Harvey v. Clarke

Filing 26

MEMORANDUM OPINION. Signed by Judge Jackson L. Kiser on 4/13/2017. (tvt)

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I TH E U M TE D STATE S D I
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STR I CO U R T
CT

FOR THE W ESTERN DI
SYRI OF W RGI A
CT
NI
R O A N O K E DI I O N
V SI
O RL AN D O H A RV EY ,
Pe i i r
tt one ,
V.

HAROLD W .
CLARK E,
R espondent
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BY;

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DEPUW C ERK

CA SE N O .7:
16CV 001
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M EM O R AN DU M O PI I
N ON

By:Hon.Jact on L. ie
ls
K sr
Se or U ni è St e D i t i tJudge
ni
t d at s s r c

Ora Har y,aVigi a i t pr e di pr K ,tm e y fl d ape ii f am i of
lndo
ve
r ni nma e oc e ng o
i l ie
tton or
t
.

ha e sc r us p ru n t 28U. C.j2 5 ,c alngn t ev l iy o Ha v y' c n i me t
b a op , u s a t o
S.
2 4 h l i g h ai t f r e s o fne n
e
d
o aj d me ti teCic i Co r o t Ciyo Ly c b r fra g a tdmaiiuswo dn ,
n u g n n h ru t u t f he t f n h u g o g rvae lco
un ig
malci wo ng,t c sofus ofafr a m i c
i ous undi wo ount
e
ie r n omm ison ofa f l
si
e ony,a pa tci ton
nd ri pa i
i a c i i lsr tga
n rm na tee ng. Re ponde fl d a m o i t dimis a Hawe r ponde mnki
s
nt ie
ton o s s , nd l y es
d,
ng
t m a trrpe f r diposton. Aferr e o t r or I gr ntt m oton t dim is a
he te i o s ii
t eviw f he ec d, a he
i o s s nd
di m i st pe ii n.
s s he tto
1.

On M a c 20,2011 ar und 11 P. . t e
rh
, o
M , e nage co i M a c W as ngt a J l o e
d usns r
hi on nd a w nt

Gib r weej g i b c t Gi r' h me fo a h u e o Ch ry S re i Ly c b r
le t r o gng a k o l ts o r m o s n e r te t n n h u g.
be
W a hi on' m o he had c l a t d W as ngt t ts wa on he wa t Gibe tshous
s ngt s t r
aled nd ol
hi on ha he s
r y o l r'
e
t pik hi up. An unknown i vi ua,sa ng t ry t f t f e a y,s a t t boys
o c m
ndi d l t ndi hit o ory e t wa hot t he wo
s ve a tmes Now wounde W a hi o a Gibe tmade t i wa bac t t hous o
e rl i .
d, s ngtn nd l r
her y
k o he
e n
Che r St e t N eihe W as ng on norGibe tkne Har y,a H a ve di notkno t boys
ry r e . t r
hi t
l r
w
ve nd r y d
w he
.

A sngl bule sr k W as ngtn i t l f ha bu Gibe twashi t ce Onebule
i e l t tuc
hi o n he e t nd, t l r
t wi .
lt
g a ed t e of G iber ' t s a t s co pa s t r ug hi r gh f . G ibe tr quie
r z hr e
l ts oe nd he e nd s ed h o h s i t oot
l r e rd

sic son hi rghtf ,a welass ge y t ti pl n e pi i t t s o hi l f f t The
tthe
s i oot s l
ur r ha m a t d ns n wo oe n s e t oo .

ij re c n i d Gi r t a ho ptlfrt we k a d r q r d u e o a wh e c i a d
nu is o fne l t o
be
s ia o wo e s n e uie s f
e l har n
c the f a tm e He mi s t mont ofs hool a he t sii d t the c d no l r
nzc s or i .
s ed wo
hs c , nd
e tfe ha
oul
onge
be hi l f t t tha pi i t m ,a t t he e re e pai i hi t s wih s m e
nd s e t oes ha d ns n he nd ha
xpe inc d n n s oe t o
fe nc Addii l Gibe tt tse t t he f e co i ng oc sona pr e s wih
r que y.
tonaly, l r esi d ha
ac d ntnui
ca i l oblm
t

b ln ea dmo l y a dh c udn t t a h g a hec udp irt t s oig.
aa c n bit , n e o l o jl s ih s o l ro o he ho tn
i
mp
A r m d t s m e tm e as t s i A drn
ot he a
i
he hootng, i nne Cha a w a dr vi K a i ha Cas
pm n s i ng ts
h,

Ha v y' gilre a t tme. Ha v y c le Ca h f arde. W he t y we tt pik Ha v y
r e s rfi nd t he i
r e a ld s or i
n he
n o c
re
up,he a
ppea e fo t s dowsbr a hi he viy a s a i a t d t wom e i rve,
r d r m he ha
e t ng a l nd we tng, nd ol he
n: r i

g to to h r ,u tg . Tra Tr, 29 3 , y 21 2 2.Du igt ec rrd , r e sae ,1
e u f ee j s o' il .1 - 0 Ma , 01
'
rn h a ie Ha v y ttd t
1
t ik Iki e hm, r fri t t p o l ta Ha v y ha j ts ta,t ndn t e wee
hr
l
l d i ' e erng o he e p e h t r e d us ho t hil g h y r
l
'
3 40
Tooly Boys1 I .a 133- 4,1 . Cha a as t sii d t tHa ve s cii ly sa e t the
e
. d t
pm n lo e tfe ha r y pe fcal t t d ha

s a t i vi s t twe e r m i be nd hi . 1 a 1
hot t wo ndi dual ha r ul ng hi
m d. t 34. Ba k a Cha h' ho e,
c t pma s us
H a v w i d of a g a l d i on a ni s a
r ey pe f un nd ai t
ght t nd. Cha a t tf e t tt gun t s s w
pm n es ii d ha he
hat he a

t tni htwa t s me gun t tHa ve wa lt rar se wih. La ty,Ha v y t d Cha a
ha g
s he n
ha r y s a e re t d t
sl
r e ol
pm n:

tDln' f r e t tIl w wh r y u a d y u s n se p n m ' J=a 1 9 Ch p nt l t
s o t o g t ha c
g
no
ee o n o r o le o ' #. t 3 . a ma o d he
c tt t s i e r t d Ha ve s sa e e a a t e tt dis de he fom s a ng t t
our ha he nt p e e
r y' tt m nt s hr a o s ua
r r
pe ki o he
polc
i e.

Da lt r on M a c 23,Ha ve fr d t gun a n i i Cas s a rme . Polce
ys ae ,
rh
r y ie he
gai nsde
h' pa t nt
i
a ve a H a ve s r nde e a t r a br e s ml fz Of i e s r co r d t pi t l whi h
ni d, nd r y ur e r d f e
i f t dof .
f c r e ve e he s o ,
c
m a c d c s ngsr c r d f om t c i 's tng a a bule e r c ed f om G ibe ts f t
t he a i
e ove e r he ous ns hoo i nd
l t xt a t r
l r ' oo ,

ar d dor g wih Ha v y' ie tfc to i i,a wela ab a k j c e e lz n d wih rd
e -a t r e s d n i ain n t s l s lc a k t mba o e t e
1The Tool B o ar a Lync g s e oft Ga t Dici e g ol N ai ga , orgi tng i
ey ys e
hbur ubs t he ngser s pls k ton ngs i na i n

Chi go.L- a 248.
ca da t
2Polceor r t oc upant o Cas sa rm e t come outi ov apar c rP.A .s tm . H a v y
i de ed he c
s f h' pa t nt o
sde er tol a
yse
re
t t t t t rym i e t s r nde .
ook weny o hit nuts o ure r

