Harvey v. Clarke

Filing 26

MEMORANDUM OPINION. Signed by Judge Jackson L. Kiser on 4/13/2017. (tvt)

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ckee : OF CE u.s.D1 COUX FI Gm ATDANVI *, LL VA FIED L 2 AF2 i3 2 1 27 I TH E U M TE D STATE S D I N STR I CO U R T CT FOR THE W ESTERN DI SYRI OF W RGI A CT NI R O A N O K E DI I O N V SI O RL AN D O H A RV EY , Pe i i r tt one , V. HAROLD W . CLARK E, R espondent . 2UL BY; . DL O V c c .. DEPUW C ERK CA SE N O .7: 16CV 001 31 ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) M EM O R AN DU M O PI I N ON By:Hon.Jact on L. ie ls K sr Se or U ni è St e D i t i tJudge ni t d at s s r c Ora Har y,aVigi a i t pr e di pr K ,tm e y fl d ape ii f am i of lndo ve r ni nma e oc e ng o i l ie tton or t . ha e sc r us p ru n t 28U. C.j2 5 ,c alngn t ev l iy o Ha v y' c n i me t b a op , u s a t o S. 2 4 h l i g h ai t f r e s o fne n e d o aj d me ti teCic i Co r o t Ciyo Ly c b r fra g a tdmaiiuswo dn , n u g n n h ru t u t f he t f n h u g o g rvae lco un ig malci wo ng,t c sofus ofafr a m i c i ous undi wo ount e ie r n omm ison ofa f l si e ony,a pa tci ton nd ri pa i i a c i i lsr tga n rm na tee ng. Re ponde fl d a m o i t dimis a Hawe r ponde mnki s nt ie ton o s s , nd l y es d, ng t m a trrpe f r diposton. Aferr e o t r or I gr ntt m oton t dim is a he te i o s ii t eviw f he ec d, a he i o s s nd di m i st pe ii n. s s he tto 1. On M a c 20,2011 ar und 11 P. . t e rh , o M , e nage co i M a c W as ngt a J l o e d usns r hi on nd a w nt Gib r weej g i b c t Gi r' h me fo a h u e o Ch ry S re i Ly c b r le t r o gng a k o l ts o r m o s n e r te t n n h u g. be W a hi on' m o he had c l a t d W as ngt t ts wa on he wa t Gibe tshous s ngt s t r aled nd ol hi on ha he s r y o l r' e t pik hi up. An unknown i vi ua,sa ng t ry t f t f e a y,s a t t boys o c m ndi d l t ndi hit o ory e t wa hot t he wo s ve a tmes Now wounde W a hi o a Gibe tmade t i wa bac t t hous o e rl i . d, s ngtn nd l r her y k o he e n Che r St e t N eihe W as ng on norGibe tkne Har y,a H a ve di notkno t boys ry r e . t r hi t l r w ve nd r y d w he . A sngl bule sr k W as ngtn i t l f ha bu Gibe twashi t ce Onebule i e l t tuc hi o n he e t nd, t l r t wi . lt g a ed t e of G iber ' t s a t s co pa s t r ug hi r gh f . G ibe tr quie r z hr e l ts oe nd he e nd s ed h o h s i t oot l r e rd sic son hi rghtf ,a welass ge y t ti pl n e pi i t t s o hi l f f t The tthe s i oot s l ur r ha m a t d ns n wo oe n s e t oo . ij re c n i d Gi r t a ho ptlfrt we k a d r q r d u e o a wh e c i a d nu is o fne l t o be s ia o wo e s n e uie s f e l har n c the f a tm e He mi s t mont ofs hool a he t sii d t the c d no l r nzc s or i . s ed wo hs c , nd e tfe ha oul onge be hi l f t t tha pi i t m ,a t t he e re e pai i hi t s wih s m e nd s e t oes ha d ns n he nd ha xpe inc d n n s oe t o fe nc Addii l Gibe tt tse t t he f e co i ng oc sona pr e s wih r que y. tonaly, l r esi d ha ac d ntnui ca i l oblm t b ln ea dmo l y a dh c udn t t a h g a hec udp irt t s oig. aa c n bit , n e o l o jl s ih s o l ro o he ho tn i mp A r m d t s m e tm e as t s i A drn ot he a i he hootng, i nne Cha a w a dr vi K a i ha Cas pm n s i ng ts h, Ha v y' gilre a t tme. Ha v y c le Ca h f arde. W he t y we tt pik Ha v y r e s rfi nd t he i r e a ld s or i n he n o c re up,he a ppea e fo t s dowsbr a hi he viy a s a i a t d t wom e i rve, r d r m he ha e t ng a l nd we tng, nd ol he n: r i g to to h r ,u tg . Tra Tr, 29 3 , y 21 2 2.Du igt ec rrd , r e sae ,1 e u f ee j s o' il .1 - 0 Ma , 01 ' rn h a ie Ha v y ttd t 1 t ik Iki e hm, r fri t t p o l ta Ha v y ha j ts ta,t ndn t e wee hr l l d i ' e erng o he e p e h t r e d us ho t hil g h y r l ' 3 40 Tooly Boys1 I .a 133- 4,1 . Cha a as t sii d t tHa ve s cii ly sa e t the e . d t pm n lo e tfe ha r y pe fcal t t d ha s a t i vi s t twe e r m i be nd hi . 1 a 1 hot t wo ndi dual ha r ul ng hi m d. t 34. Ba k a Cha h' ho e, c t pma s us H a v w i d of a g a l d i on a ni s a r ey pe f un nd ai t ght t nd. Cha a t tf e t tt gun t s s w pm n es ii d ha he hat he a t tni htwa t s me gun t tHa ve wa lt rar se wih. La ty,Ha v y t d Cha a ha g s he n ha r y s a e re t d t sl r e ol pm n: tDln' f r e t tIl w wh r y u a d y u s n se p n m ' J=a 1 9 Ch p nt l t s o t o g t ha c g no ee o n o r o le o ' #. t 3 . a ma o d he c tt t s i e r t d Ha ve s sa e e a a t e tt dis de he fom s a ng t t our ha he nt p e e r y' tt m nt s hr a o s ua r r pe ki o he polc i e. Da lt r on M a c 23,Ha ve fr d t gun a n i i Cas s a rme . Polce ys ae , rh r y ie he gai nsde h' pa t nt i a ve a H a ve s r nde e a t r a br e s ml fz Of i e s r co r d t pi t l whi h ni d, nd r y ur e r d f e i f t dof . f c r e ve e he s o , c m a c d c s ngsr c r d f om t c i 's tng a a bule e r c ed f om G ibe ts f t t he a i e ove e r he ous ns hoo i nd l t xt a t r l r ' oo , ar d dor g wih Ha v y' ie tfc to i i,a wela ab a k j c e e lz n d wih rd e -a t r e s d n i ain n t s l s lc a k t mba o e t e 1The Tool B o ar a Lync g s e oft Ga t Dici e g ol N ai ga , orgi tng i ey ys e hbur ubs t he ngser s pls k ton ngs i na i n Chi go.L- a 248. ca da t 2Polceor r t oc upant o Cas sa rm e t come outi ov apar c rP.A .s tm . H a v y i de ed he c s f h' pa t nt o sde er tol a yse re t t t t t rym i e t s r nde . ook weny o hit nuts o ure r çl lo e fc s' Have a mitd t a tej c twa hs a tsi n etb ih d t ti t alwe n a e . r y d te h t h a ke s i, nd e tmo y sa ls e ha t l ' wa Nie Try Bl o s cohn Ad iin l ,Ha v y sj c t c nan d n mi o t a s n e o d lt ig. dto al r e ' a ke o tie mmt t n h t y i m ac d t e rirGibe tW a hi on s i the he a le