Snodgrass v. Gilbert et al

Filing 112

MEMORANDUM OPINION. Signed by Senior Judge Glen E. Conrad on 12/17/2018. (slt)

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CLERK' OFFI U.S. ST COURS CE DI . I AT ROANOKE, VA FIED L I THE UNI N TED STATES DI STRI COURT CT FO R TH E W ESTERN D I STR I O F VI G I A CT R NI R O A N O K E DI I O N V SI DEC 1? 2 1 23 J A e. ULI DUD B: X Y , UTY zw . EK . R R . K EVI SN O D GR ASS, . N JR , CA SE N O .7: 6C V 00091 1 Pl i i f a nt f , V. M EM O R AN D UM O PI I N ON CHRI STOPHER GI LBERT, & , c By: Gl n E.Conr e ad Se orUnied St e Dit itJudge ni t at s s rc De e f ndant . s The pli if Ke n Snodgr s J . a Vigi a i t pr ee ng pr K ,fld tls c vi antf, vi as , r, r ni nma e oc di o ie li i l rg t' cin pls a tt 4 U. C.j1 8 ,riig mutpe cams Th c u th s ar a y ih s a to t u n o 2 S. r 9 3 asn lil li . e o r a le d a j d c tdma yo hi camsrg r i gp io c ndto .Afe r ve o t rc r ,h c u t du iae n f s li e ad n rs n o i ns tr e iw.f he e o d t e o r i c n ld s t t t tr e d fnd ns rmanng b fr te c u t a e e tte t j d me t o cu e ha he h e ee a t e ii e o e h o r r n ild o u g n . S o g a sh sas tldamo inf ritro u oy ij n t er le ta tec u t s ds s. n d rs a lo ie to o ne lc t l n u ci eif h t h o r mu t imis v The c t ss ma iedt pr e alhit r oft sc s i proro ni ,ECF Nos our ha um rz he oc dur so y hi a e n i pi ons . 3 a d 8 . Fo r a o sae i t o e o no s t e c u tg a td sl r j d me to a1 3 q 6 r e s ns ttd n h s piin , h o r rn e l mmay u g n n 1 camse e talg tr tl to f rt panifsl iain ef rs a d a o tdt eRe o ta li xc p l eI eai in o he litf i g to fo t, n d' e h p r nd e a t ' p Re o n ain o tema itaej d er g r igt er s lso ab nc tils eha c nd t d c mme d to f h g srt u g e adn h e ut f e h ra h d o uce on t tcai o Aug t23 a 24, 7. I lghtoft i e ve ng c ur ofa al decson i hé l m n us nd 201 n i he ntr ni o t ppe s ii n Bo k rv S. De to Co'. 5 F.d 5 3 (t Ci.2 7 ,h we e ,t e c u tv c td t e o e . 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C. 6 6 b' )B) r c e i s p ru n t 8 S. j 3 ( )1( . ( On J y 1 201 J ul 7, 8, udge Sa ge cond t a a tonalbe h ti o t r m ani r nt uced n ddii nc ral n he e i ng camsa d S o pus 'moin f ritro uo y ij nci r l fl Th p risa re t a t li n n d s to o nel c tr nu t ei . e a t g e d h t he ve e e j g c ud as c n i e e i e c tk n d rng t e 2 7 b n h til Th c s i prs nl ud e o l lo o sd r v d n e a e u i h 01 e c ra. e a e s e e ty be or . cour on J f et he t udge Sa ge ' r por a rc mme d t n Cl e rp l ,ECF No 1 0 r nts e t nd e o n ai t e of) o h . 1, 'i 1 $ rc mme igj d me tf rt d fn a t, n S d r s ' be to t eeo ECFNo 1 1 e o i ndn u g n o he ee d n s a d no g a s o j cins h rt , . 1. ! 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The doc tr fecst tt c tno ii Snodg a sweli a nc t t J y 2018 he rng s d ke e l t ha he our tfed r s l n dva e hat he ul a i houl icu ee d n eo t rmann rtl to cam a wela hi moin fritro uo y ijmcierl f S e n ld vie c n he e iig eai in li s l s s to o nelc tr nt tv ei e a e ECFNo. 4( ie t S o g aso Ma 1 20l) 9 mald o n d rs n y 7, 8 . 2 The c tha omitd i er quoaton maks alertons or cttons hee and elewhe e i t s our s te nt nal t i r , t a i , iai r s r n hi m emor ndum opi o unl sot r s not a nin, es he wie ed. 2 To fnd i f vo ofSnodg as ,t co 'mus bepe s ded t theha pr n ea h oft i n a r r s he uz t t r ua ha s ove c he ee e sofhi r t i i cli sby a pr ponde a e oft e denc I r W i hi 397 U . lm nt s ealaton am e r nc he vi e. n e ns p, S. 358,371 (970) Prpondea oft e de me ns a f ti mor pr e t n not 1 . e rnce he vi nce a ac s e obabl ha . Co r t Pi & Pr .ofCa . I v.Co t.La r r Pe i n Tr f S.Ca . 5 U. 602, nc e e pe ods l- nc. nsr bo e s nso . or 1, 08 S. 6 2( 9 3 . 