Hubbard v. Ratledge

Filing 11

MEMORANDUM OPINION. Signed by Chief United States District Judge Glen E. Conrad on 2/7/2017. (tvt)

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r pRKsOF I I.. S .
a ' FCE JS DIT COUW
AT ROANOKE,
VA
FI
LED

FEB 2? 2 1
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I TH E UNI
N
TED STATES DI
STRI COURT
CT
FOR THE W ESTERN DI
STRI OF VI
CT
RGI A
NI
RO A N O K E DI SI N
VI O

CREADELL HUBBARD,
Peii r
ttone ,

v
.
CHARIESRATLEDGE, ARDEN,
,
W

Re po e t
s nd n .

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JUUA . '

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C RK

CASE NO.7:
16CV00188

M EM OM NDUM OPI ON
NI
By: GlnE.Conr
e
ad
ChifUnie S a e DititJ g
e t d t t s src ud e

Cr a el b a dttl b ad' afd rlimaep o e dngp o. , ie t i peiin f r
e d l Hu b r i u b r l, e e a n t r c e i r K fld h s t o o
l
t
a wrtofha a c pus purua t 28U. C.j2241 algi t thewasde e duepr e s
i
be s or , s nt o
S.
, le ng ha
nid
oc s
he ec d he our a s
dmi a prs dicplna y pr ee ng. Upo r vi w of t r or , t c t gr nt
ng
ion s i i r
oc di 1
n e e
rs
e ponde ' moton t dim is
nts i o s s .
1
.

On J ua y 28, 201 whie Hubba d wa i a ce a e a t Fe r l Core tonal
an r
3,
l
r
s nc r r t d t he de a
rci
t

I t in i Bu n r No t Caoi a (
nsi o n t e, rh r ln E Bu n r1',o fcasplc d hm i a mi srtv
mt
TCI t e 1' fiil a e i n d nitaie
)
s gr to pe ng a i tga i a t rhew a i l d i a i i ntwih a heri t
e egai n, ndi n nvesi ton, fe
s nvo ve n n ncde
t not nma e.
Afe ne ry t n m o hs on Oc o r9,201 Hubba d r eve I i ntRe tN o.2502030,
tr a l e
nt ,
t be
3,
r ec i d nc de
por

c agng hm wi voaig t e Fe ea Bu e u o Prs n (%OP' p o i ie a t c d ,
h r i i t ilt h d r l r a f io s : ' r h btd cs o e
h
n
)

scins 1 4 ( o s sin o awe p n a d 2 4 ( n ra s uto a y p ro )2 Th icd n
e to 0 p se so f
a o ) n 2 mio sa l f n e s n . e n i e t
r po tde c i d t f l ng e nt :
e r s rbe he olowi ve s

1 Hubba d na t war n ofUSP Le Co y, wher t c le
r mes he de
e unt
e he halnged dici i r he i oc ure as
s plna y arng c r d,

i

terso de t ohsj2 41p tto Be a s USPLe Co ny i lc td wi i tej rs cino t sc u tse
h ep n n t i 2 eiin. c u e
e u t s o ae t n h u idito f hi o r, e
h
22U. C. 1 7 t peio iprp ryb fr tec ut
S. j 2 09,he tin s o el eo e h o l
t
2 On t t s m e da , BOP ofi i s as s nta ci na r f ra f pr ec in t t Unie Stt
ha a
y
tcal lo e
rmi l e er l or os uto o he t d aes

At r e sOfkefrteEatm Ditito Not Caoia A ga j r rtr e a idcme to De e r3
t n y' t o h se src f rh rln . rnd uy eun d n n it n n c mbe ,
o
201 ,c agngHu b r wi p seso o awe p n i p io ,i vilto ofl U. C.j1 91a() Hu bm'
3 h ri b ad t o ssin f a o n rs n n oain 8 S. 7 ()1. b d
h
pl dguit t t sofe ei Aprl201 andwass nt edt at r o 18mont i prs
eade ly o hi fns n i 4,
e enc o em f
hs n ion.

On Oco e 9 2 3,...a S S i v siain c n ld d ta imae ( b ad
t b r , 01
n I n e tg t o cu e h t n t Hu b r j
o
ddi fd Po s s aW e p na dAs a timaeg e b srkngh m rpe tdy
i n a se s
a o n sul n t Do ) y tii i e ae l
wi a1 % ic pp ( a o )het o o to i i erc e to a 73 n . Th
t 3 n h ie we p n
h
o k u f nsd e rain t :3 m 3 e
pi ha al k a tc d t one e
pe d oc ta he o
nd.

