Pelletier v. Clarke

Filing 12

MEMORANDUM OPINION. Signed by District Judge Michael F. Urbanski on 5/25/2017. (slt)

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CLERKB OFFI U.S. DI COURT CE SX AT RG NOKE, VA FI LO I TRE UN I N TED STATES DI STRI COURT CT MA 25 2 1 ï 27 FO R TH E W E STER N ; I D STRI O F W RGI I CT N A ROAN OV DI SION W J BYU ; . D L CL EY ERK ' CL I ERK Y RU SSELL AD AM PELLETI R, E Pettoner ii , ) ) ) ) ) ) ) V. H ARO LD W .CT ARK E, R es pbndent . CASE N O .7: 16CV00322 M E M O RAN D U M O PI ION N By:H on.M i haelF.U t c bansd l Unie St t sDiti tJ t d a e src udge Rus e lPe lde ,a Vig ni i a e pz eelng pm . ,Sld t speddon % r a wztof s l le r z i a nm t oc ri K e hi i . ha a c m us pu s ntt 28U. C. 2 4 c l n i g t vaiiyofhi c me nton a be s o , rua o S. j 25 , hal gn he l t e d s onf me j g ntby t Lo s Co t Cic i Co t Repo e t fld a modo t ds s ud me he uia uny rut ur. s nd n l e n o imis Pelte ' j 2 5 pe i a Pelde ê s e ,ma ig t e matrdpe f r ds sdo l irs 2 4 dt nd l r epond d kn h te e on, e o ipo i n. A fe r vi w of t t or t c tconcudes t Pel rs pedton i tm e ba r d and tr e e h: ec d, he our l hat lede ' i s i - te pntil pr dur ly defule t ltng t m odon t dinas t be gr nt d. - al oce a l a t d, eqlii he r y o s is o a e 1. Backgê ound l 20 1 aLo iaCo yCic tCoztj yc vce Pelde offt o fnssrpe n 0 , us unt rui lr ut on itd l r ou fe e :a , e c pia m ut dutng t c m i son ofot s eque t t pe us ofa fr t dutng t a t l der i he om si ubs nt o a , e tén m i he c m ison ofm ur r a pos e son ofa ft nt by a convit f l om s i de , nd s si te ' m c ed e on. On N ove be 4, m r 2002,t ct tc zts nt nc Pele rt lf f r pe,lf f c pia m lt t t eeyea s he icui ott e e ed l de o ie or a ie or a t l zde , ht r f ilgalus ofa fr a m ,and t ye r f ilga pos es i ofa fr t .Thec r ui c t or le e le r wo a s or le l s son tea' m ic t our as de e Pel rs M oéon t Se A sde Pel de a a e : but t Vigi a Courtof lo nid lede ' o t i . le r ppe l d, he r ni Appe l afimed li conviéonsa t Vigi a Supt m e Cout r f e f t zr viw on a s ft ls c nd he r ni e ' e us d urhe e e t J ne4 2 0 u , 0 4. 1Pel de a ald alofli co c le r ppe e l ls nvi éonse e f pos es i ofa fr r by a c i t d f l n. xc pt or s son tea m onv c e e o A fe t t Pelde fld a sat ha aspe t r ha , le t te t e be ddon i t Louia Count Cic tCour, n he s y r ui t whih wasdim is d i 2005. Pel de a ae t habe de ta,butt Vigni Supr m e c s se n le r ppe ld he as ril he r i a e Colr r f ed hi pe ii zt e us s tton. Pel de ne fld a f de a ha a ac le r xt te e r l be s don,w hih t ditit c zt dim is d wih c he s tc olr s s e t prjdieil2 07 I 2 08 t Fol t Cic tCo ' ofAp zsd ne Pelde' a a eu c t 0 . n 0 , he l h rui ut r t pe e id l ts ppel