Armstrong v. Clarke et al

Filing 3

MEMORANDUM OPINION. Signed by Chief United States District Judge Glen E. Conrad on 7/1/2016. (tvt)

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ATROANOKE,
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I TH E UN I
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BY:
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C A SE N O .7: 6CV 00106
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Pe i i r
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M EM ORANDUM OPI ON
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HAROLD w . AuxE, RECTOR,
ct
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By: H on.G ln E.Conrad
e
C hi fU nie St e Di t i tJudge
e
t d at s s r c

R e ponde .
s
nt

Le x Kha E1Ar tong,a Vigi a i a e pr e ng. o > ,fl d t s aci n a a
nno
n
msr
r ni nm t oce di pr t e hi to s
-

peii fram ' ofha asc pust r28U. C.j2254. Ar tong alege t taVigni
tton o
i
t
be or mde
S.
msr
l s ha
ri a
good c
onduc tme saut a t a ia i oft tsa ut t hi s e e by ofk i l oft
t i t t e nd he pplc ton
ha tt e o s entnc
t a s he

Vigna De a t n o Co rcin (VDOC' h s d p ie im o c nsiuin ly p oe td
r ii p rme t f re to s :
:
' a e rv d l f o ttto al r tce
)
i
rght. Upon r vi of t r or t c tc l
i s
e ew
he ec d, he our oncudes t t t a ton mus be s ma iy
ha he c i
t
um rl

dimisd,bec us Ar tong' algai fi t saea cai f r i unde j2254.
s se
a e msr s le tons al o tt ny l m or elef r
1
1
.

Fo crm i lofe esc mit i 2011 Ar sr ng wa c ce i t Cic tCour
r i na f ns om ted n
, m to
s onvit d n he r ui
t
oft Ciy ofW a bor a s nt nce i J y 201 t t n ye r i prs n,wih fve yea s
he t
ynes o nd e e d n ul
2 o e a s n io
t
r
s pe
us nded. Ar md t s tm e hewa a s s t nc d t 18m ont i prs f apr to
ot he ame i ,
s l o en e e o
hs n ion or obai n

vi ai r lt t a ofe ecommitd i 2009,gi ng li a aci s nt nc ofsx yea sa
ol ton e aed o n f ns
te n
vi lm n tve e e e i
r nd
r s
s
sxmo t st s r ei t eVign aDe a t n o Co rcin (VDOC' .Arm stong' appeal
i n h o e v n h r ii p rme t f re to s ç
G
'
)

wer uns c s t .
e uc es fz
l

1 Und rRue4()o t Rue Go enn j2 4 Cae,te c ur ma s mmai ds s a j2 5
e l b f he ls v rig 25 ss h o t y u rl imis
y
24
p t inGifi panya p as9o t p tt n a da yatc e e hbt ta tepeio e i n e ie t rl f
eio sz t lil p e r m he eii n n t h d x ii h t h tin r s ot ntld o ei
t l
o
a
s
t
t
e
i t diti c
n he srct omt'
'

Ar sr ng e e ed VDOC c t i Se e
m to nt r
usody n pt mber201 Shorl t r afe ,he r c i d
2.
ty he e tr
e e ve

n tc o h sa n lrviw b t I si ina Clsi ain Auhoiy (I ' f rNo e e
oie f i n ua e e y he n tmto l a st to t rt t CA' o v mb r
k
t )
201 sai t theha be ni tal ca sfeda as tiylve 2 a at
2, ttng ha
d e niily ls ii s ecu t e l nd G lvel1. ( t
GCA e
5 Pe.
'

Ex.D) Si lry,Ar to g s Cae P a Ag e me tf rAu s 2 3 a d h s I a n l
. mial msr n ' r ln re n o gut 01 n i CA n ua
rv e n tc f r2 4 r fre t h sC
e iw oie o 01 e er d o i G
GCA lv l' ( e Pe.Ex.C a d I) Ac o dn t
e e. Se t
'
n . c r ig o
Annsr
tong,GGCA' o hi pa r k r e r d t Vig ni s Good Co uc Alowa s t m .
G
' n s pe wor ef re o r i a'
nd t l nce yse

