Ballance v. Clarke et al

Filing 71

MEMORANDUM OPINION. Signed by Chief United States District Judge Glen E. Conrad on 3/28/2017. (tvt)

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M EM O R A ND U M O PI I N
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HAROLD CLARKE, AL ,
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By: Gln E.Conr
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9
diposton.1
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I. D I
1 SCU SSI
ON

A. St nda d ofRe e
a r
viw

A c u ts o l ga ts mmayj d me tlft e mo a ts wst a t ee i n g n i e
o r h ud r n p r u g n t h v n ho h t h r s o e u n
i
ds u ea t a ymaeilfc a dt emo a ti e tte t j dg n a ama tro lw. Fe
ip t s o n tra a t n h v n s nild o u me t s te f a ' d.
'
R. v. 5 ( ) ( st maeil y . .(j l d s ue o e fcst tmih afc t eo to
Ci P. 6 a . W o trai . o n y ip ts v r a t ha g t fe t h uc me
t
o t e s i u e te g ve n lw wilp o e l p e ld t e e ty o s mma yj d me t'
f h ut nd r h o mig a l r p ry r cu e h n r f u r u g n .
'
An e s n v Li rv Lo b I .4 7 U. 2 2, 48 ( 9 6 .A ds ue a o ta maeilfc i
d ro . be t b y. nc, 7 S. 4 2 1 8 )
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i
pat ' J. 'n c n iei g amo in f rs mmayj d me t a c u t s ve t er c r a a
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to o u r u g n , o r mu t iw h e o d s
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1 Baln eha tld amoint c mp l( No 6 ) s e igs p e na rs o s st smeo hs
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rs o s t cran q eto s Afe rve o d fn a t'itro aoy rs nss ( No.6 ) te c u t
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çu ns p o tds c ain'od fa amoi nf rs mmayj d me t be v. s . r . f
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rt
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9

Th , ûu n e s oh r rg t s c a rlgo o s e h ae iv l d j is ma t u
us t l ls t e ih s u h s ei in r pe c r n ove , al y h s
g
co tt i ly dialow t pos es i of pe s
nsiutona l s l he
s son
r onalpr pe t ' Ba n, 962 F.Supp.a 74
o ry.
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(ii oh rc s s.Theeo e t ec u t idsnohn pe K u c n ttto la o td fnd ns
ctng t e a e )
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Thid, e n i Bala e c d pr ve s e c tt i ly pr e t d rg t pos es
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s s

pe s
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To dee ne i t VDOC' r l s ofla lt r quie nti r s bl r a e t l ii a e
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S eea e ibiiy e r me s ea ona y elt d o egtm t
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no ogial nt r ss o s o
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nt
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ton nd he nt r t s e td
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t or mo ea t rnd rtep lc ab ta yo ir to l' 2 wh t rt lenai
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;
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ie cc
to
d ve
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o p io r s u c s a ( )wheh rt ee e ita y G b o s e s atm ai s'
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,
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vea e . e 7 3 7 , 0 q o ig me , 8 S. t 9 9 ) i tr l r c t
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te .
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f rhe e by t c le d r gulton,t fr tf c orof t Tur r sa r i s tsi d.See
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,

eg. Alie v.De ds 1 F.d 5 0 5 (t Ci.1 9 ) ( dn : f ri r a lgtmae
. . tz r
e , 91 3 4 , 49 4h r 9 9 fn ig % o t i e ii t
o
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btr n ofpr unde t Tlm e r tonalba i a l i t dipr t vai t oft prs
lde
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r he z r a i
ss nayss o s ove he ldiy
he ion

r g lto a is e Ov ro v. z et, 3 U. 1 6( 0 3 .
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10