l r- s ngt hootng. Lt Da el Bl c q si . ni a k ue toned Ha ve r gr di t W as ng on- l r s tng, but r y e ng he hi t Gibe t hoo i H a v de e i ve en . H ow e r H awey di ad i t tt r ha bee Gs e t ngsgoi r ey ni d nvol m t ve , l d m t ha he e d n tom hi ng o wiht ToolyBoys' J a 218.Attil De. vi Poi xtr aLync gpolcega n t he e .' . t Z ra, tKe n nde e , hbur i ng e r,t sii t t a m e be oft Tooly Boysha kil d a Ni Tr y Bl xpe t e tfed ha m r he e d le ne e oodsm e be i m rn 2011 De .Poi xt ra s t si d t ti t ye r pro t t W a hi o Gibe ts i . t nde e l o e tse ha n he a s i r o he s ngtn- l r hootng, t Ni Tr Bl he ne ey oods ha ha s ve a vi e co r nt tons wih rva ga ,i l ng t d d e r l olnt nf o ai t i l ngs ncudi he Tool y Boys. Sha r Sa e nd e unde s a N i Tr y B l r, ne e oods m e be ,w a co c e of s ve a c i es m r s nvi t d e r l rm a tr s i a ca drve ca fe hootng b i r ughti t mi e o a diput be we n t Tool y Boys a n he ddl f s e t e he e nd Bl ;a s Rod y J ms a he Ni Tr y Bl oods lo, ne ol on, not r ne e oodsm e r wasc ced ofa a t d mbe , onvi t ggr va e malci woundi a us ofafr a m f s i arva ga me be i 201 i ous ng nd e ie r or hootng i l ng m r n 0. De rc Cn rik mpbel,Ha v y' c l hood fi nd,t tfe t Ha v y ad it d t s tng l r e s hid re esiid hat r e m te o hoo i t c i as r t i i f t Tooly Boys mur r ofone of Ha ve s f inds a f lo he ousns ealaton or he e ' de r y' re nd el w Bl oods m e r Brml Pa tr on. Alo,Cn mbe , i te s s mpbel sa e t t Ha vé ha c l t t d ha r y d oncoce a f le t d as d f n e ta h wo l tyt p o et a hea tdi sl- ee ebyç sa i t theg y rno t ee s ,h t e ud r o r v h t ce n efd fns t lyng ha t u s a u g a hi wih gl s d a n a he w aspr ec i hi s f' 1 a 238. t m t m r w nd ot tng s el . d. t ' A tt i l Si iy Sa dge,t m o he of Ha ve s s n,t tf e t t o t ni ofM a c r a , c l ndi he t r r y' o es ii d ha n he ght rh 20,2011 Ha ve ha vi ie t i s a he ho e,t ee bl ks a a f om whe e t s i , r y d s t d he r on t r us hr oc w y r r he hootng occ r e H a ve s uncl t s ii d t tHar y s e i e s a d a hi hous ,a t n m i e w a k u r d. r y' e e t fe ha ve om tm s t ye t s e e nut l f om t s i H ow e r H a v y' t c e di notr c la hi unus labou M a c 20, r he hootng. ve , r e s m l d e al nyt ng ua t rh a he di nott nk t tHa ve ha s aye wih hi t tni . nd d hi ha r y d t d t m ha ght Du i hi t tmony,Ha v y a kno edge t t he had be n a Bl rng s esi r e c wl d ha e oods m e r f mbe or s ve alye r , sa e t thi m ur r d fi nd,Bra Pa tr on, d notbe n a Bl e r a s but t t d ha s de e re in te s ha e ood. Hea s lo t sii d t theha viied hi s on t ni tofM a c 20,2011 a he ha be waki t e tfe ha d st s on he gh rh , nd d gun l ng o hi uncl s hous whe f orfve i vi l,i l ng Gibe ta W a hi on,a oa he s e' e n our i ndi duas ncudi l r nd s ngt ppr c d hi t a k w ha he w a doi t r H a ve cl i e s l- e e a ti l t tf ng t t one m o s t s ng he e. r y a m d e f def ns t r a , es iyi ha m e roft gr wasa m e Hesa e t the di notknow t i vi sori t y we e mbe he oup r d. tt d ha d he ndi dual f he r ga a fla e Be a e Ha ve wa i rva ga tnior t ug he t sii d t the f a ed ng- fiit d. c us r y s n i l ng e t y, ho h, e tfe ha er f r hi lf a r ac e t t confo a i by r mi and frng hi gun i t die ton of o s ie nd e t d o he r nt ton ur ng ii s n he r c i Gibe ta W a hi o s g ou Furhe ,he t tfed t the s t vitm s fo a r st l r nd s ngtn' r p. t r esii ha hot he c i r m c os he sr e ,a oxi a ey t rpfve f t a te t ppr m t l hit i ee way. Ha ve sa e t the c r id a gun f hi own r y tt d ha a re or s p oe to b c u e1 1to ti s( r qg ig o i t esres' I a 3 .Ho v r Ha v y rt cin e a s $ o f hng wee on n n h te t. d. t 21 we e , r e a ' de e s tng t c i i r t iton f Pa tr o sdeah. ni d hoo i he ousns n eala i or te s n' t Addii ly,Ha ve a it d t the:c l Ca h f a rde a trt s i we t tonal r y dm te ha aled s or i fe he hootng, nt o Cha a s a rment sa he t pit he ha us d i t W as ng on- l r s i i pm n' pa t , t s d he sol d e n he hi t Gibe t hootng n Cas s a tc a t t he le t Lt Bl ck a o he ofi r a ut hi i ve e i t h' ti , nd ha id o . a nd t r fce s bo s nvol m nt n he s i He a knowl dge t thekne t tt a e wher t s tng oc un'd wa Tooly hootng. c e d ha w ha he r a e he hoo i c e s e Boys t rior a t the kne Cn p l bec us t y had bee c l e rt y, nd ha w m be l a e he n hidhood finds butt t re , ha t y had ha at r to whie i a c r t d t t r he d le cai ns l nc r e a e ogehe .He as t sii d t t ki a l ded gun t lo e tfe o a ng oa o v sthss n o i tegm a dj c e r c v r db poie a p e erngt we r dt s o ii i o , wnng h t n a k t e o ee y l , nd r fri o m' e o h w c hi B l s oodscol s or . Addii ly,Har y a tmpt d t c lKs wn Kel t t siy t tGibe tt d Kel tona l ve te e o al ha ly o e tf ha l r ol ly t ts ve a pe e i udi Gibe ta W a hi on,ha r n up on Ha ve a one m e r ha e r l opl , ncl ng l r nd s ngt d u r y, nd mbe o t e g o p h d a g . Th Co n at o j ce be a e d fn e c l e n v rli a f h ru a un e mmo we 1h be td c us ee s oms l e e ad 4 f oundai n wih Gibe t i r to t l rt o ntoduc t i acune e de e,a alo bec us t t si o e he mpe l nt vi nc nd s a e he e tm ny wa h as y no s be tt a e c pin. Kel e e u ot tsiyn t a h k w Gib r s e ra t u j c o n x e to l nd d p ty etf ig h t e ne le t y l t ough ba kebal,e n t h Gibe t d e le de edknowi Kely. hr s t l ve houg l r ha arir ni ng l La ty,Lt A nn l ie of t Lync sl . t l y he hbur Polc D e rm e t s ii d t ts r s g i e pa t nt e tf e ha he e ponde t d o t Che r Ste thous on t ni ht o t s i a notc d a . cai rrfe i i t he ry r e e he g f he hootng nd i e zz- lbe il nsde he hom e. Th j r c n itd Ha v yo a1 o n s e u y o v ce r e n 1 c u t. Hav