çl lo e fc s' Have a mitd t a tej c twa hs a tsi n etb ih d t ti
t alwe n a e . r y d te h t h a ke s i, nd e tmo y sa ls e ha t
l
'
wa Nie Try Bl o s cohn Ad iin l ,Ha v y sj c t c nan d n mi o t a
s n e o d lt ig. dto al r e ' a ke o tie mmt t n h t
y
i
m ac d t e rirGibe tW a hi on s i
the he a le l r- s ngt hootng.
Lt Da el Bl c q si
. ni
a k ue toned Ha ve r gr di t W as ng on- l r s tng, but
r y e
ng he
hi t Gibe t hoo i
H a v de e i ve en . H ow e r H awey di ad i t tt r ha bee Gs e t ngsgoi
r ey ni d nvol m t
ve , l
d m t ha he e d n tom hi
ng

o wiht ToolyBoys' J a 218.Attil De. vi Poi xtr aLync gpolcega
n t he
e
.' . t
Z
ra, tKe n nde e ,
hbur i ng
e r,t sii t t a m e be oft Tooly Boysha kil d a Ni Tr y Bl
xpe t e tfed ha
m r he
e
d le
ne e oodsm e be i
m rn
2011 De .Poi xt ra s t si d t ti t ye r pro t t W a hi o Gibe ts i
. t nde e l o e tse ha n he a s i r o he s ngtn- l r hootng,
t Ni Tr Bl
he ne ey oods ha ha s ve a vi e co r nt tons wih rva ga ,i l ng t
d d e r l olnt nf o ai
t i l ngs ncudi he
Tool y Boys. Sha r Sa
e
nd e unde s a N i Tr y B l
r,
ne e oods m e be ,w a co c e of s ve a c i es
m r s nvi t d
e r l rm

a tr s i a ca drve ca
fe hootng
b i r ughti t mi e o a diput be we n t Tool y Boys a
n he ddl f
s e t e he
e
nd
Bl ;a s Rod y J ms a he Ni Tr y Bl
oods lo, ne ol on, not r ne e oodsm e r wasc ced ofa a t d
mbe ,
onvi t
ggr va e
malci woundi a us ofafr a m f s i arva ga me be i 201
i ous
ng nd e
ie r or hootng i l ng m r n 0.
De rc Cn
rik mpbel,Ha v y' c l hood fi nd,t tfe t Ha v y ad it d t s tng
l r e s hid
re esiid hat r e m te o hoo i
t c i as r t i i f t Tooly Boys mur r ofone of Ha ve s f inds a f lo
he ousns
ealaton or he
e
'
de
r y' re
nd el w

Bl
oods m e r Brml Pa tr on. Alo,Cn
mbe , i
te s
s
mpbel sa e t t Ha vé ha c
l t t d ha r y d oncoce a f le
t d as

d f n e ta h wo l tyt p o et a hea tdi sl- ee ebyç sa i t theg y rno t
ee s ,h t e ud r o r v h t ce n efd fns t lyng ha t u s a u
g
a hi wih gl s d a n a he w aspr ec i hi s f' 1 a 238.
t m t m r w nd
ot tng s el . d. t
'
A tt i l Si iy Sa dge,t m o he of Ha ve s s n,t tf e t t o t ni ofM a c
r a , c l ndi
he t r
r y' o es ii d ha n he ght
rh
20,2011 Ha ve ha vi ie t i s a he ho e,t ee bl ks a a f om whe e t s i
, r y d s t d he r on t r us hr
oc w y r
r he hootng
occ r e H a ve s uncl t s ii d t tHar y s e i e s a d a hi hous ,a t n m i e w a k
u r d. r y'
e e t fe ha
ve om tm s t ye t s
e e
nut l
f om t s i H ow e r H a v y' t c e di notr c la hi unus labou M a c 20,
r
he hootng.
ve , r e s m l d
e al nyt ng
ua
t rh
a he di nott nk t tHa ve ha s aye wih hi t tni .
nd
d
hi ha r y d t d t m ha ght

Du i hi t tmony,Ha v y a kno edge t t he had be n a Bl
rng s esi
r e c wl d ha
e
oods m e r f
mbe or
s ve alye r , sa e t thi m ur r d fi nd,Bra Pa tr on, d notbe n a Bl
e r a s but t t d ha s de e re
in te s ha
e
ood. Hea s
lo
t sii d t theha viied hi s on t ni tofM a c 20,2011 a he ha be waki t
e tfe ha
d st s on
he gh
rh
, nd
d gun l ng o
hi uncl s hous whe f orfve i vi l,i l ng Gibe ta W a hi on,a oa he
s
e'
e
n our i ndi duas ncudi
l r nd s ngt ppr c d
hi t a k w ha he w a doi t r H a ve cl i e s l- e e a ti l t tf ng t t one
m o s
t
s ng he e. r y a m d e f def ns t r a , es iyi ha

m e roft gr wasa m e Hesa e t the di notknow t i vi sori t y we e
mbe
he oup
r d.
tt d ha
d
he ndi dual
f he
r
ga a fla e Be a e Ha ve wa i rva ga tnior t ug he t sii d t the f a ed
ng- fiit d. c us r y s n i l ng e t y, ho h, e tfe ha
er
f r hi lf a r ac e t t confo a i by r mi and frng hi gun i t die ton of
o s ie nd e t d o he
r nt ton
ur ng
ii
s
n he r c i
Gibe ta W a hi o s g ou Furhe ,he t tfed t the s t vitm s fo a r st
l r nd s ngtn' r p.
t r
esii ha
hot he c i r m c os he
sr e ,a oxi a ey t rpfve f t a
te t ppr m t l hit i ee way. Ha ve sa e t the c r id a gun f hi own
r y tt d ha
a re
or s

p oe to b c u e1 1to ti s( r qg ig o i t esres' I a 3 .Ho v r Ha v y
rt cin e a s $ o f hng wee on n n h te t. d. t 21 we e , r e
a
'
de e s tng t c i i r t iton f Pa tr o sdeah.
ni d hoo i he ousns n eala i or te s n'
t
Addii ly,Ha ve a it d t the:c l Ca h f a rde a trt s i we t
tonal
r y dm te ha
aled s or i fe he hootng, nt o
Cha a s a rment sa he t pit he ha us d i t W as ng on- l r s i i
pm n' pa t , t s d he sol
d e n he
hi t Gibe t hootng n
Cas s a tc a t t he le t Lt Bl ck a o he ofi r a ut hi i ve e i t
h' ti , nd ha
id o . a
nd t r fce s bo
s nvol m nt n he

s i He a knowl dge t thekne t tt a e wher t s tng oc un'd wa Tooly
hootng.
c
e d ha
w ha he r a
e he hoo i
c e
s
e
Boys t rior a t the kne Cn p l bec us t y had bee c l
e rt y, nd ha
w m be l a e he
n hidhood finds butt t
re ,
ha
t y had ha at r to whie i a c r t d t t r
he
d le cai ns l nc r e a e ogehe .He as t sii d t t ki a l ded gun t
lo e tfe o a ng oa
o

v sthss n o i tegm a dj c e r c v r db poie a p e erngt we r dt s o
ii i o , wnng h t n a k t e o ee y l , nd r fri o m' e o h w
c
hi B l
s oodscol s
or .

Addii ly,Har y a tmpt d t c lKs wn Kel t t siy t tGibe tt d Kel
tona l
ve te e o al ha
ly o e tf ha l r ol
ly
t ts ve a pe e i udi Gibe ta W a hi on,ha r n up on Ha ve a one m e r
ha e r l opl , ncl ng l r nd s ngt
d u
r y, nd
mbe

o t e g o p h d a g . Th Co n at o j ce be a e d fn e c l e n v rli a
f h ru a
un
e mmo we 1h be td c us ee s oms l e e ad
4

f
oundai n wih Gibe t i r
to t l rt o ntoduc t i acune e de e,a alo bec us t t si o
e he mpe l nt vi nc nd s
a e he e tm ny

wa h as y no s be tt a e c pin. Kel e e u ot tsiyn t a h k w Gib r
s e ra t u j c o n x e to
l nd d p ty etf ig h t e ne le t
y
l
t ough ba kebal,e n t h Gibe t d e le de edknowi Kely.
hr
s t l ve houg l r ha arir ni
ng l
La ty,Lt A nn l ie of t Lync
sl
.
t l y he
hbur Polc D e rm e t s ii d t ts r s
g i e pa t nt e tf e ha he e ponde t
d o

t Che r Ste thous on t ni ht o t s i a notc d a . cai rrfe i i t
he
ry r e
e
he g f he hootng nd i e
zz- lbe il nsde he
hom e.