e a t Supr m eCour de e c r a i nd he e t nid e dor t. I 201 Pel iê fl a f oton t Va at Ba e Upon Fr ud on t Cour' i t n 3, lete ied f i o c e s d M a he t' n he Louia Cot t Cic t Cour, r ii t sngl c m : T t i unde a e t t t ti l s m y r ui t asng he i e hi f s l nibl ha he ta pr e orf brca e e de f t cour t r l upon a t ta c i spr t s The os cut a i t d vi nce ot he t o ey nd he t ns rpt ove hi. c onvi t c bnsofAda Pel de we e f m le t r ounded upon,T r ud on t Cot and t sconduc by a he ut' hi t m hat he ec ot i t Pz e utrrndee tej g nt vod' Peleder cbi ed t t pros ut led at he osc o e rd h ud me s i. l ' ti l r ga di t a s i of dog ta l e dence ' Louia Count Cic t Cour ta e t ng he dmi son t i vi . Fhe s y r ui t dir s e t pe snis d he ddon a untm ey a wihout m e i. Pel irs s equent a a w a s i l nd t rt lete ' ubs ppe l s r us by t Vig ni Supt m e Cour and t Unie St e Supr m e Cour de e ef ed he r i a e q he t d at s e t nid c o or r f a s cond tm e i 201 e a i or e i n 4. A lo i 2013,Pelde fld a s cond f z lha s i t dit t c t whih t s n le t te e ede a bea n he s dc our, c he c t ds se i 20 4be a et pe nwa s c e sveun t2 U.. j2 4 ou' imis d n 1 c us he ddo s u c si de 8 SC. 2 4. t I 2015 Pe n , zeder f ed ye a he sa e ha s petdon i t Vig ni Supr m ç E t not z t t bea i n he r i a e Cou t wb c t ec utd s se s s nt und rVa Codej80 - 5 ( () r, i h h ot imis d ua po e e . .1 6 4A)2 . Pel de t hld a t t f de a ha a i 2015,r ii t e i f e éve as it nce le r hen e hid e r l be s n a sng ht e ne f c ss a cli s a a cnm ofpr ec odalm ic om nd li os ut s onduct The c ztdimi s t pe . olr s s ed he ddon be a e c us , onc a an, h pe n wa s c e sv u e 28U.. j2 4 e g i t e ddo s u c sie nd r SC. 2 4. 2 W ihoutr evi a horza t ec i ng ut i don fom t Fourh Cic t Cout ofAppe l,Pel r t he t r ui t a s lede fld hs p e e pei f r awrto ha a c u o Jme 1 ,2 1 ,li f u t fde a t i r s nt t e don o i f be s om s n t 6 0 6 ls o rh e r l pe M on. Pel iralgest f l ng: t lete le he olowi 1. Acm a im oce e: Pel de was hom e whe t vi i , Ai e M e lt nc le r n he ctm m e adows wa s lilc; cl(l ) Ac a i m l nnoce e:M iha lTa orst tm ony s d notha be n excude nc c e yl ' esi houl ve e l d; Thept sc tri e onal de eve t jd ,a t lc u e wa i fedv o e uo ntnd l c i d he u ge nd da o nsl s nefc e y frno o jc ngt t p osc t ' flesae nt; o t be é o he r e uozs as ttme s Pel rs s a e ent obt i d by Se n Lam b,who wor a wie a t t ques of leie ' t t m s ane a e r t he e t lw e ot m e , we e t r s t of put e ly get a nf ce nt r he e ul pos 6zl dng Pel r drl a lede lnk nd o e o rn lswi. Tra c nslwa i fe d frfing t o e tt te v m weig n l il ou e s nefc ve o al o bjc o h i l i c le éon ofs a e e sf om Pelte a us oft s a e e