y a pe ld hsc n ito st te Vigni Co r o Ap as saig ta ( )t e r e p ae i o vcin o h r i a u t f pe l, ttn h t 1 h e i e c wa is fiin r g r i hi a g a tdmaiiuswo ndn c a g ,a d ( )t a t e v d n e s n u fce t e adng s g rvae lco u ig h z e n 2 h t h t i lco te r d i gr ntng a i t c i r r ng t i e e e of m a i e f om t de i r t r a ur r e n a i n nsnz ton ega di he nf r nc lc r he lbe a e us ofa de y we pon. The Cour ofAppe s de ed hi pe ii t c He t n a a e t e adl a t al ni s tton wi e. he ppe l d o t V igi a Su e e Cour ,butt c tr f s d hi a a . O n J nua y 23,201 H a v y f l d he r ni pr m t he our e u e s ppe l a r 5, r e ie a pe ii n f r a wrtof ha as c pus i t Supr m e C o tofV igi a. H e s a e f ur c ai sof tto o i be or n he e ur r ni tt d o l m i f e tve as i t e of co m s . The V igi a Supr m e Cour de e H a v y' pe ii n,a ne f c i s sanc t el r ni e t ni d r e s tt o nd a fnne t de a o r he i fi d he nil n e arng. On M a c 1 201 Ha ve fl d t i t n f der lha speii n,wih t s me f ur r h 0, 6, r y ie he nsa t e a bea tto t he a o i f e tve a s s a e cl m s as i hi s a e pe ii n. H a ve s pe ii s a es t t ti l c ne f c i s i t nc ai n s t t tto r y' tton t t ha r a ouns l e wa i f c i f : s nefe tve or ()f i n t c alng o o jb t t es fiin y o e d n eusdt c n c Hav y o 1 al g o h le e r b e t o h u fce c f vie c e o o vit r e f i c i na sr e ga pm ii to plrua t Va Codej18. 46. A) rmi l te t ng cpain zs nt o . 2- 2( ; ()f i n t 1y ap o e f u d to f ras p ri s l- e e s/ l iwi e s wh s 2 al g o a r p r o n ain o u po t efd f n eai t s, o e i ng b n t s i ony woul ha e e tm d ve xone a e hi ofhi a a t m a i i w oundi c r rtd m s ggr va ed lc ous ng ha ge; 5 ( )fiig t c n uta do o ti tea ssa c o a i d p n e te p r t a e u tl 3 al o o s l n / r ban h s itn e f n n e e d n x e t o d q aey n c le g a d p o t tt e alg d v ci sij ispls a tt Va Co e j 1 . haln e n r ve ha h l e itm' nure t u n o . d 82e r 5 . A)ween t r n n a dsg fc n ; n . 12( r o pe ma e t n iniia t a d ()f iigt if r a d d sl s t Hav y r lv n pr s c to e i n ewh c wo l 4 aln o n o m n ico e o r e ee a t o e u in vde c ih u d ha a f r d hi a f i a a uae opporuniy t i eli nty de i t a e a ve f o de m ar nd deq t t t o nt lge l c de o cc pt f vor bl pl ade ofe e byt Com monwe lh. a a e e al f r d he at Re ponde m ove t dim is Ha ve s ha as cli s a wihout me i, a Ha ve ha s nt s o s s r y' be am s t rt nd r y s rs e ponde t t m o i d o he ton. I. 1 To obt n f de a ha s r lef Ha ve mus demonsr t t t he i tn c t ai e r l bea ei , r y t ta e ha s l usody i i n vo ai n o te Co tmto o lws o te te o t e Un td S ae . 2 U. C.j 2 5 4 ilto f h nsi in r a r rais f h ie tts' 8 S. ' 2 4 $. Und r28U.. j 2 5 ( h we e , h fd r lh be sc t tma n tg a tam i o ha e s e SC. 2 4 *, o v r t e e ea a a ol y o rn r t f ba c r usb s do a ycam t a asaec u t e ie o t emeisu ls t a a j dc to o p a e n n li h t tt o r d cd d n h rt n e s h t du iain: ( )Re utd i a d cso ta wa c n rr t ,o iv le a u ra o a l 1 s le n e iin h t s o tay o r n ov d n n e s n be a ia i n of cea l e t bls d Fe r ll w,asde e mi d by t Supr m e pplc to , l ry s a ihe de a a t r ne he e Cour o t U nie St t s or t f he t d a e ; ( )Re utd i ad cso t twa b sd o a t e s n b ed tr n to o te 2 s le n e iin ha s a e n n mr a o a l ee miain f h f t i lghtoft e de epr e e i t Stt co tpr e ng. acs n i he vi nc es ntd n he a e ur oce di 2 U. C.j2 4( .s e as W i imsv.Ta lr 5 9 U. 3 2 4 3 1 ( 0 ) G h r,a 8 S. 25 *, e lo l n l y o , 2 S. 6 , 0 - 3 20 0 . l e e s W he e,t sa e c tsa ia i ofgove ni f de a lw i c lnge i mus be s r he tt our' pplc ton r ng e r l a s hale d, t t hown t be o n to l er n o , u o j cieyu ra o a e' Yabo o h v Ge tv 5 0 U. 1 5 ( 0 ) o ny ro e us b t b e tv l n e s n bl. r r uc . n r , 4 S. , 20 3 . ' Un e t i sa d r ,ta sae c u tsd tr n to t a a cam lc sme i prcud sfd r l d r hs tn ad t ) tt o r' eemiain h t li a k rt e l e e e a ( h b a r l fs ln a fi- nd djlit c ul a re o t e c re te so t sae c u ts a e s ei o o g s armi e t ss o d g e n h o r cn s f he tt o r' e r d cso ' Ha n tnv. c tr 5 2U. 8 ,1 ( 01 )(mit itr l u tto ) e iin. ni go Rihe , 6 S. 6 01 2 1 o ti nena q o ains. ' ng C A)f d r lc u tma no g a tawrto h b a c r st ap tto e i saec so y G e ea o r y t rn E i f a e s opu o eiin r n tt u td unl s t pe ii rha fr te used hi s a e r m e e by pr e i hi c ai st t hi s e s he ttone s is xha t s t t e di s es ntng s l m o he ghe t 6 s a e cour . Ba r v. Co c a 220 F. 276, 288 (t Ci.20 0 (iig 28 U.. j tt t' ' ke r or n, 3d 4 h r 0 ) ctn SC. e h x a sin 2 5 ( )1; O' u l a v.Bo rke, 5 U. 8 8 8 ( 9 9) To me t t e e h u to 2 4 b ( ) S li n v ec l 26 S. 3 , 48 1 9 ). r uie e t apeii rt us ha pr s ntd t t sa ec u'bo h t o r tve f c sa t eq r m n , ttone ç t ve e e e o he t t ot t t he pe a i a t nd he m c n r lig lg lp i ils' Kaiv.Ang ln ,3 0 F.d48 ,5 -2 (t Ci. 00 )(n en l o toln e a rncp e . s ' eo e 0 3 7 010 4 h r 2 2 itr a q tto mak a dctto o t d . $ cam t a h sno be nprs n e t t ehih s sae uoai n r s n i in mit ) : li h t a t e e e td o h g e t tt a e A co tneve t e smay bete t d ase used i i i cla t tt cai wo d bepr ed al ur rhels r ae xha t f t s e r ha he l m ul oc ur ly ba r d unde sa e1 w i t pe ii ra tmptd t pr s n i t t sa eco t' Bat r 220 F. re r tt a f he ttone te e o e e t t o he t t ul ' le , 3d a 28 (ii Gryv. t e ln , 8U. 1 2, 6 ( 9 6) t 8 ct ng a Neh ra d 51 S. 5 1 1 1 9 ). Fede a c t r vi w t m e is ofc am s de i d by t sa e c urs on die ta a r l ours e e he rt li c de he t t o t r c ppe l u rt def e i lsa r ma t by t M tt rors a Efeci De t Pe ly Ac nde he er nta t nda d ndaed he ie r im nd f tve a h nat