S ct l En i ttto lvie r c r e lo J n ay 28 2 3 ...imae
pe i l i nsi ina d o e o d d n a u r , 01
ka y,
u
n t
Hubba d ca be s e exii t Physc The a r m ....As he t r a y
r n
e n tng he
i al r py oo
' ns wa
u
fom t c m e at whiepi c n be s n i hi l f fontpoc t ...
r he a r he t pe a
ee n s e t r
ke .

On J n ay28 201 , ta p o maey 1 45n a se o . . i e ,( b ad
a u r , 3 a p r xi t l 0: m, s e n n . v d o Hu b r j
i o s r e i Ho sngUntOD wakigo t fc l 1 . . t t ewe po ( ie
s b evd n u i
i
l n u o el 8 . wi h a n pp )
h
i hi rg th n a h e tr gel1 1 At 1 :7 n ( b ad a d ( e ae
n s ih a d s e n es c l 9 .
04 m, Hu b r ) n Do l r
obs r e e tng t c l ha ng o t e h ot ra t y m ove t t ce e o
e v d xii he e l ngi n o ac he s he
o he ntr f

te c mmo ae . gl b a d c n b s e srk n ( e i t h a wih te
h o n ra lu b r j a e e n tii g Do q n he e d t h
we p n (i e i h srg t a a la t wie ( e c nt nb se g igt t e
a o p p ) n i i h h nd t e s t c . Do ) a he e e n on o h
fo ro hi b c a dpuln Hu bad o tp o hm. At1 48n ( e tk s
lo n s a k n lig b r n o f i
0: m Do j a e
tewe p n( i )a y fo ( b ad .E e c nb s e s n igt ewe p n
h a o ppe wa r m Hu b r q Do l a e e n wi gn h a o
( ie a g- b ad t b c li u Hu b r t e wak a y lndDo )tke
pp ) t lu b r ) o a k l p. b a d h n l s wa a
l
m
e a s
t we p n( i )t t UniOfie.
he a o ppe o he t fc r
Dt ig a itr iw c nd td wi ( b ad t td y ,h a mitd ta hewa
l n n n e ve o uce t Hu b r ha a l e d te h t
r
h
s
i po s sin o t e we p n ( ie . As a r s to ti atrain gl b ad
n se so f h a o pp )
eul f h s lec to lu b r j
s f r d a s als ri i la a i t hi lf i x fnge .
ufe e m l upe fc a br son o s e t nde i r

Asars l o ti a sul E e s fe e t 2 3 lc rto o lf sd o
e ut f h s sa t Do ) u fr d wo - mm a e ains n e t i e f
,
hea
d.

( a Af. tc A, t2 ECFNo 52.
W hl f Ata h. a ,
.- )
A p io d s i i he rngo fc r(< ' c nd tdHu b r sfrtf r l ai
rs n icpl
nmy ai fie :
DHO' o uce b ad' is o ma he rng
)
on t s c r s o De e be 1 201 Hubba d al ge t tdurng t he ng,he a ked t
he e ha ge n c m r 2, 3.
r le s ha
i he ri
s
o
know a1t e de e beng us d agans hi ,bu t DHO de e t sr
l he vi nc i
e
i t m
t he
nid hi eques. Hu r t n
t
bba d he

3 Unde BOP r gu1tons t t of dicplnar he rng Hubba d c le
r
e ai , he ype
si i y ai
r halnges i a ltr se i t
s ae tp n he
dici i r pr es . See ae 28 C. R.Pa t541 W he BOP saf hasa r as bl bei t ta i t ha
s plnay oc s
n.
F.
r
.
n
tf
e ona e lef ha n nmae s
vi ae a s ci oft pr hi td a t code t y prpae an i i ntr rt desrbi t i i nt a t
oltd e ton
he o bie c s
, he e r
ncde epo , c i ng he ncde nd he
pr hi td a t t i t i c r d wih commitng. Thei t r cevesaco oft i de rpor a ma
o bie cs he nmae s ha ge t
ti
nmae e i
py he nci nt e t nd y
ma a satme ore r s hi rghtt r man slnt Afe a tona i tgai auni dici i c
ke t e nt xecie s i o e i ie . tr ddii l nvesi ton,
t s plne ommit
tee