SeeVa CodeAnn.jj53.- 98t - 2..
.
1 1 o 20 1
Vig ia' GCA s tm f r good c
ri s
yse o
onduc tme pr des t tGe r pe s who,o o
ti
ovi ha lve y r on
n r
a trJ y 1 1981, sbe n c ced ofa f l ... a bee ild t good co uc alowa e
fe ul ,
ha e onvi t
eony
m y
ntte o
nd t l nc

no t e c e tea t s tfrhi j5 .- 15 Va Co e An j5 .- 9 . S cin5 12
t o x e d h mo mt e o t n 3 120 . . d . n. 3 1 1 9 e to 3.- 01
'
pr vi f pos i e lvesofGCA c e t a i t m a en n t r duc M sma mlm tr of
o des our sbl e l
r dis n nma e y r o e e
xi l e m

c n e n : Cls I( 0 d ysGCA ce i fre c 3 d y s r e ) Cls 1 ( d ysGCA
o fn me t a s 3 a
rdt o a h 0 a s e v d ; a s 1 20 a
ce i fre c 3 d y s r e ) Cls II(0 d y GCA c e i f re c 3 d yssr e ) a d
rdt o a h 0 a s e v d ; a s 1 1 a s
rdt o a h 0 a e v d ; n

Cls I ( GCA ce i e r e )
a s V no
rd t an d .
I 1 9 teVigni Ge ea As e l e ce t eû r e Se tnc Crdt'(ES '
n 9 4,h r i a n r l s mby na td h G n d ne e e is' G C'
Ea
: )
s tm. Va Code Ann.jj53.- 2,- 3,- 4. TheESC good tme s tm a ist
yse
.
1202. 202. 202.
i yse pple o
i aes s n e e f ofe e c
nm t e t nc d or f ns s omm itd on or a tr J nua y 1,1
te
fe a r
995. Suc a i a e m a
h n nm t
y
a c z ult a m a mlm off l a one hal da ofc e ta i thi t r ofc ne e pe
c lm a e
xi l
otr nd
f ys r di gans s e m
oo m nt r

e c 30da s v d.Va.
ah
ys er e
CodeAnn.j53.- 3.
1202.
Ar s r
m t ong c e t t he i e il d t G CA c e t , bec us hi of e e oc ur ed
ont nds ha
s ntte o
r dis
a e s f ns s c r

a tr J y 1 1 ,a hi e dy prs pa r k us d t e i ta s i r f r i t hi good
fe ul , 981 nd s a
ion pe wor e hes niil n e e rng o s
c
onduc tm e saus The notc a he dng r por r l t d t Ar sr ng' De mbe 201 I
t i tt .
i e nd a
e t e a e o m to s ce r 5 CA
n
nnualr viw, howe r do no m e i G
e e
ve ,
t nton E
GCA l ve , a r f r i t d t hi Gg
e l' nd e e nsea o s çood tme
'
i

e r i lv l' i l o Ti Le l'o i a s Le e. ( t Ex.B a d B1) F rh nno e a
a nng e ey i o d me ve, r G s v l' Pe.
'f
' cl
'
n
. u te r ,
s nt nc sl a' is
e e e lmm l s ued t Ar sr
y
o m tong i J nua y 201 i caes t t as t e c of t
n a r
6, ndi t ha
o ah
he
s nt nce hei c enty s r ng,hi good tme ha be a wilc i t bec c a e unde
e e s s=
l e vi
s
i
s en nd l ontnue o
alult d
r

t eESC s se ( t Ex. )
h
y tm. Pe . E.

Ar to ' j2 5 p tto a srstef lo n o elp i g o n sf rr le: ( b
msrng s 2 4 eiin se t h ol wi g v ra png r u d o eif A) y
e ci Va.Code Ann.j53.- 2,t Vigi a lgilt e tmpar isoblgai t t
na tng
1202. he r ni e saur t ied t i ton o he
i

c nr c wi ' peiin r ce tn a p oe td l e t itrs i GCA c e i;( b sdp n
o ta t t ' t o e , raig r tce i ry ne et n
h
t
b
r dt B) y t pig
peii r o hi rg t en n good tm e c e t und rt GCA s t m ,t VDOC vi a e hi
ttone f s i ht o r
i r dis e he
yse he
olt d s

d p o e srg t;a d ( Gh (
ue r c s i hs n C) t e VDOC)d l rtl mic nsnld p o g te ja de f r e
t
ei aey so t e , r mulald n n o c d
be
Vigi al wswili isope a i pr e esa i doi s vi a e 'pe ii ne ' c tm tonal
r ni a
tln t
r tng oc dur nd n ng o olt d' tto rs onsi i
rg s unde t Ei h Ame e a hi rg s t r sae l w a t Consiu i n of
i ht
r he ght
ndm nt nd s i ht mde tt a nd he
tt to

vig na2 ( e. 6, N o 1)
r i i. P t 5- ECF
.
.

II.