Bala eha no m e hi blr n unde Tur r The VD OC pr t polc is f a we l
lnc s t t s zde
r ne .
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a t Re e s ofLi biiy f nn,e
s he l a e
a lt o
mpha i est ma rs i r ntt t prs n e r e
sz he ny iks nhe e o he io nvionm nt
t ta i t s pe s
ha n nma e' ronalpr pe t wilbe da a d orl t W ihou que ton,t Re e e of
o ry l
m ge
os. t t si he l as
Libiiy r uie e i r a ona y r a e t t VDOC' l gii a e i e e t i mi mi ng
a lt eq r m nt s e s bl elt d o he
S e tm t ntr s n ni zi

coss by lm ii t cr umsa e a a mt f rwhi h i wilbe la e f ri aes pr pe t
t , i tng he ic tnc s nd mot s o
c t l
i bl o nm t ' o ry
l s a a ki i aes t a ee t us t g iva pr dur s i t a of t cours f
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t or
pr ry r mbur e e r que t. Balanc ofe sno ea y at r tve by whih t VDOC co d
ope t ei
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s le na i
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c
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l , nd he ur i
ne
r ove , ca e he l a e
Libiiy r uie e t a i o y t pe s l'r pe t a no sae-s ue pr ry,i t s
a lt eq r m n pples nl o r ona p o ry, nd t t t is d ope t nma e
r t i at r tve m e ns ofe r ii t rght t tperonalpr ry iems f t r The ca
e an le na i
a
xe csng he i s ha
s
ope t t
urhe .
y n
us t prs s lbr r and 1w lbr r f e e ti e r adi a l ga r s a c The ca
e he ion' i a y
a i a y or nt ranm nt e ng nd e l e e r h.
y n
obt i i g nt hygi ne ie s eore ponde ,and l l pa kes i t a of pur ha i a
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nce
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pos e sng a pe s na soc of hyg e pr t a wrtng ie s Fi ly,r
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Relas of Li biiy r quie e woul undoubt dl i c VDOC budges by r quii
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d
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ii ton nd em s me os s
he e e ons
t co tc l
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ha he
i y eq rng nma e o i n he l s
a lt or
as a co to of pos e so of pe s
ndii n
s sin
r onalpr ry i prs i co tt i lunde t Tur r
ope t n ion s nsiutona
r he ne
f t s
acor .

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t
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quae oc a otci &r he e r me s
f
pr s ae llxi e a cag) fr s h pr durl pr e tons a t pa tc a st ai
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s he riulr iu ton

d ma d .' W ikns n v Ausi ,5 5U..2 9 2 4 ( 0 )(u tn M o rs e v Br we,4
e n s'' li o . tn 4 S 0 , 2 20 5 q o ig ris y . e r 08
U. 4 , 81( 9 2 (leaini o ii l) Tod tnnnewheh rp o e u e p o d a e u t
S. 71 4 1 7 ) atrto n rgnal. ee i
t e r c d r s r vie d q ae
p o e to a ans er ne u d prv to t e c u tc n ie s t g is,t p iae itrs t t
r tci n g i t ro o s e iain, h o r o sd r , 4 t rt he rv t n ee t ha
ûl
11

wil be a f c e by t ofi i a ton;s c
l
fe t d
he fcal ci
e ond,t rs of a e r ne de i ton o s h
he ik
n r o ous prva i f uc
i e e tt oug t pr ed le us d,a t pr bl vaue i a ofaddii na o s tt e
nt r s hr h he oc tr s e nd he oba e l , f ny,
to l r ubsiut
pr e la s f gua ds and fnal t Gove n e ' i e es,i l ng t fmc i i ve
oc dtr l a e r ;
i ly, he
r m nts nt r t ncudi he t ton nvol d
a t fs a a a nita i bur nst tt a tonalors tt e pr ed la r quie nt
nd he c l nd dmi sr tve de ha he ddii
ubsiut oc tr l e r me