2 1 9) To pr vali ar t la i cli unde Seci n 1 3,apl i ifse denc m us pe s e i n e a iton am r to 98 antf vi e t ruade t e c u tt a ç 1 he e g g d i p oe td Fis Ame d n a tvt ,( )te d fn a tt o h o r h t & ) n a e n r tce rt n me t ciiy 2 h ee d n o k ( s me a to ta a ves l afce h s Fis Ame me trg t,a d ()t ee wa a c us l o cin h t d rey fe td i rt nd n ih s n 3 h r s a a r lto s p b t e hi p oe td a tv t a d te d fn a tsc n u t' Ma t v Du f ,8 8 eain hi ewe n s r tce ciiy n h ee d n ' o d c. ri . fv 5 ' n F.d 2 9 2 9 ( t Ci.2 7 ,c r.d n e ,1 8 S.Ct 7 8 ( 8 . To r l i te plitY s 3 3 , 4 4h r 01 ) e t e id 3 . 3 201 ) ue n h an i f vo ,t f tfnde mus fnd i m or lkey t n nott tt def nda t t a lgedl a r he ac i r ti t e i l ha ha he e nt ook he le y rtlao y a tln rs o s t t e g ani s e rie o a c n tmto al p oe td rg t' eaitr c ç e p n e o h plitc ) xecs f o si in l r tce ih . i y ' Ad msv. c , 0F.d7 , 5(t Ci. 9 4 . a Rie 4 3 2 7 4h r 1 9 ) ' S o g a so j cst t erpo tsc aa trz to o c rantsi n a d d c me tto n d rs b e t o h e r' h r ce iain f e ti etmo y n o u n ain a isf itr t i epr tt e de e a pr ofhi as e t c am sa i tt defnda s I nd t alle o nt r e he vi nc s oof s s red l i ga ns he e nt . n lg to te eo j cins te c u t a s e i l c n uce éqn v rv e o ter p r a i h f h s b e to , h o r h s p ct l o d td o o e iw f h e o t nd ka y t ie ofe de t tSnodgr s hashi i ht d. Fr t sr viw,t co tco l st t he t ms vi nce ha as ghlg e om hi e e he ur ncude ha 1 t we g oft e de e f ly s pors t ma e i lf t lfndi a t lgalc l i he i ht he vi nc ul up t he t ra acua i ngs nd he e onc usons oft r po t he e r . The201 r por r ogniest tSnodgr s e r s d hi Fis Am e e rg sby flng 8 e t ec z ha a s xe cie s rt ndm nt i ht i nume ousi or a co ai f ms a gre nc . Some oft a i sr tver me f r s r nf m l mpl nt or nd iva es he dm nita i e dy o m i t r co d i l t na e of o orm or of t def nda s The r ta s fnds t t n hé e r ncude he m s ne e he e nt . epor lo i ha Snodg as a hi wine s pr e e s e e de e t t t de e nt m a c r s nd s t s es es nt d om vi nc ha he f nda s de omm e t ns s ugge tng a r ltons p be we n hi flng of ( pe wor 'a hi de a d pr es i t si ea i hi t e s ii G r k' nd s l ye ogr s n he pa Se egai n St pgr to e Down Pr n .3 The de e n s t tfed t t t y ha neve t e tne ogr m f nda t esii ha he d r hr ae d Snodgr s wih l rs gr t d c i me ,a had ne rr t la e a i thi ,be a e of a s t onge e egae onfne nt nd ve e a it d gans m c us hi us oft gre nc pr e es The201 r por sa e t t s e he iva e oc dur . 8 e t tt s ha t e de e be or t c t doe no pe s de m e t t a of t delys i he vi nc f e he our s t rua ha ny he a n Snodgr s ' pr e son t o h t Stpa s s ogr s i hr ug he e Down pr a w e e c us d by a tons ogr m r a e ci t ke by t defnda si a e f tt r t lae a i tSnodg a sf e r ii a n he e nt n n for o e ai t ga ns r s or xe c sng hi rg t pe ii by flng co pl nt a gre nc .To t co r r 1 s i ht o tton ii m ai s nd iva es he nta y, co i t be pe s de t twhe Snodgr s e t e e adely, he dea wa ntnue o r ua d ha n a s ncomt r d a t ly s bas d on hi own a tonsorhi own f l et pr e st ought pr r m . e s ci s aiur o ogr s hr he og a Re t14,ECF N o.11 por 0. Fr m X no rviw of t pates e de , t c t lke s c l o vo e e he ri ' vi nce he our i wie oncudes t t ha Snodg a s ha no pr n t ca ai n elm e of hi r t iton c am . The c t i not r s s t ove he us to e nt s eala i l i our s pe s de t t a o t de e nt 'c a sfc to de ii ns a r ua d ha ny f he f nda s l s i ai n cs o bout Snodgr s sa's we e a s' t t u r motvaed by a i e i t r t lae agans hi f hi us oft g i va pr ed e . The i t n nt nton o e ait i t m or s e he re nce oc ur s se down pr r m i i e t pog n s nt nded t c nge i t 'be vi r a t nki t pr pa e t m f o ha nma es ha o nd hi ng o e r he or s f r e r i o a ge a populton s ti a a s h,i ha s ve a co pone