t ( AEDPA) Unde t AEDPA,a f dealC 4 ma n0t grnt a Sae PIS IIS ha a . r he e r ou1 y a tt iOIC' be s ' a lc to o acam a j dc tdb t esaec u t n e sterlv n sae c ur d cso wa ppiain n li du iae y h tt o r u ls h ee a t tt -o t e ii n s c r r t or i ved a um e ona e a i ton of c e ry e t bls d f r l lw, a onta y o, nvol n as bl pplca i , l a l sa ihe ede a a s d tr ne b t e S p e Couto t eUni d Sae . Se 28U. C.j2 44 . F rh r t eemi d y h u rme t. f h t tt s e e S. 25 * u te ,he AEDPA sa r i Ghi y de e en i ' t bo h f cua fndi a l ga c l i ns a t t nda d s û ghl f r tal' o t a t l i ngs nd e l oncuso , nd he pe ii rbe st bur n ofpr . Ha nzt 5 U . a 1 Cule v. n se ,563 U. ttone ar he de oof ni on, 62 S. t 05; l n Pi holt r S. 1 0 1 ( 01 ) 7 , 81 2 1. H a v y br ngs f ur c ai s of i f c i a s s a re i o lm nef e tve s it nce of c ouns l A pettone cl i i e. ii r a m ng i f c i a ssa of c nefe tve s it nce ouns l mus s ts y t t pr e t a if he wo- onged t s s t f t i Stiklnd v. e t e orh n rc a W as ngtn,466 U. 668 ( 98 . G-'epeii rmus s boh det e tpef nceand hi o S. 1 4) l h ttone f t how t kin ronna p eu ie t et aespaaea d dsi tee n s' e c rv. ra ,1 F.d 2 , 3 - 3 rj dc ; h wo r e rt n it lme t. nc 'Sp n e Mu r v 8 3 29 2 2 3 ( h Ci.1 4)(mpha i adde . Fort frtpr ng,Ha v y mus s çha co e ma 4t r 99 e ss d) he is o re t how t t unsl de t e r s s s roust tc ror o e i ha ouns lwasnotf nc i ng a t l uns 'gu r nted t de e ntby e ' toni s he co el a a e he f nda u t Si h Ame m e . Stiklnd, U. a 68 88. he xt nd nt' rc a 466 S. t 7' Elhe pr toper m e s e of a t ne pe f m a a ur tor y r or nce r m a ns s m pl r as e i i y e onabl nes unde e s r pr ii pr e s onalnonns' I a 688. Co t r vi w i ha aspe ii m ai ai a C t ong eva lng of s i . d. t ' ur s e e ng be ttons nt n : r s pr umpton' t t cou e ' c es i ' ha ns ls onduc f l wihi t çwi r ng of r a ona e pr e sona t el t n he t de a e e s bl of s i l as it nc ' 1 a 689. d udi a s nzi ofc s sa e. d. t ' t cil c tny l ouns lspe f r nc m us behi hl de er nta,' e ' ro ma e t g y f e i l' a c nd ouns li i r itd t s tpro ii s deer ne ti sr t gy,a pr s t e cli swih e s û m te o e irte , t mi ral ta e pe nd e s hos am t t gr a e tcha sofs e s' I he e t s nce ucc s . d. ' For t s c he e ond pr ong, a peii r mus de onsr t t t t e i a çr a o bl ttone t m ta e ha her s çe s na e pr ba lt t t butf rc o biiy ha , o ouns lsun of s i le r s t r s toft pr e ng woul ha e ' pr e sona ror , he e ul he oc edi d ve be n dif r nt' 1 a 694. ( r as bl pr biiy i apr biiy s fc e t t r net e f e e . d. t ' ç e ona e oba lt s oba lt uf ii nt o mde mi he A c i nc oft o c ' J Lasl Clq atr y' fiur t rieame ls agume ( ontde e he utome. Z ' ty,çan tone s al e o as dte s r nt j c nnotf m t basso as ce s u i feci as itnc ofco elcli bec us t r ul of a or he i f uc s f l ne f tve ssa e uns a m a e he es t t pr e ng woul notha be n dif r ntha t a tr r iedt is . Unie Stt sv. he oc edi d ve e fe e d he to ney a s he s ue' ' td ae Ki e,1 7 F.d 8 9 8 3 (t Ci.1 9 ) se as M o r v. ie S ae ,9 4 F.S p 7 4 mlr 6 3 8 , 9 5h r 9 9 ; e lo o e Untd tt s 3 u p. 2 , 731( D. .1 . E. Va 996) Ha ve ha e used t a ia e sae c tr m e e f e h ofhi f de alc am s r y s xha t he va lbl t t our e di s or ac s e r li be a e Har y ha et r ç a ry pr s nt d hi cli t t sa e' hi tco t'or : sa e c us ve s ihe l il e e e s am o he tt s ghes ur' & t t f a pr edur l r e wo d ba c i r ton i t c am wa .. .pr s nt t t sa e co t' oc a ul ul r onsde a i f he l i s e e ed o he t t ur.' Mathe v.Evat 105 F. 907,911 ( h Ci.1 t ws t 3d 4t r 997)over e on ot rgr mdsby Unie ruld he ot td S ae v.Ba te 6 4 F.d l 2 (t Ci.2 1 . Hawe s drc a pe li fn la d a y tts met, 4 3 9 4h r 01 ) l y' ie t p a s ia n n a tonals a e ha as a ton w oul be pr e a l de a t d bo h unde V igi a' s a ut of ddii t t be c i d oc dur ly f ule t r r ni s t t e 8 l tto s Va Co e j 8016 4A)2 ,a d t e Vign as s c si p tto sa e Va i ain , . d mi . - 5 ( ( ) n md r r ii ' uc e sve ei n tmt, . i Codej8. - 4( () 0165 B)2 . 111. A . Cl m 1 ai I Cl i 1 Ha ve a g s t t c n am , r y r ue ha ouns was i fe tve f r f lng t c l el ne f c i o aii o halenge t he s ûce uf incy oft e de of hi c i i sr e ga pa tcpai c cton. Spe fcal he vi nce s rm nal te t ng rii ton onvi i cii ly, Ha vey c e t t c ms l ne ece t c le r ontnds ha ot e gl t d o ha lnge t Comm onwe lh' f itr t pr he a t s alte o ove be ndaras bl do tt tt Ni TryBl ( )weeasr tga 3t a ha c yo e ona e ub ha he ne e oods 1 r tee ng h t d ommitd te t o mo ep irp e iaeci n la t,a d( )t a Hawe s o W a hngo a d Gib r a a wo r r ro rd c t rmia cs n 2 h t l y h t s i tn n let s me be a f rt be f of a t dieci n of o i as oc ai n wih t Ni Tr y Bl . m r nd o he ne h , t he r to , r n s i to t he ne e oods4 Ho v r i Ha v y ssaeh be speii n t eVign aS p e Co r f u dt tçth r c r , we e ,n r e ' tt a a tto ,h r ii u rme u t o n ha i j e e o d l i udi t t i t a c i , de ncl ng he ral r ns rpt monsr t s t t co e di c le ta e ha uns l d ha lnge t s ûc e y of t he uf i nc he e de e esa ihi t t ( r e 'j atc wa c r ce t glr e s g n afl to vi nc t bls ng ha Ha v y s ta k s ome td o la v y'j a g fii in. a Co n e ag e . .h e i e c s o d l r e l wa se n pes na rve e a ans h s u s l r u d . t e v d n e h we Ha v y s e kig ro l e ng g i t i vitms' Have v.Clr No.1 60,a 2 ( Nov.16,201 . The eor,co e di ci . r y ' ake, 501 t Va. 5) r f e unsl d c lnge t s fce y of t e de e r r ng t c hale he ufi inc he vi nc ega di he onneci bewe Ha ve s ga ton t en r y' ng a fla i andt Gibe tW a hi on s i fiiton he l r- s ngt hootng. 3A S rm i sr etga 'i dei unde V a Co ej1 24 . (01 )a : t i nal te ng' s tned c r . d 8.