sa ti ; ' lc o t t m nt r le ir nd e he t t m nt t tal 5. Louiapolc c t ed M ar St nly t wrt a f le sa e e ; s ie oe c k a e o ie a s t t m nt 6 Tra c u e wa i fedvefrno q s nigj r a utan ws pe ntce . il o nsl s nefc o t uedo n t s bo uo e pa r til; a nd The Pr e udon id not pr e e nc t esa ih t c i of cus ody os ç es nt dde e o t bls he han t r ga di a bl e r ng ood dr w whe i i r a n t ntoduc D NA e de e. Tra c ed vi nc i l ouns lwas e i f dve f noti dga nefec or nves dng t s hi. I I. Ti em Bar Pel rs cni sar dm e ba r d. U nde t A nt-e r im Efe lede ' l m e - re r he it r ors f cdve D e h Pe ly at nat Ac ( t AEDPA) aoney a pe d o l td f zf d r lh b a c musr nsfom t lt s , - e r do f i a on o e e a a e s o mi u r he ae t 3 ( t dae o wlih t jd me bea f lby t c cuso of A) he t n lc he u g nt c me ma he on l in die r vi w o.t e r don oft dm e f s ki s h z e r ct e e r he xpia he or ee ng uc eviw; ( t dae on wlc t i dme tt fl g a a pl ain ce td by B) he t l h he mpe i n o ln n p i to r ae i i c St t a don i vi adon of t Cons uton or lws of t Unie St t s i ae c n ol he dt i a he td ae s t m ove i t à ia wa pt ve ed fom flngby s h St t ac e d, f he pplc nt s e nt r li uc a e éon; ( t d t on wlih t c dt to l rg t a sre wa i dal C) he ae lc he ons u ina ih se td s ni l y r ogni d by t Supr m e Cour,i t dght ha bee ne y r ogni ed by ec ze he e t f he s n wl ec z t Supr m e Cour a m a z t oac l a i a e t c e on colat r l he e t nd de e r évey pplc bl o as s l ea r vi w ;or e e (7 t d t o whih t fc l pr d c t of t c m o cams 1) he ae n c he a ma e iae he bi r li pr ent coul ha bee dic r d t oug t e t ieofdueHii e. es ed d ve n s ove e hr h he xe cs lgenc 2 U.. j2 4 d () 8 SC. 2 4()1. A ddi ly,a peddone c n ft l't f de alha s sam e of lm ia donal r a fol' he e t bea t t i t éon i t n wo w a :sa t y t lng a e t bl t lng. St at yt lng occ swhe a pe ys t m or oli nd quia e oli atzor oli ut n ddone flsa r te sat ha s pet t e bea don wihi t f de al sa ut of lm ia i pe i t n he e r t t e i t ton rod. The f de a ha as e r l be s a tt oflm ia t tze i t don i t n t ld f t dut don oft sa e ha aspr eci 28 U . C. s he ole or he a he t t be oce lng. S. j 2 44d() Eq ia etlng o c r ony i ape do r s wsd()t the ha be n 2 ()2 . utbl ol c u s l f d ne ho <1 ha i < s e pu szn lsr scl e ty a ()t ts e to dnaycrl tnc soo i lswa ' rl g l kht li nl, nd 2 ha ome xta r i r icl a e t d n n y i i ig ms i a ptve e H l fl p' Holndv.Fl i ,5 0U. 6 , 49( 1 )(u igPaev. nd e ntd mey ln ' la i orda 6 S. 31 6 20 0 q otn c Di l l ,5 , S. 8 41 (0 ). Gu i mo 44 U. 40 , 8 2 05) e La ty,t U nied St t Supr m e Cour ha al sl he t a es e t s lowed f f r lr vi w of untm ey or ede a e e i l a o p oc d t l d fule pe do wh n t pe ne ma e a c l r be cnm of nd/ r r e u al e a td é ns e he ddo r k s o o a l li y a t a i e eund rMc g m v.Pelns 1 S.Ct 1 2 (01 )a S hu v. l c u l nnoc nc e ouig ' rd , 33 . 