(I
I
UDC)wilrve t i ie trpot i ldng a y sae n o d c metr e d n ete imaec o s st
l e iw he ncd n e r,ncu i n ttme t r o u nay vie c h n t h o e o
pr s nton hi own be l. TheUDC ma dimiso r ol t ma tr o r e i t t dici i hea i ofier
ee
s
haf
y s s r es ve he te , r efr t o he s plne rng fc

CDHO' frfrh rp o e dn s Th DHO c n u t afr ldsil ayh aig fn steimaeg iyo n t
' o ute r c e ig . e
)
o d cs o ma icpi r e rn , id h n t ul r o
n
t
guit ba e on a1 t e de ,i e s tons and make a m itn r or oft r as f r hi fndi ,
ly s d
l he vi nce mpos s anci ,
s
te ec d he e ons o s i ngs
whihi pr de t t i t
c s ovi d o he nmae.

alege y e r ie hi rghtt r m an sl nt The DHO r e t tHubba d ha c mitd t
l dl xe c s d s i o e i ie .
uld ha
r d om te he
pr bied acsasc r and i pos d s nc i : f rt 10 ofe e dial nc of41good
ohi t
t
ha ged
m e a tons o he 4 f ns , s lowa e

cond tda ;f t 224 ofe e,dialowa e of27 good c
uc ys or he
f ns s l nc
onduc da ;a f e c o f e
t ys nd or a h fens ,
30 da ofdici i r s gr aton a l so c
ys
s plna y e eg i nd os f omm is r prvie sf sx m o hs
s a y i l ge or i nt .

Hubba d a
r ppeaed t DHO' fndi ,and i M a 201 t BOP r gi na die or
l he
s i ngs
n
y
4, he
e o l r ct
gr n e t a
a t d he ppea i pa t e
l n r, xpunge t dicplna y con c i a r m a
d he s i i r
viton, nd e nded t i i nt
he ncde
hi i
r por f ra r he rng. By t stm e, Hubba d ha be n ta f red t USP Le On Se e be
e t o e ai 4
r d e r ns e r o
e.
pt m r
18,201 a ofi e s r d hi wih a c o I i ntRe tNo.25
4, n fc r e ve m t opy f nc de
por
02030 f pur esoft
or pos
he
r he rng. The DHO r por of t r he rng i c t d t ton Se e r 18,201 Hubba d
e ai
e t he e a i ndi a e ha
pt mbe
4,
r
sgne a f m wa vi 24i d or
i ng hourno i oft hea i t toc un'd l trt ts m eda The f m
tce he rng ha c e ae ha n
y.
or
as 'ndi a e t tHubba d di notr que tan a s orwines esf t he rng.
lo i c t d ha
r d
e s
dvior
t s or he a i
The DHO r por sa e t t a t he rng,Hubba d i c t agan t t he di no
e t t t d ha t he a i
r ndi aed
i ha
d t
r ue t a saf r pr s nttve or a wine s s a di not pr s nt a doc e a i a
eq s
t f e e e ai
ny t s e nd d
e e ny
um ntton s
evi nce Hubbar aleg y a ke t DHO t t l hi t r as t tt r gi na die t
de .
d l edl s d he
o el m he e ons ha he e o l r c or
gz ntd a r he rng on t t cha ges a t DHO saed t ta or ng t polc Hubba d
a e
e ai
he wo r , nd he
t t ha cc di o i y,
r

coul notknow t r as ns Ac or ng t t r por t DHO r ad t des rpto ofeve s
d
he e o . c di o he e q he
e he c i i n
nt
9o t i de r por a a ke Hubba d i t r por wa tue. The DHO not t tHubba d
m he nci nt e t nd s d
r f he e t s r
ed ha
r

s i,G e , i, a di dc tdt a heç a h sr a o s' ( a Af. tB, t7 ECFNo. - )
ad G s sr' n n iae h t G d i e s n . W hl f At. a ,
Y'
'
h
'
52.
The DHO f
ound t tHubba d ha c mit t ac as c r d. I t m itn r por,
ha
r d om ted he t ha ge n he te e t
t D H O s a e t t he bas t s g ly fndi on t e de
he
t t d ha
ed hi uit i ng
he vi nce i t i de r por a
n he nci nt e t nd

