Muhammad v. Smith et al

Filing 45

MEMORANDUM OPINION. Signed by District Judge Glen E. Conrad on 8/8/2017. (tvt)

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I THE UM TED STATES DI
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C A SE N O .7:
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Pl ntf ,
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M EM O R AND U M O PI I N
N O

HAPPY EARL SM I c AL.
TH,
,

By: H on.Gl n E.Conr
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ad
U ni e St e Di t i tJudge
t d at s s r c

D e endant .
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rg sacin ptrua t 42 U. C.j1983. Li rly c t i Muha d' c ant he
iht to ts nt o
S.
beal onsnzng
mma s ompli ,

a s rsf u mi on d camsi hi c mp an ,algngt a:( )rca e a n to spef r d
se t o r s ie li n s o lit le i h t 1 e tl x miain ro me
j
o h m c n tt td s x a a s ut ( )li p a e n o s iiewac wa rtlao y ()c ran
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s
ca sfc to d cso we ema ewih u d e p o e s a ( d na o t e d r e ta ia l
lsiiain e iins r d t o t u r c s, nd 4) e il f h ak s valb e
tnton li e gl s sw a dei r t i f e e e,al i vi a i ofli c tmtonalrght .
i
ls ye as e s lbe a e ndif r nc 1 n olton ls onsi i
i s

M u mma i i re aed a Re Onin Stt Prs (1 d Onin',a hi, s c iy
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o
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S
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(thenon- dia defnda s).Healo s Dr Ha EalSmih a Dr Cha lsOwe ,a
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ns
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rlelM u a d se smo eayd ma e a d d caao ya dijmci er l frfni hi t
eit h mma e k n tr a g s n e lrt r n n t tv ei ee ng m o
e
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toe er ogit nd de i
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or lmm r

j d me t Mtmmma h srs o d d t te mo in a d h sas fld amoin f rs mmay
u g n. t
l
d a e p n e o h to s n a lo ie
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1
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a ar
vi w

A m oto t d s ist t t lga s fce ofa co pl nt Se ,e. ,Be lA t .Cop .
i n o im s ess he e l ufi incy
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v Two y 5 3 U. 5 4 5 3 6 ( 0 ) çT) e c mplitmus b d s se i i do sn t
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r nd iain ted . n nd tng
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a c p a t e t ra td ifr n e ,u ra o a l c ncuso ,o ag me t. I (n en l
c e t s nz mwarn e n e e c s n e s n be o l ins r r u n s' d. itr a
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quoai maksa ctton o ted . tgée lconcusons eeme sofac eofacin,a
tton r nd iai mit ) tl ga
l i , l nt
aus
to nd
1 ec u t e o syd ne Mt mma sr q et a moin frp ei n r ij n tv rle.
Th o rprviu l e id l
ha d' e u ss nd to s o rl ay nu cie eif
mi
2

ba eas e to de d off rherf c u le nc m e f i t c tt e wel- e f t'ho ve ,
r s ri ns voi
u t a t a nha e nt al o onsim
lpld ac s' we r
a t ,ne d no be t ke a t e. Ne e Che olt Lt V.Co um e afaisc .I ,591
nd hus e t a n s nl
m t vr e. d.
ns r f r .om nc.

F.d2 0 2 5( t Ci. 0 9 .
3 5 , 5 4h r 2 0 )
An a r o s mmay j g n i a p o rae Ift mo a ts ws ta te e i n
wad f u r ud me t s p r p it l he v n ho h t h r s o
i
g n n ds u ea t a y maeilfc a d t e mo a ti e tte t j d me ta a matro
e uie ip t s o n tra a t n h v n s n ild o u g n s
te f
lw. Fe R.Ci P.56() Fora pa t s e de e t r s a ge ne is ofmaei fct
a ' d.
'
v.
a.
ry' vi nc o aie nui sue
tral a

s o ce tt a od sl r j g n ,i mu tb t u h ta ar a o a l j r c u d rtun a
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mma y ud me t t s e t c h t e s n b e u y o l et'
s
v r itf rt en n mo n pat ' An e s n v. be t Lo b .I c,4 7U. 2 2 2 ( 9 6 .
e dc o h o - vig ry. d ro Li ry b y n . 7 S. 4 , 48 1 8 )
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I mn ng t s dee mi to Ghe c u' i r quie t viw t f t a dr w r a ona e
n ki hi tr nai n,ç
t ot t s e r d o e he ac s nd a e s bl
i e e si a lghtmos f vor bl t t nonmovi pa y. Sha v.Stoud,1 F. 791 798
nf r nce n i
t a a e o he
ng rt '
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( h Ci.1 .
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l s uls

1.M uhn a sAlegai ns
mm d' l to
O n N ove be 3, 2015, de e nt Bel he a Br w n e c t M uha m a t t
m r
f nda s
c r nd o
s ored
m d o he

m e c uni a trhe c pl ne ofbl
dial t fe
om ai d
oody sool. I t tige r ,M uhn a s w E
t s n he ra oom
mm d a C
KY

lb ia tj l ' o t e c t e a d t l d fn a tDe lt a h d d no wa to c ns n t a
u rc n el ' n h omtr n od ee d n e h t e i t n r o e t o
y
p o tt e n n t n.( mp . 3 , No 1) De ls i,ç'l e Dr S t a d e sta sn e
r sae x miai Co l! 4 ECF . . e ad ç 1lt . mih d r s h t ic
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h i t ela p i r c r p y iin. (d)
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c n iin rg t l ()d n' d a ytig a i g ts wo se,o i y u d ntalw t i t tk
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i
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o o z d o p o wo n t s n hry e o d .
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Dr Smih s i ,ç e1y u d n' h v a e ag d p o tt o h ml lr d lfa eu ,no a
. t ad ç l o o t a e n nlr e r sae r e orho a lr p r ny
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ve r 9, f nda s ri nd e m n s re
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l meg nc v st'a Dr S t ' o d r (d. W he Mu n d sw KY j ly i te tig
i r e y ii' t . mih s r e . I )
e
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r o hed ma d dt b r fr e t h sc l a s i,1 wil tb s b e tdt sxu la sul a
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me ial v r l ç ns ne p o e t e b y u. (I) M t a d rt re ta h h d n t
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ame n t ap y h c ' ( = Mu mma s i t a h wo l no G lna i pa t iaei .
a s o a c e k. J ) ha d ad h t e u d t ç u trl ri p t n .
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y
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ben sxu lya s utd. (4) Th d co h dM t n d c fe t t fo t G n e 'd wn
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s a t, e t i ve he a l, nd t s g d ls u tc , ttn g t o sn he h e
mm
i
4

u ( o lr qto tns . 1'lb a 1 te se . (4) Mu mma f l t e d co ' fng r
p. Yj u te o e e tl e o a ir' J.
' ha d et h o trs i e s
G r bn a d d g ig a i sa c ig f rg l ' f rmo et a t miue . (d. Dr S t
t o ig n i gn s f e r hn o o d' o r h n wo n ts I ) . mi
p
h
sae G e1 a an 1 tn no mo tt e ag me t o h m glr o a fae p a d n r ca
ttd, û 1 g i i d
W
sae nlr e n r e o rh d l lru n o e tl
ble ig' (d.
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Dr Smih t n or r t tM tha ma be pl c i a m e c lobs r a i celt i he
. t he de ed ha l m d
a ed n
di a
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ha abowe mo me ,s yi 1 ea1beiveyo &e ma pultngyo fc matrputi
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l ve nt a ng 1 1 le
W
ulr q ni ai ur e al te tng

bo d i i. ( .sAf a 1 ECF No 7 3. Th d co a d oh rsafme es c c e
lo n t' P1' f, t ,
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M u n d t e s r t th h dno b e Gn e to al c tig (i s l btngt isd so
h mma o n u e ha e a t e n ç tn in ly u t lmjef ii he n ie f
i
n t
mo t a ds frh'od a blo t plc i l sso lt e f u dn s c s l-nlce ijlis
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( .sAf , t1 ECFNo. - . Fieho r ltr Mu mma h dab we mo e n .
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l
7 9) v u s ae, hn d a o l v me t
2. D e e nt 'Exha ton D e e e
f nda s
us i
f ns

Dr Smih a srst th i e tte t sl r j d me tal te cams a ans h m
. t se t ha e s n ild o l
mmay u g n t h li g i t i
d
s d be dimi s d be aus M uhn ma f ied t e
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s se
c e
m d a l o xhaus a i sr tve r m e e pr l
t dm nitai e dis opery
bef r slng t sc vi a ton a utt Nove r201 r tle m s Afe r viw oft r or
o e i hi i l c i bo he
mbe
5 eca xn . tr e e
he ec d,
t c ta e .
he our gr es

Th P io Lii ain Reo m Ac CTLRA',a ngohe t i s pr vd si 4 U. C.
e rs n tg to fr t
' mo t r hng , o ie n 2 S.
)
j1 9 ea t taprs n rc n o b i g acvla to c n e igprs n c ndto st i h h s
9 7 () ha
io e n n t rn ii cin o c m n io o i n mtl e a
i
fr te used a ia e a nita i r m e es Thi e usi r r m e i t a t y.'
is xha t val bl dmi sr tve e di . s xha ton equie nt s t nda or '
m

Ros v.Blke U. ,1 6 S.Ct 1 5 ,1 5 (01 ) l t p le t ali mae s t a o t
s
a ,
S. 3
. 8 0 8 6 2 6 . t ç pis o l n t uis b u
a
pr s lf ,w he he t y i ve ge r lc r tm sanc s orpa tc a e s
i on i e
t r he nvol
ne a i c l t e
r i ul r pi odes a whe he t y
, nd
t r he

alg e e sv f re o s meo h rwr n . re v Nusl,5 4 U. 5 6 5 2 ( 0 2 . To
l e xc si e o c r o t e o g' tr . se 3 S. 1 , 3 2 0 )
e
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c mpywih j1 9 e a,a imaemus f lo e c se o t e tbih dgiva c p o e u e
o l t 9 7 () n n t
t o lw a h tp f he sa ls e le n e r c d r
t tt f c lt pr dest prs ne s a mee a1 dea i swihi t tpr e le be or slng
ha he a iiy ovi o io r nd
t 1 dlne t n ha oc dtr f e i

5

h sj 1 8 a to S eW o d o dv. o 5 U. 81 9 -4 ( 0 6 (i dn imaest i l
i 9 3 cin. e
o f r NR , 48 S. , 0 9 2 0 ) fn ig n t ' mtmey
g iv n ewa no l r p re h usi n' fa ia l a mi itaier me ist e j1 9 e a)
re a c s t ç o e x a to 'o valbe d nsrtv e de md r 9 7 ().
p
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e nt
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o xha t vaia e m nitai e
es eg di
s lm
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Bo k, 4 U. 1 9 21 ( 0 7 . On ete h v d n s , u n dma y te c p sl r
c 5 9 S. 9 , 2 2 0 ) c h y a e o e o M h mma y e s a e l
mmay

j d me tt e j 1 9 ea i h sae fcss o n ta te r me is u d rt e tbl h d
u g n md r 9 7 () f e tts a t h wig h t h e de n e he sa i e
s
g iv n e p oc dze wee no û v ia l' t hi Ros, 1 6 S.Ct a 1 5 ( o ig t t
re a c r e l
r r t l alb e' o m.
a
s 3
. t 8 9 n tn ha
cru tn e ma ig p io g v n e p o e u e u a alb e t l n t o tn a e).
ic msa c s kn rs n de a c r c d rs n v ia l l l o fe ds '
wi
Ge r ly, G t a i sr tve r m e i no c i r d t ha be n a ia e i a pds ne ,
ne a l t l dm ni ta i e dy s t onsde e o ve e va l bl f
a
o r
t r ug no f ul ofhi own,w a pr ve e f o a ii hi s l of i. M oor v.Be te,51
ho h
a t
s
s e nt d r m va lng m e f t'
'
e
nne t
7