9 4 2 3 nd c l Deo, 5 3U. 2 8 ( 9 5 .Ho ve,f ra a t a i c nc pe Yon 1 S. 9 1 9 ) we r o n c u lnno e e t g o be c e b e s c a c m r q ie peiine t s po thi alg don o t q r dil, u h bi e ur s tto t o up r s le a s f c dt ons udona e r wih n w rl l Y f ' whe he i be e ul t y l r or t e ei e irrab d t r t xc pa or s i ndf e dence t t - e wines a ount, or c i l physca c e k vi , ruswothy ye t s cc f s rdca i l e de e t twasnotpr e e a til Be us s h e de e i obvi l vi nc - ha es nt d t ta . ca e uc vi nc s ousy una i bl i t v s mao iy ofc s s c/msofa ma i noc nc a er rl val e n he a t j rt a e , li a c l n e e r aey s c s al uc es f . 4 S hu ,5 3U. a 3 4 (mphai a e ) c l 1 S. t 2 e ss dd d . The c r ui cour c c ed Pe lée i 2002,he concuded diec r viw i 2004,hi ic t t onvi t le r n l t te e n s sat ha s pr ee ng e d i 2006, and li fr t f r l ha as wa dim is d wih t e bea oc di nde n ns ts ede a be s s se t prj iei 20 7 Pelde dd no fet prsn a do unt 20 6 Hei no eii efr eudc n 0 . le r i t i he ee t c n i 1 . l l s t l bl o g sat or t lng c i rng li sa e pr e ngs e t ut y oli onsde i ls t t oc edi nded a hnos a de de a a he does t ca go, nd n sdsya ofte e c pdo lcrl tnc sund rj 2 4 d () Fltle,heha no ot a f ny h x e na icx a e ms e 2 4()1' nt t . 'n s t s hown t the i endted t equia e t lng;he hasnotofe ed a pr t the pt ued ha s l o t bl oli f r ny oof ha ys hi dght Hii nty ort ta cr sa e pt ve e hi fm ey flng,es c al i lghtof s s lge l ha ny icum t nc e nt d s i l li pe i ly n i li pr vi pe ls e ous ddons . Fi ly,Pelde has f ie t pr f r any ne r ibl e de e r ga ci hi ac ua nal le r al d o ofe w ela e vi nc e rlng s t l i nnoc nce I i m a s l- e v ng sa e e s do not f ' t bass of a f e . ' s ny ef s r i t t m nt I ot he m i unda ent l m a micrig ofj dc . < pemi s h sl-e vn tsi yt s fc wo d stt ba sara e us ez d t t uc efsr ig etmon o ufie ul e he r To ço 1 w t tv t al e r (c li noc nc jc ma twoud pa st r u h i. Ku nz lv. s o ha if al vey a ma n e e bi n n y l s h o g t' e e ' Al n,8 0F.S pp.2 1 6 ,1 8 ( D. a 2 09 (uo gHu r v. nc k 3 8F. l 0 e u d 1 2 1 1 N. Al. 0 ) q dn bbad Pi ha , 7 3d 3 3 3 0(r Ci. 0 4) Pelde do sno ofe a yac ptbee ie eu rM c ign 3 , 4 3d r 2 0 ). le r e t fr n c e a l vd nc nde oug i a Sc l ;i ta he ma e c ncus r sae nt s c a :rN o f cf e c ul ha e nd h u nse d, k s o l o y ttme s u h s f g a tmd r o d v f und h m gu t, tod' t ' Re p. o t eMot t Dimis a 2 ( No.1 ) Atp o i t' y pei l ' s s t h l 'Pe r . o s s , t ECF 1. ne poi ,Pelte e n a knowl nt leiz ve c edgest t Rhe is s we e known a t l' JZ Alhough ha t sue t t Ha.' . t Pe lHe c m s tmtli ator y' i f e dve s pr ve e t pt e adon of t a m a le r bi l as t ne s ne f c nes e nt d he es nt he c l 2 d e v. lyo , 4 F. u p 1 4 , 1 5( D. . 