Hubba d' a s i t t he ha c mit t pr bie a t . The DHO alo not d t t
r s dmison ha
d om ted he ohi td c s
s
e ha
Hubba d ha pr e e no e de et s w t thehad notco m itd t a t c r d,a t t
r d es nt d
vi nc o ho ha
m te he c s ha ge nd ha
4 Hubba d sae i hi peii t tt i de r por wase nge . Hi own s s ins ho ve ,
r tts n s tton ha he nci nt e t
xpu d
s
ubmiso , we r
i c t t onl t dicplnay c ci we e e
ndiae hat y he s i i r onvitons r xpunged,and t i den r po wasrma d f rr a i
he nci t e rt
e nde o ehe rng,

a sae ( eP t, t2 , No 1)
s ttd. Se e a 7 ECF . .
3

t DHO f md no s h e denc i t r or The ef r ,t DHO r por saed,lhe DHO
he
ot
uc vi e n he ec d.
r o e he
e t tt G
t
fndsyo vi aed Code 1 Pos e so ofaDa r W e pon,a c 224,M i As a t'
i
u ol t
04, s s i n
nge ous a
nd ode
nor s ul.
'

(d a 8) As p n ly f r t o fns s t DHO u hed t sn to s i o e atr t
I. t .
e at o he fe e , he
p l he a cin mp s d fe he
Dec mbe 201 he i a not d t tHubba d had ar a s r e aloft m . TheDHO r por
e r 3 arng nd e ha
r
le dy e v d l he
e t
a s sa e r as f t s to : t hol Hubba d a co a ef hi pos e so a us ofa
lo t t s e ons or he anci ns o d
r c unt bl or s s s i n nd e
wea t as a ta he pe s be us s h co
pon o s ul not r r on, ca e uc nduc G hr a e t he t s f t a we f r
t l e t ns he alh, a e y, nd la e
t
of not onl t i ae i ve but a l ot r i t s a sa f a i
y he nm t nvol d,
l he nma e nd tf lke. I t pas, t s
n he
t hi

a to /e vo ha b e s wnt r s l i mo es ro ij re . (d. t9) Th r p r frh r
cin b ha ir s e n ho o e ut n r eius nu is' I a . e e o t u te
'
sa e t t t s nctons i
t t s ha he a i
mpos d we e s l c e as r quie l r t a i a e pe t
e
r ee td
e r d mde he pplc bl naly
gui lnes buta s a a i e a e a l t r de e r nt fo f ur r e i r to a
de i ,
lo s n mm dit nd ong-e m t re r m ut e ul nfaci ns nd
mico uc .
s nd t
W he Hubba d r c ved a c py oft DHO r por f t r he ng,heno i e t tt
n
r e ei
o
he
e t or he e mi
tc d ha he
trt s c i of t f m sa e t t he was c r e w ih a vi ai n of c
i s e ton
he or t t d ha
ha g d t
ol to
ode s ton 1
eci
04

t o s sin o a s ap n d we p n gnd Mi o a s ut' (I.a 6) Hub r alg dy
: se so f h r e e
a o a q n r sa l.s Ja t .
' J
p
bad l e l
e
-

i onned t DHO t tt i i ntr por a i ta DHO he rng ha noti ve a s h
nf
he
ha he nc de e t nd nii l
ai
d
nvol d ny uc

c r a ns hi He as alge y rquese t wine s (not r i t and a saf
hage gai t m.
lo le dl e td wo t ses a he nmae
tf
me r t s t the di no ha aprs n knie ors nk durng t J nuay i i ntf
mbe) o how ha
d t ve io f
hn
i he a r ncde or
whi h he wa c r d. The DHO a l edl sae t tt s wines e had a r a s itd
c
s ha ge
leg y t td ha he e t s s
le dy ubm te
wrte sa e nt durng t iltalhe rng. Hubba d t n e r iedli rghtt r m an sl nt
itn t t me s i he rii a i
r he xe c s ls i o e i ie .
Hubba d a a e t DH O ' fndi
r ppe l d he
s i ngs t ough a l r uie l ve s of t B OP
hr
1 eq r d e l
he