F. 71 725( h Ci.2008)
3d 7, 4t r
.

Op rtn Pr c d r (OP' 8 6 1i t e etb ihe a miitai erme isp o e ur
eaig o e u e G ' 6 . s h sa ls d d r sr tv e d e r c d e
t )
l
f i t s i VD OC f iiis a t ,i i t pr e e t y mus f l t co pl wih
or nma e n
aclte nd, hus t s he oc dur he
t olow o m y t

j1 9 ea . ( e M e s rDe l Ex.B,ECF No.4 3) Und r OP 8 6.,a imae wi a
9 7 () S e s e c.
2- .
e
6 1 nn t t
h
p' va e a
i nc bouts
e
ome e ntoris mus frtm a a good f ih e f tt r s ve hi co e s
ve
s ue
t is ke
at for o e ol
s nc m
i o m al He mus no m a l doc e t s i or a r s uto e f t by co pltng a
nf r ly.
t r ly
um nt hi nf m l e ol i n for
m ei n
i o l c pl i f m a s i t i t pr s s a f w ho w il 1 hi s i s o on t
nf nna om a nt or nd ubm ti t o i on t f ,
ng
l og s ubm s i n
he

c putr a is hi a r cept Prs sa f wilt n pr de t i t wih a wrte
om e nd s ue m
e i . ion t f l he ovi he nma e t
itn
r pons on t botom oft i o m a c
es e
he t
he nf r l ompl i f m and r tun i t hi wihi ffe n da .
ant or
e t' t o m t n i te ys
The i a e c n t n i t a e t ne s e unde OP 8 1 a r gul r gre nc w ih t
nm t a he nii t he xt t p
r
66. e a i va e, t he
i onna co pl nta t hed.
nf
l m ai tac

A r za gre nce mus be fld wihi 30 da o t oc ur e e a
egtlr i va
t
ie
t n
ys f he c r nc bout whih i
c t
c pl i . Onl one i s m a be a es e pe g i va e. I a r gul r g i va e i pr r y
om a ns
y
s ue y
ddr s d r r e nc f e a r e nc s ope l

6

a tm ey fl d,t wa de or hi de i e wili ve tga e a s nd t i t a Le l I
nd i l ie he r n
s sgne
l n si t nd e he nma e
ve
r pons l t r pond ng ofi a de e mi s t g iva e t be unf unde f f l
es e. f he es
i
fcil t r ne he re nc o
o
d, or u l
e usi t i t mus a alt thol ng t Le lI,t r gi
xha ton, he nma e
t ppe ha
di o ve l he e onalad i sr t r a i
m nita o , nd n
s m e ca e , o Leve 1 1
o
sst
l 1.

I Cl m 1 Muhn d c e t tDr Smih ç e e si f c agans ( mlby
n ai ,
mma ontnds ha . t t d xce sve ore i t hi
us

s x al a sul n hm (o o )a d b i g d l rtl idfe e tt ( iqs ft a d s ro
e u l sa t g i s d my n en ei aey n ifr n o hs aey n eius
y
i
be
me ia n e s a v oaig Eil d e p o e s rg t/o n lw,b h s i e al bo y
dc l e d , nd i ltn h s u r c s ih sc mmo a y i l g ly d
l
s ac ng a s zng me'wihout c e . (
e rhi nd eii
' t
ons nt Compl ! 36. Unde t rgulr gre nce
.
)
r he e a iva
pr dur s i OP 866. M uhn a had untl Dec mber 4,201 t fl a tmel r gul r
oce e n
1,
mm d
i
e
6, o ie i y e a
gde nc alegi t t D r Sm ih ha vi a e hi dght on N ove be 3 by f r i hi t
va e l ng ha
.
t d ol t d s
s
m r
o c ng m o

l r a r c a e m . He ha t i De e be 20 t fl a r a gre
mde go e t l xn
d mtl c m r
o ie egulr ivanc a lgi Dr
e le ng .
Sm ih' vi a i ofhi rght on N o mbe 19. The de e nt 'e de e i t tM thnmm a
t s oltons
si s
ve r
f nda s vi nc s ha l
d
di notfl a r ul rgre nce a tt r c a e m i tonsby t ede dlne ,a he ofe s
d
ie ny eg a i va s bou he e t l xn na i
hes a i s nd
fr
no e de e i diput Be a e hedi notf l t pr ed e ort tmelne ofOP 866. ,
vi nc n s e. c us
d
olow he oc ur s he i i s
1
M thn a d d notpr pe l e us a nita i r medis a uthi c
l mm d i
o ry xha t dmi sr tve e
e bo
s ompl i s a i tDr
ant gans .
Sm ih i Cl i 1
t n am .

M t mm a s s iso do no pr s ntf c sde onsr tng t t r gul rgre nc
l
hn
d' ubm s ins
t e e a t m ta i hat he e a iva e
pr edzewasuna ia et hi d i Nove be a Dec mbe 2015. I f c ,on N o mbe
oc lr
va lbl o m urng
m r nd
e r
n at
ve r
1 201 M uhn m a fl a i or c pli a
6, 5,
m d ied n nf mal om a nt bout Dr Smih' o he m e ca decsons
. t s t r di l ii
r ga di hi c pl i s of bl d i li s ool . M uha m a t n f l d a r ul r gre
e r ng s om a nt
oo n ls t s
m d he ie
eg a i vanc on
e

t e i s s on Nove r 30, #ROSP- hes s ue
mbe
15 REG- 49 whih wa de m e t f t de a
00 2, c
s e d m om d nd

t u c sf l a p ae .( eM e srDe lEx. a 5 8 ECF No. 2- ) No o t s fl gs
ms c e sul p e ld Se se c. A, t - ,
y
4 2. ne f he e ii
n
r f rt t r t le m sonN o mbe 3 a 1 2015.
e e o he ec a xn
ve r nd 9,

7

M uha a c e t thepr l e use hi c am sa
mm d ontnds ha
opery xha t d s l i boutt r c a e m st r
he e t l xa mde

a P io Ra El n to Ac (TREA' e e to t t noma r g a g iva c d a l .
rs n pe i ain t G
mi
' xc p in o he r l e ulr re n e e di
)
ne
PREA i af de a s au ee c e t esa ih a z r t e a epolc f rm ion r pe, o de l p
s e r l tt t na t d o tbls
e o-olr nc
i y o s a t ve o
na i l sa r f punihi t e who r pe pds r ,a t i r a e a co a lt f r
tona t nda ds or
s ng hos
a
one s nd o nc e s c unt biiy o

p io o t ast rpo t n prv n prs nrpe 2U. C. j1 6 2 1 6 9.I r s o s t te
rs n fkil o e r a d e e t io a .4 S. j 5 0 - 5 0 n e p n e o h
f de a saut ,t VDOC a ed OP 38. defni t
e r l t t e he
dopt
3
ng ypesofs la et ti aesa saf
exua bus ha nm t nd t f

ma rpor usng spaae pr e tvepr e ze ,i l ng aPREA holne ( eKi Af.Ex.
y e t i e rt, otci oc dlr s ncudi
ti . Se ng f
A, No. 5. Oneo t s pr e tvepr dlr i t i tsha no de dlnet s t
ECF 42- )
f he e otci oce zes s hatnmae ve
a i o ubmi
a r gulr g va e a
e a de nc bout a lga i
le tons

sxu l a u e OP 3 .(V)E)1 () OP
e a b s.
83I ( ()g ;

8 6 1VI( ( )c (-h r i n tme lmi o whe a o fn e ma s b t a g va c
6 .( )A)1( ) Ef e e s o i i t n
û
n n fe d r y u mi de n e
rgadi a al ai ofsxua a e.
e r ng n leg ton e l bus '
).
I t s c nnot dodge t r ulr greva
nma e a
he eg a i nce de i a be ft fom t PREA
adlne nd ne i r
he

e e i m e el by usng t wo ds s xua a e ora s ul t des rbe a unwa ed c ac
xc pton r y
i he r e l bus
s a t o c i ny
nt ont t
wih a sa fme be o conta or howe r Unde t VDOC' PREA pr dur ,s xuala e
t tf m r r
r ct ,
ve .
r he
S
oce es e
bus

o clswh n, t o t h imaesc n e t t e ei tp e erto o t ea a o g ntlo nng
ct
r e wih u t e n t' o s n ,h r s l ln tain f h n l r e ia pe i ,
l
ho ve si , aha fnge ...ha i unr lt d t ofii ldutesorwhe et saf me be
we r lght by
nd, i r t t s ea e o fc a i
r he t f m r

( r c nr co ... a te itn t a s ,ao s ,o g aiy sx ld sr .... OP 3 .(1)
o q o ta tr h s h ne t o bu e r u e r r tf e ua e ie '
'
8311.
The defnii of s xua a e i t PREA pr dtr e e sy e udesGi i nt t uc ng
i ton
e l bus n he
oce le xpr s l xcl
çnc de al o hi
d i s c iy s r hes med c pe s
urng e urt ea c , i al r onnelenga d i e de e gahe i orl tma em e c l
ge n vi nc t rng egii t di a
t e t e , or t he lh ca e pe s z e pe f m i body c viy s r he i or r t m a nt n
r a m nt
o a t r r o m l r or ng
a t ea c s n de o i ai
s curt and s e y w ihi a f c lt ' I
e iy
af t t n a iiy. d.
'

Thepa te a e t tM uhnmmad fld aPREA r ulrg iva e o Fe u r 24,2016,
ri s gr e ha
ie
eg a re nc n br a y

#
ROSP- 6REG- 0 2,c mpli ig t a h wa s b e td t a g a ae sx lb tey sx l
10 7 o ann h t e s u j ce o g rv td e ua atr , e ua
8

a sul,fr il s d my c r a k wld e' y Dr S t o No e e 3 a 1 ,2 5 ( e
sa t o cbe o o , n n l no e g 'b . mi n v mb r nd 9 01 . S e
h
Com pl Ex. a 3, ECF N o.
. , t

The Le l 1 r s
ve
e pons sa es t nve tga i n: Pe RO SP
e t t : ç s i to
l
r

I siuin lI v siao Fn nn, hs gre n e wa d e dNO n ttto a n e t tr n i t i g iva c ) s e me n PREA. I e tg trFa nn
g
nv si ao n i
de em i ttst beam e c lpr e e. Pe ROSP M e c lde rme ,yo c e e t t
tr ned li o
di a oc dur
r
di a pa t nt u ons nt d o wo

difrnte mi to .Theei noe de et s
fee xa nains
r s vi nc o uppor yo algai .'J a 2.TheLe l 1
t ur le tons' ês t
ve 1
-

r s ns uphed t nzi t t #ROSP- 6-t 00072 i vol d a NOne po e
l he lng ha
1 lEGn ve
PREA i s and wa
s ue
s
unf mde
ot d.
M uhnmmad a s rs t tt s PREA r ul r g iva e a hi a a s t r fom f ly
s e t ha hi
eg a re nc nd s ppe l he e r
ul

stsy t e e ha sin rq ie n i j1 9 ea f rh scamsa ans Dr S t The c t'
aif h x u to e ur me t n 9 7 ( ) o i li g i t . mi
h.
out
c nnota ee The Fe a y 24,201 r l rg i va e wasnotfl wihi t 30- y wi w
a
gr .
bnlr
6 egu a re nc
ied t n he d@ ndo
f r r gul gr e nce a ut t i i nt of w li h he c pl i . M or ove , t l
o e ar i va s bo he nc de s
lc
om a ns
e r a dng

M uha mad' alegai i t lghtm os f vor bl t hi ,he does no pr e e de e t t
m
s l tons n he i
ta a e o m
t es nt vi nc ha
Dr Smih c
. t onduc e t t r c a e
t d he wo e t l xnms wih a tnt ntt a e a ous ,or gr tf s xual
t ny ç e o bus , r e
i
aiy e
desr ' a r quie f rhi a tonst m e tt PREA pr ed e' de i to ofs xua a e OP
ie' s e r d o s ci o e he
oc ur s fnii n
e l bus .