-6 1 2 7 s An o g igog niain, so ito ,o go po tle o mo ep ro . . i whihh sa o e y n on r a z to a s cain r ru f l e r r esns . () c a s n r o i p i r o jcie o a tvte tec mmiso o ... rmia a tvte ;(i whc ha a f t rmay be t s r cii s h o sin f ci n l cii s i ih s n s v i i ) ie tfa e n me o ie t yn sg o s mbo;a (i wh s me r i iiu l o d niibl a r d ni ig in r y l nd ii o e mbes ndvd al r f ) y c l ciey h v e g g d i t c mmiso olatmp t c mmi,c npiay t c mmi,o ol t l a e n a e n he o sin t te t o o t o s rc o o t r e v s iiaton oft o mor pr di t c i na acs a l s oneofwhih i a ac ofvi e e.... olct i wo r e e cae rmi l t, t ea t c s n t olnc Va Co j1 .- 61 . de 82 4 .. 4 Vigi a' c i i l sret ga pa tcpa i saut, Va Co e j 1 . 4 .( ( 01 ) rq rd te r ni s rm na te ng rii ton tt e . d 82-62 A) 2 7, e uie h Co n at t po eta ()Havy wa aci n lsre jn me r ()h k o n y.n wilul mmowel o rv ht 1 re s rmia tet ag mbe, 2 e n wigl ad l l h fy p riiae i ap e c t ci n la t a d( )ta a twa c mmltdfrtebe ek o,a tedrcin o,o i atcp td n rdiae rmia c, n 3 h t c s o te o h n t f t h ie to f r n a s ito wihteg ng Ha lo v. mmo we 1 , 8 S. 2d1 8 1 7( . 01) socain t h a . mi n Co n at 6 8 E. 6 , 7 Va 2 0 . t h 9 Ha v y as a g st tt Comm o at f ie t s r e lo r ue ha he nwe 1h al d o how t tt N i Tr y Bl ha he ne e oodsha d c mitd t pr c e crmi lac sbe us Sha r Sa om te wo ediat i na t ca e nd e unde sw a par ofa dif r ntga 5 r s t fe e ng. Ha v y cai st t Sa r e l m ha unde swasnota me be oft N i Tr y Bl r m r he ne e oodsbec us t Supr me a e he e Co t o Vigi a pr vi l des rbe Saunde s as G l de i a ga cal d t Gari l ur f r ni e ousy c i d r 1 ea r n a ng le he fe d Av n Blo s' S u d r v.Co n at ,7 6 S. 2 3 0 351( .2 1 . On h be s e ue o d . a n es ' mmo we 1h 0 E.d 5 , Va 01 ) a a r vi w ,t V igi a Supr m e Cou t f e e he r ni e r ound t t H a v y ha not s t s i d e t r pr ng of t ha re d a i f e ihe o he Stikl nd t s :G eeci Ke n Poi xtr wa qualfe asa e r on ga a tviy i t rc a e t r t tve vi nde e s ii d n xpe t ng c i t n he Lync g,Vigi a a e De e tve Poi xtr t tfed Sa hbur r ni r a. t c i nde e esii unde s was a m e roft Ni r mbe he ne Tr y Bl e oods a had pr ousy be n co c e of c r s se i fom hi s tng a nd evi l e nvit d ha ge t mm ng r s hoo i t me be soft Tooly Boys' Ha ve v.Clr , 150160, 2m r he e . r y ' a ke No. at 3. Fur he ,H a ve hasno of e ed a e de t the i or e c m s t t Sa m de sw as t r r y t f r ny vi nce ha nf m d ot el ha t r nota m e r oft Ni Tr y Bl mbe he ne e oods. I f c ,i a af vi,c n a t n n fda t ouns explcty de e t t el i il ni d ha Hav yha d n s r e d o e o.Re p'' M o .oDimis Hav yv. ak , .1 01 0 a 2 3 Ex. !3 s ts tt s s, r e Clr e No 5 6 , t - , D, (ç- r e jas ne e a vs d go n e)t a S a r Sa n eswa n tame ro h sg n .) tla v y lo v r d ie c u s l h t h nde u d r s o ll mbe f i a g' . ' On ha a r viw ,Ha v y ca est bur n t pr t tc be s e e r e ni he de o ove ha ouns lkne ors d ha known e w houl ve t tSa ha under wasno a N i Tr y Bl s t ne e ood,a ort tme be s p of e h ga wa m ut l nd/ ha m r hi ac ng s ualy fr d vi nc o how t tSamde s wasnotaNi Tr y Bl , ha t r ne e ood e us ve. H a v y hasofe e no e de e t s xcl i 6 r e t the t d c ha ol ouns lt tSamde s wa nota Ni Tr y Bl e ha t r s ne e ood,ort tcouns lkne or s d ha e w houl 5The Commonweat ha i r e a c i c 1h d ntoduc d rme ommit by Sa r a one oft pr dia eacsoft ted undes s he e c t t he Ni Tr y Bl sga f t pur e ofpr ngt tt Ni Tr yBl s tsi t sa uor r quie t of ne e ood ng or he pos s ovi ha he ne e oods a ifed he tt t y e r men s a t t e tga ' s r e ng.' s 6H av yctsTavbr v. Co on re ie mmo we l , 0 S. 2 2 0( . . p. 01 ) whc h l ta tesre n at 7 3 E.d 7 Va CtAp 2 l, ih ed h t h tet h ga parii ton sa ue r quie t tpr diat a o s mus s r t s m e ove alor ni ton,asocain,or ng tcpai tt t e rs ha e c e ctr t ha e he a r l ga zai s ito gr up. I Ta on,t Com m onwe t ofe e acrm eofa difr ntbutsm ial na ed l ga asapr di t o n ybr he a1h fr d i fe e i lry m ocal ng e cae ac u rt sr e gang saut TheComm onw e t ne pr d t r lton bewee t pr diat a orsga t nde he te t t t e. alh ver ove he eai t n he e c e ct ' ng a t de e ntsga a alo ne rcai e t tt prdi t a tga membe wa apa4oft de e nts nd he f nda ' ng, nd s ve l m d ha he e cae c ng r s l he f nda ' gang. The eor ,t V igi a Cour ofAppe l ove t nedt convito bas d on i ufiinte de e.H e e t r f e he r ni t as rur he cin e ns fce vi nc r , he Commo a1h ofe e t t si nwe t fr d he e tmony ofaLync g ga e r who saedt tSa hbur ng xpeq tt ha under wa aNi Tr yBl s s ne e ood. Ha v hasnotofe e a evi ncepr ng t tSa r ey fr d ny de ovi ha under wa notaNi Try Bl and t r f eTa on i s s ne e ood, he eor ybr s unavalngt H mwey' ar e . ii o s gum nt 10 ha known t t Saunde s wa no a Ni Tr y Bl ve ha r s t ne e ood. I t d,H a ve r le o c us r nsea r y e is n oùcl o y a lga i ns t t c r c t e de e i t r c d. The e o e r ga dl s of t Sa le to ha ontadit he vi nc n he e or r fr , e r e s he unde s r opi on, whi h c ni ha r i c ouns l w a a a e of1 c e s w r , ouns 1c d ha r s na y c l e oul ve ea o bl oncuded t ta gung t tSa ha unde swa notaNi Tr y Bl woul bef ie. r s ne e ood d utl Addii ly,Ha v a gues t t at ug he r a l a itd hi me be s p i t tona l r ey r ha lho h e diy dm te s m rhi n he Ni Tr y Bl ne e oods a til t Comm onweat f l t pr vet tHa ve s W a hi o a t ra , he lh aied o o ha r y hot s ngt n nd Gibe tf rt be ftof a t die ton o ,o i as oca i wih t ga Hawe s ii ly l r o he ne i , t he r c i f r n s iton t he ng. l y pecfcal not s t t W a hi on a Gibe tw e e not Tool y Bo . H o e , t Supr m e Cour of e ha s ngt nd l r r e ys w ver he e t Vig na f t t t çhe r c r , icudn t e tilta s rp s d mo srts ta g r e r i i omd ha û e o d n l ig h ra r n cit, e n tae h t Ha v y) t bele d hi vi tm s we e me be s of t Tooly Boys a t tm e r of t t ga had ive s ci r m r he e nd ha mbe s ha ng r c n l k l d a me ro ( r e s g n . l Attil Ch p n tsi d t tHawe e e ty il e mbe f Ha v y') a g' d. ' ra, a ma etle ha l y be i ve he ha s t o Tool y Boys Tr a Tr ,1 M a 21,201 Fur he ,De .Poi xt r le d d hot w e . i l . 