a mi itaierme isp o e t e a t n fldt i j2 41p tto . I t ep tto , b ad
d nsrtv e de r c dl s nd he ie hs 2 ei n n h ei n Hu b r
r
i
i
5 Hu r er ne l saesi hi petton t tt r gi diecorex mge t i i ntrpo a t t
bba d ro ousy tt n s ii ha he e onal r t pt d he ncde e rt nd ha
Hubba d r ei anew i i ntr por a t r a i t tmisaedt na eoft wea c ge unde c
r ec ved
ncde e t t he ehe rng ha s tt he mr
he pon har
r ode
1 The defndan s e de e tbls s howe ,t tbot he rngsconc r t s
04.
e t ' vi nce sa ihe ,
ver ha h a i
e ned he ame i de r por,No.
nci nt e t
2502030,ml t tt t
d ha he ypogr phiale r t whih Hu r r e sa
a c ror o
c
bba d efr ppem'd o t DH O r por,nott i de
e n he
e t
he nci nt
r t Thecom'noest tt hea ng oft sDHO r po'as misae t dae o t i i ntr po ta Ocobe
epor.
t t ha he di
hi
e l lo s tts he t f he ncde e r s t r
t
9,201 a t daeoft i de is l a Ja r 28,201 whe t edaess dbot be2013.
4, nd he t he nci nt tef s nua y
4, n hes t houl h

4

a lgest the di notr c ve alco tmtonaly r quied due pr es pr t c i dudng t s
le
ha
d
e ei 1 nsi i l e r
oc s o e tons
hi

rh aig b c u e ( )t eDHO fie t gv hm p o rn tc o t ec ag sa an thm ; 2
e e rn e a s : 1 h
ald o ie i r pe o ie f h h r e g i s i ( )
teDHO d ne h m te rg tt c l wi e s so p e e td cl n ain; ( )n o et l lm
h
e id i h ih o al t se r rs n o l tto 6 3 o n od l
n
me
i
why t Re in lDie tro d r d arhe rn ;a d ()t DHO er d i c mbnng t t
he go a r co r ee e ai g n 4 he
re n o ii he wo
vi a i t tkea t t lof68 da good co uc tm e.7 AsrlelHubbad seksri ttme
oltons o a
oa
ys
nd t i
eil
r e ensae nt
ofhi l tgoodtm e
s os
i .
Res
ponden has fl a m oto t d s is The co tnotfe Hubba d ofr ponde '
t
ied
i n o im s .
ur ii d
r
es
nts

moi a rquie byRosbor v.Ga s n,528F. 309( h Ci.1 ,a wane hi t t
ton s e rd
e o
ni o
2d
4t r 975) nd r d m ha

j d me tmih beg a td f rr s o d n i h dd n trpl t t moin b fl c u tr
u g n g t rn e o e p n e t f e i o e y o he to y ii o n eng
afi vis o ot r r l va doc nt c ta c i r s nde ' e de e. Hubba d neve
fda t r he e e nt ume s on r di tng e po nts vi nc
r
r
r ponde Howe r t tm e a l td f rhi r s
es
d.
ve , he i lote o s e pons ha e r d,m a ng t m a trrpe f
e s xpie
ki he te i or
t c tsc i ai
he our' onsder ton.
1.
I

ç ion dicplna y pr e i ar not pa tof a c i na pr e uton,a t f 1
l s
pr
s i i r oc edngs e
r
rmi l os c i
nd he u1
pano y ofrght due a de e nti s h pr edi doe nota y.' W olfv.M c
pl
i s
f nda n uc oce ngs s
ppl '
f
Donne l
l,

41 U. 5 9 5 6 (9 4 . I p io d si l a y h a ig wh r t e p oc e i g p tn ily
8 S. 3 , 5 1 7 ) n rs n icpi r e rn s ee h r e d n s o e tal
n
i ov t els o g o t ce is t erg t a f r e imae ael tdt tef lo ng ( )
nv le h o s f o d i rdt,h ih s fo d d n ts r i e o h olwi : 1
me
mi
wrte n tc o t c r e vo ai n a la t2 ho r b f r t ehe rn ;( )d s ls r o
itn oie f he hag d ilto s t e s 4 u s e o e h a ig 2 ico u e f
e ie c a an tt prs n r ()t erg tt c l wi se a p e e td c me tr e ie e
vd n e g is he io e ; 3 h i h o al t s s nd r s n o u n ay vd nc
ne
u ls u ul h z r o st isi ina s ft o c re to lg as ( )ane ta a d d tc e
n e s nd y a ad u o n t o l aey r or cina o l; 4
mt
ur l n ea h d