wo l e ti.' I .a 2 4 2 (uoi Mah wsv. d i c ,4 4 U..3 9 3 5 ( 9 6 ) Th
u d n al' d t 2 - 5 q tng t e
'
Elrd e 2 S 1 , 3 1 7 ). e
Rela e of Libiiy f m is l, ofe e t Bal nc on a las t oc asons notfed hi
es
a lt or t ef f r d o la e
t e t wo c i , ii
m
c e ry t tf iur t sgn t f r wo d pr ve hi fom pos e sng hi pr ry ie sa
l a l ha al e o i he o m
ul e nt m r
ss i
s ope t t m nd
r quie hi c
e r d m hoos a ong li prva ei e e t- i pos es i t pr ry ie o no . Thi
e m
ls i t ntr ss n s sng he ope t t ms r t
s
pr e e c e t s ltl c nc of e r ous de i ton of t i ae' pos es i n of hi
oc dur r a e ite ha e
rone
prvai
he nm t s
s so
s
pe s l pr ry, a as ale y dic s
r ona ppe t nd
r ad
s us ed, f t r s t nta VDOC a nita i
urhe s ubsa il
dmi sr tve
i e e t. 1
nt r ss 1
Fit t c lnge polc i not unc tt i na smpl be us i c tons t
fh, he hale d
iy s
onsiuto l i y ca e t ondii
he
i ae' pos e son ofpe s na pr ry on hi a ee nt no t s ek c
nm t s s s i
r o l ope t
s gr me
t o e ompe ai f r a
ns ton o ny

p o e t ls o d ma e s b e t t te VDOC' p o e u e a d lmi to . I i wel
r p ry o s r a g , u j c o h
S r c d rs n i t ins t s l
a
esa ihed t ta i vi ua ma knowi l a i elge l wai a c tt to lrg i
t bls
ha n ndi d l y
ng y nd nt li nty
ve onsiu i na i ht n

e c n ef ra o fr dbe ei.Se g n. rh Caoi av. f r , 0 U. 25( 9 0 (rmia
x ha g o h fee n ft e e No t r ln Alo d 4 0 S. 1 7 ) ci n l
de e ntm a wai rg t ha go r ntpr hi guitbe
f nda
y
ve i ht o ve ve nme
ove s l yond a r as na e do i
e o bl ubt n

e ha f be st ofeed tr
xc nge or ne
fr h ough pla bagai ; Stphe on v.Rois No. 11
e r nl e ns
a,
:4CV31
9

TS TCB, 1 W L 7 4 2 ,a * ( D.Va De .31 2 4 (ofiil gi)n tv oaet e
E/
20 4
4 2 46 t 2 E.
. c , 01 ) t fcas d d o i lt h
û
Fis A m e m e by r quii pl ntf t s gn a r l a e of la lt f m ' whe he r f e hi
rt
nd nt
e r ng ai i f o i
ee s
i biiy or '
n
e us d s

prs rbedmediai orbyt s i i nghi f hi fiur t f l s hapolc ).Contay
e ci
c tons
t cplni m or s al e o olow uc
di
iy'
rr
1 HadBalnces fr d da geo l st hi pe s pr ry ie sdlrngt ta fr hehad a quae
1
la ufe e ma r os o s ronal ope t tm zi he r nse ,
de t
pr dtr sunde sae1w bywhiht s ekr i s men- unde t pr t polc a gre ncepr e e o
oce le
r tt a
c o e embure t
r he opery iy nd iva
oc dur s r

b tl gaVTCA cam a dsbsq e tsaec r a to .S eVa Co eAn j8011 5., snv. l r 4 8
y ii
n
li n u e u n tt out cin e . d n. . - 9 3. o Pame, 6
Hud
U. 51 , 3 (98 )(e o nzn t a nete n gie tno itnin ld p iain o imaesp o et b asae
S. 7 5 3 1 4 rc g iig h t ih r e l n r ne to a e rv to s f n t' r p ry y tt
g
e ly evilt p o e u a d ep o e sGfameni fl o td p iainrme yfrtels i a albe'.
mpo e oae r cd rl u r c s t
i
a ngu p s-e rv to e d o h o s s v ia l'
)
12

t Bal nc s c r t rz ton,t Reea e of Libiiy f m doe notr quie hi t wave hi
o la e' ha ace i a i he l s
a lt or
s
e r m o i
s
rghtt a ce st c t asde o ta e by t f c t the hasnow purue t e c tca e
i o c s he our,
m nsr t d
he a t ha
s d hr e our s s
a
boutli pe s lpr ry. Atmos ,t Reea e ofLibiiy f m r quies li t c
ls r ona ope t
t he l s
a lt or e r tm o hoos t
e o