38311. M u a d alg st a t e d t rh d n lgt t r ao t c nd tt e r ca
.(1)
h mma le e h t h oco a o e imae e s n o o uc h e tl
i
e m s bec us a r c nt PSA t s was no ma a M uhammad di not c e t t r c a
xa
a e ee
et
r l nd
d
ons nt o he e t l
e m s He a s a lge t tt doc o kne t e m swoul c us M uhn a t s f r a
xa .
l o le s ha he t r w he xa
d a e
mm d o ufe n
a r ee o i r pons be a eheha be n s xual a e i t pas. Eve tke ast ,
dve s m tonal es e c us
d e e ly bus d n he t
n a n rue
t s ale to c nno s
he e l gai ns n t uppor a r as bl i e enc t tt r c a e
t e ona e nf r e ha he e t l xamswe e notl gii t
r
e tma e
m e c pr ed z e or t t Dr Sm ih pe f
di al oc lr s ha . t r onne t m w ih a i en i ns ofbe m i s xua l
d he
t ny nt t o
co ng e ly
a ous d orgr tf i s xua d ie .
r e
a i y ng e l es r s

On t c r r Dr Sm ih' c
he onta y, .
t s onduc on Nove r 3 a 1 2015, a al ge i
t
mbe
nd 9,
s le d n
M tha a s s isons cla l f lsouti t def ton ofs xua abus c
l mm d' ubm s i , e ry al
sde he mii
e l
e onduc t whih
to
c

t PREA de i e e i n a i s Dr Sm ih pe f
he
adlne xc pto pple . . t ronne t r c a e m son t s da e i
d he e t l xn
he e t s n
t c s ofhi E fcald i ' asM uhn a s a tndi physc a wih t sa e i e i
he our e
s t i i utes'
of
mm d' te ng
ii n, t he t t d ntnton

t n l o ta e lr e p o tt ,r ca be dn ,a /rs l-n u y a d f c sma puain a
o ze u n n ag d r sae e tl le ig ndo efij r n e e ni lto s
po e ile a tons f t bl M uha mad wasr poredl obs r i i hi sool. Thus
t nta xpl na i
or he ood
m
e t y e vng n s t s
,
M uhammad f is t pr e an ma e i l f t i diput s
al o es nt y t ra ac n s e howi t t Dr Sm ih' aci
ng ha
.
t s tons
c tmt d s xuala ei a s ns oft tt r unde PREA e e i
onsi e e
bus n ny e e ha e m
r
xc pton.
Ba e on t f e ng,t co t co l
sd
he or goi
he ur ncudes t t Dr Sm ih i e ild t sl a y
ha .
t s ntte o lmm r

j d me tb c us Mu a d dd n tp o ry e h u ta ia l a miitaierme isa t
u g n e a e h mma i o r pel x a s valbe d n srtv e d e s o
t onl cai s a i tt s def nda . M uhn a di notfl a r ul r g va e wihi t
he y l m gans hi
e nt
mm d d
ie eg a de nc t n he
30 day dea i unde OP 866. ast a ofhi cai sc e ni t Nove rr c ale
dlne
r
1 o ny
s l m onc r ng he
mbe e t xmns
,
a hi a lga i i t Fe u y 24,201 PREA gre nc di no qua iy f t PREA
nd s le tons n he br ar
6
i va e d t lf or he
e pton t t t de i .2 a us hi c am s t t t s e ms c ttze s xua as a t
xce i o ha adlne
s l i ha he e xn
onsit d e l s ul,
t
,
e e sve f c a il gals r h i vi a i oft Fouth Ame m e ,ora de i ton ofhi
xc s i or e, n le
ea c n olton he
'
t
nd nt
prva i
s
rg t r f ete t nti vi a i oft Due Pr e sClus we eno pr ry r ie t pls
i ht o e us r a me n olton he
oc s a e r t ope l as d o i on
of i swihi t de i oft e t bls d a a ia e a nita i r m e espr ed e
scal t n he adlnes he sa ihe nd va lbl dmi sr tve e di oc ur

a wil eds se wi p eu iel e j 1 9 ea .
nd lb imis d t rj d c md r 9 7 ()
h

2 M uha m a as alges t ton Ja r 20, 201 he be n s ng &
m d lo le
ha
nua y
6,
ga endi TREA r gulr gre nc ' t
e a iva es' o

Bak d l a d Mesr tegiv nc c odn tr wh di n tp o est m. ( mp.!4 ) Th s ohe PREA
r s ae n
se, h re a e o riao , o d o r c s he Co l 5. e e t r
greva sa eno i t r or I any e t M uhammad c no r l on t m i opposng Dr Smih' ar
i nce r t n he ec d. n
ven ,
an t ey he n
i
. t s gume
nt
t thef l t pr l exha ta nitatver medi ,snc t y wer fl outi t 30- y dea i f nonha
aied o opery
us dmi sr i e es i e he
e ied sde he da
dlne or
PREA r gulrp i nce unde OP 8 1
e a eva s
r
66..

3. Dim is lofOt rDef nda st Cl m 1
s sa
he
e nt o ai
The ot r de e nt ha move f dim is l of Cl i 1 f r f iur t sa e an
he f nda s ve
d or s s a
am
o al e o tt y

a tona ej1 3cli Thec tc l t tt smotonmus begant 3
ci bl 98 am.
our oncudes ha hi i
t r ed.
M tha m a fr t co e
l m d i s nt nds t t D e l Bel her Br n, M a tn, a Fr m an f l t
ha
e , c , ow
r i nd ee
aied o

i e ve t pr t c M uhn mad by pr ve i Dr Sm ih fom f r i Mm t t r
nt r ne o o e t
m
e ntng .
t r
o cng
o mde go
unne es a y r c a e mswihouthi co e a t c pie t al w t e vi a i ofli
c s r e t l xn
t
s ns nt nd hus ons r d o lo hes oltons ls
dght Delbe ae i fe e e t a i ae' s ro m e c ne ds i a vi aton oft Ei h
s. i r t ndif r nc o n nm t s e i us dial e s ol i
he ght
Am e e ts pr bii a i t c te a unus punihme . Se Esel v.Gn bl 429
ndm n ' ohi ton gans rz l nd
ual
s nt
e t le
m e,

U. 9 ,1 4 0 ( 9 6 .Top o et ee n o d lb rt i dfe e e t p an ifmu tsae
S. 7 0 - 5 1 7 )
r v he lme t f ei eae n ifrnc ,he litf s tt
f c ss
a t howi t ta pa tculrdef nda a t ly l w ofa dir gar d a e es i rs of
ng ha
ri a
e nt c ual c
ne
nd s e de n xc sve ik
s
edous hn m t pl ntf she lh pr s nt d by a pr pos d c ls ofco
r o ai if
at e e e
o e otr e
nduc . Fn rv.Br z a
t nne
e m n,

51 U. 8 5 8 7( 9 4 .Nl s so o caswihn me ia tanigma lwf lyd f rt te
1 S. 2 , 3 1 9 ) z e r o il t o dc l ri n y a ul e e o h
r
a tndi physca s pr e sona e rie on que to a t t nec s iy o pr r
te ng
i in' of s i l xpe ts
si ns bou he
e st r ope

pef r nc o ame ia pr c d r . S e S a k v.S t ,71F.d 1 2,1 6 ( t Ci.1 9 )
ro ma e f
dc l o e u e e h k a mih
3 6 6 4h r 9 5 .
Thus t c tcamotlnd a Ei ht Amendme cli a i i fom M uha a salegai
, he our r i ny g h
nt am rsng r
mm d' l tons
t tt s de e nt f l t sop Dr Sm ih fom pe f w i t r c a e m s a he di o
ha he e f nda s aied o t
. t '
r
rol ng he e t l xa
s
d n
Nove be 3 a 1 2015.
m r nd 9,
M uhammad' alegai ns of c ns r cy mus a s be dimi s
s l to
o pia
t lo
s s ed. St tng a c pia y
ai
ons r c
ca m r quiesa lga i off c st t i pr n,r as bl la t t i e e e t tpu po td
li e r le tons a t ha , f ove e ona y e d o he nf r nc ha r re

co piao ss r d t s me ob e tvet ty t Ga ompls a c
ns rtr ha e he n
j ci o r o çcc ih ommo a t a 'lpln't
n nd mlwf a ' o
u
3 Thenon- c de e t 'moton c e t tt c tpr ousy R s sed'Cl m s1a 4 a t
medial f ndan s
i ontnds ha he our evi l dimis ' ai
nd s o

al ee d n se c p Dr S t a dDrOwe .( fs' M e S p 1 , No 3 . Thsapl n lcc mei
ld fn a t x e t . mi n . ns Det.s m. u p. 1 ECF . 2) i r me ta l rt
h
s
.
The or r a is e e e November4,2016,de ed M uha
de t sue, ntr d
ni
mmad' ate st a nd t compl nt i di not
s tmpt o me he
ai ' t d
,
dimisa cai 9om t i talc
s s ny l ms
he nii ompl nt howeve ,ordie tt clr t tr nat a defnda saspa te .
ai ,
r
r c he ek o e mi e ny e nt
ris

(e Or e 14 ECFNo 1 . Mo e v r i s mmaiigtecamsfo ta c mpan,h c u t d noatmpt
S e d r -,
. 8) ro e,n u rzn h li rm h t o litte o r ma e te
t i ntf a1 defnda si iatd i e h cli a i f c,t n diece t cek t s r t i talcompli
o de iy 1 e nt mplc e n ac am nd, n a t he r td he lr o eve he nii
ant

o gl ee a t teenna d.(d a 4. Ne et ls, o ra o t b e plie ,h c u t d t th moin
n . d fnd ns h ri me 1 . t ) v rhees fr e sns o e x an d te o r Sn s ha te to
t
.
t dimismus begrntd.
o s s
t
a e

v oaet eplitf f d rlrg t. Hikl v.Ciy o Clr b r ,81F.d 41 ,4 ( t Ci.
i lt h an ifs e ea ih s n e
t f aks u g
3 6 21 4h r

1 9 ) tRlrcs c lto a d c n e tr 'o c n l o y lbei o t d fn a t'a to a
9 6 . t at pe u ai n n o j cu e' r o cus r a l f he ee d ns cins s
g l
ng
a lc pi a y' as M uha m a ha done he e ca
t ons r c '
m d s
r nnot sa e a ac i na e c a m , e pec aly w he
t t n t o bl l i s i l
n

t acinsa ec pa eofimoce ti e eai #.a 422; me Che olt 591F. a 255.
he to r a bl r n ntprtton.J- t Ne t vr e,
3d t
M uhnmmad ne al ges t t de e nt El m ,Hn lon,Bar dal Fal i Be ly,
xt le
ha f nda s n
mit
ks e, m n, nte
a Phi , dtrng t gdeva
nd
pps li he
nce pr ee ngs vi a e hi r g s by f ii t i s i t or
oc di , ol t d s i ht
a lng o nve tga e

c r c Dr Sm ih' mico uc .
ore t .
t s
s nd t

The e om iso , howe r do no i i a e a
s
s i ns
ve ,
t mplc t ny

c nsi in l p o e td lg t je ,eM,Li aR. v. c ad D. 41 U..61 ,61 ( 9 3
o tmto al r tce i h . e .. nd S. Rih r , 0 S 4 9 1 7 )
y
( o dn t tidv d ash v noprtce itrs i t ei etg to o p o e u ino oh r)
h l ig ha n ii u l a e
oe t d n ee t n h nv siain r r s c to f t e s.
M tha ma salegai nst tt s def nda sf ie t f l w VDOC' gre ncepr dur sor
l m d' l to ha he e e nt al d o olo
S i va
oce e
PREA i si ton pr oc sa s do no i i t a c tt tona l pr ec e rghta t ,
nve tga i
ot ol lo
t mplcae ny onsiu i ly ot t d i nd, hus

a en ta to beu d rj1 8 .Ricov. v o F ifx, 0 F.d 1 5 ,1 9( t Ci.1 9 )
r o cina l n e 9 3 c i Ct . f ara 9 7 2 4 9 46 4h r 9 0