6 Hu b r c ne d ta h t sd nidt rg tt d fn (i et a ans te ec ag sbea s Iwa
b ad o tn s h t e t e e he ih o ee d hms l g i t h s h re c u e s
wa
l
ne e c age wi po ssino ' p io knf o s n .( tMe Su p.a 1 , No 1)
v r h r d t se so f a rs n ie r ha k Pe. m. p , t 2 ECF . .
h
1 Hubba d co e d i hi a nitatve a l t tonl 54 da ofgood c
r ntnde n s dmi sr i ppeas ha y
ys
onduc tmec d bet n
t i oul
ake
a onetm e
t
i .

5

fcfn e ; nd( )awrte sae n b tefc fnd ro t e d n erle o a dr a o sfr
a tid r a 5
itn ttme t y h a t i e f he vie c eid n n e s n o
dicplnmy g ton.J-a 559si i
ci #. t 566.
W he a i ae brngs aha aspe ii t c le t s sc e y oft e de e t
n n nm t i
be
tton o hal nge he uf i nc
he vi nc o
s
uppor hi dicplna y co c i t r quie e s o duepr e sa e me whe ç he fndi
t s s i i r nvi ton, he e r m nt f
oc s r
t n G
t
ngs
oft prs dici i r boa d ar s
he ion s plna y r e uppore by s
td
ome e de e i t r co d.' Supe i e nt
vi nc n he e r '
rnt nde .

M a s Cor l t v Hi , 2 U. 4 , 4 ( 9 5 .E efnd me tlfine sg a a t e b te
s . r.ns. . l 47 S. 45 45 1 8 ) ' u n n a ar s u r ne d y h
l
Th
Due Pr s Cl us doesno r uie cours t s tasde decsons ofprs p a i sr t st t
oce s a e
t eq r
t o e i
ii
io dm nita or ha

ha s bassi f t' L a 456.
ve ome i n ac. 4. t
'
The r ponde a g s t t t e de e i t r c d e t bls s t t t pr dur l
es
nt r ue ha he vi nc n he e or sa ihe ha he oce a

def c s t tHubba d alege di notde i hi of a c tmto ly m a t d pr e al
e t ha
r l s d
prve m
ny onsi i nal
nda e oc dur
pr e ton t rW olfa Hil The c t r es
ot c i mde
f nd l.
our ag e .
Fis,t i de r por i ta l s r d on Hubba d i Ocobe 201 pr de hi notc
rt he nci nt e t niily e ve
r n t r 3 ovi d m
ie
oft c r esa i thi . Thi notc oc un'd mor t n aye rbe or t r he rng. I aone
he ha z gans m
s ie c e
e ha
a f e he e a i
t l
co
mporqd wih t no i r uie e r c z d i W olf a t prm a y f nci n of tzs
t
t he tce eq r m nt e ogni e n
f , s he i r u to
li
notc E st gi t c ge pa t a c nc t m a s t f t i hi de e e a t ca iy
ie G o ve he har d ry ha e o rhal he ac s n s f ns nd o lrf
i
wha t c r s a e i f t' 418 U. a 563. Hubba d r c ve notc of t c r s a
t he ha ge r , n ac .
'
S. t
r e ei d i e
he ha ge
s co tme on Se e r 1 201 whe he wa s r e wih a co oft o i nali i n
e nd i
pt mbe 8, 4, n
s evd t
py
he rgi nc de t
r po tf t r he rng. Att ttm e he a s sgne a f m wavi t 24- ur pr he rng
e r or he e a i
ha i ,
lo i d or
i ng he ho
e ai
notc r quiedt rBOP polc
ie e r mde
iy.
H ubba d no co e t t t t
r w nt nds ha he ypogr phi ale r r o t D H O r por de i d hi of
a c r o n he
e t prve m

pr r notc oft c r a t a lt t pr e a de ens bec us i mi sae t 1
ope
ie
he ha ges nd he biiy o es nt
f e, a e t s t td he 04
cha ge as i vi a s r ne we pon. Thi a s ri has no m e i. The e de e i t
r
nvol ng hape d a
s s e ton
rt
vi nc n he
r c d i c t st tt DHO s> e t DHO r ton Ocobe 30,201 mor t n a mont
e or ndi a e ha he
i d he
epor
t r
4, e ha
h

6

a trHubba d' r he rng,a an of rde i r d t r por t Hubba d on Dec mbe 21 201
fe
r s e a i nd
fce lve e he e t o
r
e r , 4.