a ml t emao i o t ers sta pe s n lp o ry ie h po s s e i prs n ma s fe
s me h j rt f h ik h t ro a r pet tms e se s s n io y u fr
y
da a orbe l t l he c
m ge
os . f
hoos s no t a sl e t s rs by r f sng t sgn t r e e,hi
e t o sl
m hi ik
e u i o i he elas s
pe s lpr ry ie ssa s f butca
r ona ope t t m ty a e,
nnotbe i hi pos e so i prs
n s s s i n n ion.
Fi ly,Bal nc hasno co tt i lc am a ii fo hi m a c mpl i sa
na l
la e
nsiutona l i rsng r m s ny o ant boutt
he
i fi i nc e a m ius of t gre nce pr ed e , i udi t e he fl d a
ne tc e i s nd s es
he iva
oc ur s ncl ng hos
ie bout not
pos es i li per o lpr ry a RN CC. Be us i m a e do no ha a c tt i na rg t
s sng ls s na ope t t
ca e n t s
t ve onsiuto l i ht o
a g ivane pr e s t alege i deq c e o t pr de polc ha no co tmto l
re
e oc s , he l d na ua i s f he ovi d i y ve
nsi ina

sg i n ea ,h ,aeno a to a l u d rj1 8 . S eAd msv. c , F.d7 7 ( t
int c nd tus r t cin b e n e 9 3 e a
ka
Rie 40 3 2, 5 4h
Ci.994)
r1 .
Fo t sa e r a ons t coz' fnds no diput d f c on whi h Bala e c d pr
r he t t d e s , he tt i
t
s e at
c
lnc oul ove
t t de e nt 'polc or t r a i a i of t t polc t hi vi aed due pr es i a
ha f nda s
iy
hei pplc ton
ha
i y o m ol t
oc s n ny

rs e t1 Th r fr ,t e c u twilg a t d fnd n s s mmay j dg n moin a d d n
e p c.2 e eo e h o r l rn ee a t ' u r u me t t n e y
o
pli ifsm o i
a ntf
ton.
C. A c e st Cour sa Re ala i
cs o
t nd t i ton

I hi r t iton c am ,Ba lnce c e t t the de e nt ca
n s eala i l i
la
ontnds ha û
t
f nda s nnot c e t a polcy
rae
i

wavn ( s rg t fa c s t t ec u t,h np n s hi f rrf sngt sg i'b wih odng
iig hij ih o c e s o h o rs t e u ih m o e u i o in t' y t h li
hi pero lprpet ie .(
s s na o ry tms Compl 7. Thec tcn tfndt tBalanc salgai sae
.)
our nno i ha l e' le tons tt

1 I s s isons Bala e a ar t c lnget sae c tpr ee ngs a t routomesa
2 n ome ubm si , lnc ppe s o hale
he tt our oc di nd hei c
s

viltv o hi c nsiuin l ih s Heh sn a to bej1 8 cam o a pelt a to i ti c u'c n eni
oaie f s o ttt a rg t. a o cina l 9 3 li r p lae cin n hs o l o c r ng
o
t
te esaec uta to s h we e. Lo rfd rlc u t d no h v j s ito t rve t j d me t o sae
h s tt o r cin , o v r we e ea o rs o t a e midcin o e iw he u g ns f tt
c u t. Pllrv.M o r ,1 9 F,d 7 ,7 1 (t Ci.1 9 ) J s ito f ra pelt rviw o sae c u t
o rs ve
oe 2 3 28 3 4h r 9 7 . midcin o p l e e e f tt o r
a
j d me t Ie e cu ieywihs p ro saec u t a , tmaey wiht eUni d Sae S p e Co r.I . t
u g ns is x lsv l t u eir tt o rs nd ul tl, t h t tts u rme u t d a
i
e
7 ; 8U.. 51 5 .
31 2 SC. 2 7
13

a y j1 8 rtl to cam,be a e d fn a t n ih r d n e hm a c s t c u t n r
n
9 3 eai in li
a
c us e e d n s ete e id i c e s o o rs o
punihedhi f e r ii t tc tt i rght
s
m or xe c sng ha onsiutonal i .
I a es ha a co tt tona rght t r as bl a c s t t c t . See Lew i v.
nm t
ve
nsi u i l i
o e ona e c es o he our s
s