34, y 2. t r t nde e t si d t tTooly Boyshadr c nty mur r d Ha e sN i Tr y Bl a s a ea fi e tfe ha e ee l de e rv y' ne e ood s ocit nd rend, Bra Pa tr on. Ha ve e n a ted i hi t tmony t the di notf e s f ,t the ke in te s r y ve dmit n s esi ha d e l a e ha pt a t to i li c tpoc t a t thef l hene d afr a m f pr t to i Tooly Boys mm miin n ls oa ke , nd ha et ede e r or o eci n n e g n tnio y Ac o dngy t e Co n at ito u e s fiin e d n et 1tt ej r a g e t r . c r i l, h mmo we 1 nr d c d u fce t vie c o e h u y h de i whehe i b i d t tHa v y' a tonss tsi d t saut r r quie nt . c de t r t eleve ha r e s c i aife he t t o y e r me s La ty, due t t ove whel ng naur of t Comm onwe lh' e de e,t sa e sl o he r mi t e he at s vi nc he t t ha as c ur f md t tafe t f ld c le t t s fcinc of t e de e c uns be o t ot ha tr he aie ha lnge o he uf e y he vi nc , o el c d have r a ona y be i ve t t an f rhe c l ng was f tl H a v v. Cl r N o. oul e s bl le d ha y ' t r hale e u u ie. r ev a ke, 1 60,a 2. 1ag ee wih t Vigi a Supr me Co ts ûndi . Ba e on t r c d be o e 501 t r t he r ni e ur ' ngs sd he e or f r me I tn ta t e sae c u ts a j iain o Ha v y scan Na n tc n , s d h t h tt o r' dudc to f r e ' liA v s o o ko t ,o a o rn 7couns r pr s nt Samdesi Sa r 'appe . el e e e ed t r n unde s al unr s bl a ia i of c e ry esa ihe f de a 1 w a was no bas on a ea ona e pplc ton , l a l tbls d e r l a nd t ed n um ea o bl dee na i oft f t a t ,Iwildimist sc am . s na e t nni ton he acs nd, hus l s s hi l i B . Cl i 2 am I Cl m 2,Ha ve c e t t c uns wa i fe tve f f lng t ly a pr per n ai r y ont nds ha o el s ne f c i or aii o a o f oundaton f a ai a s fdef ns s i or n lbi nd el- e e uppori wine s tng t s ,whos t si ony woul ha e e tm d ve e xone a e H awe f om t a a t d m a i i w o rtd l y r he ggr va e lc ous undi c r .8 Speci ly, H a ve ng ha ge sca l r y c ai s t tt t tm o of K s w n K e l w oul ha s l m ha he es i ny ha ly d ve hown t t G iber a a gr o ot r ha l t nd oup f he i vi l had a pln t n ndi dua s a o mbus Ha ve on t ni htoft s i . The c am i wiho h r y hq g he hootngs l i s t ut m e i. rt Fis, c rt ouns ls pe f m a e ' ror nce was not dei i nt be a e Ha v y ne r pr f r d a fc e c us re ve ofe e n a fda t fom Ke l r ga di wha Kely' t tmony wo d ha sa e Se Bas e t v. fi vi r ly e r ng t l s esi ul ve tt d. e s te Thomps 915 F. 932 ( h Ci.1 (Thegr tf ii oft a la on hi cam t t on, 2d 4t r 990) t ea alng he ppelnt s li ha ot r e de e s d ha bee pr s nt d ...i t a e e ofa pr f e oft tmony fom a he vi nc houl ve n e e e s he bs nc o f r esi r wines orwinese he cli hi atr y s d ha c 1e ' ;Nikes v.Le 971F. t s t ss ams s tone houl ve a1d.) c ron ' e, 2d 1 2 , 1 3 (t Ci.1 9 ) ( odng t th b a peiin r s s p o tt i cams wi 1 5 1 6 4 h r 9 2 h li ha a e s t o e smu t u p r her li t t h e i e c ;t u tnitd s l-e vn sae n s c r t fr t e b ss f r ha e s r le) v d n e ms bsa tae efsr ig ttme t amo om h a i o b a eit. Fu t r c r he , ouns l di i pe h Gibe t w ih K e l s t s i ony, bec us Kely t tfe t t he e d m ac l r t ly' e tm a e l esi i d ha kne Gibe tfom plyi ba kebal t t r e n t ug Gibe t e knowi K el w l r r a ng s t l ogehe , ve ho h l r denid ng ly. Alo a ti , c s t ral ouns l c d ha r a ona y be ived t t i t f ce of t e oul ve e s bl le ha , n he a he Com m onwea t sevi nc ,K e l s t s i ony w oul nothel Har e s c e f s l- e e,but lh' de e ly' e tm d p v y' as or e f def ns 8Ha ve lkel m e ns a s fdeens s el- f e uppori wines , o y. H a ve a it t s i W as ngt tng t s nl r yi y a r y dm ted o hootng hi on a G ibe t t ef e,hewoul notha a albi nd l r;her or d ve n i . i t a ma ha da a d Hawe s c e biiy f t rg On ha as r viw ,t Vigi a nse d y ve m ge l y' r di lt urhe . be e e he r ni Supr me Co tf e ur ound: Cn b l' a c u to E r e s a miso srg r ig t s o tn c mp re mp els c o n f Hav y') d sin e a dn he h o ig o o td wih Gibe ts a W as ng on' t si o t bolt i t cr di lt of a 1 t l r ' nd hi t s e tm ny, hus serng he e biiy 1 tle wines es The ewasno e d nc a ti t tCn lr e t s . r vi e e t ral ha mpbelc d ha ln n l oul ve e r ed t deal oft r lva e nt orofg-a v y'jplnt cai s l- ens fom he tis he ee nt ve s l r e s a o l m efdef e r l as u c oh r h n l r e l o re te t a Ha v y . Ha v v.Clr No.1 60,a 2. I ag e wih t sa e ha as co ts a l i . N et r r ey a ke, 501 t r e t he t t be ur ' nays s ihe Gibe tnor W as ngt c d i ntf t s t r t f e i e de l r hi on oul de iy he hoo e , he or nsc vi nce s uggese t t t t d ha he s e had fr d tn s s whie m ovi ove a dit e of a hoot r ie e hot l ng r sanc boutf t yar ,and a1of t ory ds l he bule s a s l c i r co r d we e f om t s m e w e pon,whi h polc r co r d f o l t nd he l asngs e ve e r r he a a c i e e ve e r m H aw e durng hi a r s . Furher t Com m onw e lh' w ine s s i udi A drn l y i s re t t , he a t s t s e , ncl ng i nne Cha n,ge al s tnta e e ch ot rst si o butKel st s' o wa c pma ner ly ubsa it d a he ' e tm ny, ly' e tm ny s omplt l i ee y co r di t y, t no e e na e de it s nta cor wih xt r l vi nta' uppot. y ' t Ad i o l Ha v y fisu d rtet rj dc 'pr n t s o t tte ei ar a o a l dt nal r e al n e h t eu ie' o g o h w ha h r s e s n b e i y, p pr ba lt t t bu f c ms ls alege