Th fdea dsrc c u tth l e trana a plc to f rawrto h b a c r u ( n e
e e rl itit o r G al n eti n p iai n o
s
i f a e s op s u d r
28U.. j2 5 ) i b h l o apes n i c td p ls a tt t ej dg n o aS aec u t nv
SC. 2 4 n e af f ro n uso y t u n o h u me t f tt o r o l
r
on t g ot t the i i c t i vi a i of t Consi ton orl ws or teai s o t
he r md ha
s n usody n olton
he
tm i
a
r te f he

UntdStts' j2 4 a (mp ssa d d .Th Gh e s n eo h be sc r u i a atc b a
ie ae . 25 ( ) e hai d e ) e t e se c f a a o p s s n ta k y
'
t
pe s i c t y upo t l lt oft tc t ' Pr s rv.Rodrgue 411 U. 475,484
r on n usod
n he egaiy ha usody.' eie
i z,
S.

( 9 3 . An cam c n e nn t ef c o lngh o apeiin rsp e e to f tr c n me n
1 7 ) y li o c r ig h a t r e t f t o e ' r sn r ' u e o f me t
t
u
f l e us ve y i t ha as a e I a 48 A c a m t tpe ii rw asw r
als xcl i l n he be r na. d. t 7. l i ha ttone
ongf ly de i d
u l prve
2 I J ne2015, Ar ko Gld apeii f ra wrtofha asc pusi t Sup emeCour ofVigi a
n u
ms ng e
tton o
i
be or n he r
t
r ni,
a gui smia camsr r ng hi alege rghtt r cevegood tme cedi unde t GCA s t i t d oft
r ng i lr li ega di s l d i o e i
i r t
r he
ysem nsea
he
ESC s tm. ''e Supr Cour dimis hi peiin o Oco r15 201 fndi t tAr to scli we e
yse Ih
eme
t s sed s tto n tbe , 5, i ng ha msr ng' ams r

l o c g ia e ( c u e ...hsCo r' h b a c r u j s ito icu e Ta e i whiha od r e trdi
s t o nzbl bea sl ti u ts a e s op s midcin n ld s c ss n c n r e, nee n
n
t peii ' f vor...wil a a matrof1w a sa ng aone,diecl i ctt dur to ofape iine '
he ttoners a
l, s
te
a nd t ndi l
r ty mpa he ain
tto rs

c n e n ' ( t Me 7 ECF No. 11 ( u t Carl v Jl o , 6 5 S. 2 6 7 6 2 ( 0 9)
o fn me t' Pe. m. ,
'
-) q oi
ng rol . oms n 8 E.d 4 , 5 2 0 ).
Ac or ngy,t scou wilpr 'me.ha Ar tong hasno a lbl sae c tr medy on t s is s a hi
c di l hi rt l esl t t msr
vaia e tt our e
he e sue , nd s

camsae teeoe e ha se a rqurdu e j2 409.
li r,h rfr, x u td s e ie nd r 25
3

of e m e good c
a d
onduc c e tt tr ule i a l rt r ofconfne e c n be c ni bl
t r di ha es t d n onge e m
i m nt a
og za e

t e j2 5 ,fi i lc t sc nsiuin lyp oe tdrg t.I a 48 - 6.
md r 2 4 i t mp iae o ttto al r tce ih s d. t 5 8
ç he e i no c tmtonalor i r rght of a c c ed pe s t be c tonaly
T r s
onsi i
nhe ent i
onvit
r on o
ondii l
r e ed be or t e r to ofa vald s nt nc ' Gr e t v.I t s oft N e Pe l&
elas
f e he xpiai n
i e e e.' e nholz nma e
he b. na

Co Co lx 4 2 U..1 7 ( 9 9 . Th ,n ih rt Du P o e s Clus no t e Eihh
m mpe , 4 S , 1 7 ) us et e he e r c s a e r h g t
Am e
ndme oblga e Vigi at alow Ar tongt e r GCA c e t ESC c e t ora ot r
nt i t s r ni o l
msr
o nn
r di,
r di, ny he
f m ofgood c
or
onduc cr di t r e ry c tonalr l a e fom prs n. The ef e,t c t
t e t owa d a l ondii
ee s r
io
r or he our
wildimi s Ar sr s pe iin t t e e t the i c am i a Ei h Amendme or
l s s m tong' tto o he xt nt ha
s l i ng n ght
nt
s tntve d pr e srghtt e r good tm ec edi.
ubsa i ue oc s i o n n
i r t
Ofcour e a sa em a volmtrl e t bls unde sa e1 w a good co
s , t t y t a iy sa ih
r tt a
nduc c e ts tm
t r di yse
alowi f e ry c tonalr l s ba e on a i t s g
l ng or a l ondii
eea e s d
n nma e' ood co uc i prs
nd t n ion. I s h
n uc
ca e ,f de a c t m us alow sae a ho ii s C wi r nge f e dm e t ton and t
s s e r l ours
t l
t t ut rte : de a
a
or xpe
nai
he
e r i e of di c e i ' i des gni a i e e i s h a s t m . Se e. ,Fr nkln v.
xe c s
s r ton' n
i ng nd mplm ntng uc
yse
e, g. a i
,
.