Ca e 51 U. 3 ,3 - 3 ( 9 6 . I te imae rti Sth t os ...t atc Eiq
sv, 8 S. 43 515 1 9 ) f h n t eans tj e o l
l
o ta k h s
S n e c s drdl O C laeal a d . .o c alng t c n iin o gilc n ie n ,he
e tn c , ie y r oltr l n . t h l e he o dto s f hs o fn me t t n
y,
e
G imp i e t o a y o h rltg t c p ct i smpl o e o t i i na tn p re ty
s l ann n f n t e iiai a a iy s i y n f he ncde tl a d ef cl
l
ng
c nsi in l c n e u n e o c n ito a d ic re ain. I . a 3 5 Baln e
o tt o a) o s q e c s f o vcin n n ac rto ' d t 5 .
m
'
la c
m ic r c e i hi r f a t sg t Re e s ofLi biiy asa e r ie ofhi rg t a es
j ha a t rzes s e us l o i n he l a e
a lt
n xe c s
s i ht o cc s
t c t. Thi de ii n di no nvol a atempt t pur ue r dr s i a co t of 1 w
he ours
s c so d ti ve ny t
o
s e es n
ur
a
c
once ni eihe li c ci n orhi co to o c
r ng t r ls onvito
s ndii ns f onfne e . M or over a dic s d,t
m nt
e , s s us e he
c lnge polc di no f c hi t wai a rg ofa ce st a c t butr t ,ofe ed
hale d iy d t or e m o ve ny i ht c s o ny our,
aher f r

lm t e c o c t p s e s h s p ro a p o e t i p io s b e t t te l tto i t
l h h ie o o s s i es n l r p ry n rs n, u j c o h i ains n he
i
mi
VDOC ' pr pe t po1c , orno t ha us oft tpr ry a RNCC.3
s o ry iy
t o ve e ha ope t t
1

1 Bala e poi st t f l ng ialci d pori oft Ree e ofLibiiy f m asco tt i a c
3
lnc
nt o he olowi t i ze
tons he las
a lt or
nsiutng omplt
ee
wai rofhi rgh t a ce st c rt:
ve
s i t o c s he ou s

I c nsd rto o te a o ea e e ta n td i Opeaig P o e ue rOP' 8 2.,1 B,
n o ieain f h b v nd xcp s oe n rtn r c d r û ' 0 1 V,
j
ExtntofLibiiy, a i r ognii a a s i ofal rs a dange sofda get I s
e
a lt nd n ec ton nd s umpton
l iks nd
r
ma o, os

o , rtelo p ro l r p ry 1a r et h l teftt,teV
fo h f f esna p o et, g e o od h sae h DOCJ a di e o e hamls
n t mplyes r es
s
wi rga dt a y Is o teto o d ma t mypes na prpet. 1f rh rr la ete
t e r o n os f hj f r a ge o
h
ro l o r
y ute ee s h
Ltt,te V
sae h DOCZ a d i e o e h'm a y a alIg lla it a dcai whc zcva ie
n t mplyes o n nd l e a ibly n l ms ih n . rs
s
i
wih rgar t my peso pr pe t a J
t e d o
r nal o ry, nd pw nott bri an l ui ...r gar ng my
o ng y aws t
e di
pe s lpr ry ort rcove mone on ac ou ofa l s of ort tof orda a t my
r ona ope t
o e r
y
c nt ny os , hef ,
m ge o
pe s na pr ry.
r o l ope t

