Hubbert v. Washington et al

Filing 57

MEMORANDUM OPINION. Signed by District Judge Michael F. Urbanski on 7/7/2016. (tvt)

CL S OFFI U,S. ST COURT
ERK'
CE
DI .
AT ROANOKE.
VA
FIED
L

I TI E UNI
x I
TED STATES Dl
sTm c' cocR'
r
r

JUL û8 2 1
26

F T wE lNl KmsIVISIroFVI NI B:
oR HE RO AEt E Dr O N RGI A t
s' Ox mc'
H A SSI H U BBERT ,
N
Pl ntf
ai if,

C i lA c i N o.7: c 00530
vi ton
14- v-

V.

M EM OR ANDUM O PI ON
NI

G .K .W A SH I T O N ,e al,
NG
t .
Defendant
s.

By:

Uut uR
or cEx
cu-

H on.M i hae F.U r
c l
bans
ki
Unied St es Di tri Judge
t
at
s ct

Has i Hubbe t aVigi ai a epr e ng pr K ,tl d aci lrght compl nt
sn
r, r ni nm t oc edi
o
ie
vi i s
ai

pus ntt 42 U. C.j 1 na ngvai cu ntan f mersafoft Vigi a
rua o
S.
983, mi reus ce d or
tf he r ni
De t ntofCoreci (:
parme
r tons û
VDOC' andRe Oni Stt Prs n (: dOni 'asdefnda s
'
)
d on ae io (
Re
on')
e nt.
Pl i ifc pl nst thi c as ii a i a i a ce a i a Sec iy Le S i Red Oni
a ntf om ai ha s l s fc ton nd nc r r ton t urt vel n
on
be w e Aug t201 a O c ober201 vi a e t Ei t a Fouree h Am e e s oft
t en
us
3 nd t
4 ol t d he gh h nd
t nt
ndm nt
he

Uni d Sae Co si to .Dee d n sfldamo inf rs mmayj d me t a dPli tf
t tts n tt in fn a t ie
e
u
to o u r u g n , n anif
rs
e ponde m a ngt m at rrpe f diposton.Afe r viwi t r cor t cour gr nt
d, ki he te i or s ii
tr e e ng he e d, he
t a s

temo inf rs mmayj d me ta t t eEih hAme d n cam, e isi a t t e
h to o u r u g n s o h g t
n me t li d n e t s o h
Foure h A m endm e c a m ,a r quiesaddii lbr e i
t ent
nt l i nd e r
tona i fng.
1.

On Augus l 2013, a ntf w a m ove i o t s i hous ng uni a Ke M ount i
t 4,
Pl i if s
d nt he pec al
i
t t en
an

Co r to Ce e (i CC' duet a uns cfe ç ndi i siain. I i notcea
recinal ntr 1
KM '
)
o n pe iid t ng nvetg to ' t s
pe
'
lr
w he he t t a f rw a r l t t a i tt i li tga i n com m enc a K M CC a ound
t r he r ns e s e a ed o n ns iutona nvesi to
ed t
r
t s e tm e t det ne w het i at cons r t m urderanot i at and al o ki
he am i o enni
her nm es
pi ed o
her nm e
s dnap,

e c pe,a m ur rt KM CC W a de Pl ntf a l ge t thi m ove i o t s c a hous ng
sa
nd
de he
r n. ai i f le s ha s
nt he pe i l
i
uni ha not ng t do w ih t ti tt i
t d hi o
t ha ns iutonali tga i A lhough no i tt i lc r
nves i ton. t
ns iutona ha ges
wer l
e odge a ns Pl ntf ,KM CC of i a sr om m e d t tPl ntf be t m por r l
d gai t ai i f
fci l ec
nde ha ai i f e
a iy

tanse r d t Red Oni n,whih occ r d t ne da Pl ntf al ge t heha notr ceve
r fre o
o
c
ure he xt y. ai if le s hat
d
e i d

a i tt tona c r f am os t ye sbe or t ta f .
n nsiu i l ha ge or l t wo ar f e he r nser
Pl ntf w a c i i ad i s r tve s gr ga i upon a rvi a Re Oni n pendi
ai if s onfned n m ni t a i e e ton
r i ng t d
o
ng

ani talca sfe inr e byRedOni sl tt i lCls ii to Aut iy(1CA' .
nii lsiiato eviw
on' nsiutona a sfcain hort ç '
I )
Unde VDOC Opeai Pr e e(t ' 830.,t 1 i rs i ef c
r
rtng oc dur ç ) 1 he CA s e ponsbl or onduci
OP'
tng
c as ii a i he i a r e s I hea i m ay be hel i onnaly,lke f ran a
l sf c ton arngs nd evi w . CA
rngs
d nf
l i o
nnual

r ew,orm a r quiea f malduepr es he i whih occ sf r a onslker m ov fom
evi
y e r or
oc s arng, c
ur or e s
i e al r
ge r popul i or c ngi a cl s ii aton l velout i ofan a
ne al
aton
ha ng a s fc i e
s de
nnualr vi w . OP 830.
e e
1

r quiest tan i ae r c venotc wihi f t e g hour ofa f
e r ha
nm t e ei
ie t n ory- i ht
s
onna duepr es he i
l
oc s arng
a be alowed t a t nd t f
nd
l
o te he onna hea i t r ai s l ,t hav a couns ororot
l rng, o em n ient o e
el
her
e pl e pr entt a s hi , o r c ve a c oft d i i and t a a t dec son.
m oye es o dvi e m t e ei
opy he ec son,
o ppe l he i i
W he conduc i a i a e' c as ii aton r e ,t 1 f w a ds onl a r c m e ton
n
tng n nm t s l s tc i evi w he CA or r
y e om nda i
f s c iy cl s ii aton. Exce f as i ent t Leve S,a w a den orde i e r vi w se h
or e urt a s fc i
pt or s gnm s o
l
r
s gne e e ac
I r c m e to a ha t di c e i t appr ordi a ove t I ' r c m e to
CA e om nda i n nd s he s r ton o
ove
s ppr
he CA S e om nda i n

f s c iyl c nges TheVDOC' Ce r Cl sfc tonSe vce (1 'a ovesor
or e urt evel ha .
S ntal asiiai r i s $
CSS' ppr
)
di a oves a s gnm e st Le S a m a ove de m a t y r ti t sori a e
s ppr
si
nt o vel nd y ni
nda or esr c or
nm t
as i nen c ie i . O nc a s gne t s gr ga i , t l r vi w st i a e' s a us a l as
s gm t r t r a 1
e s i d o e e ton he CA e e he nm t s t t t e t
once e r ni t days I de e m i ng w he he t ext nd s r ton s a usf a he ni t
ve y ne y
. n t r ni
t r o e eg ega i t t or not r ne y

dayperod,t I s d c i r it rala, he r as f t as i e , he i a e'
i he CA houl onsde , n e i t e on or he s gnm nt t nm t s
-

be vi ,t i t spr es madet r ca eplnobe tves a whehe t i t pos
ha or he nmae' ogr s
owad s a j ci s nd t r he nmae es
a t ea t i tt i ls f t a s urt
hr t o nsiutona a e y nd ec iy.