(: sae 1w g a t mo e p o e t a dg t ta t e Co t uin wo l oh r s r q ie a
:f tt a rn s r r c dl l h s h n h nsi to u d te wie e ur ,
1
r
t
saesfit et a ieb t a lw i n tafd r l u p o e sis e'
tt ' alr o bd y h t a s o e ea d e r c s su .
l
).
Fi ly,M thn m a a l ges t El m ,H n it n,B a ks l Fn n,B e l y,D e l a
na l
l m d le
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m lo
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nte
e , nd

Pbp lh e tnEd hi wi p ysc lv oe e flertlao y ds iln r i ie trp rs
i ps t r ae e m) t h ia i lnc , as eait r icp ia y ncd n e o t
t
h
a r us lt ta f rm e t s c iy l ve 6' f hi us oft g iva e pr dur a ha
nd ef a o r ns e
o e urt e l ' or s e he re nc oce es nd ve

tusc us dt p cfe ûnt y t h sFrtAme d n rg t. Co l !3 ) Th c mpan
h a e ms e iid ç jt o i is
i r
n me t ihs' mp . 5. e o li t
'(
doesno pr e f t i s
t es nt acs n uppo to t e cai s and co l or a l tonsofr t la i ca
r f hes l m ,
ncus y legai
e a iton nnot

su ve a moin t dimis Adn v.lie,40 F. 7 74 ( h Ci.1 4) M o e r
twi
to o s s .
ms tc
3d 2, 4t r 99 . r ove ,
a l ga i of ve ba ha as m e a tle t by prs of i s do not s a e a c tt to l
le tons
r l r s nt nd lr a s
i on fc al
t t ny ons i u i na

cam.He se v. wi,1 3 Fe . p' 1 ,1 0( t Ci. 0 5 (iig Col v. md , 0
li
n le Le s 5 d Ap x 78 8 4h r 2 0 ) ctn lns Ct y 6 3
i
F. 825,827 (0t Ci. 1
2d
1 h r 979:. For t s vea sae r s ns t c twil ga t
he e rl ttd ea o , he our l rnt he

12

d fn a t'mo in t ds s ( No 31 a t Cli 1a d n M u n d' moin f r
ee d n s to o imis ECF . ) s o am nd e y h mma s to o

s mmayj g n a t ti cam.
u r ud me t s o h s li
Cl i 2:Re a it r Sui i W a c
am
t la o y cde th
1 M uhn m a sA le tons
.
m d' l ga i

On Fe u r 1 201 M uha a dei r d t M oor a M uli a PREA e r nc
br a y 0, 6,
mm d lve e o
e nd
lns
me ge y

giv n e ( 0 41 ) algn t a Dr S t h d s x al a s utd hm b pef r n r ca
re a c # 01 5 , l ig h t . mi a e u ly sa le i y ro mig e tl
e
h
e m son Nove r3 a 1 2015.M oor t k t ie t Se gea tClnt De ,who wa ne
xn
mbe nd 9,
e oo he tm o r n i on el
r d
M lha madt thi al ga i a i tDr Smih we em a ng pe pl a y.
z m
ha s le tons gans . t r ki
o e ngr

Alo o Fe r ay 1 ,q aiid me tlhe l p o e so a (I lP' Tr n c me t
s n b u r 0 u l e n a at r fsi n l E - ' e t n o
f
h
QM l )
M uhn ma sdoo . M uha a r mi d Tr ntt the ha pr m ie t i e v e M uhn a
m d'
r
mm d e nde e ha
d o s d o nt r i w
mm d
a uta J nua y 20 PREA r gul rgre nc compl i ng t tt N ove r201 r c a e m s
bo
a r
e a iva e
ani ha he
mbe
5 e t l xa

b Dr Smihweesx l sa ls Trn tl Mu a d EI as t lqy u . .h tIas f a
y . t r e ua a s ut. e t o d h mma ,G J lo og o . ta lo e r
g
d
r t la i f you i you ke p on c i ng t ptr ue t s s xua a s ul/od y' agans Dr
e a iton or
f
e
ontnui o ls hi e l s a ts om ' i t .

S t ( mp. g 5.
mih. Co j4 )
Trn te s i t Mu mma ,t Oq 2 8 1 y u sn mea r q s f l saig 1 n
e t h n ad o hn d E n // 6 o e t
(
e uet o' ttn 1 m
m
e de i s ci lho i i l t nde i . So I a he e t put you o l m i e wa c
xpe ncng ui da - m cda e nces'
m r o
n s- nut
th

s cdeprca ins' (d. M uhammad e ai d t Trntt tt rque tf m wa onl als
uii e uto . I )
'
xpl ne o e ha he e s or s y it

o hsme tl e l d a n s sa d s i,1A1 n tmed Ipa o l ligmy ef(n qIn n t
f i na h at ig o e n ad : t o i o ln n c ln s l a d m o
h
(
i
p a nngo e ig u l t e4 1 / 4 (uii e. (d) Trn s i,E t l y u lwa ar i o
ln i n ndn p i h / 9 1 s cd l' 1 . e t ad t od o
ke
'
I
s fad f
rtlain f you. You j t si yougr goi t kilyols l.' (d. He rpo td t
eaito or
us ad
le) ng o l tr ef' 1 )
e re hat
Ba ks e had t d li t putM uha ma on s ci pr c utonsa s i ûYou a e a ds t
r dal
ol lm o
m d
ui de e a i
nd a d, G
r t k o

y u s ft h at a welben Yo te fl t oma yrq e t, re a e , n n w wea1
o r aey e l nd l- ig. ugr) ii o n e u ss giv nc s a d o
h
ng
1

f e l i yo d n' g ty u s x a a sutg iv n e fld y ugr jg i g t k l y u s l.
e l i f u o t e o r e u l sa l re a c s ie o Ge o n o il o r ef'
ke
'
(d) Trn s i t tt o d rh d ar a yb e m itnt p a eM ummma o a7 - o rh l
1 . e t ad ha he r e a le d e n te o lc l
d n 2 h u od.
Abo 1: p. . o Fe u r 1 Giber, M oo e, a M uli c m e a pl c
ut 05 m n br a y 0, l t
r nd
lns a
nd a ed
M uhammad i a srp c l on s ci pr a i . The l tli na i t c l wih o y a
n ti el
ui de ec utons
y ef lm ked n he e l t nl
s ey s k a ma tes .W he Tr ntc m eby,M uhn ma a ke hi f ras f t blnke,hi
af t moc nd tr s
n e a
m d s d m o aey n t s

lg l tras a dar l o t ie pa e i tec l.Tr n si ,tk p ty n t wa nyo ' (d.
e a maeil, n ol f o lt p r n h el e t ad & e t r i g o r u. I )
I
'

Th te e i g a t e n x mo ig Mth mma r c ie hi rj lrCo n Fard e ta s
a v n n nd h e t m n , la d e ev d s e u a mmo i it ry ,
r t rt n s f t utnsl a o d f s cde pr ca i . W he hi lxa i c us d hi t
a he ha a ey e is ppr ve or ui i
e utons
n s a tve a e m o
ha l ebowelm ove e s heha no s p t was li ha bef e e tng. He t d ox c r
ve oos
m nt,
d
oa o
h ls nds or a i
ol
es
hewast c d t se p,butdi notr eveabl nke ,hi l alm ae il , at l tpa rr l
oo ol o l e
d
ec i
a t s eg
t ra s or oie pe ol.
Tr ntc m et t cela 9: a. .o Fe a y 11 a t d M uhn mad,GW e a1m a a
e a o he l t 50 m n bnzr
nd ol
m
ç
1 de

h g mitk i e o a d o fe to s ( bo s sBak d l a d Hu fa 1 we tb c a d
u e sa e n n'r n f mo in . My se r s ae n f nd ) n a k n
r r d yotrr que tf r . Ive ale m i tn or r rghthe e t r l s you fom 15 m i e
e ea
l e s o m ' r ady te de s i
r o eea e
r
nut

wac ' ( - Mt mma tl Trn t th h d n tse ti t c l c l wih n b n k ta d
th. J s l
' # ) ha d o d e t ha e a o lp n he o d el t o ln e n
wa l
s t i ly sc wih t fu,he a snus c d,bod a hes c a ,pans s e t oa ,
physcal ik t he l
ad nd i
ol
y c , r mps i , or hr t

mi rieh a a h s ac u l b o d n s s gn )d l i u E) fo lc o se p.(.) Ofie s
g an e d c e , o p e l o y o e , a d ei o s ' ' m a k f l e J
r
'r
i
fc r
r l a ed M uhn m ad f o s rp c l c tons a
ee s
m
r
' m t i e l ondii
bout4: p. .
30 m

M thn a a lgest tTr nt Huf,Ba ks l ,Gibe t M oor a M uli pl c li
l mm d le
ha e , f r da e l r,
e, nd
lns a ed lm
on s ci pr c utons oror r d o f ie t pr ntt tpl c m e ,t r tlp e a i thi f
ui de e a i ,
de e r a ld o eve ha a e nt o ea it gans m or
e c s ng hi Fi s A m e e rghtt pe ii t go r e f r dr s of g i va e . H e
xer i i
s rt
ndm nt i o tton he ve nm nt or e es
r e nc s

as cams t tdu ng t e s iie wac pei d he wa s j ce t t o tt in llvn
lo li ha ti h u cd th ro ,
s ube td o mc nsi o a i ig
m
c tons i vi ai o t Ei ht Am e
ondii , n ol ton f he g h
ndme . Thes def nda sha moved f r sl a y
nt
e e nt ve
o lmm r
'

J
udgm e .
nt

2.TheDe e nt 'Evi nc
f nda s
de e
The def nda s c end t tM ul m a wa pl c on s cde pr c tons be aus of
e nt ont
ha
mm d s a ed
ui i
e au i
c e
hi w zte s a e e sa be vi r a w a r l s d w he he w asc m er Tr nts a e :
s i t n t t m nt nd ha o nd s e ea e
n
al . e t t s

Re or r fe tt tofe rM uha mad s itd a Of e rReq s
c ds e l c ha f nde
m
ubm te n f nde
ue t

fr t me tl e l saigta h ha b e h aigv ie teerymonijo
om o na h at ttn h t e d e n e rn ocs h al r n f
h
Fe rlr 8 20 6 ( )sae ...t a he fl h sme tlhe lh wa rp dy
b t y , 1 . He ttd
a
h t et i n a at s a l l
de e i r tngandt thef ts cda a homi i lt nde i s ...
t ro ai
ha
el ui i l nd
c da e nc e .
Bec us oft e sae e s a be us Ofe r M thn a bec m e
a e
hes t tm nt nd ca e f nde
l mm d
n

moeertcb myy eto ig Id tr ne ta h n e e t b pa e o 2 r rai y
u sinn , eemi d h t e ed d o e lcd n 4
hours ci pr a l f rhi own s ey a f rsa fss ey....
ui de ec utons o s
aft nd o t f aft