Th j r c n itd Ha v yo a1 o n s
e u y o v ce r e n 1 c u t.
Hav y a pe ld hsc n ito st te Vigni Co r o Ap as saig ta ( )t e
r e p ae i o vcin o h r i a u t f pe l, ttn h t 1 h
e i e c wa is fiin r g r i hi a g a tdmaiiuswo ndn c a g ,a d ( )t a t e
v d n e s n u fce t e adng s g rvae lco
u ig h z e n 2 h t h
t i lco te r d i gr ntng a i t c i r r ng t i e e e of m a i e f om t de i r t
r a ur r e n a i n nsnz ton ega di he nf r nc
lc r
he lbe a e

us ofa de y we pon. The Cour ofAppe s de ed hi pe ii t c He t n a a e t
e
adl a
t
al ni
s tton wi e.
he ppe l d o
t V igi a Su e e Cour ,butt c tr f s d hi a a . O n J nua y 23,201 H a v y f l d
he r ni pr m
t
he our e u e s ppe l
a r
5, r e ie
a pe ii n f r a wrtof ha as c pus i t Supr m e C o tofV igi a. H e s a e f ur c ai sof
tto o
i
be or
n he
e
ur
r ni
tt d o l m
i f e tve as i t e of co m s . The V igi a Supr m e Cour de e H a v y' pe ii n,a
ne f c i
s sanc
t el
r ni
e
t ni d r e s tt o nd

a fnne t de a o r he i
fi d he nil n e arng.
On M a c 1 201 Ha ve fl d t i t n f der lha speii n,wih t s me f ur
r h 0, 6, r y ie he nsa t e a bea tto
t he a
o
i f e tve a s s a e cl m s as i hi s a e pe ii n. H a ve s pe ii s a es t t ti l c
ne f c i s i t nc ai
n s t t tto
r y' tton t t ha r a ouns l
e

wa i f c i f :
s nefe tve or

()f i n t c alng o o jb t t es fiin y o e d n eusdt c n c Hav y o
1 al g o h le e r b e t o h u fce c f vie c e o o vit r e f
i
c i na sr e ga pm ii to plrua t Va Codej18. 46. A)
rmi l te t ng cpain zs nt o .
2- 2( ;

()f i n t 1y ap o e f u d to f ras p ri s l- e e s/ l iwi e s wh s
2 al g o a r p r o n ain o u po t efd f n eai t s, o e
i
ng
b n
t s i ony woul ha e
e tm
d ve xone a e hi ofhi a a t m a i i w oundi c r
rtd m
s ggr va ed lc ous
ng ha ge;

5

( )fiig t c n uta do o ti tea ssa c o a i d p n e te p r t a e u tl
3 al o o s l n / r ban h s itn e f n n e e d n x e t o d q aey
n

c le g a d p o t tt e alg d v ci sij ispls a tt Va Co e j 1 .
haln e n r ve ha h l e itm' nure t u n o . d 82e
r
5 . A)ween t r n n a dsg fc n ; n .
12(
r o pe ma e t n iniia t a d
()f iigt if r a d d sl s t Hav y r lv n pr s c to e i n ewh c wo l
4 aln o n o m n ico e o r e ee a t o e u in vde c ih u d
ha a f r d hi a f i a a uae opporuniy t i eli nty de i t a e a
ve f o de m ar nd deq t
t t o nt lge l c de o cc pt
f vor bl pl ade ofe e byt Com monwe lh.
a a e e al f r d he
at
Re ponde m ove t dim is Ha ve s ha as cli s a wihout me i, a Ha ve ha
s
nt
s o s s
r y' be
am s t
rt nd r y s
rs
e ponde t t m o i
d o he ton.
I.
1

To obt n f de a ha s r lef Ha ve mus demonsr t t t he i tn c t
ai e r l bea ei , r y
t
ta e ha
s l usody i
i
n

vo ai n o te Co tmto o lws o te te o t e Un td S ae . 2 U. C.j 2 5 4
ilto f h nsi in r a r rais f h ie tts' 8 S.
'
2 4 $.

Und r28U.. j 2 5 ( h we e , h fd r lh be sc t tma n tg a tam i o ha e s
e
SC. 2 4 *, o v r t e e ea a a ol y o rn
r
t f ba
c r usb s do a ycam t a asaec u t e ie o t emeisu ls t a a j dc to
o p a e n n li h t tt o r d cd d n h rt n e s h t du iain:
( )Re utd i a d cso ta wa c n rr t ,o iv le a u ra o a l
1 s le n e iin h t s o tay o r n ov d n n e s n be
a ia i n of cea l e t bls d Fe r ll w,asde e mi d by t Supr m e
pplc to , l ry s a ihe de a a
t r ne
he
e
Cour o t U nie St t s or
t f he t d a e ;

( )Re utd i ad cso t twa b sd o a t e s n b ed tr n to o te
2 s le n e iin ha s a e n n mr a o a l ee miain f h
f t i lghtoft e de epr e e i t Stt co tpr e ng.
acs n i
he vi nc es ntd n he a e ur oce di

2 U. C.j2 4( .s e as W i imsv.Ta lr 5 9 U. 3 2 4 3 1 ( 0 ) G h r,a
8 S.
25 *, e lo l n
l
y o , 2 S. 6 , 0 - 3 20 0 . l e e s
W
he e,t sa e c tsa ia i ofgove ni f de a lw i c lnge i mus be s
r he tt our' pplc ton
r ng e r l a s hale d, t t hown t be
o

n to l er n o , u o j cieyu ra o a e' Yabo o h v Ge tv 5 0 U. 1 5 ( 0 )
o ny ro e us b t b e tv l n e s n bl. r r uc . n r , 4 S. , 20 3 .
'
Un e t i sa d r ,ta sae c u tsd tr n to t a a cam lc sme i prcud sfd r l
d r hs tn ad t ) tt o r' eemiain h t li a k rt e l e e e a
(
h b a r l fs ln a fi- nd djlit c ul a re o t e c re te so t sae c u ts
a e s ei o o g s armi e t ss o d g e n h o r cn s f he tt o r'
e
r
d cso ' Ha n tnv. c tr 5 2U. 8 ,1 ( 01 )(mit itr l u tto )
e iin. ni go Rihe , 6 S. 6 01 2 1 o ti nena q o ains.
'
ng
C A)f d r lc u tma no g a tawrto h b a c r st ap tto e i saec so y
G e ea o r y t rn
E
i f a e s opu o eiin r n tt u td
unl s t pe ii rha fr te used hi s a e r m e e by pr e i hi c ai st t hi s
e s he ttone s is xha t
s t t e di s
es ntng s l m o he ghe t
6

s a e cour . Ba r v. Co c a 220 F. 276, 288 (t Ci.20 0 (iig 28 U.. j
tt
t'
'
ke
r or n,
3d
4 h r 0 ) ctn
SC.

e h x a sin
2 5 ( )1; O' u l a v.Bo rke, 5 U. 8 8 8 ( 9 9) To me t t e e h u to
2 4 b ( ) S li n
v
ec l 26 S. 3 , 48 1 9 ).
r uie e t apeii rt us ha pr s ntd t t sa ec u'bo h t o r tve f c sa t
eq r m n , ttone ç t ve e e e o he t t ot t t he pe a i a t nd he
m

c n r lig lg lp i ils' Kaiv.Ang ln ,3 0 F.d48 ,5 -2 (t Ci. 00 )(n en l
o toln e a rncp e . s
'
eo e 0 3 7 010 4 h r 2 2 itr a
q tto mak a dctto o t d . $ cam t a h sno be nprs n e t t ehih s sae
uoai n r s n i in mit ) : li h t a t e e e td o h g e t tt
a
e A
co tneve t e smay bete t d ase used i i i cla t tt cai wo d bepr ed al
ur
rhels
r ae
xha t f t s e r ha he l m ul
oc ur ly
ba r d unde sa e1 w i t pe ii ra tmptd t pr s n i t t sa eco t' Bat r 220 F.
re
r tt a f he ttone te e o e e t t o he t t ul ' le ,
3d

a 28 (ii Gryv. t e ln , 8U. 1 2, 6 ( 9 6)
t 8 ct
ng a Neh ra d 51 S. 5 1 1 1 9 ).
Fede a c t r vi w t m e is ofc am s de i d by t sa e c urs on die ta a
r l ours e e he rt
li
c de
he t t o t
r c ppe l
u rt def e i lsa r ma t by t M tt rors a Efeci De t Pe ly Ac
nde he er nta t nda d ndaed
he ie r im nd f tve a h nat
t

(
AEDPA) Unde t AEDPA,a f dealC 4 ma n0t grnt a Sae PIS IIS ha a
.
r he
e r ou1 y
a
tt iOIC' be s
'

a lc to o acam a j dc tdb t esaec u t n e sterlv n sae c ur d cso wa
ppiain n li du iae y h tt o r u ls h ee a t tt -o t e ii n s
c r r t or i ved a um e ona e a i ton of c e ry e t bls d f r l lw, a
onta y o,
nvol
n
as bl pplca i
, l a l sa ihe ede a a
s

d tr ne b t e S p e Couto t eUni d Sae . Se 28U. C.j2 44 . F rh r t
eemi d y h u rme t. f h
t tt s e
e
S.
25 * u te ,he
AEDPA sa r i Ghi y de e en i ' t bo h f cua fndi a l ga c l i ns a t
t nda d s û ghl f r tal' o t a t l i ngs nd e l oncuso , nd he
pe ii rbe st bur n ofpr . Ha nzt 5 U . a 1 Cule v. n se ,563 U.
ttone ar he de
oof ni on, 62 S. t 05; l n Pi holt r
S.