'An i aem a a ala I ca sfc i de son vi adm i sr i greva s and a wa de m a
nm t y ppe n CA ls iiaton cii a
nitatve i nce ,
r n y
a
ppealaCCS cas ii tondecii t t Die t ofOfe
l sfcai
son o he r cor
fnderM a gem e Se vie
na
nt r c s.

2

Le S i nota s or s urt l lbuti as c a pum os b a sgnme ,a Re
vel s
c ed ec iy eve
s pe i l
e ed s i
nt nd d
Oni i t onl VDOC f ciiy t hous sLe S a Leve 6 i e . Re Oni sLev S
on s he y
a lt hat
e vel nd
l nmats d on'
el
i a esa e gi t opporuniy t pa tci t i t d le Se i ,'a goa - r e e
nm t r ven he
t t o r i pa e n he i l nge res'
cha
l o i nt d,

i ntve bas s e ton housng pln r quii i aest compl et sudy ofpr s a
nce i - ed egr ga i
i
a e rng nm t o
et he t
o- ocil
goa sa s n wor
l nd eve
kbooks W he i t se bi postvebe vi sa s ce d i c
.
n mna e xhi t ii
ha or nd uc e n ompl tng
ei
t e tbls d g soft pr a , he a e r wa de wih mor prviege vi ar duc i i
he sa ihe oal he ogr m t y r e r d t
e i l s a e ton n
t i s c iy cl s ii a i
he r e ur t a s f c ton.
Red Oni s Le S i a esa e a s s d a a s gne t t f l i s c iy
on' vel nm t r s es e nd s i d o he olow ng e urt

cls ii to ,lsedfom mos t l s rsrci l ensveM a eme ($M ' 1 - l - ,
a sfcains it r
t o eat e titve: nt i
nag nt 1 ' M 0, M 1
l )
1 - a I M 2, nd M SL6;a Spe ilM a men (i ' SM- ,SM - ,a SM - 2 SM I ts
nd ca nage t 1SM '
) O
I nd 2.
nmae
m a pr e st Leve 6 Ge a Populton Stucur Li ng- e 1a Pha e2,a
y ogr s o
l
ner l
ai
r t ed vi phas nd s
nd
gr duato fom t s fna s a m akest i a e elgi e t be as i d t Le 5 a be
a i n r hi i l t ge
he nm t i bl o
s gne o vel nd
hous d i a t a tona ge r lpopul ton s ti How e r I i a esar note i bl f rt
e n r dii l ne a
a i e tng.
ve , M nm t e
lgi e o he
2I i aesaet ei aes
M nm t r hos nm t :

wi te poe t l fr e te a do d a l voe c ll ( h y ma h v a
t h tni o xrme n /r e dy iln e. Tle
h
a
y ae n
i ttt n laj sme thsoy idc t gtec p blyfre te /edl voe c
nsi i a du t n itr n iai h a a ii o xrmed a y iln e
uo
n
t
a ns sa for ot r ofende s Thi gr p mos oûe woul ha a exensve
gai t tf
he f r . s ou
t n
d ve n t i
c i nalhit y a lf t e t thase caaed s t texteme/ a y vi enc has
rmi
sor nd iesyl ha
s lt o ha r de dl ol e
be
come a be or lchaacersi Thepot talf exte e ordea y vi e i
havi a
r t itc.
en i or r m
dl olnce s

n t ei n td d s ie te ofn e' d i isi t n l aj sme t e e whe
o l ae ept h fe d rs al ntt i a du t n v n n
mi
y
uo

pr dig m or t n a ye or c plant polt, a c r tve be vi a
ovi n
e ha
ar
om i , ie nd oope ai
ha or nd
att
tiude. Aler tvel t ofende m a pr e a r i y dir i and
t na i y, he f r y es nt
outnel suptve
t r at ng patrofbe orand att
h e eni
te
havi
tiude. Alo i udesofende si r r td f
s ncl
f r ncace ae or
ano o i c i t tput t m a rs fom o h ofende s
t rous rme ha s he t ik r t er f r .
SM i aesa et ei aes
nm t r hos nm t :

wh ma ds ly a i ttto a a j sme thitl idctn rp ae dsu tv
o y ipa n nsiuin l dut n soy n iaig e etd ir pie
b
ehavi a l rl f ltes ahit y ofsghtng w ih sa forofe s and/
or t owe evel aciii , sor
i
t tf
fnder, or
vi e dir i be ora l
olnt s uptve havi t owerl f iii ,a hit ' offghtng w ih s a for
evel ac ltes
sol
y i i
t tf
ofende s and/ vi e r it e t r a saf i e ve i r s tng i har t
f r . or olnt essanc owa ds t f ntr nton e uli n m o
saf,ot rofende sw ihou t it ntt i
t f he f r t t he n e o nvokes i ham ort i e t kil or
erous r
he ntnt o l,
s i da age t t f ciiy, and whe e r as bl i e ve i a t l
erous m
o he a lt
r e ona e nt r ntons t he ower
s urt lvelha notbe n s ce suli elm i tng dir i be or .
ec iy e
ve
e uc s f n i nai suptve havi s
l e i I - orSM - e bi i ppr it be vi orchoos nott pa tci t i t se
nmats n M O
O xhi t na oprae ha or
e
o ri pae n he tpdow npr am . Cons ue l t y do notbe i fom t sepogr
eq nty, he
neft r he t down pr r m m i a i t d r ei
og a ng nd nsea ec ve
t bascr r
he i equiement afor t i e i VDOC s alhousng unis
s f ded o nmats n
peci
i
t.