Re od rfe th th flo ngd y Fe ra 1 , 01 ,. . h mma
c rs elc ta te olwi a , b uy 1 2 6 . Mu a d

sae t th dd no a d h s n ve h d a y s ila tn e is ...( s
ttd ha e i t n a e r a n ucd l e d nce .
Hi)
t ht we e or ni ed a c
houg s r ga z nd omplt . Hi de e no wascam t ougho otr
ee
s m a r
l hr
ut l
i t r to The e wa no a ut m e al heat dites a no s e y is
n e aci n.
r
s
c e nt
lh sr s nd
aft s ues

obsr ed. Be us of t s I a horz d g mq t be r las d fo s cde
ev
ca e
hi, ut ie hi o
ee e r m uii
pr ca i .
e utons

( e tAf. !4 6) Trn d ne tligM u a dt a hefa e h wo l bertlae a ans
Trn f! - z e t e is eln
h mma h t e r d e u d eaitd g i t
ort tBa ks l or r d M lhn m a splc nton s c depr ca i ns
ha r da e de e z m d' a eme
uii
e uto .
3. Re a i ton Cl m
t la i
ai

Prs ofi i l m a nott ke ac i t tvi a e a i ae' ç r tAm e
ion fc a s y
a
tons ha olt n nm t s ç s
Fi
ndme rghtt
nt i o

b fe fo rt l to f r fln a l e n e' u d r t p io s e tbih d g iv n e
e r e rm eai in o iig
a
va c ' n e he rs n' sa ls e 'e a c
r
p o e t e Bo k rv. C. p' o Co , 5 F.d 5 3 5 (t Ci. 01 ) Ont eo h rh n ,
r c dl . o e S. De t f m 8 5 3 3 , 41 4h r 2 7 . h t e a d
r
c am s of r t iton agans prs n i t mus be te t d wih he lhy s ptc s ,be us
li
eala i
i t i o nma es
t
rae
t a t ke iim
ca e

ma y a to b prs n ofcas ae t y d fni o Geaitr i t sns t t( e a ei q
n cins y io fiil r t ei t n rtlaoy' n he e e ha t y r n
b
i
h
r s o s )t p io rmic nd t o oh rc nc r i be a i r. Co h a v. o s 7 F.d
e p nge o rs ne s o uc' r t e o e nng h v o s c r n M ni, 3 3
'
1 0,1 7 ( h Ci.1 ;Admnsv.Ri ,40 F. 72,74 ( h Ci.1 . çlo saea vai
31 31 4t r 996)
ce
3d
4t r 994) t- tt
'
ld

cam f rrtlainu d rs cin 1 8 , p io e mu talg ()as e i c nsiuin lrg t
li o eaito n e e to 9 3 a rs n r s le e 1 p cf o ttto a ih ,
k
( ) h d fn a tsitn t rtlaea an tt p io e f rh so he e e cs o t a rg t ()a
2 t e e e d n ' ne t o eait g is he rs n r o i r r x rie f h t ih , 3
r t it y a rea t a ( c uston. Snodgr sv.M e s r No.7:6CV00050,201 W L
ealaor dves c, nd 4) a ai '
'
as
s e,
1
7

9 5 9 , t* ( . Va M a .1 , 1 ) g fd No.1 - 3 0 2 7 W L 3 6 6 0 (t Ci. .
7 9 2 a 4 W D. . r 0 20 7 , f ,
7 6 6 , 01
2 3 5 4h r Aug
1 201 (ntm a quotto maksa ctto o ted .
, 7) i e l ain r nd iain mit )
A pli ifsas e ton t tt r t la or a twa t ke i r pons t t e r ie
antf
s ri ha he e a it y c s a n n es e o he xe c s
ofaco tt tona l pr e t d rght whe s
nsiu i ly ot c e i , n uppo td by s ci f c s i s fc e
re
pe fc a t , s ufi i nt

t saeartlain cam. Ad msv lie 40F.d 7 ,7 (t Ci.1 9 ) Th
o tt eaito li
a . tc ,
3 2 5 4h r 9 4. e

fcsalj dmus warn c n e ta tecame rtlain wa itn e t
at l e
e
t ra t o c m h t h li d eaito s ne d d o

ha a c li efe ton t e r ie oft pl i i srg t ac es t c t.
ve hllng f c
he xe cs
he antY i ht o c s he ours

Am.Ci Lie t sUno v.W io c Ct ,9 9 F.d 7 0 78 -8 & n.6 (t
v. b ri
e in
c mio v. 9 2 8 , 5 6
4h
Ci.1 .Theprs rne dnots c e iey ore npa tal t t tle t
r 993)
ione e
uc umb ntrl ve rily o he lra;
i i s fce t t t r t la i wa i e d t lmi t prs r s dg of
t s ufi int ha he e a iton s nt nde o i t he ione ' ht
a c st t c t a wa r s na y cac a e t ha t te f c . Huds h
c es o he ours nd s ea o bl lult d o ve ha f e t
pet

r Fi ns,584F. (345, 1 48(t Ci.19 )
v. cci l
2d 1 1 3 4h r 78 .

Th mp o v Clr , 3 F. p' 2 7 2 (t Ci. 01 )(mp bihe )
o s n . ake 6 3 Ap x 0 , 08 4 h r 2 6 t u ls d .
Ta ng t e de e i t lghtm os f vor bl t M thn a t c tco l
ki he vi nc n he i
t a a e o l mm d, he our ncudest
hat

h s rtlain cam a an t Tr n , Hu t a d Baks ae s r ie s mma y j d me t
i eaito li g is e t fl n
r d l u vv s u r u g n .
S c fcal M uhn a ha pr e e f t s
pe ii ly,
mm d s es ntd acs uppori ar a ona ei e e et tTr nt Huf,
tng e s bl nf r nc ha e , f
a Ba ks l plce hi on s c de pr ca i t dic ag hi fo s ng Dr Sm ih ove
nd r dae a d m
uii
e utons o s our e m r m ui
. t
r
t r c al e m s The c t snds m a e il diput of f c r ga di t e de e nt
he e t xn .
our
t ra s es
a t e r ng hes
f nda s'
i t r e a i of M uha mad' Fe a y 8 r que t f r , t c e of hi Fe u r 1
n e pr t ton
m
s bnzr
e s o m he ont nt
s br a y 0
co r ai n wih Tr nt t r s ns t y or r d s cde pr a i ,a t r a ons t y
nve s to
t e , he ea o he de e ui i
ec utons nd he e s
he
or r d M uhn a s r l as f o t e pr c utonswhe t y di Ba e o t e dipu es
de e
mm d' e e e ' m hos e a i
r
n he d. s d n hes s t ,

t c u t ld nys mmayj g n f r h s t red fn a t
he o r wil e u r ud me t o t e e h e ee d n s
Thecour fndsno ma e i d s e f c s
ti
t ral iput d a t howi t tGibe t M oor orM uli pl c d
ng ha l r,
e,
lns a e
M uhn ma on pr c i ns t r a it a ns hi . M ul ma alege t t t or r f
m d
e auto o etla e gai t m
mm d l s ha he de or
pr ca i nsc m e fo Tr nt by o de ofHuf and Ba ks e. He pr s nt no evi ncet tt
e uto n
rm e , r r
f
r dal
ee s
de
ha he
ot r de e nt t t s cli ha any a hort t or t pr c uto o t ale t c l
he f nda s o hi am d
ut iy o der he e a i ns r o tr he e l

c n iinsf ra imae s b e tt t o ep e a to s I a dto Gib r M o r , ndM u l
o dto o n n t u j c o h s rc ui n . n d iin, l e q o e a
li
ns
c dlwf lydefrt Trntspr esi le riea t atndi QMHP on q si a ut
oul a ul e o e ' of sona xpets s he te ng
uetons bo

t ne s iy f t l mi e wa c or ra t celc tonsi a hodze Se Shn ,71
he ce st or he s- nut t h de nd he l ondii t ut
d. e kka

F.da 1 6 Ac o dngy tec u t lg a ts mmayj dg n frt e et red fn a t, n
3 t 6 . c r i l ,h o r wil r n u r u me t o h s h e ee d n s a d
wild n Mu mma s s mmay j d me to t rt l to c n e to i Cli 1 a t a1
l e y hn d' u r u g n n he eai in o tni n n am s o 1
a
de e nt.
f nda s
4.Li ng Condii Cl i
vi
tons am
The c ta s fnds no ge ne m aera f c i diput on whih M uha a co d
our lo i
nui
t il a t n s e
c
mm d ul

p o ehi cam t a t ed fn a t s be tdhm t t o ttto a c n iin dligt s ft
r v s li h t h e e d n s u j ce i o mc nsiuin l o dto s t n he aey
r
pr ca i nson Fe u r 1 a 11 201 The Ei h Am e
e uto
br a y 0 nd , 6.
ght
ndme ,whi h a i t t sa es
nt
c pples o he tt
unde t Due Pr s Cl us oft Fouree h Ame m e ,R o e t i aesfom i
r he
oce s a e he
t nt
nd nt pr t c s nm t r nhum a
ne

te t n a d c ndto wll i rs n d' W iln v Be a n, 7 F.d 7 6 7 1( t Ci.
r ame t n o i ns z e mp io e . l ms . nimi 7 3 5 , 6 4h r
i
i
' i
1 9 ) û- h Co t u in d e n t n aec mf ra ep io , h we r a dc n iin t a
9 6 . tf e nsi to o s o ma d t o o tbl rs ns' o ve, n o dto s h t
ll
t
'
a e G esrci a e n ha s ...a e pa toft pe ly t tc i i lofe r pa f t i
r t ti tve nd ve rh
r
r r
he nat ha rm na f nde s y or her

ofe e ag ns s it ' Rhode v.Cha n,45 U. 337,347- ( 981. I i wel
fns s ai t ocey.
'
s
pma
2 S.
49 1 ) t s l
e tbls d t t Go y t lnne s a y a wa on i lc i of pai i i a e t Ei h
sa ihe ha çnl he l ce s r nd nt nfiton
n mplc t s he ght

Ame d n . Se W is n v.S ie,5 U. 29 2 7 ( 9 )(nena q oain mak a
n me t' e lo
'
etr 01 S. 4, 9 1 91 itr l u tt
o
r s nd
ctto o te )
iains mitd .

To sae s c a cam,M ummma mu t s o ta :() o j ciey t e d fn a t
tt u h li
l
d s h w h t 1 be tv l, h ee d n s
deai d hi l r c tons t tde i d hi of Ghe m i ma cvii d m e lr of lf '
t ne m mde ondii
ha prve m
l
t
ni l i lze
asze
ie s

ne e ste 'a d ç se )a s b tn ilrs o s ro h r ' a d ( )s b e tv l,e c o t e
c siis' n G ld u sa ta ik f eius a m' n 2 u j ciey a h f h m
po
;
ace wih i lbeae i ifrncet Els he lh o s ft ' Fa me,511U. a 8 Ata
td t û i rt ndfee o liq at r aey.' r r
de
S. t 34.
m i m lm ,M uhn m a m us s w G i lii mz phys c o e oto l ha m ' r s t d f o t
ni l
m d
t ho & g a fc t
s
i al r m i na r ' e ule r m he

c le
ha lnged c tons Shn
ondii .
kka,71 F. a 1
3d t 66. He m us alo s
t s how t te h de e
ha ac f ndantwa
s

de i r tl i if r nt t te h onekne ofa dir ga de a e es i rs t hi he lh or
lbe ae y nd fe e - ha ac
w
nd s e r d n xc sve ik o s a t
s f t Se Fn m e ,511 U . a 8
a e y. e r r
S. t 37.