1 0 1 ( 01 )
7 , 81 2 1.
H a v y br ngs f ur c ai s of i f c i a s s a
re
i
o lm
nef e tve s it nce of c
ouns l A pettone cl i i
e.
ii r a m ng

i f c i a ssa of c
nefe tve s it nce
ouns l mus s ts y t t pr
e
t a if he wo- onged t s s t f t i Stiklnd v.
e t e orh n rc a

W as ngtn,466 U. 668 ( 98 . G-'epeii rmus s boh det e tpef nceand
hi o
S.
1 4) l h ttone
f
t how t kin ronna

p eu ie t et aespaaea d dsi tee n s' e c rv. ra ,1 F.d 2 , 3 - 3
rj dc ; h wo r e rt n it lme t.
nc
'Sp n e Mu r v 8 3 29 2 2 3
( h Ci.1 4)(mpha i adde . Fort frtpr ng,Ha v y mus s çha co e ma
4t r 99 e
ss
d)
he is o
re
t how t t unsl de
t

e r s s s roust tc
ror o e i ha ouns lwasnotf nc i ng a t l uns 'gu r nted t de e ntby
e
' toni s he co el a a e he f nda
u
t Si h Ame m e . Stiklnd, U. a 68 88.
he xt
nd nt' rc a 466 S. t 7'
Elhe pr
toper m e s e of a t ne pe f m a
a ur
tor y r or nce r m a ns s m pl r as
e i i y e onabl nes unde
e s
r
pr ii pr e s onalnonns' I a 688. Co t r vi w i ha aspe ii m ai ai a C t ong
eva lng of s i
. d. t
'
ur s e e ng be
ttons nt n : r
s

pr umpton' t t cou e ' c
es
i ' ha
ns ls onduc f l wihi t çwi r ng of r a ona e pr e sona
t el t n he t de a e
e s bl of s i l
as it nc ' 1 a 689. d udi a s nzi ofc
s sa e. d. t
'
t cil c tny
l
ouns lspe f r nc m us behi hl de er nta,'
e ' ro ma e
t
g y f e i l'
a c
nd ouns li i r itd t s tpro ii s deer ne ti sr t gy,a pr s t e cli swih
e s û m te o e irte , t mi ral ta e
pe
nd e s hos am
t
t gr a e tcha sofs e s' I
he e t s
nce
ucc s . d.
'
For t s c
he e ond pr
ong, a peii r mus de onsr t t t t e i a çr a o bl
ttone
t m ta e ha her s
çe s na e
pr ba lt t t butf rc
o biiy ha ,
o ouns lsun of s i le r s t r s toft pr e ng woul ha
e ' pr e sona ror , he e ul he oc edi
d ve
be n dif r nt' 1 a 694. ( r as bl pr biiy i apr biiy s fc e t t r net
e f e e . d. t
'
ç e ona e oba lt s oba lt uf ii nt o mde mi he
A

c i nc oft o c ' J Lasl Clq atr y' fiur t rieame ls agume (
ontde e he utome. Z
'
ty,çan tone s al e o as
dte s r nt j
c nnotf m t basso as ce s u i feci as itnc ofco elcli bec us t r ul of
a
or he i f uc s f l ne f tve ssa e
uns a m
a e he es t
t pr e ng woul notha be n dif r ntha t a tr r iedt is . Unie Stt sv.
he oc edi
d
ve e fe e
d he to ney a s he s ue'
' td ae

Ki e,1 7 F.d 8 9 8 3 (t Ci.1 9 ) se as M o r v. ie S ae ,9 4 F.S p 7 4
mlr 6 3 8 , 9 5h r 9 9 ; e lo o e Untd tt s 3
u p. 2 ,
731( D. .1 .
E. Va 996)
Ha ve ha e used t a ia e sae c tr m e e f e h ofhi f de alc am s
r y s xha t he va lbl t t our e di s or ac
s e r li
be a e Har y ha et r ç a ry pr s nt d hi cli t t sa e' hi tco t'or : sa e
c us
ve s ihe l il e e e s am o he tt s ghes ur' & t t
f
a
pr edur l r e wo d ba c i r ton i t c am wa .. .pr s nt t t sa e co t'
oc a ul
ul r onsde a i f he l i
s
e e ed o he t t ur.'

Mathe v.Evat 105 F. 907,911 ( h Ci.1
t ws
t
3d
4t r 997)over e on ot rgr mdsby Unie
ruld
he ot
td

S ae v.Ba te 6 4 F.d l 2 (t Ci.2 1 . Hawe s drc a pe li fn la d a y
tts
met, 4 3 9 4h r 01 )
l y' ie t p a s ia n n
a tonals a e ha as a ton w oul be pr e a l de a t d bo h unde V igi a' s a ut of
ddii
t t be c i
d
oc dur ly f ule
t
r r ni s t t e

8

l tto s Va Co e j 8016 4A)2 ,a d t e Vign as s c si p tto sa e Va
i ain , . d
mi
. - 5 ( ( ) n md r r ii ' uc e sve ei n tmt, .
i
Codej8. - 4( ()
0165 B)2 .
111.

A . Cl m 1
ai

I Cl i 1 Ha ve a g s t t c
n am , r y r ue ha ouns was i fe tve f r f lng t c l
el
ne f c i o aii o halenge t
he
s ûce
uf incy oft e de of hi c i i sr e ga pa tcpai c cton. Spe fcal
he vi nce
s rm nal te t ng rii ton onvi i
cii ly,
Ha vey c e t t c ms l ne ece t c le
r
ontnds ha ot e gl t d o ha lnge t Comm onwe lh' f itr t pr
he
a t s alte o ove

be ndaras bl do tt tt Ni TryBl ( )weeasr tga 3t a ha c
yo
e ona e ub ha he ne e oods 1 r tee ng h t d ommitd
te

t o mo ep irp e iaeci n la t,a d( )t a Hawe s o W a hngo a d Gib r a a
wo r r ro rd c t rmia cs n 2 h t l y h t s i tn n let s
me be a f rt be f of a t dieci n of o i as oc ai n wih t Ni Tr y Bl .
m r nd o he ne h , t he r to , r n s i to t he ne e oods4

Ho v r i Ha v y ssaeh be speii n t eVign aS p e Co r f u dt tçth r c r ,
we e ,n r e ' tt a a tto ,h r ii u rme u t o n ha i j e e o d
l
i udi t t i t a c i , de
ncl ng he ral r ns rpt monsr t s t t co e di c le
ta e ha uns l d ha lnge t s ûc e y of t
he uf i nc
he

e de e esa ihi t t ( r e 'j atc wa c r ce t glr e s g n afl to
vi nc t bls ng ha Ha v y s ta k s ome td o la v y'j a g fii in.
a

Co n e ag e . .h e i e c s o d l r e l wa se n pes na rve e a ans h s
u s l r u d . t e v d n e h we Ha v y s e kig ro l e ng g i t i
vitms' Have v.Clr No.1 60,a 2 ( Nov.16,201 . The eor,co e di
ci . r y
'
ake,
501 t Va.
5)
r f e unsl d
c lnge t s fce y of t e de e r r ng t c
hale
he ufi inc
he vi nc ega di he onneci bewe Ha ve s ga
ton t en r y' ng
a fla i andt Gibe tW a hi on s i
fiiton
he l r- s ngt hootng.