No wihtn i tea o e Irti a1rg t a drme isu d rte(
t tsa dng h b v , ean l ihs n e de n e h VDOC giv nc
re a e
p o e ue la I u te r c g z t tmys l a d ecu iergh t s e r c v l a is te
r c d rs nd f rh r eo nie ha
oe n x lsv i t o ek e o ey gan t h
Jf c o i e o e rga dn mypes n l o ry . .i t t o ie b f . 8 21a d
llf/ r t mplyes e r ig
. s
ro a prpet . s ha pr vd d y o'/ 0 . n
teln t g iv n epr c d rs o b wrte a pe loteUnt a
h imae re a c o e u e l r y i n p a t h iHe d
t
( lsAf. c. a 9, No 5 - )Th c m'f sn meit Balnc ' c aatrz to o ti d c me t s
Fet fEn lB, t ECF . 64. e o t md o rt o l es h rceiain f hs o u n a
a
.

barng hi a es t c t. The l
ri
s cc s o ours
angua oft Reea e ofLibiiy fnu,a a whol ce ry pr s r es t
ge he l s
a lt o
s
e, la l e e v he
i ae' rgh t s kr m blrementt o VD OC pr e e f t vaueofa iem ofpe s lpr ryl tor
nm t s i t o ee ei zs
hr ugh
oc dur s or he l
nt
r ona ope t os
da edwhiei t posesi ofasa eempl
mag
l n he s son
tt
oyee, t $50. a e s me ohe ar nge
up o 00 bs nt o t r ra mentby t Uni Hea
he t d.
M or r t doc ntis fpr s nt,a t mos,a d e e t tVDOC of i sc n r ie i a c ta ton. I
eove , he ume tel e e s t he t efns ha
fcal a as n our ci
t
doe no pr ntt i t fom brngi acl m i co t a Balanc si tntc edemonsr ts.
s t eve he nmae r
i ng ai n ur, s l e' nsa as
tae

ç t lai n agans a i ae f t e r ie ofhi Fis Am e e rghtofa ce st
s aito
Re
i t n nm t or he xe cs
s rt
ndm nt i
c s o

t c tc s
he ours an uppor acli f r i t rj 1983. Thomps v.Clr 633F. x207,
t am or elef mde
'
'
on
ake,
App'

2 8 (t Ci.2 6 ( i to o te ) Assae ,Baln esd cso n tt sg t eRee s o
0 4 h r 01 ) ct in mitd .
a
ttd la c ' e iin o o in h la e f
Libiiy f m wa not a e r ie of hi rg t a e s t c t. The ef e def nda s
a lt or
s
n xe c s
s i ht o cc s he ours
r or , e nt '
a tons i r pons t Bala e' decson- wihhol ng hi pe s l pr pe t ie i
ci
n es e o
lnc s
ii
t di
s r ona o ry t ms n

a coda ewiht pr pet polc di no c tt ertlaton a tona eunde j1983.
c r nc t he o ry iy-- d t onsiut eai i ci bl
r
D .Fis Am e e Ri t Fr Expr son
rt
ndm nt ght o ee
es i
l t scli Bala e blm e de e nt f t efec sofhi de son nott sg t
n hi a m, lnc a s f nda s or he f t
s cii
o i n he
Re e s of Li lt f m . Bec us t s de ii n pr ve e hi ,pe polc fo pos es i
la e
abiiy or
a e hi c so e nt d m
r iy, r m
s sng
pe s na pr ry,de e nt di notalow hi t pos e si hi c lhi pe s l pu c s d
r o l ope t f nda s d
l
m o s s n s el s r onaly r ha e
t l vii r di a wrtng m aera s or hi book ma c i s a i om i s c i i
e e son, a o, nd ii
t il ,
s
nus rpt, nd hc ng ubs rpton
publc tons1 I es
i ai . 4 n sence,Bala co e t tt c le d polcyt de i d hi o hi
lnce nt nds ha he hal nge
i hus prve m f s
Fis Am e
rt
ndmen rg t fee
t i ht o r dom ofe e so and s e h.
xpr s i n
pe c

$ f rherscliy meaur s gnd ot lgii t pe ogiali e e tq prs may
û ut e trt
To
s e a her e tmae nol c ntr ss, ions
ofe i rnge upo a i a e' Consi to lrgh s' Bal nc v.Viai a,130 F.Supp.2d
tn nfi
n n nm t s
tm i na i t .
' la e
r ni