M thn ma pr e s no diput m ae i l f ts ppori eiherf e of t s sa r
l m d es nt
s ed tra ac u
tng t ac t hi t nda d.
Fis, he doe no sae f t s
rt
s t t t acs howi de i ton of lf s ba i ne s ii s The e de
ng prva i
ie' sc ce ste .
vi nce
esa ihest the wa i i a c l c o he i as f t s k,a r ceve r gt a l s he e
t bls ha
s nsde el, l t d n a e y moc nd e i d e z ry c dul d
l
m e l a am a tes f see ng. I r pons t t de e nt 'm o i M uhammad sa e t t
a s nd
tr s or l pi
n es e o he f nda s ton,
t t s ha
he wasunc orabl col wiho a bl nke ,ha t e twih dit ha ,s f r d a hea he
omf t y d t ut a t d o a t ry nds ufe e
dac
a ot rt mpor r dic o t,a de l d Gasnusand he ol f a ltl o ra mont '
nd he e
a y s omf rs nd veope û i
adc d or ite ve
h'

a trte icd n . ( .sM o .S mm. . ,ECF No 3 . Hed e n tct e i e c , we r
fe h n i e t' Pl' t u J 4
'
. 4)
o s o ie v d n e ho ve
s
howi t thi sc s r uie medialteam e or t t i was c us by t c lnge
ng ha s ikne s eq r d
c r t nt ha t
a ed
he hale d
c to .
ondii ns

Se ond,M tha a has not ct d f t s
c
l mm d
ie acs howi a de e nts kno e t t t
ng ny f nda '
wl dge ha he
c to pos d a e e sve rs t the woul s f r a s rous ha m swhie t rm e al
ondii ns e n xc s i ik ha
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l mde
nt
he t wac I d,t e c tonsa e de i d f rt i ae' s f t Eve i a oft
alh th. ndee hes ondii
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n f ny he
de e nt f ie t f l s m e VDOC polc e dudng t pr a i pe i s h vi a i
f nda s a ld o olow o
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he ec utons rod, uc oltons

do notsaeco tt i lcamsaci bl unde j 1
tt nsiutona li
tona e
r 983. Rici 907 F. a 1
c o,
2d t 469. Fort
he
saed r s ns t c r c l st ta loft de e
t t ea o , he ou t onc ude ha l he f ndan st Cl i 2 a ee ild t s
t o am
r ntte o umm a y
r

j d me ta amatro 1w o t ec n e to o u c n t ina c n i o s4
u g n s te f a n h o tni n f n o si o l o dt n .
mt
i

4 A Si Cli 1 M uha d' c us y lbei oft defndant'a tonsi Cli 2 asaEc piac '
n am ,
mma s oncl or a lng he e
s c i n am
çons r y'

aeis fkin t sp r aj1 8 cam o ta te r .Hike 8 F.da 4 .
r n ut e to u pot 9 3 li n h th o y n l, 1 3 t 2l

D. Cli 3:Cls ii to Pr e e
am
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1. Ba
ckgr m d
ot
Red Oni n ha i pl m e e a s e ton s e down pr r m ,s touti l a OP 830. .
o s m e nt d egr ga i t p
og a e
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A

I i a En e tv - s d ho i p o rm ( t ce t sap t wa f ro fnd r t se - o
t s n t c n ieba e usng r g a t ) rae ah y o fe es o tp d wn
i
ha
fom Se lrt Le lGS'( grgai t l rs cu'y lvesi ama rt tmai ai publc
r
cziy ve G ' Se e ton) o owe e tt e l n
i
nne ha nt ns i,

safa d o fn e s ft ' ( le t f ! 4 ECF No 3 - ;i En l A. Asa imaeme t
t f n fe d r a ey. Gib r Af. ,
'
. 2 1 ê, c. )
n n t es
pr s t pr oci goa s at e h l ve of t pr r m , i l ng t s ve Chal nge Se i s
e e , os al l
ac e l
he og n nc udi he e n
le
re
wo kboo ,he i ei bl t ad nc i lvest ough Le lS a t e . a tonalprvie .
r
ks
s lgi e o va e n e l hr
ve nd o al ddii
n
i lges
Ofi e s i t housng t t ta k e c i a e' pr e s t r t goas of hi
fc r n he
i mis r c a h nm t s ogr s owa d he
l
s

a sgne se The r t hi be vi eve y we aspoor a ce a e,o good i e h ofs ve a
s i d t p.
y ae s ha or r ek
, c ptbl r
n ac
e rl
c t gode , s h a per o l hygi ne sa ng f co m t a r s ct Couns l r r t t
ae
s uc s s na
e , t ndi or t , nd e pe .
e o s a e he

i ae' pr r pa tci ton e r wee as i
nm t s og am ri pa i ve y
k
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et o ee, r ii for. n
a to Le l S i t s a e t ha t i s c y l ve a se sa us r vi wed by t
ddii n, ve
nma e r o ve her e udt e l nd t p tt e e
he

I si in lClsiiai n Au h rt CtCA' a lat e e y nney d ys a d b a e tma
n tt o a a sfc to
m
toi 1 ' t e s v r i t a n y n xe l
y
)
r viw t a e r ye .
e e e m ve y r
W he a i t c m plt t Chale Se c cul a e ua or dee t the
n n nma e o ees he
lnce des uni um nd val t s m ha
ha ac e d is be vi a goa s i Le S, he wil be se d down t Se t iy Le l 6
s hive t ha or l l n vel
l
t ppe
o c u t ve

(1L6'.Atti p it o fcasa s s e c imaea a sg hi t o o tr eS p o rm
ç '
S )
l s on , f il se s a h n t nd sin m o ne f h e L6 r g a
l
podsge r d t s f y r ntoducehi ,i phas ,i o a s i le r nm e t i e a twih ot r
a e o a el ei r
m n
es nt oc a nvio nt o nt r c t he
i a es a t s hi r adi s f r pos i e t a f r t Sec ziy Le l 5 a e nt ly,t ot r
nm t nd e t s e ne s o
s bl r ns e o trt ve
nd, ve ua l o he

non-e e ton s ti . Thes t e SL6 pods ae t Se tr l e ae Pod (G P' f
s grgai etngs
e hr e
r he cle ntgrtd
çSI ' or
)
i aes who br a r es t r m an i s gr t housng; t Secle Ali M a
nm t
e k ul o e i n e egaed
i
he
tr
led
nage nt
me

(çAM' Po f rimae v le a l t vci z to b oh r imae be a e o c g ive
:
S ' d o n ts un r be o itmiain y t e n t s c us f o nt
)
i

i pa r e or ot r f c or ; a t St p- ow n pod,f r i a es not a o i t f S1 or
m im nt
he a t s nd he e D
o nm t
ppr pra e or P
SA M .

2. M uhn m a s A lega i
m d' l tons

M ul ma sCl i 3 f us son ii 90- y I r viw hea i wih Liut na Gibe t
mm d' am oc e
ls da CA e e
rng t e e nt l r
a Co el Gi on on Fe u r 8,201 W he t y as d i M thn m a had a sa e e ,
nd uns or bs
br a y
6.
n he ke f l m d
tt m nt he
t d t m t the a ii td c
ol he ha
ntcpae ompltng t Chale Se i by mi Feb ua y a wa e t
e i he
l nce res
d- r r nd nt d o

tanse t t SAM pod be us of hi me alhe lh code a hi sdai me cal
r f r o he
ca e
s nt at
nd s e tve di ton
pr c i d f r i o ni The 1 r co me ton was howe r t t M thn a s ul
es rbe o ns m a.
CA e m ndai
,
ve , ha
l mm d ho d

rmani Le e S Go al n e p ro o sa l a j t n . ( mp . 5 ECF No 1)
e i n v l t r o g r ei d f tb e dusme t' Co l! 6,
f
'
..
M ul
mmm a fl d a i or c
d ie n nf mal ompl i a t n a r l r gre nc aboutt I S
ant nd he
egu a iva e
he CA'
r i Uni M a
ulng. t nage Dunca s
r
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t m boutt gre nc on M a c 9,201 a a ke
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rh
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i h wa t dt wi r w i. S e si ,çltwo td a y g o t k e p run i ta s ...
f e ne o t a t h ad t l n' o n o d o e p u s ig t c u e
hd
g
whe wer r a y t rla ey ut Se u y Le e 6 S p d (rt e Se Do p d wewil
n 'e e d o ee s o o c dt v l AM o o h tp- wn o )
l
n t u tlto g ' (I Mt a d r f s d t wih rw t e g iv n e a d a p ae b t
o ni h u h. J
' D
l mma e u e o t d a h re a c n p e ld, u
h
De e nt Yot e a Elm uphed t de son t ke p hi i Leve S f t tmebeng.
f nda s mc nd a
l he cii o e m n
l or he i
i
M thamm a c e t tt e a tonsby Gibe t Gi o Dt n,Younc a Elm
l
d ont nds ha hes c i
l r, bs n, mca
e, nd a
vi a e hi Four e nt A m e m e r g t o pr ed ald pr e s a a di c tons of
ol t d s
te h
nd nt i ht t oc ur ue oc s nd voi ng ondii
t

c n e n ,a t pc la sg iia thad hi ' (d.a ! 5 ) Li r l c nsnzd he i
o fn me t y ia nd in fc n r s p. I t 7. beal o t e , s
'
y
cai ng t tt s de e nt f ld t c i rhi sa e e org i va ei r co me ng not
l mi ha he e f nda s aie o onsde s tt m nt re nc n e m ndi
t tans erhi t t SA M pod ora ovi t tr c m e ton.5
o r f m o he
ppr ng ha e om nda i

5 M uhammad alo me i û eaiton' i hi dic sons oft s cai , ast c tr ogni d i an
s ntons ç tlai ' n s s us i
r
hi l m
he our ec ze n

eriro d r ( d r1 ECFNo 1 . I tec mpan isl ho v rMt mma d e n ta sr rtlaina a
al r e. Or e ,
e
. 8) n h o littet we e, l
l
ha d o s o seteaito s
lg lte r frCli 3.( e Co . 5 ECFNo 1) Moe e,h do sn tsaedip tdfcsso n ta
e a h o y o am
S e mpl! 7,
. . rov r e e o tt s ue at h wig h t

tedfn at dcd do Ferlr 8t k e Mu a da Lee Sb cueo alwsio Fivnc.Th , e
h eedns eie n bt y o ep h mma t v l ea s f a ut r ea e ush
a
fist sae ar t la i cl m r lt t t tcl sfcai de son orhi a
al o tt e aiton ai eaed o ha as ii ton cii
s ppeal oft tdecmon. SeeAda ,40
s ha i
ms

F.da 7 (o cu o yalgainso rtlaind n tsaea to a l j1 3ca n .
3 t 4 c n ls r l to f eait o o tt cin be 98 lh )
e
o
20

3.De e ntsEvi nc
f nda '
de e
I s
n uppor oft def nda s m o i n,Gibe tsa est tsnc ç he Cha lng Se is i a
t he e nt ' to
l r tt ha i e l
t
le e re s
c nii ba e pr n ,ofe r who i urc r s a c i t ha be vi pr e ,
og tve s d ogr m f nde s
nc ha ge nd ontnue o ve ha or obl ms
a e c i r d t ha not l a ned ne t
r onsde e o ve
er
w hought pa tr a s i s ls as t ug by t
te ns nd ocal kil
a ht
he

p o rm'a dma ber q ie t sa t v rwi tefrtwok o ( le t f !6 ECF No
r g n ' n y e ur d o tr o e t h is r bo k. Gib r Af. ,
h
.
3 - . Gib r sae t a by si a yo t wok o i no alwe , n s mei mae mu t
2 1) l e t tts h t pa sng n f he rbo ks s t l d a d o n ts s
o
r pe tt s re s ve a tm e be o e e ua o s fnd t y ha mase ed t be vi c nge
e a he ei s e r l i s f r val t r i he ve t r he ha or ha s
a s ls r quie t move t a Le l 6 saus Co tr c ds r fec t t pds ofi i s
nd kil e r d o
o
ve
t t . ur e or el t ha
on fcal
pr vi usy r quied M lhn m a t r pe tt Chal nge Se s be nni i M a 201 a he
e o l e r
z m d o e a he
le
de gi ng n y
4, nd
s d t m uns c s ul ove a lged due pr es vi a i . Se M uha a v.M a he ,No.
ue he
uc es f ly r le
oc s oltons e
mm d
t na