3A S rm i sr etga 'i dei unde V a Co ej1 24 . (01 )a :
t i nal te ng' s tned
c
r . d 8.-6 1 2 7 s

An o g igog niain, so ito ,o go po tle o mo ep ro . . i whihh sa o e
y n on r a z to a s cain r ru f l e r r esns . () c a s n
r
o i p i r o jcie o a tvte tec mmiso o ... rmia a tvte ;(i whc ha a
f t rmay be t s r cii s h o sin f ci n l cii s i ih s n
s
v
i
i )
ie tfa e n me o ie t yn sg o s mbo;a (i wh s me r i iiu l o
d niibl a r d ni ig in r y l nd ii o e mbes ndvd al r
f
)
y
c l ciey h v e g g d i t c mmiso olatmp t c mmi,c npiay t c mmi,o
ol t l a e n a e n he o sin t te t o o t o s rc o o t r
e v
s iiaton oft o mor pr di t c i na acs a l s oneofwhih i a ac ofvi e e....
olct i
wo r e e cae rmi l t, t ea t
c s n t olnc

Va Co j1 .- 61
. de 82 4 ..
4 Vigi a' c i i l sret ga pa tcpa i saut, Va Co e j 1 . 4 .( ( 01 ) rq rd te
r ni s rm na te
ng rii ton tt e
. d
82-62 A) 2 7, e uie h

Co n at t po eta ()Havy wa aci n lsre jn me r ()h k o n y.n wilul
mmowel o rv ht 1 re s rmia tet ag mbe, 2 e n wigl ad l l
h
fy
p riiae i ap e c t ci n la t a d( )ta a twa c mmltdfrtebe ek o,a tedrcin o,o i
atcp td n rdiae rmia c, n 3 h t c s o te o h n t f t h ie to f r n
a s ito wihteg ng Ha lo v. mmo we 1 , 8 S. 2d1 8 1 7( . 01)
socain t h a . mi n Co n at 6 8 E. 6 , 7 Va 2 0 .
t
h
9

Ha v y as a g st tt Comm o at f ie t s
r e lo r ue ha he
nwe 1h al d o how t tt N i Tr y Bl
ha he ne e oodsha
d
c mitd t pr c e crmi lac sbe us Sha r Sa
om te wo ediat i na t ca e nd e unde sw a par ofa dif r ntga 5
r s t
fe e
ng.
Ha v y cai st t Sa
r e l m ha unde swasnota me be oft N i Tr y Bl
r
m r he ne e oodsbec us t Supr me
a e he
e
Co t o Vigi a pr vi l des rbe Saunde s as G l de i a ga cal d t Gari l
ur f r ni e ousy c i d
r
1 ea r n
a
ng le he
fe d

Av n Blo s' S u d r v.Co n at ,7 6 S. 2 3 0 351( .2 1 . On h be s
e ue o d . a n es
'
mmo we 1h 0 E.d 5 ,
Va 01 )
a a
r vi w ,t V igi a Supr m e Cou t f
e e he r ni
e
r ound t t H a v y ha not s t s i d e t r pr ng of t
ha
re
d
a i f e ihe o
he

Stikl nd t s :G eeci Ke n Poi xtr wa qualfe asa e r on ga a tviy i t
rc a e t r t tve vi
nde e
s
ii d
n xpe t
ng c i t n he
Lync g,Vigi a a e De e tve Poi xtr t tfed Sa
hbur
r ni r a. t c i
nde e esii
unde s was a m e roft Ni
r
mbe
he ne
Tr y Bl
e
oods a had pr ousy be n co c e of c r s se i fom hi s tng a
nd
evi l e
nvit d
ha ge t mm ng r
s hoo i t
me be soft Tooly Boys' Ha ve v.Clr , 150160, 2m r
he
e
. r y
'
a ke No.
at 3.
Fur he ,H a ve hasno of e ed a e de t the i or e c m s t t Sa m de sw as
t r r y
t f r ny vi nce ha
nf m d ot el ha t r

nota m e r oft Ni Tr y Bl
mbe
he ne e oods. I f c ,i a af vi,c
n a t n n fda t ouns explcty de e t t
el
i il ni d ha

Hav yha d n s
r e d o e o.Re p'' M o .oDimis Hav yv. ak , .1 01 0 a 2 3 Ex. !3
s ts tt s s, r e Clr e No 5 6 , t - , D,
(ç- r e jas ne e a vs d go n e)t a S a r Sa n eswa n tame ro h sg n .)
tla v y lo v r d ie c u s l h t h nde u d r s o
ll
mbe f i a g' .
'
On ha a r viw ,Ha v y ca est bur n t pr t tc
be s e e
r e ni he de o ove ha ouns lkne ors d ha known
e
w
houl ve
t tSa
ha under wasno a N i Tr y Bl
s
t
ne e ood,a ort tme be s p of e h ga wa m ut l
nd/ ha m r hi
ac ng s ualy
fr d
vi nc o how t tSamde s wasnotaNi Tr y Bl ,
ha t r
ne e ood
e us ve. H a v y hasofe e no e de e t s
xcl i 6 r e
t the t d c
ha
ol ouns lt tSamde s wa nota Ni Tr y Bl
e ha t r s
ne e ood,ort tcouns lkne or s d
ha
e
w
houl
5The Commonweat ha i r e a c i c
1h d ntoduc d rme ommit by Sa r a one oft pr dia eacsoft
ted
undes s
he e c t t
he
Ni Tr y Bl sga f t pur e ofpr ngt tt Ni Tr yBl s tsi t sa uor r quie t of
ne e ood ng or he pos s
ovi ha he ne e oods a ifed he tt t y e r men s
a t t e tga '
s r e ng.'
s
6H av yctsTavbr v. Co
on
re ie
mmo we l , 0 S. 2 2 0( . . p. 01 ) whc h l ta tesre
n at 7 3 E.d 7 Va CtAp 2 l, ih ed h t h tet
h
ga parii ton sa ue r quie t tpr diat a o s mus s r t s m e ove alor ni ton,asocain,or
ng tcpai tt t e rs ha e c e ctr
t ha e he a
r l ga zai
s ito
gr up. I Ta on,t Com m onwe t ofe e acrm eofa difr ntbutsm ial na ed l ga asapr di t
o
n ybr he
a1h fr d i
fe e
i lry m ocal ng
e cae
ac u rt sr e gang saut TheComm onw e t ne pr d t r lton bewee t pr diat a orsga
t nde he te t
t t e.
alh ver ove he eai
t n he e c e ct ' ng
a t de e ntsga a alo ne rcai e t tt prdi t a tga membe wa apa4oft de e nts
nd he f nda ' ng, nd s ve l m d ha he e cae c ng
r s
l he f nda '
gang. The eor ,t V igi a Cour ofAppe l ove t nedt convito bas d on i ufiinte de e.H e e t
r f e he r ni
t
as rur he
cin e
ns fce vi nc
r , he
Commo a1h ofe e t t si
nwe t fr d he e tmony ofaLync g ga e r who saedt tSa
hbur ng xpeq
tt ha under wa aNi Tr yBl
s s ne e ood.
Ha v hasnotofe e a evi ncepr ng t tSa
r ey
fr d ny de
ovi ha under wa notaNi Try Bl and t r f eTa on i
s s
ne e ood,
he eor ybr s
unavalngt H mwey' ar e .
ii o
s gum nt

10

ha known t t Saunde s wa no a Ni Tr y Bl
ve
ha
r s t
ne e ood. I t d,H a ve r le o c us r
nsea
r y e is n oùcl o y
a lga i ns t t c r c t e de e i t r c d. The e o e r ga dl s of t Sa
le to ha ontadit he vi nc n he e or
r fr , e r e s
he unde s
r
opi on, whi h c
ni
ha r i
c ouns l w a a a e of1 c
e
s w r , ouns 1c d ha r s na y c l
e oul ve ea o bl oncuded t ta gung
t tSa
ha unde swa notaNi Tr y Bl woul bef ie.
r s
ne e ood
d utl
Addii ly,Ha v a gues t t at ug he r a l a itd hi me be s p i t
tona l
r ey r
ha lho h
e diy dm te s m rhi n he
Ni Tr y Bl
ne e oods a til t Comm onweat f l t pr vet tHa ve s W a hi o a
t ra , he
lh aied o o ha r y hot s ngt n nd
Gibe tf rt be ftof a t die ton o ,o i as oca i wih t ga Hawe s ii ly
l r o he ne i , t he r c i f r n s iton t he ng. l y pecfcal
not s t t W a hi on a Gibe tw e e not Tool y Bo . H o e , t Supr m e Cour of
e ha
s ngt nd l r r
e
ys
w ver he
e
t