S ls 5 9F.d 7 4 8 0 ( t Ci.1 7 )(. b n )(e r ig Vignapao esaue) Asa
Med , 6 2 8 , 0 4h r 9 7 # a c rgadn r ii r l ttts.
q
r ul,a i t sc tt i na pr e tonsr lt d t s h sae 1w ma tr a elmie
es t n nma e' onsiuto l ot c i ea e o uc t t a
te s r i t d.

Ar tong fr t a
msr
s ppea s t a gue t t Vigi a c nnot l wf l r duce t m a m um
r o r
ha r ni n
a uly e
he xi
n ountofgood c uc tm e isi t sm a e r I s ecicl sa es t sa gume co d
m
ond t i t nma e
y n n. n om r lm t nc , hi r
nt ul

ha m e i. The Ex Pos Fa t Clus of t Unie Stt s Consi ton pr bis saes fom
ve rt
t c o a e he
td ae
tm i
ohi t tt r
e c i # p tf co lws t s t a 'n r a e jp n s me tb y n wh twa p e ci e
na tng x os a t a - ho e h t G ce s l u ih n e o d a s r srb d
i
.

wh n t e ci wa c ns mmae ' W e v rv Gr h m,4 0 U. 2 ,3 ( 9 )(n e eig
e h rme s o u td.
' a e . a n 5 S. 4 0 1 81 itprtn
U. Co s. t1 j9 .çf eciia q sini wh t e t 1w c n e t lg l o e ue c s
S. n t Ar., ) t' rtc l ueto s eh r he a ha g s he e a c nsq n e
-h
ofa t c m plt be or ise f c i dae. I a 31 n W e ve ,t Su e eCour hed t ta
c s o eed f e t fe tve t ' d. t .I
'
a r he pr m
t l ha
sae 1w r ducng t a ot ofgood tm e a i a ec d e r w a a unc tm tona #x post
t t a e i he m mt
i n nm t oul n n s n onsi i l
.

4

f t 1w asa idt a i t whos ci wa c
aco a
pple o ny nmae
e rme s ommitdbefr t 1w t e fc.Jla
te o e he a ook fe t .s t
t
36.

Annsr ng ha no vibl # pos f c o cai a ùtt VDOC' cac a i ofli good
to
s
a e x t a t l m bo he
S lulton ls
tm e t r t ls f vor bl ESC s t m . The sa e l il t e e c e t ESC sa u o y
i mde he e s a a e
yse
tt eg sam na t d he
tt t r
s he i 199 a a i i o y t pe s ns who c
c me n
4, nd ppled t nl o r o
ommit c i on o afe J nua y 1
ted rmes
r tr a r ,
1
995. Att s metm e t l gilt e a d apr son t t GCA sam o y s he e lmii
he n i , he e saur dde
ovi i o he
t t r c m , i tng

isa piain f ri mae n ty tc n itd; r i i Co e j5 1- 0 1p o ie ta G t l
t p lc to o n ts o e o v ce Vig na d 3. 2 2. r vd s h t f i e
Ar c
3E j5 .- 9 tr u h 5 120 1 s al ta pyt a ys n e c i s du nac nvcino
j 3 1 1 8 h o g 3.- 2.) h l no p l o n e tn e mpo e po o ito f
a f l ny ofe e c mit o ora trJ nua y 1,1 ' Be us t s c nge t Vigi a'
eo
f ns om ted n
fe a r
995.
' ca e he e ha s o r ni s
good c
onduc s tm oc un'd l bef e Ar tong co mit li c i i ofe e i 2009
t yse
c e ong or msr
m ted ls rm nal f ns s n
a 2011 t we enotunco tmtonal# pos f t l w s
nd
, hey r
nsi i
x t ac o a .
-