7 4 7 0( . Va 2 0 ) afds b n m. la c v Ro et,1 F. p' 1 4 (t Ci. 0 )
5 , 6 W D. . 0 0 , f u o Baln e . wlte 1 Ap x 7 4h r 2 01
(iain o te ) As sae ,a p io p lc ta i a t imae ' c n tmi n l rg t
ctto s mitd .
ttd
rs n oiy h t mp cs n t s o si o a ih s
t
wihsa c tt tona s r tny i i i t ea ona y r lt d t l tm a epe ogi a i e ess'
t tnds onsiu i l c ui f t s û s bl ea e o egii t nol c l nt r t .
r
'
Tur r 48 U . a 89.
ne , 2 S. t

1 Balnc alege i hi unveii ame d co ai t t deenda s i e pr td t polcy as
4
la e l s n s
rfed
nde mpl nt ha f nt ntr ee he i

pe e t ghm 9o c ln o wrtngltest hsfmi ( mpl9) Whi f lsaed p iaino a imaes
rv ni i m al g r ii etr o i a l Co . .
n
i
y.
l ul c l e rv to f n n t'
e
a lt t r c vepe s na mal9om f miy woul pr e c us f c e ,Bal eha notpr e e a ge ne
biiy o e ei r o l i
a l
d esnt a e or onc m
lanc s
es ntd
nui
is ofm aeralfcts ng t tdefnda si pos a s r srcin. Spectc l he ha notpr de a
sue
t i a howi ha e nt m ed ny uch etito
ii aly,
s
ovi d ny
afda t de a ai orohere de i ntf ng pa tc ari
fi vi, clr ton, t
vi nce de iyi
riul ncomi pes
ng ronallter t the wasno al d t
et s ha
t lowe o
r ei and r ad a RNCC,orsai a i by deenda s pe s ly,t ti e f ed wih hi a lt t r cei
ec ve
e t
ttng ctons
f nt, r onal ha ntrer
t s biiy o e ve
pe s na lter orm a t lphone c l t fm iy whie he wa co i d a RN CC. M or ove ,hi s isons
r o l et s
ke ee
als o a l
l
s nfne t
e r s ubm s i
cl ry i c et thewasa et c
eal ndiat ha
bl o ommuniaewihhi mohe a
c t t s t r boutsndi mone
e ng
y.

15

The c ut has ar a uphe d t Re e e of Li biiy r quie
ot'
le dy
l he l as
a lt e r ment unde t Tur r
r he
ne
f c or . Asdic s d,t polc i r as bl r lt d t f t rng lgii ae VDOC i e e t ,
at s
s us e he i y s e ona y e ae o urhe i e tm t
nt r ss
a Bala e r ti d a ce st ot rm e ns t e r ie hi fe e es i rght,t o h t
nd lnc ea ne c s o he
a o xe cs s r e xpr son i s hr ug he
prs lbr r a i ge pa tm 'i a m aii m a e i s M or ove ,Balanc c d a s
ion i a y nd ndi nt cke i ng nd
t
lng t ral.
e r l e oul l o

ha r gai d pos es i of hi pe s na pr pe t f t s pur es m e e y by sgni t
ve e ne
s son
s r o l o ry or he e pos
rl
i ng he
Re e s of Li biiy f m . Fi ng no ge ne is of m ae i l f t i dipu e on whi
la e
a lt or
ndi
nui s ue
t ra ac n s t
ch
Ba l e c d pr vai i , t s Fis Am e
lmw oul e l n hi r t
ndme cli ,t c twilgr ntde e nt m o i n
nt am he our l a
f nda s' to