3

se down t Le l6 sr t e lvi l t a I i aesgr duae t t 1 - Cl e Pod,
t po ve tucur d i ng. nse d, M nm t a t o he M SL6 os d
whih gi sI i e pos i y f ci l t r housngathi h s urt t opporu t f a
c ve M nmats sbl a ng ong e m
i
g ec iy he
tniy or
bet rqualt oflf . I orSM i t swho do nots if pr a c ie i ata tm ec n be
te
iy ie M
nma e
ats y ogr m rt ra ny i a
r t ne t ahi rc a sfc ton eiherby ade son oft Uni M a eme Tea , ,f
e ur d o ghe l s iia i t
cii
he t nag nt m or or
s rousi r c i orr peaed i r nsge e,i e a e y byt Buidi Supe vio a t n
e i nfa tons e t nta i nc mm dit l
he l ng
r s r nd he
r vi wed by t Uni M a ge e Tea . I c r s ,i a e w ho c pl t es a i hed goa s
e e
he t na m nt m n ont a t nm t s
om e e t bls
l

oft pr r m m a ha t rs urt cas ii a i r duc d t Lev 6,atwhih poi t
he og a
y ve hei ec iy l s fc tons e e o el
c
nt he
i na e i pl ce i o a gr s ti a r c ve m a oft s m e prvie asi a e i t
m t s a d nt
oup e tng nd e ei s ny he a
i l ges nm t s n he
ge a popul ton. l t i na e com pl est Le 6 pr a ,t i a e m a be s e
ner l
ai
f he m t
et he vel ogr m he nm t
y
t pped
dow n t Leve 5 a pl e i t ge r popul ton.
o
l nd ac d n he ne al
ai
W hie c i i Red Oni s a fc
l onfned n
on, t f onduc e num e ous l A hea i t r vi w
td
r
C
rngs o e e

Pl ntf housng sat a s c iy l vel
ai ifs
i t us nd e urt e .Spectc ly,t r lva l he rngsoc ured i
ii a l he ee nt CA a i
c r n
20l3 on A ugus 1 a 26,Se e be 24,a N ove be 4;i 201 o J nua y 31 A prl8, ul
t 9 nd
pt m r
nd
m r n
4 n a r , i J y
3 a 30,Se em be 4 a 25,a O c ober 1 a 1 Pl ntf c endst tt he r ngsw e e
nd
pt
r nd
nd t
4 nd 5. ai i f ont
ha he a i
r

t r tay, t rone , é a ngls rja as m'be us t y c i dhi beived-oi birr ' i r ous' k ni e s, nd ha ' ca e he ontnue s le t be
a
'e
' me
un c s r s r ton e afe t KM CC i si aton had c
ne es a y eg ega i ven tr he
nve tg i
omplt d wihoutr s tng i
ee t
e uli n
any c r a ns hi . Pl i i falo a l ge t the r pea edl w a de ed t f r y- i ht
ha ge gai t m
a ntf s le s ha
e t y s ni he o t e g

hour 'a nc notc bef r 1 he rngsa t opporuniy t be he r d i t hea i .
s dva e i e o e CA a i
nd he
t t o
a d urng he rngs
A non- e ntc
def nda onduc e Pl ntf si ta 1 he r ng on Aug t 1 201 Pl i if
t d ai i f nii l CA a i
us 9, 3. a ntf
w aspr enta t he rng a s a e he di no know why he wasa Re Oni a t the w a
es
t he a i nd t t d
d t
t d
on nd ha
s
no c r ed w ih a di c plna y i r c i a KM CC . The ne da t I r om m e d t t
t ha g
t
s i i r nf a ton t
xt y, he CA ec
nde ha

Pl i ifr m an i a i sr i e s e ton pe ng r c dsr e a a o it housng
a ntf e i n dm nitatv egr ga i
ndi e or eviw nd ppr pra e
i
a s gnm e . D e e
si
nt
f ndantY ounc a ove t r c m e i on A ugus 22, 3.
e ppr d he e om ndaton
t 201

You eco
nc nduc e t 1 hea i on Augus 26,201 a lgedl outi e ofPli ifs
t d he CA
rng
t
3, le y sd
antf
pr e
es nce.Two daysl t r You er omm e d t Pl ntf bea sgne t Le S ba e on
a e , nc ec
nde hat ai if s i d o vel s d
t r ce ta f rf pos i e i tt i nali r tonsatKM CC.De e ant Re Oni n
he e nt r ns e or sbl nsiuto nfaci
f nd s d
o
A s i t ntW a de W a r h a Re onalOpe a i Chi f G. .W a hi on a ove t s
ssa
r n lat nd gi
r tons e K
s ngt ppr d hi

r comm e ton On Augus 30 a Se e r26,201 r s c i l
e
nda i
t nd pt mbe
3, e pe tve y.
Pl ntf a lgest ton Se e
ai if le ha
pt mber1 201 Youncei or
8, 3,
nf med Pli ifoft
a ntf he
cl s ii ton de s on. Pl ntf a ked Younce w hy he w a a s gne t Le S e n t
a s fca i
ci i
ai i f s
s s i d o vel ve houg t
h he
K M CC i tga i ha cl ar d Pl ntf ofwr
nves i ton d e e ai i f
ongdoi Younc a l ge y s d t t
ng.
e le dl ai hat he
W a de di notexpl i t r i al t hi :
r n d
a n he aton e o m

Ho e t , n 1d n' k o 1m j s f lo n o d r.Th W a d nt l me
n sl ma , o t n w. ' u t ol wi g r es e r e od
y
t cl s f you as a Le lCS' of e r a t s nd you t C- l ng t do
o as iy
ve I ' f nde nd o e
o Buidi o
t Chale
he
l nge Sere be vi pr a .... The e s no r tona e. I don'
i s ha or ogr m
r'
ai l
t
know w hy t W a de ... sm a ng m e do t s t yo when t i tga i
he r n
i ki
hi o u
he nves i ton

ce r da d y udd tr c iea y c ag s I 1wa y , 'd wrt i u a d
lae n o in' e ev n h r e . f s ou I(j ie t p n
go al t w a
l he y.
Pl i iff uls Y o e f notc
a ntf a t unc or
onduc i a pr
tng
operl hea i w ih a nce notc and
CA
rng t dva
ie

Pl i ifspr s nc a f t de e n M uli who, Pl n ifsc
antf
e e e nd auls f nda t lns
as aitf ouns or wa r s nsbl
el , s e po i e
f pr e tng Pl ntf sduepr es rght .Pli ifas f ulsW a den M a he bo h f
or ot c i
ai if
oc s i s a ntf lo a t
r
t na t or
o derng Y ounc t i e e Pl i if scl s fca i de pie t conc us on oft K M CC
r i
e o ncr as a ntf
as ii ton s t he
l i
he
i s i a i a f notcor e tng t e r s a t rr vi ng Pl i if s r gul rgre
nve t g ton nd or
r c i he r or f e e ewi
a ntf e a i vanc a
e bout
t cl s ii a i de i i Pl i ifal o f ulsW a r t W as ng on,a Regi l
he a s fc ton c s on. a ntf s a t
la h,
hi t
nd
ona
A dm i s r orH i e f r a ovi eiherYounce' c a s fc ton r om m e ton orM a he s
ni tat
nkl o ppr ng t
s l s ii a i ec
nda i
t na'

rj tonofPl ntf sg iva e.
eeci
ai if re nc

Def nda Swi t Uni M ana rofRed Oni sC- l ng, e ewed Pl i ifs
e nt ney, he t
gc
on' Buidi r vi
antf
s cu iy lvelonN ove r4,201 a r commende t Pl ntf be hous d i Le lS at
e rt e
mbe
3, nd e
d hat ai if
e n ve

