Hubbard v. Zych

Filing 29

MEMORANDUM OPINION. Signed by Senior Judge Glen E. Conrad on 11/06/2019. (aab)

CLERJ OFFI U.S. ST.
CS
CE
DI COURT
AT ROANOKE,
VA
FI
LED

NU? ( 2 2 1
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JULA
I THE UM TED STATES DI
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STRI COURT BY: I C,D(DLEY,CLERK
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FOR THE W ESTERN DI
STRI OF VI NI
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RGI A
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R O AN O K E DI I O N
V SI
CR EA DELL H U BBA RD ,

CASE NO .7: 5CV0#002
1

Pet toner,
ii

CH W STO PH E R ZY C H ,W A RD EN ,
R e ponde .
s
nt

CREADELL HUBBARD,

CASE NO . 1
7: 5CV00599

Pe i i r,
t tone

M EM OR AO UM OPI ON
NI
CH AR I ES M TLED G E,W AR D EN ,
,

By: H on.G l n E.C onr
e
ad
Se or Unie St e D it i tJudge
ni
t d at s s r c

R e ponde .
s
nt

Cr a l Hubba d,a f r l i ae a t Unie St t Pe t nta y i Le Count
e del
r
ede a nm t t he
td aes nie ir n e
y,
V igi a pr e ng pr K,sl t s ha sc puspeii unde 28U. C.j2241. I ls
r ni , oc edi
o
ed he e bea or
ttons r
S.
na
i
.

frtp tto ,Hu bad a s rst a i lg to Untd S ae v. s a ,5 0 U. 2 4 ( 01 )
is eiin b r s et h t n ih f ie tts De c mps 7 S. 5 2 3 ,
hi s nt nc i lnlwf ,a t c ts ul now r vii i. I t s c
s e e e s l a ul nd he our ho d
e st t n he e ond,he c e t thi
ont nds ha s
s e e e de t sam or m a mum a m us be c r c e Upon r vi oft r c d,
entnce xc e d he tt y xi
nd
t
ore t d.
e ew
he e or

t ec ur c ncu e t thepeiin mu t es mmaiyds s e f rlc o ju s ito h o t o l d s ha t tto s s b u rl imis d o a k f li dcin l
Bac ound
kzr

A j r i t eUntdS ae DititCo r f rt Eatr Ditito No t Cao iaf u
u y n h ie tts src u t o he sen src f rh r ln o nd
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b a d ul f n o b r
t
s f n eo s a o co n e , s eso r e f
1S eRue 1b & 4 Rue Go enn S cin2 5 Ca e (uh rzn dimislo h b a peio wh r
e ls () , ls v r ig eto 2 4 ss a to iig s sa f a e s tin ee
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ipli y a r fo f eofpeii t tpeii ri notentte t ha a r i )
t anl ppea s rm ac
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ild o be s elef.

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i am d rng rme f iln e co n
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) po s s in f tln n y comt r e,
a d c n pia y t po s s soe mo e ( u t Fo r. Urtd S ae v Hu bad No.
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l e tt s . b r ,
i
5:
88CR00040. On Aprl21 1
i , 989,t co ts nt nce Hubba d t 327 m ont i prs on
he ur e e d
r o
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Col One wih Comt Thr e a Fou m e ged i o t tc ;60 m ont i prs on Cot
mt , t t s e nd
r r
nt ha ount
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mt
Two,co ec tvet t s nt nc o t o he co s a tu'eye r ofs r ied r l a e. Hi
ns u i o he e e e n he t r unt ; nd l e a s upe v s e e s z s

a p a wa t u c sf l Untd S ae v Hu b r ,9 9F.d7 4 ( t Ci.1 9 ) c r. e id
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n h is f he e 2 ei ns b a d se t h t he itit o r re n
i
Gndi hi ei i e f a e nce s nt nc unde t Ca e rOfe rpr son oft Unie
ng m lgbl or n nha d e e e
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St t Se e i Gui lnes ba ed on hi prorc c i . Specf a l Hubba d a s rst t
aes nt nc ng de i , s
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ik ly,
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n ih f h o dn n sa s3 i 9 6 o v ci n o hid d g e u g ay n e
Ke uc 1 w no l rqua ii sa a c i ofvi e ,t ma i aprorpr di t f l f a
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olnce o ke t i e cae eony or
Ca e r Ofe r e nce nt I Fe ua y o 2015,t c ts
r e f nde nha me . n br r f
he our umm a iy dim is d t c s
rl s s e he a e,

