S DitLEXI 9 3 5 a *( S. J y21 2 5 (iigc s s. r S 5 5 , t D. C. ul , 01 ) ctn a e ) The c tag ee wih Tr ad t tal r po ton ofpl ntf' c our r s t e ha a ge ri ai ifs ouns lstm ee re fom e ' i ntis r M a 1,201 t ough J y 1 201 a e e e svey va a i deq t y de c i t t s y 4 hr ul 2, 5 r xc s i l gue nd na uael s rbe he a ks pe f me by c ror d ouns l Exa e of s h e res i ude e ti s f ç es r h,'S um e e. mpl s uc nti ncl n re or ç ea c ' l r doc nt r vi w,'twor o dico r ' a ç ra pr pa ai n.' Bec us t s a o he va en re e e ' t k n s ve y, nd s il e r to ' ' t a e he e nd t r gue ti s pr cl t cour a Tr d f om m a ng a a ua e as e s e o t r as bl nes oft e ude he t nd ea r ki n deq t s s m nt f he e ona e s he tme e nde by La onac s a t ne ,t c tfnds i a o i t t f rhe r d e t i xpe d M a' tor ys he our t ppr prae o u t r e uc he a oun ofa tr ys f e a r f rwor pe f r e fom M a 1, 4 t J y 1 201 m t to ne ' e s wa ded o k rom d r y 201 o ul 2, 5. Th c u t l as s ti Tra ' o j ci nt La o a a sr q ssf rf e a s cae e o r wil lo usan e d s b e to o M n c ' e uet o e s s o itd wih t pe f ma e ofce t n ts t twe e ur c s rl pe f m e by he a t t he ror nc rai a ks ha r me es a iy ror d r tonwys. For i tnc ,La onac s c nsa e M a' ouns lbil f s ve a hour oftme s ntr s a c ng a dr fi a e led or e r l s i pe e e r hi nd a tng moton t q s s i o ua h ubpoe sduce t c ,whih we eis d t he c l phonepr de by Tr d. na s e um c r s ue o r e l ovi r ea The m o i wa i opery fl d i t sditi t r t rt n i t dititi whih c pla e ton s mpr l ie n hi src , a he ha n he src n c om i nc wi t s b o na wa rq ie S eFe R.Ci P.4 ()3 . Co n e ulmaey ee td t t he u p e s s e u rd. e d. h v. 5 d () u s l t tl lce o i w ihdr w t m oton a s n s ve a addii na hour dr fi a m oton t t t e f c . U nde t a he i nd pe t e r l to l s a tng i o ha f e t r t ecic tnc s t c t i i unr as bl t e c Tr adt pa t f sas oc ae wih hes r umsa e , he our fnds t e ona e o xpe t e o y he ee s i td t r s a c ng,dr fi a wihdr wi t m oto t qua h. e e r hi a tng, nd t a ng he i n o s Si ia l t c tno e t tLa ona s c e bil ove $5, 00 f tm e s nt m l ry, he our t s ha M ca' ouns l led r 000. or i pe rs e pondi t Tr a sm o i n t c ng o e d' to o ompela r l t m o i f rsausc e e e whi hwe efld nd e aed ton o t t onf r nc , c r ie a trLa o a a o j ce t tep o u to o c ran d c me t r q se i d s o r . Tra fe M n c b e td o h r d cin f e ti o u n s e uetd n ic vey e d e nt ly w ihdr w t m o i t c pe a tr La bna a a ee t pr de t r ve ua l t e he ton o om l fe M c gr d o ovi he eque t d se doc e s Be us Tr d' m oto may no ha bee ne es a y butf rLa ona si ta um nt . ca e ea s i ns t ve n c s r o M ca' nii l c le ha l ngest t pr o he oduc i oft r ue t d d um e s t co ' fnds i i ppr i t t a a d ton he eq s e oc nt , he ul i t na opr a e o w r t t f si ur ed i r s ndi t Tr a s m o i . he ee nc r n e po ng o e d' tons Tr a alociest anumbe ofi t nc i whih La onac s e t be a r d f esf ed s t o r nsa es n c M a e ks o wa de e or dr fi doc e s t twe e ne r pr ed or fl durng t co s oft ltga i For a tng um nt ha r ve oduc ied i he ur e he ii ton. i t nc LaM o c sc nsa e, na a' ouns lbil d f dr fi aprvieg l e nt e le or a tng i l e og, ve hough i i undiput dt ta ts s e ha pr vie 1 w a ne r pr i l ge og s ve oduce i t i t n c e. Si ia l La ona s couns s nt5. d n he ns a t as m l r y, M ca' el pe 2 ho s a acos of$1 1 00,dr tng am o i n t co lt twasne rfld. The c tag e