Hubba d doe not diput t a he i iy of t s docl e s o ofe a e de e t t he
r
s
s e he ut ntct
he e lm nt r f r ny vi nc ha
r c ve a c oft DHO r por wih ist r phi le r ra a tm ebe or t hea
e ei d opy he
e t t t ypog a ca r o t ny i
f e he dng.
I a e nt e n i t m isae e of t 1 c ge s how r a he Hubba d
n ny ve , ve f he s tt m nt he 04 har ome
ec d
r

b f r t he ng h h sn ts wn a r s lig p eu ie Hu b r r c ie ac p o t e
eo e he ri , e a o ho ny e utn rj dc . b ad e ev d o y f h
i de r por mor t n a m ont bef e t r he rng,a i a t r s oft DHO r por
nci nt e t e ha
h or he e a i
nd t nd he e t he
e t

cla l r f r e t t we po a a pi The DHO di notnot a e de e orfndi t t
e ry e e r d o he a n s
pe.
d
e ny vi nc
i ng ha
Hubba d' we pon on J nua y 28 201 was a s p e d i tume . M os i
r s a
a r
,
3,
ha ne nsr nt
t mpora l
tnty,
Hubba d f is t s
r a l o how t tt al ge c nfz i ove t na u e oft 1 c r r s t d i
ha he le d o tson r he t r
he 04 ha ge e ule n

a y p eu iet Msa ii t d fndli ef S eBlt v. oms n, .7:6 0 4 ,2 0
n rj dc o
blt o e e l l. e omt J l o No 0 CV0 5 5 0 7
y
ms
W L 1 2 9 3 a * ( . Va Ap . 4 2 0 )( o dn t a cam o d p iain o d p o e s
2 5 9 , t 3 W D. . r 2 , 0 7 h l ig h t li f e rv to f ue r c s
ba e on a alege f l e t pr de a qua e wrte notc oft ofe e r quies s
sd
n l d aiur o ovi de t itn i e he f ns e r howi
ng

ta ted fc p eu ie p tto e ' d fns )(iigHal r v. oms n,1 8F.d 1 7 ,1 0
h t h ee t rj dc d eiin rs ee e ctn l k J l o 1 3 0 3 08
ma
(t Ci.1 9 ) Grfi- y v.Bo ro ,9 8 F.d 45 ,45 (t Ci.1 9 ) Whie v U.
5h r 9 7 ; ifn Be
wes x 7 2 5 6 8h r 9 2 ; t . S.

PaoeCo n, 5 F.d5 , ( t Ci.1 8 ).
r l mm' 8 6 2 9 61 9h r 9 8 )
Sec
ond,Hubba d wasnotde i oft rghtt c lwine s sorpr s nte de e. The
r
prved he i o al t s e
e e vi nc
DHO r por i c t d t tHu r wast ce gi n t opport t t s e wines sa e nt ,
e t ndi a e ha bba d
wi ve he
tmiy o e k t s t t me s
but c e not t do s a t t he c e no t pr s nt a doc nt ton a t he dng.
hos
o
o, nd ha
hos t o e e ny
ume a i t he a
Hubba d now a lges t t he as d t pr e wine s t s y t t he di no pos e s a
r
le
ha
ke o es nt t s es o a ha
d t ss
s r ned i t m ent Suc t s i ony w a no m a e i l t hi de e e be us t i de
ha pe
ns nz
.
h e tm
s t t r a o s f ns , ca e he nci nt

r por de c i t we po r peaedl as a pi no a knie or s nk. M or ove ,Hubba d'
e t s rbed he a n e t y
pe, t
f
ha
e r
r s
al ga i i c e t t t DHO ar a ha sa e nt fom t de ie wines es a
le tons ndiat ha he
le dy d t t me s r
he sr d t s , nd
Hubba d hi s l ha t opporu t t make as ae e a
r m ef d he
t niy o
tt m nt boutt na ur ofhi we pon. Eve
he t e
s a
n

now,Hubba d doesno s i a docl e ai t thewihe t s
r
t ubm t ny lm nt ton ha
s d o ubmi a t DHO he rng.
t t he
ai
M os i
t mpora l Hubba d was not c c e ofpos es i of o a s ul wih,a s r ne
tnty,
r
onvit d
s son , r s a t t
ha pe d