m it s t o c e oft ti woul ha be n o biiy ha , t or ot e ' l d sake , he ut om he ral d ve e dfe e t Fo av l cam o sl- ee s ,Hav y n e e t d mo srt t t ej yt a G e ifr n . r ai li f efd fn e r e e d d o e n tae o h ur h t G d h r as bl pe c i d a i i ntt e t ofde t o bodiy ha' a t thi us of f c i e ona y r e ve n mm ne hr a ah r l l nd ha s e m or e n r s e t t tt ea w a a opra e y pr po tonal' I a 6. Atbe t Ha ve a Kely' e pons o ha hr t s ppr it l o ri . d. t ' s , r y nd l s t tmony m i ha s esi ght ve hown t thewa G ntte t us de y f cet de e hi s ffom t ha s ç il d o e adl or o f nd m el r he e o e i iiu l ( r e ) pec i e t b ame wih a g n. J- Ho v r Ha v y frd n ndvd a Hav y rev d o e r d t u ' -S we e, r e ie ' I J id srmi tl fo a r s te sr e,a p o i tl tit-ie fe a y Ev n i t j r n ic i naey rm c o s h te t p r x maey hry fv e t wa . e f he u y a ce e a1 o Ha v y' t si ony ast e no o he me be oft a lged a bus gr woul c pt d l f r e s e tm nl, t r m r he le m h oup d 9Counse1c d haver c l Gibe tasawine sa l d t f . oul e aled l r t s nd ai he oundai f rKely' excude tsi ny. ton o l s l d e tmo Howeve , c e c d have r s bl de i agans doi s be us Kely' ve son of e nt w e e r ouns l oul ea ona y cded i t ng o, ca e l s ri ve s r unbele ea Ha v sc e biiy wa ar dy da ivabl nd r ey' r di lt s lea mage fo hi c i nalr or a hi admisont hele d rm s rmi ec d nd s s i hat id t polc ofi r on muli eoc aso . o ie fce s tpl c ins ha pos d Ha ve a i i nta r s na et e tofdeah o bodiy ha m .Acc di l hi ve e r y n mm ne nd ea o bl hr a t r l r or ngy, s r a ton wasi r nty l e s na e es c a l i lghtoft f c t tHa v y ne r c am e e ci nhe e l mr a o bl , pe i ly n i he a t ha r e ve l i d t teihe Gibe torW a hi t wa t i vi lwho wa an a not ng s ha t r l r s ng on s he ndi dua s lned nd hi ugge t t t ss ha Gibe ta it o he w i e t K e l l r dm ted t r s o ly. . ç k wie glr e lh s n v r s g e td ta he dd n titn t s o Gi r a d tie s , la v y a e e u g se h t i o n e d o ho t l t n be W a hngo Se M c e v.Co n at 2 8 S. 2 8 8 8 Q ( 9 8 ( y a g i s ls i tn. e Ghe mmo we 1 4 E.d 0 , 1 1 7 ) b r ung ef h, d fn e ç d fn a ti lcty a mis h i tnd d t ij r o ki hi a s ia t. Ha v v v ee s , a ee d n mpiil d t' e ne e o nu e r l s s alnl' r e . l ' Clr e No.1 01 0 a 6 Th saeh be sc u tc niue :ç la v y')cam o s l- e e s ak , 5 6 , t . e tt a a o r o tn d s - r e s li f efd fn e gl woul ha be uns c s ul e n i co ms ha l i a pr r f d ve en uc es f ve f t el d ad ope ounda i f Ke l s ton or ly' t si n . I Ia rewi t eVignaSu e Co r' a ay i.Thesaesa j dc to o e tmo y' d. g e t h r ii prme u ts n lss ' h tt ' du iain f Cli 2 wa no c r r t ora t e o bl a i a i of Stikl nd,a wa no bas ' on am s t onta y o, n mr as na e pplc ton , rc a nd s t ed a unr as bl de e mi ton off t. Ha ve ha f ie t pr ve t tc m s lspe f r nce n e ona e t r na i acs r y s a ld o o ha ot e ' r o ma wa de e ort tt r i a r s bl pr biiy t t butf r c m s ls al ge e r r ,t s fcint ha he e s ea ona e oba lt ha , o ot e ' le d r o s he r s toft pr e di woul ha be n dif r . Thus I g a t moton t d s is a t e ul he oc e ng d ve e fe ent , r nt he i o im s s o ( l r 2. zain C . Cl m 3 ai l Cl i 3,Ha ve ar s t t c n am r y gue ha ouns l was i fe ve f < f ii t c ul wih or e ne f di o a lng o ons t t o ti tea ssa c o ame ia e p r t c n etwh t e Gi e tsiju e wees x ce tt ban h sitn e f dc l x e t o o ts eh r l r' n ti s r u in o b s uppo tHa ve ' c iton f a a e m ai i uswoundi l r r y s onv c i or ggr vatd lc o ng.o O n ha a r vi w ,t V igi a Supr m e Co tf und t tH a ve s cl i di nots ts y be s e e he r ni e ur o ha r y' a m d aif tepef r nc o t p eudc p o o Src ln h roma e r he rj ie r ng f tik a d: The r c d,i l ng t ti lt a c i ,de ons r e t tone bule gr e t e e or nc udi he r a r ns rpt m tat s ha l t az d hr e t o Gibe ts lf f ,a a he bule we t o hi rghtf . Oibe t oes n l r' e t oot nd not r lt nt hz ugh s i oot l r 1 The a a t maii wo ng sa e, Va Co ej 1 2 512 rq ie asv r ij r ta c u e 0 ggr vaed lcous undi tmt . d 8.- . e urs e ee nuy h t a ss ç n nenta sgni a physc i im e .' ç na pel nd i sc nt ial mpar nt' had s ge y on hi lf f tt pl c pi i t ofhi t . Att tm e o til ur r s e t oo o a e ns n wo s oes he i f ra , whih wa f t n m o hs a trt s i Gibe tt si d he wasunab e t c s ouree nt fe he hootng, l r e tfe l o be t t si whi h t pi we e i e td a t the e re d pan i t nd he oe n c he ns r ns re nd ha xpe i nce i n he t s f om tm e t tm e. G ibe tf rhe t s ii d t t he s m e i e ha pr e s oe r i o i l r u t r e tf e ha o tm s d obl m wi b ln e wal ,a d r n ig a d ta h c u dn lng rj mp a hih a t aa c , l h dng n u nn , n h t e o l o o e u s g s he us d t Ac r ngl t r was a e e de e i c tng t t Gibe t e o. co di y, he e mpl vi nc ndi a i ha l r s fee s fiin l g iv u ij re .. gl r e jfist p o fra y fvo a l u fr d u fce ty re o s nu is . la v y al o r fe n a r be e de e t tc vi nc ha ouns lm i ha obt i by c uli wih am e c le r. e ght ve aned ons tng t di a xpe t 1 a 6- Ia eewih t sa eha aséour' a yss Ha v y ha noti ntfe al vi a i d. t 7. gr t he tt be ts nal i. r e s de ii d ry olton . off r llw,norha heale d t tt sae c tunr s na y de e m i t f c s I t a ede a a s l ge ha he tt our ea o bl t r ned he a t . nse d, Ha e s c a e t tGibe te rv y pe ult s ha l r xagge a e i hi t tmony. r t d n s esi Howe r not onl di t Co monwe t pr de s fc e pr ve , y d he m a1h ovi uf i nt oof of Gibe ts l r' pe ne a sgni a physc i ime ,bu Havey hasf l i pr fra fvor e nua nt nd i ûc nt ial mpar nt t r aied o ofe ny a abl e de t tc vi nce ha ouns lm a ha obt ne t co r di tt t si ony a phot r phi e de e. e y ve ai d o nta c he e tm