s ur , t t , 30. afi to o mpe ha ve ie our r e w ih Tr a t ti s d n0tbe r s t e d ha t houl e pons bl f pa ng f wor t tw a uli at l f i e or yi or k ha s tm e y ound t be o klle e s r t t pr e uton Ofhe ca e. l l c s a y o he os c i l r s Fial,te c u twils san Tra s o jcin t a a r o f e fr ce ia ts s n ly h o r l u ti e d' be to o n wad f e s o lrc l a k pefnne b Ko lws i S clu t i t scr uth v deemie ta be a ep r l ceia ro d y zo k . û o rs n hi ic i a e tr n d h t c us u ey lrc l l ts aeo dn rl pato a1w o tc ' o ehe d ( ih i c v r d i t eho ry rt) te aks r r ia i r f a fi e s v r a , whc s o e e n h u l ae , h y y s d no be c houl t ompe aed f a a1. Two M e & a Tr c l '.I v.A M ove .I . N o. ns t or t 1' ' n u k/ntl nc. r nc, 2:4CV2 , 01 U. DitLEXI 4 4 3 a * 9( D. . r 7 20 5 (iigc s s; e as 1 48 2 5 S. s. S 5 7 , t 1 E. Va Ap . , 1 ) ctn a e ) s e lo J ndn , 91U. a 2 8n.1 (o igt a û rl ceia o s c eail akss o l n t bi e e l s4 S. t 8 0 n tn h tç ey lrc l r e rtra ts h ud o be l d pu l a ap rlg l ae r g r ls o whopef r t e '. Ex mplso ceia ts si cu e fln t a ae a rt, e ade s f roms h m' ) a e f lrc l a k n ld : iig doc e swih t c t is ng sl mons ,s n ng a ma lng doc e s r vi ng fl s um nt t he our, s ui lm es c nni nd ii um nt, e ewi ie f i or ton, i i pl adi ,or ni ng doc nt , r tngnot booksorfl s a s mblng or nf ma i prntng e ngs ga zi ume s c eai e ie , s e i bi s e a lng docum e s a m al ng l s i a t e nder , m ii nt , nd d ogi tc l el phone c l . Tw n M e & a Tr c cl t l als n u l/ n ', I .2 1 U. DitLEXI 45 73 a *1 (iigc s s. nc, 0 5 S. s. S 4 , t 9 ctn ae ) He e t bilng r c ds s r , he li e or ubmitd by La ona i l a numbe ofe ti sf clrc l te M ca ncude r n re or e i a t ks pe f m e by K oz ows . Suc t s i l as r or d l ki h a ks nc ude pr pmi not books o ga zi fl s e ng e , r ni ng ie , t lng' doc e s s he i de ii ,a m a ng o he t e t i ' um nt , c dulng pos tons nd ki t r el phone c l . The e t s of pul als s ype ceia ts s b l da t eh u l rt o a a s caej tf af rhe r d cini t efea r e lrc la k , il t h o ry ae f n so it,usiy u t r e u to n h e wad d e t LaM onaca. o Fort r s s ae t c ti una e t fnd t t e c a e r ho bil d by he ea ons tt d, he our s bl o i ha a h nd ve y ur le La o a' a t r ys f om M a M nac s to ne r y 201 t J y 1 , 201 w a r s nabl 3 I s h 4 o ul 2 5 s ea o e. n uc cru tn e ,S o rs mu t e e cs s t j d me tba e o k wld e o t c s a ic msa c s t u t s x r ie omd u g n s d n no e g f he a e nd c ltgai n e re e t r duc t nlmbe of hotr by a a oprae pe ce t .' I r ii to xpe i nc o e e he z r ls n ppr i t r n age' n e Ousd wal r Li g, 2F. u p 3 7 7 7 9( D. . 1 )( olci c s s. Ba e o t e tie l Tie t .5 S p . d 7 , 8 E. Va 20 4 c le t a e) sd n h i ng co tsr vi w oft r c dss it dby La ona a isknowldg oft c ea o he slke ur ' e e he e or ubm te M ca nd t e e he as nd t r i i, hec tfndsi a opraet r ducet num be ofho sbil d byBee sfom M a 1 201 t t t our i t ppr it o e he r ur le r r y , 4 o J y 1 201 by 1 pe c nt a t numbe o holr bild by Kozows durng t s m etme ul 2, 5 5 r e , nd he r f zs le l ki i he a i pe i b 20 per e .4 r od y c nt 3. Tot Fe Aw ar al e d Fo t r a onss tf rh a ve t c twilr ducet t t lnumbe ofhour bild by r he e s e o t bo , he our l e he o a r s le Be r t 348. a i wilr uc t t a numbe ofho s bild by Ko o kit 480. es o 76, nd t l ed e he ot l r ur le zl ws o 64. The e hour a t e e nd by t fnn' pa al l,whe combi d wih t a ia e s s nd