hol ngt tHubba dhad notme t sa d u rI r J nes 226 F. 328( h Ci.200
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a j2 5e t s o ta hec uèc le g hssne c i aj2 41p tto
nd 25 ()o h w h t o l haln e i e tn e n 2 eiin.
2 S eOre, N6 2 (tah dc p o J d me t.
e d rECF . 8 atc e o y f u g n)
3 I Dec
n s amps t Suprme Cour o t Unie Stt shed t tas t ng cou tma notl k be
e
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t t ofa i vii e satt,whih i a saut t tdoe nots toutone o mor elment oft ofe e hlt
he ext n ndi sbl ttze
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r 8

U. C. 9 4 e.1 3S Cta 2 818
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I t es c n j2 41p tto No. 1 CV0 5 9 Hu b r camst ttec u t re i
n h e o d 2 ei n, 7:5 0 9 , b ad li ha h o r e rd n
i
s nt ncng hi t 327 m ont i prs whe t ma mlm s nt nc a l d unde 18 U. C.
e e i
m o
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r
S.

j21 3()wa 3 0mo t ( 5 y a s. Ag i t c u ts mmaiy ds se t c s , lig
1 d s 0 nhs 2 e r) an,he o r u rl imis d he a e hodn
t tHu b r h d n tma e te r q ie s o n st e I r J n ,a d j2 5 /)t p o e d
ha b a d a o d h e ur d h wig md r n e o e n
2 5 o rc e
t e j2 41
md r 2 .
Hubba d a
r ppeaed t dim is s of bot c e . The c tof a
l he s s al
h as s4
our
ppeas f md t thi
l ot ha s
cli s s d be c i r d unde is r e de ii i Unied St t s v.W he e ,886 F.
am houl
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t
ae
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41 , 2 ( t Ci. 01 ) a dLetrv. o mo , 0 F.d7 8(t Ci. 8 , n rma d dt e
5 4 6 4h r 2 8 , n se Flu y 9 9 3 0 4h r 201 ) a d e n e h
c s sço f rh rc n i eain o t epeiing) i ldng a y r lv n j rs ito a is e .
a e ç r ' te o sd rto f h tto s, ncu i n ee a t u idcin l su s'
f u
'

Hu b r v. c , 4 F. p' 1 6(t Ci. 01 ) Hu b r v. te g , 4 F. x 1 7( t
b ad Zy h 7 7 Ap x 8 4 h r 2 9 ; b ad Rald e 7 7 App' 8 4h
Ci.2 9 . Th sc u tsa e c n i eain o t p tto u tlt Untd S ae S p e
r 01 ) i o r ty d o sd rto f he ei ns n i he ie tts u r me
i
Cour de e t Unie St t s peii f a wrt of ce tor d i W heee . The e tr t
t ni d he
t d a e ' tton or
i
ri a n
lr
r afe , he
Unie Stt sfl d motonst dimist peii nsasm oo .Hubba d hasr ponded,ma ngt
t d a e ie
i o s s he tto
t
r
es
ki he
m oto rpef c i r to
i ns i or onsde ai n.

W he Hubbadfldhi j2241peii a f s tmet rafe,hewa c i a
n
r e s
ttons nd or ome i hee tr
s onfned t

t eUntd S ae Pe ie tay i Le Comt ,Vigni (û P Le ' . On M ac 2 ,2 8 h
h ie tts ntn ir n e t y ri a G
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rh 3 01 , e
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m eed s ede a i o e ms nd
a d n upe v s ee e n he tr src
ofNorh Ca olna A m ont lt r hi s r ii n wa ta f r e t t So he n Ditit of
t r i .
h a e , s upe vs o
s r nse r d o he ut r src
l a
ndi na.