Ar to alo a gu t the has be n de i d ofs
msr ng s r es ha
e prve
ome pr e t d i e es i e r ng
ot c e nt r t n n ni
GCA c edi wiho duepr e s Thi cai as l ksm e i.
r t t ut
oc s . s l m lo ac
rt
The Foure nt Am e e ' Due Pr es Cl us pr e t per o
te h
ndm nts
oc s a e ot c s
s ns
a i tde i tonsoflf ,lbe t o pr pe t and t e who s k t i voke is
ga ns prva i
ie i ry, r o ry;
hos
ee o n
t
pr e lalpr ec i mus e t bls t one of t e i e e t i a sake. A
oc dtr
ot ton
t sa ih hat
hes nt r s s s t t
lbe t i e es m a a ie f o t Consiu i n is l,by r as of gua a e
i ry nt r t y rs r m he
tt to te f
e on
r nt es
i i t i t wor (lbe t ' or i m a a i e fom a e c a i or i e e t
mplci n he
d ti ry,' t y rs r
n xpe t ton
nt r s
c e t d by s ael wsorpolcis
rae
tt a
i e.

W ikn o v Ausi,5 U. 2 9 2 ( 0 5 (iainso te ) fap tto re tbls e a
lis n . tn 45 S. 0 , 21 2 0 ) ctto mitd .I ei ne sa ih s
i
pr t t lbe t i e es,t sa e a a tona e pr ed a due pr es ca m, he mus a s
o eced i ry nt r t o tt n c i bl oc ur l
oc s li
t lo
' m onsl t de i ton oft ti t r s wihoutduepr s o lw . Pre o v.Cl r ,780 F.
i
de
t' e prvai
a
ha n e e t t
oce s f a ' it
'
a ke
3d

2 5 2 8 ( t Ci.2 5 . G o e t a d ep o e sr lsae me n t p o e tp ro sn tfo
4 , 4 4h r 01 ) l c dl l u r c s ue r a t o r tc es n o r m
pr
r
t e d p i ai n b tâo t e mitk n o t u tfe d p i to o lf,l ry o p o e t '
h e rv to , u m h sa e r mj siid e rvain f ie i t, r r p ry.
be
'
Cae v. p us 4 5U. 2 7 2 9( 9 8 .
ry Pih , 3 S. 4 , 5 1 7 )

5

Assae , msr n d e n te j ya y l ryitr s drcl t e t Co siuin i
ttd Ar to g o s o no n i t n ee t ie t md r he n t to n
be
y
t
r evi good c
ec i ng
onduc tme. Gr e t , 442 U. a 7. Thus he m us de
t i
e nholz
S. t
,
t monsr t t t
ta e ha
Vigi a lws c e t d t lbe t i e es t whi h he no s ks e ilm e . He ca m a no
r ni a
r a e he i ry nt r t o
c
w ee ntte nt
n ke

s hs
uc howi
ng. On t c r r Vigila 1w e es l sa e t t a i ae co c e of
he onta y, r ri a xpr sy t t s ha n nm t nvit d
ofe es c
f ns omm itd a tr J nua y 1 1
te fe a r , 995,lke Ar tong,cn
i
msr
nnote r GCA c e t a ma
an
r di nd y,

i ta ,e m ES ce i a an ths sn e c . Se Va.Code Ann j5 12 2 1 5 .- 0 .
nse d a
C rdt g is i e tn e3 e
3.- 0 . ; 3 12 2
.

Be us sa e 1w t c e t d no e c a i f Ar sr ng t ea GCA c e ta a tm e
ca e t t a hus r a e
xpe t ton or m to o m
r di t ny i

durnghi prs t r , hasno c tt i nal pr t td lbe t i e es i e r ngt tt of
i
s ion e m he
onsiuto ly o ece i ry nt r t n a ni ha ype
0
good tme. Preo,78 F.3d a 25 Thus Ar sr s pr e aldue pr e s ca m f is on
i 4 it
t 2.
, m tong' oc dur
oc s li a l
t ir tpr oft duepr s a l i a m us bediz s ed a c di y.
he s ong he
oce s nayss nd
t
snis c or ngl
Ar tong as s
msr
lo ugge t t tVigi a' dif r nts tm sofgood c
ss ha r ni s fe e yse
onduc tm es m e
t i o how
c tm t a vi a i o e lpr t to oft lws by teai i t dif r nty bas on
onsi e
olton f qua o eci n
he a r tng nma es fe e l
ed
t da e oft i of e e . Thi c am as l c me i.
he t s her f ns s
s l i lo a ks rt

TheEq a Prt cin Clus p o d sta tnl S aes l . . e yt a y p ro wi i
u l oe to a e r vie h t ç o tt hal . d n o n es n t n
l
h

isj ds ito te e ua p o e to o t e lws' U. Co t n n XI j
t u dcin h q l r tci n f h a . S. ns. me d. V,
'

Co t ha
urs ve

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