S - ( a e o n e i galng rp ro o sa l a j sme t' wi ya p o e hso
M I t sd n e d n o e eid f tbe du t n .
b
'S ne p r v d i wn
r c m e i t s m e da Pl i ifc pl i t tt he r ng vi a ed due pr es be us
e om ndaton he a
y. a ntf om a ns ha he a i
ol t
oc s ca e
he di no r ce ve f t ei hour 'a
d t e i ory- ght
s dvanc notc ort opporuniy t be pr e . Pl i tf
e i e he
t t o
es nt a n if
f t c pl i t he s d ha ha hi 1 c as ii a i he r ngseve y t ry days not
urher om a ns hat houl ve d s CA l sf c ton a i
r hi t
,
onc e r ni t da .
e ve y ne y ys
D e e ntLt D a c
f nda
. y onduct d t ne I hea i a Pl ntf sc ldoor o J
e he xt CA
rng t ai if el
n anua y 31
r ,
201 w ih Pl i i fs c
4, t a ntf ouns l ,de e
e or f ndan K e e pr e . Lt D a r co m ende t tPl i tf
t gl y, es nt . y e m
d ha a n if

rman h u e i Le e Sa ' M - 'ç a e o n e i galn e peido sa l aj sme t'
e i o s d n v l t C I'd s d n e d n o g r ro f tbe du t n .
S
b
'
Lt Day a lge y a
.
le dl nnounce he de ii a waked a y be or Pl i ifha t opporuniy
d r c son nd l
wa f e antf d he
t t
t s y anyt ng. Def nda K ibour appr d t r c m e to on Fe ua y 28,201
o a
hi
e nt l ne
ove he e om nda i n
br r
4.
Pl ntf f uls Lt D a K e e a K iboum e f pe m itng t ç ha ' he r ng t r ul i hi
ai if a t . y, gl y, nd l
or r ti he t m ' a i o es t n s
s

c i d c i menta Le lS a notha ng atmea ngf ' r vi w e r t ry days
ontnue onfne
t ve nd
vi
' ni ul' e e ve y hit
.
Lt Da alo r vi
. y s e ewed Pli ifss urt lve on Aprl8,201 r c
antf ec iy e l
i
4, e omm e ngt t
ndi ha

Pan ifb r d c dt Le e S a S - b s do n e i ako g rp ro of tbl a j sme t
litf e e u e o v l t M 2 a e n e dng ç n e e id sa e d u t n
l
and t m e tt r quie e soft s e dow n pr r m . Def nda Tunw r a Uni M a
o e he e r m nt
he t p
og a '
'
e nt
,
t nage ,
r
a ove t r co m enda i on Aprl22,201 A ga n, ai iff uls Lt D a a Tur rf
ppr d he e m
ton
i
4.
i Pl ntf a t . y nd ne or
pe ti t Ss ' hea i t r s ti hi c i d co i m en a Le lS a notha ng a
nnitng he tham ' rng o e ul n s ontnue nfne t t ve nd
vi
lm eani -l'r ew evel t rt days.
s
ngf ' evi
u
. hi y
y

De enda Tur rr vi w e Pl i if s s curt l velon J y 3,201 Fo da l t r
f
nt ne e e d a ntf e iy e
ul
4. ur ys a e ,
Tu ne r com m ende t Pl i ifbe i e e t Le S a 1 - eve t gh Pl ntf had ha
r re
d hat a ntf
ncr as d o vel t M 1 n hou
ai i f
d

ar dy be r duce t Le lS SM - ha c plt d t Cha lnge Se i f l - a ha
lea
en e
d o ve
2, d om e e he le
res or M 0, nd d
r m ai d cha ge fee. Tur ra oved hi own r c m e ton t s m e da Pl i if
e ne
r r
ne ppr
s
e om nda i he a
y. a ntf
be i vesTunw ri r as d hi c as ii ton be us de e nt Ar rp a M a he s ea
le
nc e e s l s fca i
ca e f nda s ti nd t na pr d

unf
ounde r or t tPl i ifc piedt ki
d um s ha antf ons r o dnap,e c pe,a mur rt KM CC W a den,
sa
nd
de he
r
e t
ven hough Pl ntf a l ge y ha m ont ea le ,s
ai i f le dl d,
hs ri r hown Tu ne t i tga i r por f om
r r he nvesi tve e t r
K M CC exone a i hi ofa w r
r tng m
ny ongdoi Pl ntf c ude t tt hea i w asa Ss '
ng. ai if oncl s ha he rng
tham '

be us i wa ba e onlalefct a sgleg i omai 'l tds conds anddi notalow
ca e t s s d ' s a s nd ta l j nfr ton,'ase e
f
,
d
l
hi t o
m he pporuniyt behe r
t t o
a d.
Tur ra s r vi w e Pl ntf ss curt l ve o Se e be 4,201 O n Se e be 29,
ne l o e e d ai if e iy e l n pt m r
4.
pt m r
201 Tur rr com m ende t tPl ntf r ai i Le lS a l - , he appr d hi own
4, ne e
d ha ai i f em n n ve t M 1 and
ove s
r com m enda i on t s e da
e
ton
he am
y.
I l t Se e be 201 Red Oni n s a fr c ve notc f om s a fa a s ci
n a e pt m r 4,
o t f e ei d i e r
t f t pe al
i s i tonsuni t tPl i i fha no be n c r a a r s tofK M CC ' i tga i
nve tga i
t ha a ntf d t e ha ged s e ul
S nves i ton.