7:4CV0 5 9 2 7W L 3 5 2 , t*12 ( . Va J n 2 , 01 )
1
0 2 , 01
9 2 5 a - W D. . a . 7 2 7 .
AtM tha a s a a 1 r vi w ofhi good tme e r ng r t o Fe ua y 1 201
l mm d' mm l CA e e
s
i a ni a e n br r , 6,
Gibe tr c
l r e omm e d t the s ul r mai a t l s r t Le l4. I s doi Gibe t
nde ha
ho d e n t he owe t ae, ve
n o ng, l r
r le o r or s w i t durng t pr vi us ye r M uha
ei d n ec ds ho ng hat i he e o
a,
mmad ha r ei d t
d ec ve wo
dicplna y c r s f t e t ni bodiy ha m a t mpe
s i i r ha ge or hr a e ng
l r nd n dng wih s c y de c s ha
t e udt vi e , d
d c e 40 poit on hi e r i c a sa s s m e ,ha r cevedpoorsat r viws a di not
t or d
s
ns
s n nng l s s e s nt d e i
t us e e , nd d

a h e eli n n a g as' ( l e t f ! 1 ) F rt e esmer a o , t u a d ss c rt
c iv l n u l o l. Gib r Af. 2. o h s n e s ns a M h mma ' e u iy
s
'
sa us r vi w on Fe u y 8,Gibe tr c
tt e e
br ar
l r e omm e d t the was notye r ady f Le l6 a
nde ha
te
or ve
nd

n e e ato g rp ro o sa ea j t n ' (d. t! 1 . M t n d do sn td s u et
e d d l n e ei d f tbl dusme t' I a 3) l mma e o ip t Ms
l
6
h
e de e.
vi nc
6 Gibetsae t tM tha
l r tts ha l mmad c
ompltd Book 7 oft Chalnae Sei i e l M a c 2016> a hi
ee
he le
res n ary r h
nd s
c el r c
ouns or e omme d hi r ucin 9om Leve S i M a 2016 t be n t frtphas oft St Down pod.
nde s ed to
l n y
o gi he ls
e he epBeor hi r las ,howe r M uha
f e s ee e
ve,
mmad r ei d new dicplnay c r f t e e ng bodiy ha m t any
ec ve
s i i r ha ges or hr atni
l r o
pe s a t e t ng t s t or ta fr bodiy wase o any pe s
ron nd hr aeni o pi
r nse
l
t n
ron. Bas d on t e c ges ofk il
e
hes har , t as

rcmmed dta h sa ln e i Lee S.I altrpedng Muhmma asrsta teedsi i F c re
eo n e ht e ty o grn v l n ae la i , a d set h th s icpl hag s
na
weertl tr ( .sMo. l J 6 ECFNo 3 ) b t a n t v dt a ndtec mpan t a dt ssp rt
r eai o y Pl
a
' tSl
mm. . ,
. 4 , u h s o mo e o me h o lito d hl e aae
rt iton cai .
eala i l m

4.No Pr t c e Li ry I e es
o e t d be t nt r t
Pr ed a due pr ce s cai s i t pds co e ha t c pone s Fis,t
oc ur l
o s l m n he
on nt xt ve wo om
nt . r t he
c tm us de e mi whehe t i ae ha apr t tbl lbe t i e es i a di t m or
our
t t r ne
t r he nm t s
o eca e i ry nt r t n voi ng he
e
srnge c tonsofc i d co i m e i s gr a i I lm a v.Stri 791F. 51
ti nt ondii
ontnue nfne nt n e eg ton. ncl a
ilng,
3d 7,

5 6 (t Ci. 01 ) l t eimaeha n p oe tbelb ry itr s, h nh h sn fd r l i h
2 4 h r 2 6 . f h n t s o r tca l i e t ne et t e e a o e ea rg t
t a pa tc a pr ed z a pr e to ,or i ot r w o ds no pr es i d . Se W ili on v.
o ny r i ul r oc tr l ot c i ns
n he
r ,
oc s s ue
e lcns

Au tn, 45U. 2 9 2 ( 0 5 (G en e ra hteq sino wh t o e si d eo l i t
si 5
S. 0 , 21 2 0 ) t e d e c h ueto f a pr c s s u n y f he
W
i mae etbih a c n t uinal p o e td l ry itr s ....) A saer g lto ma
n ts sa ls o si to l r tce i t n ee t
t
y
be
' . tt e uain y
'
c e t a po e illbe t i t r ti a di a pa tc a s t o co to ,butt ti e e ti
r ae
t nta i ry n e es n voi ng
riul r e f ndii ns
ha nt r s s
c tt i ly pr t ctd onl i t c to pr e G t pia a sgzii a ha ds p
onsiutona l o e e
y f he ondii ns es nt ç y c l nd i lfc nt r hi
a

c mpae t t e p ce c ndto o gh imae s p io s ne e' Sa dn v. n e,51
o rd o he x e td o i ns f t e n t'j rs n e tnc . n i Co n r 5
i
'
U. 47 48 - 4 ( 9 5 .I ap oe tbl lb ry itrs e it,t e te c t'mu te lae
S. 2, 3 8 1 9 ) f r tca e ie t ne et x ss h n h out s vau t
whehe t i t r eve a quaepr e st pr e tt ti t r t I lm a ,791F. a 526.
t r he nma e ec i d de t oc s o ot c ha n e es. ncl a
3d t
I ot r ca e fld by Le l S i t i t se down pr m m , t s c zt has
n he s s e
ve
nma es n he t p
og
hi olr
c ude t ti t s do notha aco tt i l pr eced lbe t i e es i bei r l s d
oncl d ha nma e
ve
nsiutonaly ot t i ry nt r t n ng eea e
fom Le S, be us lvi c tons f r s h i a e do no quaiy a G t ca a
r
vel
ca e i ng ondii
o uc nm t s
t
lf s ç ypi l nd
a
sgrii a har hi 'unde Sa n. Se e:. Oba ayeA la v.Vigi a De t of Co1 . No.
i tfc nt ds p'
r ndi
e, . , t i - lh
r ni p'
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7:5 0 3 ,2 6 W L 5 5 0 ,a * 0 ( . Va S p .2 , 1 )(o e , ., f s bno
1 CV0 2 0 01
41 9 6 t 1 W D. . e t 8 20 6 J n s J) afd u m.
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ti eAla . a k , . 6 7 3 2 7
8 8 8 4h r M y 2 7 . c r i l,
Le lSi t ha t a tona ecam unde j1 3t ta pariulrpr e lalpr e ton
ve nmaes ve G ci bl li
no
r 98 ha ny tc a oc dtr otci
i c tt tonaly r quie dudng t OP 830. c a stc ton pr edi . l The co t
s onsiu i l e r d
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A l s ii a i
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'
ur
r ac d t s m e c l i ns o M uhn m ad' due pr e s c ai i N o. 1
e he he n
onc us o n
m
s
oc s l m n
7: 4CV 00529.

Ba e on t s md r as ng oft Obaai - l h de son a r lt d ca e ,7lke s ,
sd
he ot e oni
he
t ye Ala cii nd ea e s s i wie
t c tc ude i t pr e c et tM uhamm a hasno pr eced lbe t i er s i be ng
he our oncl s n he es nt as ha
d
ot t i ry nt e t n i
r l a e f o Le lS,bec us c tonst r a e no a ypi lco pa e t c tonsf c by
e e s d ' m ve
r
a e ondii he e r t t ca m r d o ondii a ed
i aesi t ge r prs n po a i W ihouta pr t c e lbe t i e e t he hasno f de al
nm t n he ne al io pulton. t
o e t d i ry nt r s ,
e r
rg t pa tc a pr e les o o c e a t pe c r vi ws o hi cas ik a i sa ts
i ht o riulr oc dtr r ut om s t he dodi e e
f s l st ton t tz
t r OP 830. Thus e n i M tha a c d pr t tt de e
mde
A.
, ve f l mm d oul ove ha he f ndan s f ie t c i
t a ld o onsder
M uhn m a s sae e a gre nce i r ac ng or a ovi t Fe ta y 8 de ii n t
m d' t tm nt nd i va
n e hi
ppr ng he brlr
c so o
r co me hi r tnton a Le l S,t s om iso do not i i t any c tt i ly
e m nd s ee i t ve
he e
s i ns
mplcae
onsiutonal

pr ecedrghta aenota tona eunde j1 3. M orove ,e n i t dee nt vi ae
ot t i nd r
ci bl
r 98
e r ve f he fnda s oltd
OP 830. or ot r VDOC polces i wha t consde e i maki t r de i i s h
A
he
ii n
t hey
i rd n
ng hei c son, uc
vi a i ns o sa e lws a r gul to do not gi ds t a f der lc am aci bl t r
olto f t t a
nd e ai ns
ve e o ny e a l i
tona e mde

j 1 8 . Rico 9 7 F. a 1 6 . Th s t d fn a t a ee t ldt s
9 3 c i , 0 2d t 4 9 u ,he ee d n s r n i e o umma yj g n a a
t
r ud me t s
matro 1w o Cli 3, n M u a d' moinf rs mmayj d me t s b d n e a t
te f a n am a d h mma s to o u r u g n mu t e e id s o
t sc a r
hi l in.
E. Cl m 4: Ti e Eye G l s e
ai
nt d
ass
1 M uha m a sA le tons
.
m d' l ga i

Afe M uha a wa a tc d by a he i a ei J nua y 201 a hes f r d a he
tr
mm d s ta ke
not r nm t n a r
3 nd
uf e e
ad

ij r ,h b g n e p re cn d u l v so bu r dvlin a d e e b ifp do so bi d e s
nu y e e a x ein i g o b e iin, lre so , n v n re e d f ln n s
i oneorbo h e s l 201 a e s i ls di nos hi wih t
n
t ye . n 4, n ye pec ait ag ed m t t r s ns y s nstviy t
hype - e or e ii t o

al brghtlghtng a nat a lg i ' (
1 i i i nd tl l ihtng. Compl! 65. Si et hea ij y,M uhn
r
'
. ) nc he d nur
mmadhas

7 Se c ne al Dek v. Yo n e No 71 CV0 6 3, 01 WL 1 1 2 a * ( . Va Ma.1 2 7 ;
e e r lv l
u c , . :4 0 4 2 7
01 51 , t 9 W D. . r 4, 01 )