Vig na f t t t çhe r c r , icudn t e tilta s rp s d mo srts ta g r e
r i i omd ha û e o d n l ig h ra r n cit, e n tae h t Ha v y)
t
bele d hi vi tm s we e me be s of t Tooly Boys a t tm e r of t t ga had
ive s ci
r
m r
he
e
nd ha
mbe s
ha ng

r c n l k l d a me ro ( r e s g n . l Attil Ch p n tsi d t tHawe
e e ty il
e
mbe f Ha v y') a g' d.
'
ra, a ma etle ha l y
be i ve he ha s t o Tool y Boys Tr a Tr ,1 M a 21,201 Fur he ,De .Poi xt r
le d
d hot w
e
. i l . 34, y
2.
t r t
nde e

t si d t tTooly Boyshadr c nty mur r d Ha e sN i Tr y Bl a s a ea fi
e tfe ha
e
ee l
de e rv y' ne e ood s ocit nd rend,
Bra Pa tr on. Ha ve e n a ted i hi t tmony t the di notf e s f ,t the ke
in te s
r y ve dmit n s esi
ha
d
e l a e ha
pt
a t to i li c tpoc t a t thef l hene d afr a m f pr t to i Tooly Boys
mm miin n ls oa
ke , nd ha
et
ede
e r or o eci n n
e

g n tnio y Ac o dngy t e Co n at ito u e s fiin e d n et 1tt ej r
a g e t r . c r i l, h mmo we 1 nr d c d u fce t vie c o e h u y
h
de i whehe i b i d t tHa v y' a tonss tsi d t saut r r quie nt .
c de
t r t eleve ha r e s c i
aife he t t o y e r me s
La ty, due t t ove whel ng naur of t Comm onwe lh' e de e,t sa e
sl
o he
r
mi
t e
he
at s vi nc he t t
ha as c ur f md t tafe t f ld c le t t s fcinc of t e de e c uns
be o t ot ha tr he aie ha lnge o he uf e y
he vi nc , o el
c d have r a ona y be i ve t t an f rhe c l ng was f tl H a v v. Cl r N o.
oul
e s bl le d ha y ' t r hale e
u
u ie. r ev
a ke,

1 60,a 2. 1ag ee wih t Vigi a Supr me Co ts ûndi . Ba e on t r c d be o e
501
t
r
t he r ni
e
ur '
ngs
sd
he e or f r

me I tn ta t e sae c u ts a j iain o Ha v y scan Na n tc n
, s d h t h tt o r' dudc to f r e ' liA v s o o ko t ,o a
o rn

7couns r pr s nt Samdesi Sa r 'appe .
el e e e ed t r n unde s
al

unr s bl a ia i of c e ry esa ihe f de a 1 w a was no bas on a
ea ona e pplc ton , l a l
tbls d e r l a nd
t
ed
n
um ea o bl dee na i oft f t a t ,Iwildimist sc am .
s na e t nni ton he acs nd, hus
l s s hi l i
B . Cl i 2
am

I Cl m 2,Ha ve c e t t c uns wa i fe tve f f lng t ly a pr per
n ai
r y ont nds ha o el s ne f c i or aii o a
o
f
oundaton f a ai a s fdef ns s
i or n lbi nd el- e e uppori wine s
tng t s ,whos t si ony woul ha
e e tm
d ve
e
xone a e H awe f om t a a t d m a i i w o
rtd l y r
he ggr va e
lc ous undi c r .8 Speci ly, H a ve
ng ha ge
sca l
r y
c ai s t tt t tm o of K s w n K e l w oul ha s
l m ha he es i ny
ha
ly
d ve hown t t G iber a a gr o ot r
ha l t nd
oup f he

i vi l had a pln t n
ndi dua s
a o mbus Ha ve on t ni htoft s i . The c am i wiho
h r y
hq g
he hootngs
l i s t ut
m e i.
rt

Fis, c
rt ouns ls pe f m a
e ' ror nce was not dei i nt be a e Ha v y ne r pr f r d a
fc e
c us
re
ve ofe e n
a fda t fom Ke l r ga di wha Kely' t tmony wo d ha sa e Se Bas e t v.
fi vi r
ly e r ng
t l s esi
ul ve tt d. e
s te

Thomps 915 F. 932 ( h Ci.1 (Thegr tf ii oft a la on hi cam t t
on,
2d
4t r 990) t
ea alng he ppelnt
s li ha
ot r e de e s d ha bee pr s nt d ...i t a e e ofa pr f e oft tmony fom a
he vi nc houl ve n e e e
s he bs nc
o f r esi
r

wines orwinese he cli hi atr y s d ha c 1e ' ;Nikes v.Le 971F.
t s
t ss
ams s tone houl ve a1d.) c ron
'
e,
2d

1 2 , 1 3 (t Ci.1 9 ) ( odng t th b a peiin r s s p o tt i cams wi
1 5 1 6 4 h r 9 2 h li ha a e s t o e smu t u p r her li
t
t
h
e i e c ;t u tnitd s l-e vn sae n s c r t fr t e b ss f r ha e s r le)
v d n e ms bsa tae efsr ig ttme t amo om h a i o b a eit.
Fu t r c
r he , ouns l di i pe h Gibe t w ih K e l s t s i ony, bec us Kely t tfe t t he
e d m ac
l r t
ly' e tm
a e
l esi i d ha

kne Gibe tfom plyi ba kebal t t r e n t ug Gibe t e knowi K el
w l r r
a ng s t l ogehe , ve ho h l r denid
ng ly.
Alo a ti , c
s t ral ouns l c d ha r a ona y be ived t t i t f ce of t
e oul
ve e s bl
le
ha , n he a
he
Com m onwea t sevi nc ,K e l s t s i ony w oul nothel Har e s c e f s l- e e,but
lh' de e ly' e tm
d
p
v y' as or e f def ns

8Ha ve lkel m e ns a s fdeens s
el- f e uppori wines , o y. H a ve a it t s i W as ngt
tng t s nl
r yi y a
r y dm ted o hootng
hi on
a G ibe t t ef e,hewoul notha a albi
nd l r;her or
d
ve n i .

i t a ma ha da a d Hawe s c e biiy f t rg On ha as r viw ,t Vigi a
nse d y ve m ge
l y' r di lt urhe .
be e e he r ni
Supr me Co tf
e
ur ound:

Cn b l' a c u to E r e s a miso srg r ig t s o tn c mp re
mp els c o n f Hav y') d sin e a dn he h o ig o o td
wih Gibe ts a W as ng on' t si o t bolt i t cr di lt of a 1
t l r ' nd
hi t s e tm ny, hus serng he e biiy
1
tle wines es The ewasno e d nc a ti t tCn
lr e t s .
r
vi e e t ral ha mpbelc d ha ln n
l oul ve e r ed

t deal oft r lva e nt orofg-a v y'jplnt cai s l- ens fom
he tis he ee nt ve s
l r e s a o l m efdef e r
l
as u c oh r h n l r e l
o re te t a Ha v y .
Ha v v.Clr No.1 60,a 2. I ag e wih t sa e ha as co ts a l i . N et r
r ey
a ke,
501
t
r e t he t t be
ur ' nays s
ihe

Gibe tnor W as ngt c d i ntf t s t r t f e i e de
l r
hi on oul de iy he hoo e , he or nsc vi nce s
uggese t t t
t d ha he
s e had fr d tn s s whie m ovi ove a dit e of a
hoot r
ie e hot
l
ng r
sanc
boutf t yar ,and a1of t
ory ds
l
he
bule s a s l c i r co r d we e f om t s m e w e pon,whi h polc r co r d f o
l t nd he l asngs e ve e
r r
he a
a
c
i e e ve e r m
H aw e durng hi a r s . Furher t Com m onw e lh' w ine s s i udi A drn
l y
i
s re t
t , he
a t s t s e , ncl ng
i nne

Cha n,ge al s tnta e e ch ot rst si o butKel st s' o wa c
pma
ner ly ubsa it d a
he ' e tm ny,
ly' e tm ny s omplt l
i
ee y
co r di t y, t no e e na e de it s
nta cor wih
xt r l vi nta' uppot.
y
'
t