Cons quenty,anon- f ntconduc e a i e i l hea i on Se e r25,201 a
e
l
de enda
t d n nt rm CA
rng
pt mbe
4, nd
r om m e d t tPl i ips s urt l velbe r
ec
nde ha a ntf ec iy e
educ d f om Le S t Leve 6.3 w arde
e r
vel o
l
n

M a he a ove t r commenda i t ts me da notng,s- i or ton r a e t
t na ppr d he e
ton ha a
y, i ç-he nf ma i elt d o
l

g an ifs a sg me t o gvv l 1 h sb e ce rdu Theeloe sn eheh sc mpltd
plitf ) si n n t le e) S' a e n lae p. r gf r , i c
a o ee
t Ch le g g eis 1 l p o e shm t S 6.( anif a dIa r e , 6wa t ec re t
he aln e slre , wil r c s i o L Plit l n g e d SL
f
s h o rc
pr es i f rhi durng amee i on Septm be 24t '
ogr son o m
i
tng
e r h.
'
N earl t
y hree w eeksl eron Oct
at
ober 1 201 Lt D ay r ew ed Pl ntf s
4, 4, .
evi
ai i fs ecuriy l
t evel

and r om m e d t tPl i ifbe a s g d t Stuct e Li ng Phas liba e on c pl ton
ec
nde ha a ntf
s i ne o r ur d vi
e l sd
om e i

ofChalngeSei ,90da c r fe , a a ovedbyDTT.'Tur ra ovedt
le
res
ys ha ge reg) nd ppr
' ne ppr
he
3Thi r om mendai w a adoptd on Ocobe 1 , 201
s ec
ton s
e
t r5
4.

7

de ii t s m eda On Oc obe 1 201 anon- e ntr commende Pl ntf ss c iy
c son he a
y.
t r 5, 4,
def nda e
d ai if e urt
cas ii a i ber ed fom Leve S t Le l6,whih W a de M ahe a ove on t ne
l sfc ton educ r
l o ve
c
r n t na ppr d he xt
day.4
Il.

De e d n sag et t h yaee tt dt q aiidi nt a ds mma yj d me t A
fn a t r u ha t e r n ie o u l e mmu iy n u r u g n .
l
f
p ryi e tte t s mmayj d me t f h pe dng ,heds o eya dds l s r maeil o
at s n ild o u r u g n i t e la i s t ic v r n ico u e tras n
tl ,a any a fda t s
i e nd
fi vis how t tt r i no ge ne diput ast a m ae ilf t Fed.R. v.
ha he e s
nui s e o ny tra ac .
Ci

P.56() s eW ilamsv.Grfi 95 F. 820,823( hCi.1 )(e og zngapat i
a; e li
ifn, 2 2d
4t r 991 r c nii
ry s

e tt dt s mmayj d me ti ter c r a awh ec udno la arto a tiro fc t
nil o u r u g n f h e o d s ol o l t e d ain lre f a t o
e
fndi fvoroft non- nt.i aei fcs' r t efcsne esayt e tbls t
i na
he mova ) t tral a t'ae hos a t c s r o sa ih he
M
eeme sofapa t sca eofa ton. Ande s v. be t Lthbysl , U . 242,248
l nt
ry' us
ci
r on Li ry l
nc.477 S.

( 986) A g nediput ofmaera fc e ssi,i viwi t r or a alr s bl
1 . enui s e
t il a t xit f n e ng he ec d nd l ea ona e
i e enc dr w n t r f om i a lghtm os f vor e t t non- ovi pa t a r as
nf r es a
he e r n i
t a abl o he
m ng ry, e onabl f ct
ea fnde c d r t n a ve di f t non- ova . I The m ovi pa t ha t bur n of
i r oul e ur
r ct or he
m nt d.
ng r y s he de
s
howi - l ha i ,poi i outt t dit i tc t t tt r i a a e ofe de t
ng ' t s ntng
t
o he s rc our - ha he e s n bs nce vi nce o

s ppor t nonmovi pa t sc e' Ceotx Cor v.Cart,477U. 31 325( 986) l t
u the
ng ry' as .' l e
p.
tet
S. 7,
1 . f he
m ova s ts i s t sbur
nt a if e hi
den,t n t non- ovan m us s tf t s cii f t t tdem ons r t
he he
m
t
t e orh pe fc ac s ha
ta e

t e senc ofage nediput offc f ti .J ,a 322- A c tma notr ol
he xit e
nui s e a t or ral J- t 24. our y
es ve
di put d f c s w ei t e de e orm a de e m i tons ofc e biiy. Rus e lv.M i r
s e a t , gh he vi nc ,
ke t r na i
r di lt
sl
c odyne
4A Sa Level6 Pha e l i e, Pl n ifw a hous i a sngl c lw a unr sr nedf s
s nmat aitf s
ed n i e el, s e tai or howe sa
r nd
rcr tonsha gr ou sder crato f onehourt c pe wee hadgr i i r r tonf o hourwhen
e eai
d oup t i e e in or
wie r k,
oup nsde eceai or ne

teewa n o ti rcet ,n cudwakt tediigh lwi ohrimae frmel.OnJn aj7 201,
h r s o usde erai ad o l l o h nn al t te n tso as aur , 5
on
h
Plitfwa asg e t Srcue LiijPhs 2 OnApi2 , 01,h I rc mme ddtaPlitfb
anif s sin d o tutrd vn ae .
rl 2 2 5 te CA eo n e ht anlf e
rasg e t Lee 5 teeyasg ighm t Re Onin'gn rl o uain Dee dn Mahn ajo e ta
esin d o vl ,hrb sinn 1 o d o s eea p p lto . fn at tea prvd h t
rcom mendai o Aprl30,201 AsofM a c 20l Pl ntf ha be hous a Ri N orhCore tonal
e
ton n
i
5.
r h 6, ai if s en
ed t ver t
r cl
Cent .
er

Cor , F. 1 1 ( hCi.1 ;Sos be v.Muphy, F. 1 18 ( h Ci.
p.65 3d 229, 239 4t r 995) e e
797 2d 79, 2 4t r
1 .l tad,ac ta e sastuet e de eoft non- ngpa t a r ol a1
986) nse
our cc pt r he vi nc he movi ry nd es ves l
i e na c lc sa i e e
nt r l onf i t nd nf r ncesi t non- ovi pa t sf vor
n he
m ng ry' a .Cha bonna de Fr nc v.
r
ges
a e

Smih,597F. 406,41 ( h Ci.1 .
t
2d
4 4t r 979)
Quai i
lsed mmuniypemisi r ntofii spefr ngdicei r
t r t û nme fcal ro mi s rtonay
gove

f tons...(obe s ede fom la lt frcvi da ge i ofrast rco uc doesnot
unci
t 1 hil d r ibiiy o i l ma s ns a hei nd t
vi a ec e ry e tbls d sat o yorconsiutonalrght ofwhih a r as
olt l a l sa ihe t ut r
tt i
i s
c e onabl pe s woul
e r on
d

ha known. Hal v. tceal 457U. 8 818( 98 .Onc adeenda r ie t
ve
' row Fiz r d,
'
S. 00,
1 2)
e f nt as s he
qualfed i muniy de e e, pl n ifbea st bur nt s
ii m
t f ns a aitf r he de o how t ta de e ntsc
ha
f nda ' onduc
t

vi ae t pl ntf srg .Br ntv.Mut 994F. 1 2,1 ( hCi.1 )
oltd he ai if iht va
h,
2d 08 086 4t r 993 .
11
1.