i t n .Ba e o t ef rg i ,h c u t a n tfndt a h h ss o a p eu iet hi
nsmme t s d n h o e ong te o r c n o i h t e a h wn ny rj dc o s
defns fom t a lged de i ton oft rghtt pr e wine s sa doc e ai n.
e e r he le
prva i
he i o es nt t s e nd um nt to
l li tlr a f t cl ms Hu r co pl nst thene rl r d t r a o f t
n ls lid nd ourh ai , bba d m ai ha
ve ea ne he e s n or he

rherng a ta te DHO p n lz d lm wi a ls o moe g o c nd ttme t n
e ai , V h t h
e aie l t o s f r o d o uc i ha
i h
applca e gudelnesal
i bl i i
lowed. Unde W olf a i t ha no co tt i l pr t c e rghtt
r
f, n nma e s
nsiutonaly o e t d i o
an a alfom adi cplna y fndi ort a pa tc a r nge ofpunihm e . Thus t de ecs
ppe r
s i i r i ng o ny ri ulr a
s nt
, he f t

alg d i Cli ( )a d ( )d n talg a y d p i ai n o c n tminal pr tce rg t .
l e n ams 3 n 4 o o le e n e rv to f o si o ly oe td ihs
e
t
SeeW ila v.O' in,No.7: v00424,2008 W L 29431 at* n. ( . Va.J y 30,
lims
Bre
08c
46, 2 4 W D.
ul

20 8 (G te e tn p tto e a srst a t eBOP' fiu et a ie b iso r g lto s
0 ) ç h x e t ei n r se t h t h
To
i
s alr o bd y t wn e uain
v ssi hm a c n ttto a cam, h cam fis' (iig Uni d S ae v.Ca ee , 40U..
e t n i o siuin l li t e li al.) ctn
'
t tts
e
crs 4
S
7 ,7 -2 ( 9 8 Cti lto o a e c r g lto d e n trie c n t ui n lq e to '
41 515 1 7 ) v oain f g n y e u ain o s o as o si to a u sin.)
t
'
( t rctto so te )
ohe iain mitd .
Fi ly,t r c d i ca e t tHubba d di r cevet pr e a pr e tonst whih
nal he e or ndi t s ha
r d e i he oc dur l ot c i o c
t Co tt ton e ild hi . He r e ve adva e notc of t c r s on t occ sons
he nsiu i ntte m
ec i d
nc
ie
he ha ge
wo
ai
bef e t r he rng a a c nc t pr e e de e. He r eve a wrte sa e ntoft
or he e a i nd ha e o es nt vi nc
ec i d
itn tt me
he
evi nce a i thi on t i i ntr por,a agan,o t DHO r por. The DHO r t
de
gans m
he nc de e t nd i n he
e t
epor
saed t e de o whi h t DHO r le i fndi Hubba d g ly o t cha ge co uc
t t he vi nce n
c he
ei d n i ng
r uit f he r d nd t
a s a e t r as f t pe te i pos d. The r c d i l s no e denc t tt D H O
nd t t d he e ons or he nali s m
e
e or nc ude
vi e ha he

was not a i pa ta ac fnde , a t g ly fndi was ba ed on s e f t, wih no
n m rilf t i r nd he uit i ng
s
om ac s t
c r c o y f c spr e e
ontadi t r a t es nt d.

8

11
1.

Fo t r a o sa e t c tfndsfom t e de et tHubba d' duepr es
r he e s ns tt d, he our i
r he vi nc ha
r s
oc s

c am sr r nghi dici i r pr ee ng a e wihoutm e i.A c or ng y, he c t l
l i éga di s s plna y oc di s r t
rt c di l t our wil
gr ntt r ponde tsmotont dim is An a oprae o de w ilis t sda
a he es
n'
i o s s.
ppr it r r l s ue hi y.
TheClr i die t d t s nd c pi oft sm e or ndum opi on a ac ompa ng
e k s r c e o e o es hi m a
ni nd c
nyi
or rt peii ne a t c ms ofr co d f rt r po nt
de o tto r nd o ot el e r o he es nde .

ENTER:Thi Q
s

da ofFe u r , 2017.
y
br ay

Chi fUni St t Diti tJ
e
t
aes src udge

9