Ad i o l Ha v y fisu d rtet rj dc 'pr n t s o t tte ei ar a o a l
dt nal r e al n e h t eu ie' o g o h w ha h r s e s n b e
i y,
p
pr ba lt t t bu f c ms ls alege m it s t o c e oft ti woul ha be n
o biiy ha , t or ot e ' l d sake , he ut om
he ral
d ve e

dfe e t Fo av l cam o sl- ee s ,Hav y n e e t d mo srt t t ej yt a G e
ifr n . r ai li f efd fn e r e e d d o e n tae o h ur h t G
d
h
r as bl pe c i d a i i ntt e t ofde t o bodiy ha' a t thi us of f c i
e ona y r e ve n mm ne hr a
ah r
l l nd ha s e
m
or e n
r s e t t tt ea w a a opra e y pr po tonal' I a 6. Atbe t Ha ve a Kely'
e pons o ha hr t s ppr it l o ri . d. t
'
s , r y nd
l s
t tmony m i ha s
esi
ght ve hown t thewa G ntte t us de y f cet de e hi s ffom t
ha
s ç il d o e adl or o f nd m el r he
e

o e i iiu l ( r e ) pec i e t b ame wih a g n. J- Ho v r Ha v y frd
n ndvd a Hav y rev d o e r d t
u ' -S we e, r e ie
' I
J
id srmi tl fo a r s te sr e,a p o i tl tit-ie fe a y Ev n i t j r
n ic i naey rm c o s h te t p r x maey hry fv e t wa . e f he u y
a ce e a1 o Ha v y' t si ony ast e no o he me be oft a lged a bus gr woul
c pt d l f r e s e tm
nl, t r m r he le
m h oup
d

9Counse1c d haver c l Gibe tasawine sa l d t f
.
oul
e aled l r
t s nd ai he oundai f rKely' excude tsi ny.
ton o
l s l d e tmo
Howeve , c e c d have r s bl de i agans doi s be us Kely' ve son of e nt w e e
r ouns l oul
ea ona y cded
i t ng o, ca e
l s ri
ve s r
unbele ea Ha v sc e biiy wa ar dy da
ivabl nd r ey' r di lt s lea
mage fo hi c i nalr or a hi admisont hele
d rm s rmi ec d nd s
s i hat id
t polc ofi r on muli eoc aso .
o ie fce s
tpl c ins

ha pos d Ha ve a i i nta r s na et e tofdeah o bodiy ha m .Acc di l hi
ve e
r y n mm ne nd ea o bl hr a
t r
l r
or ngy, s
r a ton wasi r nty l e s na e es c a l i lghtoft f c t tHa v y ne r c am e
e ci
nhe e l mr a o bl , pe i ly n i
he a t ha r e ve l i d
t teihe Gibe torW a hi t wa t i vi lwho wa an a not ng s
ha t r l r
s ng on s he ndi dua
s lned nd hi ugge t t t
ss ha
Gibe ta it o he w i e t K e l
l r dm ted t r s o ly.
.

ç k wie glr e lh s n v r s g e td ta he dd n titn t s o Gi r a d
tie s , la v y a e e u g se h t
i o n e d o ho t l t n
be
W a hngo Se M c e v.Co n at 2 8 S. 2 8 8 8 Q ( 9 8 ( y a g i s ls i tn. e Ghe
mmo we 1 4 E.d 0 , 1 1 7 ) b r ung ef
h,

d fn e ç d fn a ti lcty a mis h i tnd d t ij r o ki hi a s ia t. Ha v v v
ee s , a ee d n mpiil d t' e ne e o nu e r l s s alnl' r e .
l
'
Clr e No.1 01 0 a 6 Th saeh be sc u tc niue :ç la v y')cam o s l- e e s
ak ,
5 6 , t . e tt a a o r o tn d s - r e s li f efd fn e
gl
woul ha be uns c s ul e n i co ms ha l i a pr r f
d ve en
uc es f ve f t el d ad
ope ounda i f Ke l s
ton or ly'

t si n . I Ia rewi t eVignaSu e Co r' a ay i.Thesaesa j dc to o
e tmo y' d. g e t h r ii prme u ts n lss
'
h
tt ' du iain f
Cli 2 wa no c r r t ora t e o bl a i a i of Stikl nd,a wa no bas ' on
am
s t onta y o, n mr as na e pplc ton , rc a
nd s t ed
a unr as bl de e mi ton off t. Ha ve ha f ie t pr ve t tc m s lspe f r nce
n e ona e t r na i
acs
r y s a ld o o ha ot e ' r o ma
wa de e ort tt r i a r s bl pr biiy t t butf r c m s ls al ge e r r ,t
s fcint ha he e s ea ona e oba lt ha ,
o ot e ' le d r o s he
r s toft pr e di woul ha be n dif r . Thus I g a t moton t d s is a t
e ul
he oc e ng
d ve e fe ent
, r nt he
i o im s s o
( l r 2.
zain
C . Cl m 3
ai

l Cl i 3,Ha ve ar s t t c
n am
r y gue ha ouns l was i fe ve f < f ii t c ul wih or
e
ne f di o a lng o ons t t

o ti tea ssa c o ame ia e p r t c n etwh t e Gi e tsiju e wees x ce tt
ban h sitn e f dc l x e t o o ts eh r l r' n ti s r u in o
b
s
uppo tHa ve ' c iton f a a e m ai i uswoundi l
r r y s onv c i or ggr vatd lc o
ng.o
O n ha a r vi w ,t V igi a Supr m e Co tf und t tH a ve s cl i di nots ts y
be s e e he r ni
e
ur o
ha r y' a m d
aif

tepef r nc o t p eudc p o o Src ln
h roma e r he rj ie r ng f tik a d:
The r c d,i l ng t ti lt a c i ,de ons r e t tone bule gr e t e
e or nc udi he r a r ns rpt m tat s ha
l t az d hr e
t o Gibe ts lf f ,a a he bule we t o hi rghtf . Oibe t
oes n l r' e t oot nd not r lt nt hz ugh s i oot l r
1 The a a t maii wo ng sa e, Va Co ej 1 2 512 rq ie asv r ij r ta c u e
0
ggr vaed lcous undi tmt
. d 8.- . e urs e ee nuy h t a ss
ç n nenta sgni a physc i im e .'
ç na
pel
nd i sc nt
ial mpar nt'

had s ge y on hi lf f tt pl c pi i t ofhi t . Att tm e o til
ur r
s e t oo o a e ns n wo
s oes
he i f ra ,
whih wa f t n m o hs a trt s i Gibe tt si d he wasunab e t
c
s ouree
nt fe he hootng, l r e tfe
l o
be t t si whi h t pi we e i e td a t the e re d pan i t
nd he oe n
c he ns r ns re nd ha
xpe i nce i n he
t s f om tm e t tm e. G ibe tf rhe t s ii d t t he s m e i e ha pr e s
oe r
i o i
l r u t r e tf e ha
o tm s d obl m

wi b ln e wal ,a d r n ig a d ta h c u dn lng rj mp a hih a
t aa c , l
h
dng n u nn , n h t e o l o o e u s g s
he us d t Ac r ngl t r was a e e de e i c tng t t Gibe t
e o.
co di y, he e
mpl vi nc ndi a i ha
l r

s fee s fiin l g iv u ij re .. gl r e jfist p o fra y fvo a l
u fr d u fce ty re o s nu is . la v y al o r fe n a r be
e de e t tc
vi nc ha ouns lm i ha obt i by c uli wih am e c le r.
e ght ve aned
ons tng t
di a xpe t

1 a 6- Ia eewih t sa eha aséour' a yss Ha v y ha noti ntfe al vi a i
d. t 7. gr
t he tt be
ts nal i. r e s
de ii d ry olton
.

off r llw,norha heale d t tt sae c tunr s na y de e m i t f c s I t a
ede a a
s
l ge ha he tt our ea o bl t r ned he a t . nse d,

Ha e s c a e t tGibe te
rv y pe ult s ha l r xagge a e i hi t tmony.
r t d n s esi
Howe r not onl di t Co monwe t pr de s fc e pr
ve ,
y d he m
a1h ovi uf i nt oof of Gibe ts
l r'

pe ne a sgni a physc i ime ,bu Havey hasf l i pr fra fvor e
nua nt nd i ûc nt
ial mpar nt t r
aied o ofe ny a abl
e de t tc
vi nce ha ouns lm a ha obt ne t co r di tt t si ony a phot r phi e de e.
e y ve ai d o nta c he e tm
nd
og a c vi nc