hos xpe ed he i s r egas n ne t he pplc bl houry r t s pr l a e , oduce a l sa of $1 57100. Gi n t deg e of s es ac e d by ode tr 99, . ve he r e ucc s hive La na a t ec u tfn sta n f rh ra j sme to te ld sa i war ne i tei sa t Mo c , h o r id h t o u te du t n f h o etr s ra td n h n tn c e. Ac or ngl t co t l a r La ona a t ne 'f e i t a ountof$1 57100. as c di y, he ur wil wa d M ca tor ys e s n he m 99, . B. Lii i C o t t aaton s s La ona as s ekst r c rltgaton c t i t nmot of$1135 76. Tr d has M ca lo e o e ove ii i oss n he mt , 2. ea fldan mbe o o j cinst t erq e tdc ss Th f lo ngo j cinswil es ti d ie u r f b e to o h e u se o t. e olwi b e to l b usane . 3Bee s s e e albilng r dsfom J y 1 , 2015t Nove r30,201 do nots f fom t r ' upplm nt li ecor r ul 3 o mbe 5 ufer r he defcinci outi d a i e es lne bove. Ac di y,t r wilbenor cor ngl he e l educton i t hour bil durngt ttmeperod. i n he s led i ha i i 4Tot e e Tr ad al a guest tLaM ona scouns spe an e s i a ountoftme he xtnt e so r ha ca' el nt xce sve m i a werngdico r r ns i s ve y equess r e chi a dr tng LaM onac sbre i opposii t Tr ss t, es ar ng nd afi a' if n ton o ead' ummar y j d me tmoin a dp e a i f rtilTra so j ci i o er e a i Tra sobe to t teu eofwo u g n to , n rp rng o ra, e d' be ton s v ruld, s s e d' jcin o h s t a t ne t pr ec eLa onaca' cai . tor ys o os ut M s l ms Th c u t l s sanTr a ' o j cint t c n utto f e padt Dr NiaS e e e o r wi u ti e d s b e to o he o s lai n e s i o . n we n y l a Dr M a i eFihe . La ona s kst r cove $900. i co ula i a ti la a a e nd . urc s r M ca ee o e r 00 n ns t ton nd ra ppe r nc f espa d t D r Sw e ne Prort t i l t c tnzed t tD r Sw e ne c d onl t s i y a a e i o . e y. i o r a , he our l ha . e y oul y e tf s f ctwine s Co eq nty, heco tag e wih Tr adt tLa onac i note il t r c a t s . ns ue l t ur r es t e ha M as ntted o e over te$ 0 .0padf rDr Swe n y' tme Se Alxa d rv. as n 1 8F.d6 7 6 0(t Ci. h 9 00 i o . e e s i . e e n e W to , 2 2 2 , 3 4h r 1 4 )(Ex e ti t c s o e p r wi e s s wekn w o n a t rt whihwo l j tf a 9 2 l c p n he a e f x e t t se , t n o f o uho i y c u d usiy n a l nc t wine s i e e sofor na y wines f s ho ve val bl t i t si o ma lowa e o t s es n xc s di r t s ee , we r ua e her e tm ny y h v b e t tep risc ligte t tsiy.) Smial, e a s Dr Fih rwa n t tlz d a e e n o h a t aln h m o e tf ' . i lry b c u e . s e s o u i e e ' i a an e r i t sca e t cou tde i t awa d t $11 00 co ulai n f e c r d f hi s xpe t n hi s , he r clnes o r he 0. ns t to e ha ge or s tm e. i Th c u t l as s ti Tr a so j cint t ewi e sa d mie g fe padt Dr e o r wil lo usan e d' b e to o h t s n la e e s i o . n Fihe a Tonya Gis s r nd lon. Si La o a uli aey e e t d no t c l t s i vi uas a nce M nac tm t l l c e t o a l he e ndi d l s wines e a ti ,t c ta ee wih Tr d t ti s ul notbe txe t c t a s a e wih t s s t ral he our gr s t ea ha t ho d a d he oss s ocit d t t r a a a s To t e e Tr ad a s s ks t r ove m ie e f es pad t Ca olne hei ppe r nce . he xt nt e lo ee o ec r l ag e i o r i San a k o tr e o c so s Tra so j cin i s san d Net e Tr a ,n rte c u t i ti b c n h e c a in , e d' b e to s u tie . ih r e d o h o r, s a r ofwho St nba k i Ac r ngl Tr ad wilnotber uie t pa St i c sm iea wa e ai c s. co di y, e l eq r d o y anba k' l ge f es e . TO t e e tn Tra o j cst Oh rc ss s c a to e ble frc mp trz d lg l h xe t e d b e t o te o t, u h s h s i d o o