4 W hie t s c e wer on a al Hub r s ta ob ane c tofa al c riiai t fl a
l he e as s e
ppe ,
ba d ough nd t i d our
ppe s e tfc ton o ie

s c si j2 5 moin i teEatr Ditito No t Caoi . I r Hu ad 8 5 F.d 2 5 2 7 (t Ci.
uce sve 2 5 to n h sen src f rh rl
na n e bb r , 2 3 2 , 2 4h r
201 ) I ti j2 5 moin h ag e ta hsma d tr S ne cn Gud l sc re o n e sne c i
6. n hs 25 to , e ru d h t i n aoy e tn ig iei aer Fe d r e tn e s
ne
t o si ina u d rterl a n u c d i J h s n v Uni dSae,l 5S.Ct 2 51( 5. Thedsrc c u t
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itit o r
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imisd h t o n g t f 01 s ni l ie n ih f ie tts Br wn 68 3 9 4h r
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7 hodn h t o nsn h l g o e tn e mp e n e he h n ma d tr ne cn i l s s
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scuss on
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Se to 22 ()a to ie ti c u t og a tha e srle t ap io rwhoi boh çr
cin 41c uh rz s hs o r t rn b a eif o rs ne
s t ll
i
c t t rorby c oro t a ho iy oft Unie St t s'and Gn c t i vi a i of
usody mde
ol f he ut rt
he t d a e '
ç usody n olton
i

t Co tt i or lws o te te o t Unie St t . A f r r f r prs ne , lke
he nsiuton
a
r r ai s f he
t d aes'
'
o me ede al io r i
Hubba d, who i s r i a t r of s r ied r l s , qua ii as beng Gi c t ' f
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s e vng e m
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lfes
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up ss f el
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e td tts nsi in i s h u idcin f e ea o rs o c l ng i g
mi
c s s o c nr vese . U.S.Co s. a t 11 j 2;Ho i v.Do ,4 4 U..3 5 31 ( 9 8 .
a e r o to ris
n t, r. 1,
n:
e 8 S 0 , 7 18 )
' hen a c e orco r r y c as t e s- - ihe d t a c nge i t f t ort lw- t
s
W
as
ntove s e es o xit-et r ue o ha
n he acs he a
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l iain i mo t a t e c u tss be tmatrj s ito c a e t e itas ' Po trv
i g to s o, nd h o r' u j c te mid ci n e s s o x s lo. re .
t
'
Clr ,8 2F.d 3 8 3 3 (t Ci. 01 )5 I ah b a c r u c s ,sn o c s o c n r v ry
ake 5 3 5 , 6 4h r 2 7 . n a e s op s a e G j a e r o to es
l
e it u ls te peiin rh s s fee a a t a ij r t a c n b r d e s d b a fvo a l
x ss n e s h tto e a u f rd n cu l nu y h t a e e r s e y a rb e

j iild cso ' S n e v. mn ,5 U. 1 7( 9 8 .I t ej2 41peiine h ss r e
udca e iin. pe c r Ke a 23 S. , 1 9 ) f h 2
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t o r a ev d
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hi pds n t r a ii s r i e r l a e t r no lve c r ve s e sst tt c tc ul
s o e m nd ls upe v s d e e s e m, i onto ry xit ha he our o d

r ol byadd e sngli c le t t lgaiy o hi c i nalsntnc a t j2241cam
es ve
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li

i mo t Se UntdS ae v. r y 5 5F.d2 0 2 3 8 (t Ci. 0 )
s o. e ie tts Had , 4 3 8 , 8 - 4 4h r 20 8 .
l r s ns t t m o i t dimi s Hubbar c e t thi s nt nc c le s a e
n e po e o he tons o s s ,
d ont nds ha s e e e hal nge r
notm oo . He as e t t ti hi s nt ncewashel i ld,t c tc d c
t
s rs ha f s e e
d nvai he our oul hoos t r d e hi
e o e uc s

tr ofs r s dr e e Se e. ,Popev.Pedue 889F. 41 41 (t Ci. )Ct n
em upevie elas . e, z.
r ,
3d 0, 4 7h r 2018 Whe
af me i a esils l ng atr ofs r iedr las c le st lngt orc
or r nm t tl ewi
em
upe vs ee e ha lnge he e h
ompu a i of
t ton
hi s n e e hi c e i not m oo s l a he co d obt i a pot nta be i fom a
s e t nc , s as s
t o ong s
ul
an ny
e i l neft r