Pl ntf a guest tt c tonshe e re e w hie s gr ga e a Le lS c tt ed
ai if r
ha he ondii
xpe i nc d
l e e t d t ve ons iut

c u a u ua punihm e i vi ai n oft Ei ht a Fouree h Am e
r el nd nus l
s nt n ol to
he g h nd
t nt
ndme s Pl i if
nt . antf
f t ra g st thi s e ton a Le lS vi a ed due pr es pr ec ed by t Fouree h
ur he r ue ha s egr ga i t ve
ol t
oc s ot t
he
t nt
A m endm e .
nt
A.

k -l eDu P o e sClu egft F u te t Ame d nla fr (n imae n
srh e r c s a s o he o re n h
g
n me t fo ds a n tj o
gr a erpr t c i t n doest Cnz la Unus Pu s e sCl us ' w he t ti a e
et
o e ton ha
he e nd
ual ni hm nt a e ' n ha nm t
cha l ngest s t i c
le
he ubsantve ondii ofhi c i m e . W hil y v. l r ,475 U . 31 3
tons
s onf ne nt
te A be s
S. 2, 27

( 98 ;seW ila v. nimi 77F. 756,768( hCi.1 .ç l to t tprs
1 6) e lims Be a n,
3d
4t r 996) ' egains ha ion
Al
c
ondii tnvol t w a on a unne s a y i l c i ofpa n, or l e gr s y
tons i ve he nt nd
ce s r nti ton
i ' ar os l
di pr
s opor i t t t s vert oft c i e, o ar ' ihouta pe ogi lpum os f l
tona e o he e iy he r m ' r e w t
ny nol ca
e' al

s r y w ihi t a bi oft Ei h A m e e - nott due pr s cl us ' Pret v.
qua el t n he m t he ght
ndm nt
he
oce s a e. i o
'

Clr ,78 F. 245,251( h Ci. 5)( i Rhode v.Cha n, U. 337,347
ake 0 3d
4t r 201 quotng
s
pma 452 S.
( 981) TheEiht Ame
1 ).
g h
ndme çrquiesac toe mi whehe prs co tonsi e
ntce r
our t xa ne t r ion ndii mpos

c ela unus punihme ,'whe e sçgl DuePr e sclus r quiesac tt deemi
nl nd
ual s nt' r a tthe
oc s a e e r our o tr ne
whehe asa ehaspr de prs r wih ade t pr s i a yi prs r gultonsa
t r tt
ovi d ione s t
qua e oce s n ppl ng ion e a i
nd
polc e . l A c or ngl Pl ntf s s t ntve d pr es c ai aboutt c ton of
i i s ' d. c di y, ai if ubs a i ue oc s l m
'
he ondii
co i m e m us be s um e i o hi Ei t A m e
nfne nt t ubs d nt s gh h
ndm e cl i .
nt a m
Pl i ifa l gest f l ng c tons ofs r ga i c tt e c ela unus l
a ntf le
he olowi ondii
eg e ton ons iut nl nd
ua

punihm e be aus t y ar mor r src i t n condii expe i e byi t si ge r l
s nt c e he e e e titve ha
tons
renc d
nma e n ne a
popul ton a Re Oni he c d notbuy a m uc fom t com m i s r ,he w a de i d of
ai t d
on: oul
s
h r he
s a y'
s prve

peronalpr t lkeat l vii pe s
s
opery i
e e son, r onalmusc plye ,s ke s a s gepr e t r ;
i a r nea r , nd ur
ot c o s he
ea
nwd a l rr t ofgood conduc tme;hi celdoorwasc t ce wih mor m e a 'i wa
owe a e
ti
s l
onsnl td t
e tl t s
,
nota e s t c m uni t w ih ot r i na e ;he had outof ce lr r t o up t fveho sa
s a y o om
ca e t he m t s
- - l ec ea i n
o i
ur
w e hi out i r cr a i w a lm ie t a f nc i a ea wih bar d w ie;he c d s e
ek; s s de e e ton s i t d o e ed n r
t
be r
oul how r

t e tm e awe k;hea ehi m e l al i hi c l he ha t we rs urt r sr i sa be
hr e i s
e
t s a s one n s el;
d o a ec iy e tant nd
es t d w hic m ovi i i t pr s n'he e re e m or c l a sr p s a c s hi
core
l
ng ns de he i o , xpe i nc d
e e l nd ti e r he ; s
com m u c tonsa e c t nty k
ni a i
r ons a l ' rs ve la '; c d notha c ac vi ia i a he
unde ur il nce ' he oul
ve ont t s t ton; nd
c d notpa tc pat i gr e
oul
r i i e n oup duca i lorr i ous c as e . Pl i iff t rc pl i t
tona
elgi
l s s a ntf ur he om a ns hat

t s gr t i t i hi s c iy ofe he rl ud noie a s e lf ce a pe rs ay
he e egaed nma es n gh- e urt tn a o
s s nd m l e s nd ppe pr
becaus t lconst l t
e hey ç
anty hrow f
eces att guard and sm eari al overt w al and t r
he
t 1
he l
hei

cel ...., kikandba ont doora1da a ni lla foodt i c l whe t do t
ls (1 c
ng he
1 y nd ght, nd l her els n hey n'
getw hatt w ant....'
hey
'

The Ei hAm e e e e sy pr hi t t i lc i ofS nlla unus
ght
ndm nt xpr s l o bis he ntiton ç e nd
c
ual
puni hm ent . U . Cons .a end.V1 I Sl notonl ou l se e s ve s nt nc buta s
s
s ' S.
'
t m
l . çt
y taw xc s i e e es
lo
pr e s i a es fom i
ot ct nm t r nhum a t e t e a c tonsw hie i pr s d.' W ila s 77 F.
ne r a m nt nd ondii
l m i one ' li m ,
3d

a 761 Acc di y,t Ei hAme
t . or ngl he ght
ndmen Vmpos sdui on g ionlofiil whomus
ts
i e tes prs
fcas
t
pr dehuma c tonsofc i ment' Fame v. e
ovi
ne ondii
onfne . r r Brnnan,511U. 8 83 ( 994)
'
S. 25, 2 1 .
Spec fc l S ion ofi a sm us e ur t ti aesr eve a quae f
ii aly,i s
pr
fcil
t ns e ha nm t ec i de t ood,cot ng,s le ,
l hi het r
a m e ca ca e,a m us t ke r s bl m e ur t g r nt e t s f t oft i a e . 1
nd di l r nd
t a ea ona e as es o ua a e he a e y he nm t s ' d.
'