f rsl r j d me ta dd n Baln e smoin.
o l
mmay u g n n e y la c ' to
E. Ei h Am e e Conce s
ght
ndm nt
m
l hi f t a tfh cai , Ba lnce c e
n s ourh nd s t l ms
la
ont nds t t de e n s e
ha f nda t xpos hi t
ed m o
unc tt i lpunihme - by r usngt al w hi hyg e ie f 805 da ,by r quii
onsiutona
s nt
ef i o lo m
i ne t ms or
ys
e rng
hi t sa a t n ston a ha d foor f hotr o Augus 1 2015 a by de ng li
m o tnd nd he i
r l
or ls n
t 2,
, nd
nyi zm
prs m e l 9om Augus 201 t Fe u y 201 Thi cli l ksm e i.
ion as
t 5 o br ar
6. s a m ac
rt
W hie prs ofk i s mus Ga r a ona e m e ur s t gu r n ee t s f t of t
l ion i al
t t ke e s bl
t
as e o a a t he a e y
he

imae , Hu s n v Pame , 8U. 51 ,5 -2 ( 98 ) Gtot ee tn ta (rs n l n )
n ts' d o . l r 46 S. 7 26 5 7 1 4 , l l h x e t h t p io i g
'
l
vi
c tons a er titve a e n ha s t y a e pa toft pe ly t tc i i ofe r pay
ondii
r esrc i nd ve r h, he r r he nat ha rm nal fnde s

f rtero fn e a an ts cey. Rho e v.Cha ma 45 U. 3 7 3 7 ( 9 1 . Th rf r ,
o h i fe s s g i s o it '
' ds
p n, 2 S. 3 , 4 1 8 ) ee o e
o l ç x rme d p iain ' c n s t f t e o j ci e ee n o a Eihh Ame d n cam
ny l te e rv to s' a ai y h be tv lme t f n g t
e
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lf ' ne es ii . Rhodes 452 U. a 347.i-'e Ei ht Ame e doesno pr bi c ue
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u f rd eius r insc n y ia r n a nu y s eul f h haln e o i n
i

16

h smpl h sn tb e s be td t cu la d u u u lp n s me twi n t e me nn o t e
e i y a o e n u j ce o r e n n s a u ih n t h a ig f h
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Ame d n ' S rc e v. ae s 98 F.d 1 7 1 1( t Ci. 9 3 .
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Baln e ma e n s o n t t h s fee a p sc l ij r a a r s t o t e
la c k s o h wig ha e u f rd ny hy ia nu y s e ul f h
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hal nge
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'
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r e e by wihhol ng hi ne unde Vigi a Code Annottd j53.- 1,whe i i
elas
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17

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W i so ,23 F.d 1 9 1 5 8 ( t Ci.2 01 ( ic s ig t e fc t a imae h ve o l
n t n 4 3 7 , 8 - 6 4h r 0 ) ds u sn h a t h t n ts a n y
lmie p o e t rg t wi r s e tt ic met y c o s t plc it imaetu ta c u t)
i td r p ry ihs t ep c o n o he h o e o a e n o n t r s c o n s.
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Be us he ha a pa ol ei biiy da e t sa ut r quie VDOC ofi i s t s ve a c ra n
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f n sd rn h si c r eain Fu te r,b t tnnso j5 .- 3 1a d VDOC o rtn
u d u ig i n ac rto . rh nno e y he e
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pr ed e , Ba l nc r t ns t uli a e r g t a pos e s o o t m one i li t s
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t di e r m nt nd he m unt t l he s
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l i onc m ng ls ac
ur e
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es
1 1 CON CLU SI
1.
ON

l ac or nc wih t f egoi t c twilgr ntde e n s m o i f s
n c da e t he or ng, he our l a
f nda t ' ton or umm a y
r

j dg n , nd d n Baln e smoin f rs mmayj d me t An a p o raeo d rwilis e
u me t a e y la c ' to o u r u g n .
p r p it r e l s u
t sda
hi y.
The Clr i die t d t s nd c e of t s me or ndum o ni a a compa ng
e k s r c e o e opi s
hi m a
pi on nd c
nyi
or rt pl ntf a c
de o ai if nd ouns lofr c d f rt de e nt .
e
e or o he f nda s
ENTER: Thi 28t da o M a c 201
s h y f r h, 7.
Chi Unie S a e DititJ
e
t d t t s src udge

18