5 The cou' ha o te i e nalquotto ma ks ale ains a cttons he e a t oughoutt s
l s mitd ntr
t
ain r , tr to , nd iai
r nd hr
hi
opi on, e sot m ienoed.
ni unls he s t

4

fv rb ed cso ' . TheUntd Sae h sn td mo srtd t tHu b r c u d n tbe e
a o a l e iin-)
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ie tts a o e n tae ha b a d o l o n ft
fo a fvorbl de son on hi j2241cai a t c tcn s fnd. Se e. ,Unied
rm a a e cii
s
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S ae v. o ns n 5 9 U. 5 5 - 0 ( 0 )( o dn t a at o g sn i imae s e tt o
tts J h o , 2 S. 3, 9 6 20 0 h li g h t lh u h dng n t p n o
muc tme i prs woul nota oma i ly e il hi t ls s r s d r l as o m odi
h i n ion
d
ut tcal ntte m o e s upe vie e e e r
sed
c tons ofr e e,i woul c ry û quia e co i er to ofgr atw eght'i a moton t
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r d c hstr o s pevs d r la et e 28U. . j3 8 ) Thea ia iiy o apoe ta
e u e i em f u r ie ee s md r
SC. 5 3 .
valb l f tn il
t
be ei fo ad cso o te j2 41cam i s fkin t prv n t tcam fo b ig mo t
n ft ' m e iin n h 2 li s u t e t o e e t ha li r m en o .
r
P p ,8 9 F.d a 41 ;s e as Untd S ae v.Ep s 7 7 F.d 3 7 3 5 ( C.Ci.2 3 ;
o e 8 3 t 4 e lo ie tts
p , 0 3 3 , 4 D. r 01 )
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M u n i v. n es 41 F.d 9 ,9 4 9 (t Ci. 0 5 .Fort stt d reas ,t cour wil
ihd Dn il, 3 3 91 9 - 5 9h r 2 0 )

d n temoinst ds s t ej2 41p tto sa mo t
e y h to o imis h 2 eiin s o .
TheUnie Stt as aguest ti t e ntt c ur co l t tt j2241cli
td aes lo r
ha n he ve he o t ncudes ha he
ams
a eno m oo ,t c s ss d beta f r e t t Uzie St t sDiti tCour f t Sou he n
r t
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r nse r d o he lt d a e src
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Ditito I da ,wh r Hu b r i s r ig h ss p r ie rla e S e 2 U. C.j2 41 a
src f n ina ee b a d s e vn i u e vs d ee s . e 8 S.
2 ()
( rvii t tm i o ha e sc pusG h l bee tr d i t erc r so t dsrc c u t ft
p o dng ha t f b a o
t al ne e n h e o d f he itit o r o he
s
dsrc wh ri t er sritc mpli do i h d'.l i weletb ihe , p ve,h tb c us
itit een h etan o ane f s a ' t s l sa ls d h we rt a e a e
)

Hu badwa c nfn d a USPLe s ti tej rs ito o t i c u twh nhefldt i j2 41
b r s o ie t
e' hn h u id cin f hs o r, e
wi
ie hs 2
pei o ,t i c u tçeansjtidcin' o a d e sh scams Ru f l v. dla 5 2 U.
t ins hs o r ç ti trs itp 't d r s i li . msed Pa i , 4 S.
t
r
l
42 , 41( 0 4 .Ac o dn l ,h c u t l d n teUntdS ae ' to s
6 4 2 0 ) c r ig y te o r wil e y h ie tts moi n .
Alhough t Unie Stt di no movef dimis lofHubbar sj2241peii on
t
he td aes d t
or s sa
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ttons