(ntr lquottonsomit .W hiet Consiui pr e t i tsfom c u a unus l
i ena
ai
ted)
l he
ttton otcs mnae r r el nd
ua
lvi c tons an i e i no e il d t r i bec us heha be n e
i ng ondii , nmat s t ntte o elef a e
s e xpos d t
e o
unc f r a e r t i tve, i onve e condii ofconfne e . Se Hende s n v.
om o t bl , esr c i or nc
ni nt
tons
i m nt e
ro
V ici a N o.7: c 00408,2007 U . D i t LEX I 70207,a *26,2007 W L 2781 22, *
r ni ,
06- vS. s .
S
t
7 at 7

( . Va.Se .2l 2007)( a J) Raher Sgl t e e t ts c tonsae
W D.
pt ,
Com-d, .. t ,éto he xtnt ha uch ondii r
r ti tve oreve ha s t y a e pa4 oft pe t t tc i i i a e pa f t rof e e
esr c i
n r h, he r l he naly ha r m nal nm t s y or hei f ns s

agans s ey. Rhode v. pma 452U. 337,347( 981 .
i t ocit '
'
s Cha n,
S.
1 )

Tos r ies mmayj dg n wihrs c t t nEihh Ame d n Sr e a d
u vv u r u me t t epe t o ' g t
a
n me t cu l n
u us a'p ns me tcam, nimaemu t r v t ee n s ( ) h to j cieyte
n u l u ih n li a n t s p o e wo lme t: 1 t a b e tv l h

d p iain s fee o h ln ititdwa tu tce tys ro s'a d( )t t u j ci eyt
e rv to u frd r an nlce s s f in l e iu , n 2 ha s be tv l he
i
prs ofii l a t d wih a éufii nty c pa e sae ofm i ''J on v.Oui
ion fc as c e t s fc e l ul bl t t
nd.' ohns
nones 1
, 45

F. 1 1 ( hCi.1 ) s eDe'ont v. ol o 708F. 5 525( hCi. 3) For
3d 64, 67 4t r 998 ; e
l a J ms n,
3d 20,
4t r 201 .

t es be t c mpo n ,h imaemu ts o t a t ed fn a tlcu lyk ew o a d
h u jci o ne tt e n t s h w h t h ee d n i t al ngl f n
ve
a
dir r e a obeci l srousc ton,medialne d, rs ofham. Fame,511U.
segadgdl n j tvey e i ondii
c e or ik
r ' r r
'
S.
at837.

Fo teo j ciec mp n n, plitf mus etb ih$ çeiuso sg i a tp y ia
r h b e tv o o e t a an if t sa ls 1 s ro r in sc n h sc l
a
o e to a ij r r s ligfo t ec le g dc n i o s o as bsa ta rs te e f'
r moi n l nu y e utn r m h haln e o dt n ' r u tn il ik h ro .'
i
'
Del a 708F. a 525( i De'ont v.Angeone 330F. 630,634( h Ci.2003).
'ont,
3d t
quotng l a
l ,
3d
4t r
)
The e or apl ntf mus pr
r f e, ai if t oducee denc ofas rousorsgnii a physc lore o i
vi e
ei
i fc nt
ia
m tonal

ij yr s ligfo t ec aln e c n iins l a i maeh sn ts fee s ro so
nur e utn r m h h l g d o d to . f n n t a o u fr d e iu r
e
sg iia tp y ia o me tln uy a ar s l o t ec l n e c n to s h smpyh sn t
in fc n h sc l r na ij r s e ut f h hal g d o di n , e i l a o
e
i
b e s b e tdt cu l n u u u l u s me tp o btdb teEihh Ame d n .Stiklr
e n u j ce o r e a d n s a p nih n rhiie y h g t
n me t rc e
v. ae s 98 F. 1 1381( h Ci.1 ;seDe'z t 330F. a 634(E de tae
W tr , 9 2d 375,
4t r 993) e
tona,
3d t
:
TO monsrt
s h a e r e de i ton,a pr s nerm us ale a s rous ors gnii a phys c ore o i
uc n xtem
pr va i
io
t l ge e i
i fc nt
i al m tonal

ij r r s ligfo t ec aln e c n to so d mo srt as b tn il ik o s c sro s
n u y e utn r m h h l g d o di n r e n tae u sa ta rs f u h ei u
e
i
har rs tngfom t prs ' expos et t c lng c tons'(ntr quotton
m e uli r he ioners
ur o he hale ed ondii . i enal ai
'

mar a cttonomitdl.
ks nd iai
te )
Pl ntf ha notes a i hed t the s f r d a ts rousors gnii a phys c or
ai if s
t bls
ha
uf e e ' e i
i t c nt
i al

e to a ij r 'a ar s l o b i gh usda Re Ono b t e Au u t 01 a dOco e
moi n l nu y' s e ut f en o e t d in ewe n g s 2 3 n t b r
20 1 l t a he c pl i a
4. ns e d, om a ns boutt r i lhar s a pe s c d s f ,t l ngt oftm e he
heo etca
m
r on oul ufer he e h i

wa i s r ton,a t prvie r srctonshee ount e Howeve ,t 1w doesnot
s n eg ega i nd he i lge e ti i
nc er d.
r he a
es a ih t tc i m e i ad i sr tve s gr ga i i a ofis fa ount t c u a
t bls ha onfne nt n m ni t a i e e ton n nd t el m
s o r el nd
unus puni hm e ,e i f a pr onge pe i Se I r Long Te A d i Se ega i of
ual
s nt ven f or ol d r od. e n e
nn m n. gr ton

l t De inaeda Fi Pec ntr,1 F. 464,469( hCi.1 ;Swee v.S. De t
nmaes sg t s ve re es 74 3d
4t r 999)
t C. p'
ofCor.5 F. 8 8 - ( hCi.1 ) ûglolto fom c ni hi r titonon
r, 29 2d 54, 61 62 4t r 975 . ils ain r ompa ons p,esrci
i elct lsi ai , a pr onge i tviy'ae:i s apa ea co ni nt of
ntle ua tmultong) nd ol d naci t ' r ine c bl c mpa me s
s gr t c i m e ,' t e s c fc condii i l notr nde s r t c i e
e ega ed onfne nt' and hos pe i i
tons s l
wi
e r eg ega ed onfnem nt