Se Be ve v.Tho s n,9 F.d 1 8 (t Ci.1 9 )( l ig G l alg to o ia e u t
e a r
mp o 3 3 1 6 4 h r 9 6 hodn t' le ain f n d q ae
al
i ve tga i doe no wa r nt ha s r lef a e a pr fe of wha f vo a e e de
n si ton
s t ra
bea ei bs nt
ofr
t a r bl vi nce o
r

tsi n wo l ha e b e p o uc d);Nik ro 9 1 F.d a 1 3 ( a a peiin rmus
etmo y u d v e n r d e ' c es n, 7 2 t 1 6 h be s t o e
t
t
p o i ee i e c a dc l t eyo s c lto o s l-e vn sae ns .
r v d v d n e n amo r l n pe u ain r efsr ig ttme t)

Th rf r ,Th sae sa j d c to o Cli 3wa n tc n rr t ,O a u r a o be
eeo e e tt ' du iain f am
s O o tay O r n n e s na l
a i a i of Sti klnd,a wa notba e on a unr s na e de e nai off c s t 1
pplc ton , rc a
nd s
sd
n ea o bl t nni ton
a t , hus

gr t motont dim isast Cli 3.
ant he i o s s
o am
D . Cl m 4
ai
I Cl i 4,H a ve c a m s t tc
n am
r y l i ha ouns lw a i f c i f r f lng t i or a di c os
e s nef e tve o aii o nf m nd s l e

t hi r lva pr ec i e de e whi wo d ha a f de hi a f i a a uae
o m ee nt os uton vi nc
ch ul ve for d m
ar nd deq t
oppo t t t i e lg ty de i t a ce af vor bl pla de ofe e by t Comm onwe 1h.
runiy o nt li en l c de o c pt a a e e al f r d
he
at

Spe ii a l Ha ve cai st the woul ha a c pt d a pl a de t tlm ied hi s nt ncet
cfc ly, r y l m ha
d ve c e e
e al ha i t s e e o

s nt n yea s i ionm e i c
eve ee
r ' mprs
nt f ouns lha t l Ha v y t tCa
e d o d r e ha mpbel plnned t t siy f
l a
o e tf or
t pros i
he
ecuton.

On ha a r viw, t Vigi a Supr m e Cour f
be s e e he r ni
e
t ound t c am s ts id net r t
he l i a ife
ihe he

t e fnna c 'n rt t rj d c 'p o o Src lnd
s ro n e' o he G eu ie' r ng f tika :
p
p
The r or i l ng t afi vi of c m s l de o t a e t t be or t i l
ec d, nc udi he f da t
ot e , m ns r t s ha , f e r a ,

c t e a v s d g- l y ta o e o mo e o t e Co n at s win se
oms l d ie lawe ) h t n r r f h mmo we l
l
h' t e s s
wo dtsiyta E- r e )a mitd s o t Gi r a d W a hngo glr e )
ul e tf h t la v y d t h o i l t n
l
e
ng be
s i tn. la v y
f ist pr f rwhy lnowi Cnmpbe lwo d t tf a i thi ,a oppos d t
a l o ofe
c
ng
l ul esiy ga ns m s
e o
a he i vi ,wo d ha c us d hi t a e t pl aofer
not r ndi dual ul ve a e m o cc pt he e f .

Furhemor, a til g-ave tsiid he kne Cn
t r e t ra, l r yj e tfe
l
w mpbelwoul be
l
d
tsiyng a ans hm b c u e Ca b l t l ( r e )he wo l be d i s .
etf i g i t i e a s mp el od Hav y
ud
ong o
Ca el tsiid t a h a d glr e ) wee i a c rtd t g t e f r
mpb l e t e h t e n la v y
f
r nc r eae o eh y o
a o ma e y o m ont d i Fe ua y a M a c of 201
ppr xi t l he
h urng br r nd
rh
2. The pla
e

a r e n glr e r fr n e dd n te pieu tlAp i 2 ,2 2 a d glr e )
g e me t lav y) eee c s i o x r ni rl 5 01 , n la v y
f ist i c t t the di notl r ofCn
a l o ndi a e ha
d
ea n
mpbelspo e i t si ony i tme t
l' t ntal e tm
n i o
11

c n i e wh te t a c p t es be t lao fr
o sd r eh r o c e t h u j c p e fe .

H awe v.Cl r ,N o. 15
l y
a ke
0160,a 7. l ag e w ih t s a e ha s cour ' a l i . A t t i l
t
r e t he t t bea
ts na ys s
ra ,

Ha v y t sii d t tCa
r e e tfe ha mpbel i o m e Ha v y ofhi pln t t siy a i tH a ve i e ha
l nf r d r e
s a o e tf gans r y n xc nge
f Ca pbel r ce vi a m o e l ni nt s nt nc Si t t m e w e e s pa a e on M a c 6,
or m
l e i ng
r e e e e e. nce he wo n r e r t d
rh

201 Cn
2, mpbe l mus ha i or e Ha v of hi i e t t siy be or t pl de '
l
t ve nf m d r ey
s ntnt o e tf
f e he ea als
expia i on Aprl 25, 201 Co el a s i or
r ton
i
2.
uns lo nf med Ha v t t t Comm onwe lh had
r ey ha he
at
wines e t twoul t siy t tHa ve ad itd s tng Gibe ta W as ngt be o e t
t s s ha
d e tf ha r y m te hoo i
l r nd
hi on f r he

Ap i e iain. Th r f r,Hav y rj ce t pe d a k o ngt a Cn b l itn e t
rl xprto
ee o e r e ee td he la e l n wi h t mp el ne d d o
t tf agans hi ;he alo kne t tt Commonwe t po e i l ha a tona wines e
esiy i t m
s
w ha he
alh t ntaly d ddii l t s s
wih s m ia t tm ony.
t i l r es i

1 I Ha ve s sat habe peii , Ha ve i ude a lte ,s
' n r y' t e
as tton
r y ncl d etr uppos dl fom Ca
e y r
mpbel i whih
l, n
c
Campbelr ca shi t si
l e nt s e tmony asfle a sae t thela ne oft deaisofHavey' c i 9om papewo k
as nd ttd ha
e r d he t l
r s rme
r r

t a Hav yk p i tej ic l.Th saeh b a c u tak o e g dt e itnc o t lte, u dse ad d i
h t r e e t n h al el e tt a e s o r c n wld e he xse e fhe etr b t irg r e t
be us i wasir e ntt Ha e scam sofi f tveasit nc ofc el H a ve di no eve aleget he
ca e t
relva o rv y' li
nefeci ssa e ouns . r y d t r l hat

h d k o ta Ca belwo l p ru ehmsl,a d i ma sl t sn eta Hav y wo l pe d g ly atr
a n wn h t mp l ud ejr i ef n t ke il e s h t re ud la ui fe
te
t
lar ng tatCampbelwoul 1e a til Regadls ,Ha ve di noti udeormen i Kcampbels'lte i hi
e ni h
l
d i t ra.
r es r y d
ncl
ton s
l'' etr n s
f r lha aspeiin,
ede a be tto

Th r f r,t e saes a j d c to o Cli 4 wa n tc nrr t ,o a t e s n bl
ee o e h tt ' du iain f am
s o o tay o r n mra o a e
a ia i of Sti klnd,and wasnotba e on a t e ona e de e m i ton off c s t ,I
pplc ton , rc a
sd
n mr as bl t r na i
a t , hus
gr ntt m o i t di m i s a t Cl i 4.
a he ton o s s s o a m

Fo t f egoi r as , 1 g a Res
r he or ng e ons
r nt ponde ' m oton t dimi s a dimis t
nts
i o s s , nd s s he
pe ii f r a m i of ha s éor . Ba e upon my fndi t tHa ve has notm a t
tton o
t
bea
pus
sd
i ng ha r y
de he

rq st s b tn ils o ng o a d na o a c nsi to a rg ta r q rd b 2 U. C.j
e uiie u sa ta h wi f e il f o tt in l ih s e uie y 8 S.
u
2 5 () ac ri c t o a p aa l yi d n e .
2 3 c , e ti ae f p e lbit s e id
t
i

ENTER: i l nd yo Api, 2016.
Ths 5+ç a f rl

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.

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