De oav Va De to Co , . 1 c 6 2( D. . p. , 6,Ca a v. ake No 7 1 c 6 ( .
pa l . . p' f m No 7:4 v 9 W. Va Se t28 201) n da Clr , . :5 v 5 W D.
.
Va S p. , 6;Vea q e v. . p' o Co , .7:5 v1 7 ( . Va S p. 7, 01 ) Bat v. ak ,
. e t27 201) lz u z Va De t f m No 1 c 5 W D. . e t2 2 6 ; te Clre
No 7:5 v1 8( . Va S p . 7 2 6 ; clv. ake No 7 1 c 5 ( . Va S p.2 , 6;Mu ui v
. 1 c 5 W D. . e t 2 , 01 ) Vii Clr , . :5 v1 9 W D. . e t 7 201 ) k ra .
Clre No. 1 c 7 ( . .Va S p.2 20 6;Banadv Clre No 7:5 v 6 ( . Va S p . 6 2 6;
ak , 7:5 v12 W D . e t 7, 1 ) r r . ak , . l c 1 0 W D. . e t 2 , 01 )
Fas nv. ak , . 1 c 5 0( . . . e t26 20 6.
io Clr e No 7:5 v 3 W D Va S p . , 1 )
23

a s e de d f e nt m i a ne he dac t t he bei ve a e a a t by t brght
lo xpe nce r que
gr i
a hes ha
le s r ggr vaed
he i
lg i i hi c l a Red Oni f rm os oft da l 201 a s i itdignos d hi wih
ihtng n s e l t
on o
t he y. n
5, pecals a
e m t
pos - onc son s om e and r c m e
t c us i
yndr
e om nded G lo i a m a s um oxi ' f t
ç r ntn nd
net
gne i
de ' or he

h a a h p i (d. Be a eo Muh mma sh so yo kd e p o lms ho v r h c n o
e d c e an. J ) c us f a d' it r f in y r b e , we e, e n n t
s f l tket eandm a ot rpai media i f hi mi anes
a e y a hes
ny he n
c tons or s gr i .
On Fe a y 22,201 M thn a ha an a nt e wih Dr Owe ,an opt m e rs .
bnz r
6, l mm d d
ppoi m nt t .
ns
o tit
Afe e ani t smedialhit y,he t d Dr Owe t thi c r nte gl s espr s rpton
tr xpl i ng hi
c sor
ol .
ns ha s ure ye a s
e ci i
wa f r20 pe ce tnt d l ns st tdi notbl k o e
s o
r nt i e e e ha d
oc ut nough lghtt l s en hi hea c pan.
i o es
s da he i

He ake Dr Owe t p e c e Gh ma mt n u to g e tn al we ' (d) 2 t 2
s d . ns o rs db t e xi l mo n f ry it lo d' L= , 3 o 9
t
m
p r e t( . t S mm. . , No 3 ) u a dcamst ta ohe Re Oz o i mae
e c n P1 Mo . u J 8 ECF . 4 .M h mma li ha n t r d l n n t
i
ha be n pr de wih 23pe c nttnt d lns s
d e ovi d t
re i e e e.

Dr Owe s si ,G se n p o lm r m iln jt eo d r f rt e ma i l n t o
. n ad t e o r be e tig h r es o h xmtm momt f
I
g e tn f ry u. (d. Th n, ec c dM u mma se e a d o d r d t / p im h rz na
ry it o o ' l ) e h he ke ha d' y s n r ee t 2 rs o io tl
'
1

a dv ria l st h l wi 'teèo bl vso (d)W h nMu mma rc ie Msgas s
n et li o ep t 'h u e iin. l. e ha d e ev d lse
c ne
h
i M a c 201 t y we e o y 20 pe c nt tnt d. He fld a i o l c
n
rh
6, he
r nl
re i e
ie n nf nna ompl n ,a t
ait nd he
doc orss c ea y,Pa t Ha l s r s nde G .Owe pr s rbed you t a
t ' e rtr
ti res , e po d: ç
Dr
ns e c i
he mountoftntt
i hat
bou hi s ue
h f l y u n e e ' (d. Mt mma s r ulr gdevance a t t s i s w as deem ed
e et o e d d. I ) l
'
hn d' eg a
lf
m ounde and hi a
d,
s ppea w a uns c s ul
l s uc es f .

l Cl i 4,M thn a s Dr Owe f rde i r t i fe e et li s rousm e c
n am
l mm d ues .
ns o lbe a e ndif r nc o ls e i
dial
needs. H e al s H arl s and Fr Schilngs VD OC H ealh Servi Di ect . These
so ues
es
ed
li ,
t
ces r or

de e n s ha fl m otonst di m i s
f nda t ve ied
i
o s s.

2.No Ei ht Am e e Vi a i
g h
ndm nt ol ton
ç elbe a e i if r nc t a i t s s dous medial ne ds c tt t c e a
r i r t nd fe e e o n nma e' e
c
e
onsiu es nz l nd

t s a plih ntmd rt Ei hhAme me t' J c o v. g te ,7 5F.d 1 0 1 8( t
mu u l ns me t e he g t
nd n . a ks n Li hs y 7 3 7 , 7 4h
'
Ci. 01 )(iigEsel v. mb e 4 9U..9 ,1 4 (9 6 ) rt t ei maemus s o t t
r 2 4 ctn tle Gn l, 2 S 7 0 1 7 ).Fis, h n t
t h w ha
t eme ia c n iina is ewa o j ci ey sro s t a i,çn t t a be nda n s db a
h dc l o d to t su s b e tv l ei u - h t s ç e ha h s e ig o e y
o
physca a m a tng te t nto o t ti s o oust te n a 1 y pe s woul ea iy
i in s nda i r a me r ne ha s o bvi ha ve
a r on
d sl

r c g ie te ne e st f ra d co ' atn in. I o v S r v ,5 5 F. 2 5 2 ( t Ci.
e o nz h c siy o o trs te to ' k . h e e 3 3d 2 , 41 4h r
'
20 8 (nena q o ai n mak o te ) Se o d, o p o e d l rt i ifr n e t ei mae
0 ) itr l u tto r s mitd . c n t r v ei ae ndfee c , h n t
be
m us s
t how t tt de e nthad t t l ...knowl dge ofbot t i t s s rousm e ca
ha he f nda
û ua
ac
e
h he nma e' e i
di l

c ndto a dt ee c si rs p s db teo fca ' gwn a to o i cin' n rs o d d
o i n n h x e sve ik o e y h f ils o ) cin r na to 'a d e p n e
i
t ea o bl t t trs J c on,775 F. a 1 (ii Fame ,511U. a 837) TMs
mr s na y o ha ik. a ks
3d t 78 ctng r r
S. t
.

c mp n n r q rs p o f o itn b y n mee n g ie c ,ew r i j g n ,i d e tn
o o e t e uie r o f n e t e o d r e lg n e l s n ud me t na v re t
ove sg s or dia ee nt a
riht,
s gr me s boutt prs rs 'e t ntpln. J Mtha d' cl m
he ione ' t ame a Z
r
l mma s ai
agans Dr Owe f l on bot f c t oft ssa a d.
i t .
ns ais
h a e s hi t nd r
M thn ma doe no s
l m d s t how a s rousm ed c ne f adif r ntl nspr s rpton t n he
ei
i al ed or fe e e
e c i i ha
r eve fom Dr Owe . The r co d i de d ofe de e t ta doc orhm f md t si
ec i d r
.
ns
e r s voi
vi nc ha ny t
s ot he lght

i r as i tn t tM uhn a r quese t be m e cal ne es a y f hi vi i orhe c
nc e e n i t ha
mm d e t d o
di ly c s r or s son
ada he

p o lms Mu a do fr i s p r o hi cam: a hsly n' o i int a lns sd r e
r b e . h mma fes n u po t f s li ( ) i a ma s p no h t e e ak r
t n 20 pe c ntmihtalvit hi he da hepan a ( t doco ' comme befr t e
ha
re
a le ae s a c
i nd b) he trs
nt o e he ye
e mi ton t the s t prblm'a t ttmewih or dng adake tnt (
xa nai ha
aw t o e ' t ha i
no
t de
r r i . Compl ! 65.
. )
The e f c s s
s a t how,a t mos,M uhn ad' desr f a da kertn . Se Bowrna v.Godwi
t he
t
mm s ie or
r it e
i
n,

5 1F.d 4 ,4 (t Ci.1 7 )( lig t tGhee s nilts i o o me ia n c s i a
5 2 4 8 4 h r 9 7 hodn ha û s e ta e t s ne f d c l e e st nd
t
y
no smpl t twhihma bec i rdmeey de ia e'.
t i y ha c y onsdee r l sr bl'
)

M or i pora l M tha a s s isons do not s
e m tnty, l mm d' ubm s i
how t t Dr Owen w a
ha
.
s
dei r t y i fe e tt hi m e c lne ds The doc o di no i no ehi c
lbe ael ndif r n o s di a e .
t r d t g r s ompl i sa afe
ant nd, tr

e n nn h se e , r srb dtn e ln e t tweeas a j se t alv aehsd u l vso
x miig i y s p e c ie itd e s s ha r lo du td o le it i o be iin
pr e . M thn m a s di s ts a ton w ih t tnt of hi l ns s i no li m or t n a
obl m
l m d' s a i f c i
t he i
s e e s tlng
e ha

ds me me t t ted co ' p o e so a j d me t a d s c ds g e me t aen ta to a e
ia e n wih h o trs r f sin l u g n , n u h ia re n s r o cin bl
unde j 1
r 983. Acc di l t co tc udest tDr Owe s moton t dimismus be
or ngy, he ur oncl
ha . n'
i o s s
t
gr nt
a ed.
The c twila s gr ntt o he de enda s moton t d s isast Cli 4. Ha l s
our l l o a he t r f nt ' i o im s
o am
res

c ul dg tul rl o Dr Owe s j d me tr g r ig te a p o rae c u s o te t n f r
o d hf l ey n . n ' u g n e a dn h p r p it o re f rame t o
y
M uha ma s vii r l t d is s Se Shakka 71 F. at1
m d' son-e a e s ue . e
,
3d
67. Sc li ,i hi s pe vs y
hilngs n s u r ior

r easa VDOC ad nitaor c d be hed la eunde j1 i e de e s d t the
ol
mi srt , oul
l ibl
r 983 f vi nc howe ha
c mit s m e aci n or om iso t t c e a s di t s vi ai n of M uha a s
om ted o
to
s i n ha aus d
ubor nae' ol to
mm d'

c nsiuin lrg t.S eS w v. to ,1 F.d 7 , 98 8 0 (t Ci.1 9 ) M l a d'
o t to a ih s e ha S rud 3 3 91 7 - 0 4 h r 9 4 . z mma s
t
h
s bmisons do notm a any s h s
u si
ke
uc howi
ng. The e or ,t c ur wil de hi m oton f
r f e he o t l ny s
i or

sl r u g n a t Cli 4
l
mmayj d me t s o am .
11
1.

Fo t er a o sae t ec u twi d n Ml mma smo in f rsl r j d me t
r h e s ns ttd, h o r l e y z
l
ha d' to o l
mma y u g n
a t a1cams Th c u twilg ml Dr S t ' moi n f rsl r j d me t b s d o
s o l li . e o r l r t . mih s to o l
mmay u g n , a e n
M uhn a s f itr t e us hi a i sr tve r m e e pr ry r r ng hi o y cli
mm d' alle o xha t s dm nita i e di s ope l ega di
s nl a m
a i t Dr Sm ih. The c t w il gr nt t non- e c de e nt ' m o i f s z m a y
ga ns
.
t
our l a he
m di al f nda s
ton or lm r

j d me ta t Cli 2 a d 3 a t a1d fn a t e c p a t te c ne to i Cli 2 ta
u g n s o ams n
s o 1 ee d n s x e t s o h o tn in n am h t
Tr nt Huf ,a Ba ks l i
e , f nd r da e mpos d s c depr ca i o M thn madt r t la ea i tli
e uii
e utons n l m
o e ai t ga ns lm

26

f re csng li Fis Am e e trghtt pe ii n f r dr s . Fi ly,t co twilg a t
o xer ii zs r t
ndm n i o tto or e e s nal he ur l ' nt he
r

de e nt 'm o i nst d s isa t Cl i s1a 4.An a o it or rwilis t sda
f nda s to o im s s o am
nd
ppr pra e de l s ue hi y.
The Cl k i diede t s nd c e oft s m e a
er s r d o e opi s
hi
mor ndmn opi o a a ompa ng
ni n nd cc
nyi
o de t pl i ifa t c
r r o antf nd o ouns lofr or f t de e
e
ec d or he f ndant.
s

E E Ths Z dyo Au ut2017.
NT R: i
a f gs
,

Unied St t Diti tJ
t
aes src udge