nd og a c vi nc Se Be ve v.Tho s n,9 F.d 1 8 (t Ci.1 9 )( l ig G l alg to o ia e u t e a r mp o 3 3 1 6 4 h r 9 6 hodn t' le ain f n d q ae al i ve tga i doe no wa r nt ha s r lef a e a pr fe of wha f vo a e e de n si ton s t ra bea ei bs nt ofr t a r bl vi nce o r tsi n wo l ha e b e p o uc d);Nik ro 9 1 F.d a 1 3 ( a a peiin rmus etmo y u d v e n r d e ' c es n, 7 2 t 1 6 h be s t o e t t p o i ee i e c a dc l t eyo s c lto o s l-e vn sae ns . r v d v d n e n amo r l n pe u ain r efsr ig ttme t) Th rf r ,Th sae sa j d c to o Cli 3wa n tc n rr t ,O a u r a o be eeo e e tt ' du iain f am s O o tay O r n n e s na l a i a i of Sti klnd,a wa notba e on a unr s na e de e nai off c s t 1 pplc ton , rc a nd s sd n ea o bl t nni ton a t , hus gr t motont dim isast Cli 3. ant he i o s s o am D . Cl m 4 ai I Cl i 4,H a ve c a m s t tc n am r y l i ha ouns lw a i f c i f r f lng t i or a di c os e s nef e tve o aii o nf m nd s l e t hi r lva pr ec i e de e whi wo d ha a f de hi a f i a a uae o m ee nt os uton vi nc ch ul ve for d m ar nd deq t oppo t t t i e lg ty de i t a ce af vor bl pla de ofe e by t Comm onwe 1h. runiy o nt li en l c de o c pt a a e e al f r d he at Spe ii a l Ha ve cai st the woul ha a c pt d a pl a de t tlm ied hi s nt ncet cfc ly, r y l m ha d ve c e e e al ha i t s e e o s nt n yea s i ionm e i c eve ee r ' mprs nt f ouns lha t l Ha v y t tCa e d o d r e ha mpbel plnned t t siy f l a o e tf or t pros i he ecuton. On ha a r viw, t Vigi a Supr m e Cour f be s e e he r ni e t ound t c am s ts id net r t he l i a ife ihe he t e fnna c 'n rt t rj d c 'p o o Src lnd s ro n e' o he G eu ie' r ng f tika : p p The r or i l ng t afi vi of c m s l de o t a e t t be or t i l ec d, nc udi he f da t ot e , m ns r t s ha , f e r a , c t e a v s d g- l y ta o e o mo e o t e Co n at s win se oms l d ie lawe ) h t n r r f h mmo we l l h' t e s s wo dtsiyta E- r e )a mitd s o t Gi r a d W a hngo glr e ) ul e tf h t la v y d t h o i l t n l e ng be s i tn. la v y f ist pr f rwhy lnowi Cnmpbe lwo d t tf a i thi ,a oppos d t a l o ofe c ng l ul esiy ga ns m s e o a he i vi ,wo d ha c us d hi t a e t pl aofer not r ndi dual ul ve a e m o cc pt he e f . Furhemor, a til g-ave tsiid he kne Cn t r e t ra, l r yj e tfe l w mpbelwoul be l d tsiyng a ans hm b c u e Ca b l t l ( r e )he wo l be d i s . etf i g i t i e a s mp el od Hav y ud ong o Ca el tsiid t a h a d glr e ) wee i a c rtd t g t e f r mpb l e t e h t e n la v y f r nc r eae o eh y o a o ma e y o m ont d i Fe ua y a M a c of 201 ppr xi t l he h urng br r nd rh 2. The pla e a r e n glr e r fr n e dd n te pieu tlAp i 2 ,2 2 a d glr e ) g e me t lav y) eee c s i o x r ni rl 5 01 , n la v y f ist i c t t the di notl r ofCn a l o ndi a e ha d ea n mpbelspo e i t si ony i tme t l' t ntal e tm n i o 11 c n i e wh te t a c p t es be t lao fr o sd r eh r o c e t h u j c p e fe . H awe v.Cl r ,N o. 15 l y a ke 0160,a 7. l ag e w ih t s a e ha s cour ' a l i . A t t i l t r e t he t t bea ts na ys s ra , Ha v y t sii d t tCa r e e tfe ha mpbel i o m e Ha v y ofhi pln t t siy a i tH a ve i e ha l nf r d r e s a o e tf gans r y n xc nge f Ca pbel r ce vi a m o e l ni nt s nt nc Si t t m e w e e s pa a e on M a c 6, or m l e i ng r e e e e e. nce he wo n r e r t d rh 201 Cn 2, mpbe l mus ha i or e Ha v of hi i e t t siy be or t pl de ' l t ve nf m d r ey s ntnt o e tf f e he ea als expia i on Aprl 25, 201 Co el a s i or r ton i 2. uns lo nf med Ha v t t t Comm onwe lh had r ey ha he at wines e t twoul t siy t tHa ve ad itd s tng Gibe ta W as ngt be o e t t s s ha d e tf ha r y m te hoo i l r nd hi on f r he Ap i e iain. Th r f r,Hav y rj ce t pe d a k o ngt a Cn b l itn e t rl xprto ee o e r e ee td he la e l n wi h t mp el ne d d o t tf agans hi ;he alo kne t tt Commonwe t po e i l ha a tona wines e esiy i t m s w ha he alh t ntaly d ddii l t s s wih s m ia t tm ony. t i l r es i 1 I Ha ve s sat habe peii , Ha ve i ude a lte ,s ' n r y' t e as tton r y ncl d etr uppos dl fom Ca e y r mpbel i whih l, n c Campbelr ca shi t si l e nt s e tmony asfle a sae t thela ne oft deaisofHavey' c i 9om papewo k as nd ttd ha e r d he t l r s rme r r t a Hav yk p i tej ic l.Th saeh b a c u tak o e g dt e itnc o t lte, u dse ad d i h t r e e t n h al el e tt a e s o r c n wld e he xse e fhe etr b t irg r e t be us i wasir e ntt Ha e scam sofi f tveasit nc ofc el H a ve di no eve aleget he ca e t relva o rv y' li nefeci ssa e ouns . r y d t r l hat h d k o ta Ca belwo l p ru ehmsl,a d i ma sl t sn eta Hav y wo l pe d g ly atr a n wn h t mp l ud ejr i ef n t ke il e s h t re ud la ui fe te t lar ng tatCampbelwoul 1e a til Regadls ,Ha ve di noti udeormen i Kcampbels'lte i hi e ni h l d i t ra. r es r y d ncl ton s l'' etr n s f r lha aspeiin, ede a be tto Th r f r,t e saes a j d c to o Cli 4 wa n tc nrr t ,o a t e s n bl ee o e h tt ' du iain f am s o o tay o r n mra o a e a ia i of Sti klnd,and wasnotba e on a t e ona e de e m i ton off c s t ,I pplc ton , rc a sd n mr as bl t r na i a t , hus gr ntt m o i t di m i s a t Cl i 4. a he ton o s s s o a m Fo t f egoi r as , 1 g a Res r he or ng e ons r nt ponde ' m oton t dimi s a dimis t nts i o s s , nd s s he pe ii f r a m i of ha s éor . Ba e upon my fndi t tHa ve has notm a t tton o t bea pus sd i ng ha r y de he rq st s b tn ils o ng o a d na o a c nsi to a rg ta r q rd b 2 U. C.j e uiie u sa ta h wi f e il f o tt in l ih s e uie y 8 S. u 2 5 () ac ri c t o a p aa l yi d n e . 2 3 c , e ti ae f p e lbit s e id t i ENTER: i l nd yo Api, 2016. Ths 5+ç a f rl 4 x ' . ' M S hi UniedStt ititJ or t aes src udge

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