s Some a e e nty nt ner l a i e tng, nd s uc t s e r l m nt . c mp n n s ae o j ci e i ldng t r q ie n t rman fe o n w d s i i r o o e t r be tv , ncu i he e ur me t o e i r e f e icpl y na I i rci nfa tons a t r uie e t c nd he eq r m nt o ompl t a sgne pori ee s i d tons of t Cha lng Sere he le e is wo k o k . Anoh ri o tn c mp n n o t e se - o p o r m tn a y prs n s c rt rb o s t e mp ra t o o e t f h tp d wn r g n a d n io e u iy ca st to d cso )i s be tve s h a o fcas we l rtng o t ei maesb h vir lsi in e ii n s u j ci , uc s fiil' edy ai s f h n t ' e a o ka a t i as es me oft l ve ofrs hepos i r l s d fom s gr to nd her s s nt he e l ik es f eea e ' e egai n. r W inese tsi t S t s s etfed hat nodgrs ofe r c ve a wa notfed oi poor be ' o a s tn e ei d, nd s ii l ha r vi r tngs bec us he was nots wi a a opra e l velof r s c . The e 1 r tngs we e ai , a e ho ng n ppr it e e pe t s ow a i r 3 The 2017 and 2018 r t pr de det l a epors ovi ais boutt sep- zpr a t t cour wilnot he t dom ogr m hat he t l rg a h r. Moe v r tec u t a ara y d tr n dta ofcas o c so a mia piaino o e e t ee ro e,h o r h s l d eemie h t fiil' ca in l sp l t f r e c o f l e t com pl w ih s e down pr alur o y t t pocedur does not rs t t l of a consiutonalvi a i and es ie o he evel tt i olton t s do sn tsaea y vibl cam f r le un rj 1 3. hu , e o tt n a e li or eif de 98 4 s f e ,pe polc t dely hi pr e s t r l s r src i confne e c tons ufkl nt r i y, o a s ogr s owa d e s e titve i m nt ondii , r r dl s ofwheherhe ha c eg es t d omplt d r uie cas e orbooks or ha a de d s i i r e e eq r d l s s , d voi d i cplna y c r s M o e r Snodgr s ha pr s nt no e de e ofr a it y m o i - - a r as ha ge . r ove , as s e e ed vi nc etla or tve -of ny e on t tt def nda swoul ke p hi i t se down pr n l r m e el bec us he fld ha he e nt d e m n he t pogr m onge , r y a e ie gre nce a iva s bout t m or hi s gr ga i cas i a i he s e e ton l sfc ton. Ove al t co ltfnds t gr a e r l, he tr i he e t r wei of t mor c e bl e de e t be t t none oft de e nt i e i ly dea d ght he e r di e vi nc o ha he f nda s nt ntona l lye Snodgr s'se down pr e sbe a e ofhi i or c as t pogr s c us s nf mal ompl i so gre nc s. ant r iva e Ba e on t ma e i lf t tndi i t r por a t c r ' own 4 novorviw of s d he t ra acuali ngs n he e t nd he ou ts q e e . t r é d asr feced i t so ni t c tco l st tSnodg a sha f l d t pr hi he e or el t n hi pi on, he our ncude ha r s s aie o ove s r t i i ca ms by a pr ponde a e of t e de e. Ac r ngl t c twil ove ze ealaton li e r nc he vi nc co di y, he our l m l S o g a s o j cin t t erpo t a o tt rpo ti ise trt ,a e trj g n frte n d r s' be to s o h e r, d p he e r n t n iey nd n e ud me t o h de e nt . f nda s S o g a s moin f ritro u o y ij n tv r l f ECF No 9 s e sata fra y n d r s' t o n elc t r nu cie ei , o e . 2, e k rnse wa fom W ale Ri Stt Prs n,whe ehe i c r nty c i t a l rs urt lve prs r lns dge ae i o r s ur e l onfned, o owe ec iy e l ion f iiy. The t ee de e an s r mai ng be or t cou ta e e pl es ofRe Oni St t ac lt hr f nd t e ni f e he r r m oye d on a e Prs not W a lns li . l i undiput d t t none of t m ha a ho iy t have hi ion, le tdge. t s s e ha he s ut rt o m ta f re ele r On t s g ound,t de e nt ha m ove f dim is lofSnodgr s r ns e r d s whe e. hi r he f nda s ve d or s s a as ' m oto a t c twilgr ntt i m o i n.An a oprae o de wile e t sda i n, nd he our l a her to ppr i t r r l ntr hi y. The Cl r i dieced t s nd c e o t s me or ndlm opilon a a co nyi e k s r t o e opi s f hi m a l ri nd c mpa ng or rt pl i i fa t couns ofr c d f t de e nt . de o a ntf nd o el e or or he f nda s Ex' rsR:Thi 1 I da ofDec m be , 201 s -N y e r 8. Se orUnie Stt sDititJ e ni t d a e src udg

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