ueie e a l rs ac on t ba i t ts h c t ae notrco r bl unde 28 U. C.j 19 Trad' e e rh, he ss ha uc oss r e vea e r S. 20, e s o j cinsaeo r ld (l er c v r o c ssi no lmie t t o eu d r2 U. C.j 1 20 be to r venl . ç- e o e y f o t s t i td o h s n e 8 S. e -h 9 whe e a t ne 'f s a e e es l aut i d by s a ut .' R e v.Em pow e nt Clni a & r tor ys ee r xpr s y horze tt e' dd nne i cl Cons tngSe v .LLC, 5U. Dit LEXI 87254,a * n. ( D. J y 6, ) uli r s, 201 S. s. S t 4 2 E. Va. ul 2015 23 (wadn fe a dc ssi ac s un e t eFMLA a Ti eVI o teCi iRih sAc o 1 6 ) a r ig e s n o t n a e d r h nd t l f h vl g t t f 9 4 . l Asrlva th r ,h FMLA s cfc l p o ie t a t ec u tçh l,na dto t a yj d me t ee n ee te pe i al r vd s h t h o r S ali d i n o n u g n i y s i a r dt t pli if alw ar s na eat ne sfe(ndqot rc t oft acint bepad wade o he antf, lo ea o bl tor y' e a he oss he to o i b te d fn a t' 29 U. C.j 2 7 a () l c s s iv li g smia sauo y p o iins y h ee d n . ' S. 61 ()3 . n a e n ov n i lz tt tr r v so , c t ha hel t tG ha ge f ...onlne r e r h m a pr l be i l ours ve d ha s r s or c i es a c y opery nc uded i a f e a a d.' n e w r ' Az rHil n en dCiie sNeg boho dAs ' v Co nyo Al n , 9F.d91 9 ( dCi. bo lCo c r e t n ih r o sn . u t f ba y 36 3 , 8 2 r z 2 0 ) se as N. Rih t LiePAC v Le ke 9 9 F.S p 2d 5 6 5 0 ( D. . 2 3 0 4 , e lo C. c t o f * . a ,3 u p. 2 , 3 E. N C. 01 ) (idn , s do e sig d cso i t eF u t Cic i ivovn fes it gp o so s ta fn ig ba e n xitn e iins n h o rh rut n lig e -hfi r vii n ,h t n t prvalngpli if i an a tonunde 42 U. C.j 1 3 wer e il t t f l a he e ii antfs n ci r S. 98 e ntted o he ul mountof c mputrz r s a c c t came ( D. . 201 ;W of v.Gre No.2: 01 201 o eied e e r h oss li d) E. N C. 3) le e n, 08- 023, 0 U.. s. S 1 2 2 a # 2( D. . . p . 4 2 0 ( tn t a C t e crui g neal S DitLEXI 0 6 3, t 4 S. W Va Se t 2 , 01 ) noig h tç h r ic t e rl o s y pemit r c v r o e pe s sf ro ielg l e e rhtr ug f es it gsau e b (olcig r the e o ey f x n e o nl e a rs ac h o h e -h fi ttts' c le tn n n ) c s s. Ac o dn l, e d' o j cini t i rg r wil eo rue . a e ) c r igy Tr a s be to n h s e a d lb ver ld I a or ncew ih t f r goi r i , he c t ila a d La o c ltga i n cos si n cc da t he o e ng ulngs t our w l w r M na a ii to t n t n ou of$1 1 69. Thec tfndss h c t t ber as bl a r ove a eunde t he m nt 0, 88. our i uc oss o e ona e nd ec r bl r he FM LA. S e ec, k 9 F.S p 3 a 5 3(wadngc ssi ten u to $ ,0 0 t a e . ..Lus , 6 u p. d t 8 a r i o t n h mo n f 96 2.4 o p an ifwhop e aldo asngeFMLA cam) litf r v ie n i l li . Concl on usi Fo t r a o ssae , e d' moinf r u g n a amatro lw o ,nteatr aie rhe e s n ttd Tra s to o j d me t s te fa r i h l n tv , e a ne ti lwilbe de e La ona a' r ue t f lqui t d d w ra l ni d; M c s eq s or i da e amage wilbe gr nt d;a s l a e nd LaM onac smoton f a t ne 'f esa c t wilbegr n e i pa'and de e i pa t a' i or tor ys e nd oss l a td n l t ni d n r. 24 La o c wilbe a r d lq da e dn a i t a M na a l wa de i ui t d m ges n he mountof$5 468.9,a a tr ys f e 4, 8 nd to ne ' e s a ltgai c t i t n o of$209, 69. nd ii ton oss n he m unt 759. TheClr i die t d t s nd c rii d co e oft sm e a um opi o a t e k s r c e o e e tfe pis hi mor nd ni n nd he a c pa ng or rt a lc c om nyi de o l ouns lo r or e f ec d. b/d y f amas 01 . EN TER : s l/ a o J r r 2 6 Thi / ChifUrie St t DititJ e lt d aes src udge

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