a y s b tn ie g omd t c u tfn s t a sl r ds s a f r lc o j s ito i
n u sa tv r t , he o r id h t l
mmay imis l o a k f mid ci n s
war nt A prs ne g neal mus tl a moin unde j 2255 t colae al atck t
ra ed.
io r e rly t se
to
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lg l y o hsd tnin t é afd r lc n cin o s ne c . 28U. C.j2 55a ;Da i v.
i ai f i ee to md r e e a o vito r e tn e
t
S.
2 () vs
Uni d S ae ,41 U. 3 3 3 3 ( 9 4 . A dsrc c u tc l o e tran a ha e s c rus
t tts 7 S. 3 , 4 1 7 )
e
itit o r al t ne ti
n
b a op

p tto u d rj2 41c le gn af d rlc u tud me t ls amo inpls a t o2 U. C.
eiin n e 2 haln ig e ea o rj g n une s to t u n t 8 S.
r
j2 5 i tna e u t o ief ci t t s t lg l yo ( timaes d tn in. 2 U. C.
2 5 s s d q ae r n fi tve o e t he e ai f t n t'q ee to ' 8 S.
i
t
ha
'
j2 5e (t es vn sca e);W h ee,8 6 F.da 4 . ç-l rme y af r e b j2 5
25 () Gh a ig lus '
t
e lr 8 3 t 23 çrhe e d fo d d y 2 5
g
i no r nde e i q t ori feci m e e y be us a i vi ha be n t bl t obt i
s t e r d nade ua e ne f tve r l ca e n ndi dual s e ma e o an

r l ft e t a p o iin,o b c u ea idviu li p o e u al bard fo fl a j2 5
ei md r h t r v so r e a s n n i d a s r c d r ly re r m ii
e
ng
2 5.

moin- I r Vil 1 5 F.d 1 9 ,1 9 n. (t Ci.1 9 ) l t i crui aj2 5 mo in i
to ' n e a, 1 3 1 2 1 4 5 4 h r 9 7 . n hs ic t
'
, 2 5 to s
i de t a i feci t t s t l ga iy ofa s n e whe
na qua e nd ne f tve o e t he e lt
e t nce
n:

( )a t e t o s n e cng s tld 1w o t i cr uto t e S prme Cott
1 t h i f e tn i , et a f hs ic i r h u e
me
e
t
r
e tbls e t e lg lt o t s ne c ;( )s bs q n t t e p io e ' dr c
sa ih d h e aiy f he e tn e 2 u e ue t o h rs n rs ie t
a l a trt j 2255 moi t aorme to d stld s tntve 1w
ppea nd ss
ton, he f e nine ete ubsa i a
c a g d a d wa d e d t a p y r to ci l o c laea r ve () t e
hne n
s e me o p l er a tvey n o ltrl e iw; 3 h
prs ri una et mee t gae e ngpr sonsofj225549( f s c
ione s bl o t he tke pi ovii
1 2) or e ond
ors e svemoto ;a ( due t t srtoa tve c
ucc s i
ins nd 4)
o hi er ci hange t s ne eno
, he e tnc w
pr s nt a e r s t i l g a t be de m e af ndn e aldef c .
e e s n ror ufk enty r ve o
e d u m nt
et

W he lr 8 6F.da 4 9.Th s t a ig ca s r q ie n sa ej s ito l'1 . t 26
ee, 8 3 t 2
e e l vn s lu e e urme t r mid cina. d a 4 .
s
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I No.7: 5CV00002,Hubba d as e t t the i e ild t ha hi s nt nc r viie
n
1
r s rs ha
s ntte o ve s e e e e st d

unde t s W hee e sa r be a e o t Unie St t s Supr m e Co ts 201 de ii i
r hi
l r t nda d c us f he
td ae
e
ur'
3 c son n

Decmp ta o cm'd sv rlf asatrHu b r sa p a a d iiilj2 5p o edng .
sn s h t ct e e ea er fe b ad' p e l n nta 25 r ce i s
Ho e r
w ve ,

De c mp a d g e rltd d cso i M ah sdd no n nomc arto ci l
sn s n t eae e iin nj ti i t n t e er ' t y
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