unc tt i labs ot rilgii aedeprva i ,' uc asa qua ef
onsiutona ent he le tm t
i tons's h de t ood,cl hi s tr
ot ng, hele ,

a me ca cae.l r Fi Pece e s 1 4F. a 472( tng Swe t 529F. a 861.
nd di l r n e ve r ntr , 7 3d t
quoi
e,
2d t )
Fur he m or ,t c pl i d ofc tonsa e no de i tonsofbas c hum a ne dsbutar t
t r e he om a ne
ondii
r t pr va i
i
n e
e he
unco f t bl r t i tve,o i onve e c tons ofc i m e t ta e pa 4 ofPl i if s
m ora e, es rc i r nc
ni nt ondii
onfne nt ha r l
a ntf

c i i pe t See e. ,Rhodes 45 U. a 3 Ac r ngl De enda sa e e il t
rm nal naly. . g.
, 2 S. t 47. co di y, f nt r ntted o

q ai e i nt a ds mmayj d me t o t eEih hAme d n camsa o t h
u li d mmu iy n u r u g n f r h g t
t
n me t li b u t e
condii ofconfne e .
tons
i m nt
B.

Pl ntf a guest hi a oxi a el one ye r a s g e t Le S vi a ed due
ai if r
hat s ppr m t y - a s i nm nt o vel ol t
pr s gua a ee by t Four e nt Am e
oce s r nt d
he
te h
ndm e . D e e nt a t c d va i O Ps i s
nt f nda s ta he r ous
n uppor
t

o t i moinf rs mmayj g n t a d no c v rt etmea is e Au u t 01 t
f her to o u r ud me t h t o t o e h i t su : g s 2 3 o
O c o r201 Spe i i aly, ef nt f l d O Ps 83 1, f ec i J 1, 4;830. e f c i
t be
4.
c fc l D enda s ie
0. e f tve une 201
2, f e tve
J nuar 1 201 ,a 861 3,e f c i Apr l1 201 Pl i ift l d OPs 830. ef e tve J
a
y , 5. nd
. f e tve
i , 5. a ntf i e
1, f c i une 1
,
20l1;830. e f tve J nua y 1 2012;a 861. efec i O c obe 1 2011 Pl i tf alo fl d
2, f ec i a r ,
nd
3, f tve t r ,
. a n if s ie

83 A, f c i Fe ar 1 201 bu di noti udeisa t hmen s Ho ver Pli ifs
0. efe tve bnl y 8, 3, t d
ncl t tac
t . we , antf
copi i l va i a t tons a none ofPl ntf sc e a e a c pa e by a bus nes
es nc ude rous nno a i , nd
ai i f opi s r c om ni d
i s
cus odi n' af i vi. The c tf t rnot st taddii lOPs a a t c e sr f r nce i
t a s fda t
our urhe
e ha
tona
nd ta hm nt e e e d n

t ep o e u e ma beu eu f ra j dc tn t ed ep o e scam.Ac o dn l Dee d n s
h r c d rs y s f l o du iai g h u r c s li
c r igy, fn a t'
moi nf rs mma' j d me ti d n e wih u p eu iea t t ed epr c s cam.
to o u l u g n s e id to t rj dc s o h u o e s li
y
Pur ua t St ndi O r r201 6,D e e
s nt o a ng de
3f ndan s s lt l a ne m oto f s m a y
t hal i e
w
i n or um r

j
udgme ont r mai ngFouree hAmendme cai s
nt he e ni
t nt
nt l ms uppore by,i erai,t f l ng
td nt la he olowi
OPsorr vii t tweei ef tbewe nAugus 20l a Ocober201 420. ( tt
e sons ha r n fec t e
t 3 nd t
4: 2 abou he

us o r sr itl 4 54(b u c l a sg me t) 8 2. (b u imaep o ry ; 3 . (b u
e f e tan s; 2 . a o t el s in ns; 0 1 a o t n t r pe tl 8 0 1 a o t
fclt ca sfc to ma g me t; 3 . (b u sc rt lv lca sfc to l 8 0A (bo tte
a i y ls iiai n na e n) 8 02 a o t e u i e e lsiiain ; 3 . a u h
i
y
Stpe DownPr a ;a 8 . (bouts ca housng) Al atc nt t apolc a notdi
ogrm) nd 613 a
pe il i . l ta hme s o
iy, s e n
t he r g nt t vi enc
ea h,m us a com pa t polc 5 D e e nt s d s
c
tc
ny he i y. f nda s houl uppor t i ar um e sw ih e d e,

e pe al a t t l ltssi tte i Sa nv.Conne,51 U. 472,474( 995) Mahe
s cily s o he ega e t denii d n ndi
r 5 S.
1 , t ws

v. drdae,424U. 31 323( 976 , it v.Cl ke 78 F. 245,247( h Ci.201 ,a
El i
S. 9,
1 ) Preo
ar , 0 3d
4t r 5) nd
l uma v.Stri 791F. 51 51 ( hCi. 5 , t ymus noewhe t r e nt
nc a
ilng,
3d 7, 9 4t r 201 ) and he
t t
n he elva
KM CC i tgai i vi Pli ifc l
nvesi ton nvol ng antf oncuded. Pli ifwilha t y- da t
antf l ve went one ys o
r pond, nd Def nda ss lr pl wihi f re da t r fe .
es
a
e nt hal e y t n ou ten ys he ea tr
l .
V

F rt ef rg i gr a o s tec u t rn sDee a t' to f rs mmayj d me tn
o h o e o n e s n ,h o r g a t fnd n s mo in o u r u g n i
pat st t Ei hhAme d n camsa dd ne i wih u p eu iea t t eFo re n h
r a o he g t
n me t li n e is t t o t rj dc s o h u te t
Amendme c am saboutPl ntf cls iiaton a Le lS.De e
nt l i
ai ifs a sfc i t ve
f ndant s l fl ane
s hal ie
w

moi nf rs mmayj d me twi i fry fv d y , litf te wil a et n y o ed y t
to o u r u g n t n o t-ie a s P an if h n lh v we t - n a s o
h
r pond,a De e nt s l r pl wihi f t n da t r a tr
es
nd f nda s hal e y t n ouree ys he e fe .
EN TER : Thi
s

R

d yo J l, 2016.
a f uy

/ m 4 2 /.W
+/'
U nie St t s Di t i tJ
t d a e s rc

'
e

5I OPs420.2 a 425. ar notauhorz d f i epos e sonandpublcdicl ur ,t y m a befl
f
nd
4 e
t ie or nmat
ssi
i s os e he
y ied
unde s alf i c
r e or n amer r e .
a eviw