9 2 ( f aealg do 'o ac n d o a voa o Ho n t Sa tn 3 3 S p . 1 2 1 4 W. Va 1 7 )A ' r lea n' f o s md n l ild n b cn o bet b sso ha a rl f. n n t he ai f bes ei ) e 5 i ence fe de e 'a til Pe lde does not pt f r s f e f c a s nnoc fvi nc ' t ta , le t ofe ufkint a m l uppor f li t or ls a ga ie dons . Spe ikal Pe lte ' a ua i cf l y, le irs ct l nnoc nce cnm s Cli s 1 a 2,f lunde Sc u e li , nm nd ai r hl be a e t c nm s do notpr e new r labl e de e a Pel irhad knowldge oft c us he l i es nt ei e vi nc nd lete e he cni sa t Hm e ofti l For Cli 1 Pelte pr um a y kne a ti lwher he ha be l m t he ra. nm , le ir es bl w t ra e d en on t ni of t m lr r a r pe. Re r e s li s l-e he ght he zde nd a ga dl s , 's e fs rdng satm e s ar not new z t e nt e rl bl e ie et rSc lp. Fo Cbi 2 t fd zlha a c u tpzvousytjce ei e vd nc mde hu a z m , he e ea be s o r e i l ee td Pelde ' a t a i e eclm be a e<-e e l e tsi n fo Ta l g )no ne l rs cu lnnoc nc li c us T xcud d e t y r m yor i t w e f h mo s e de e ascont m pl t d by Sc u . Pele irv.Robi on,2007 U . D it LEM S 33743, vi nc e ae hl ' ' lte ns S. s. a * 5 ( D. . y8 20 7 . t 3 WT Va Ma , 0 ) Pelée ' ot rcli s do notdiec l t ie a t lim oce e a gum e s butt cout le rs he nm r ty a s c ua t nc r nt , he t wila l .he unde Sc u t e ur t t Pele ts cli s a e pr ry dm e ba r l nayze t m r hl o ns e ha lde ' nm r ope l - r ed. Pel t r ie Cli 3 on diec a leée as d om r t ppea,i hi 2013 Louia Count Cic t Cour ha as l n s s y r ui t be pe déon,gnd i bi fr ta t r f r lha aspe n s ls nd hid ede a be ddons The a la e a habeasc t . ppelt nd our s r jce Pelée' alg tons e Pelde v. ee td l rs l ai .S e l r Common at 5 2 SE. 3 2 3 0 ( . . e e e we l 9 . 2d 8 , 9 Va Ct h, App.2 0 )rg vd nc ,10t drc a ctumsa da,etbihe ta Pelte a mitd 0 4 f ie e 7 h iet nd ic tn l sa ls s h t l ir d te q e he r ped a kzed d e vi :na a da n r a nd a c nd e eurne t d e be ch or t doc a t t t d o a a he k nd ha he vci sbod wa l ae i p o mi t t pontofln wh t t go jtal gbe a '; it m' y s octd n t xi t o he i y a d e e he d g tin g n. i ) Pelde ,No.1 0 1 0 0 a 9 1 ( .Ci.Ct J .3 ,2 1 )(g e i g wih t Vigri l r e 30 0 4 - 0, t - 0 Va r . ul 1 0 3 a r en t he t il a Co tofAppe l) Peld r 2 07 U..Dit LEM S 3 7 3 a * 6 27 Pelde v.Clr , ur as; l e , 0 e S s. 34, t 2- ; l r e ake 2 6 U. Dit LEXI 51 9 a * ( . Va Apr 1 ,20 6 . Re a dls ,Pelé rs 01 S. s. S 45 , t 3 W D. . . 8 1 ) g r e s l e ' e 6 alga le donse l i l c pli a xcusvey pm an boutti t tm ony;t t or Pel de ha nots zal es i he ef e le t s hown t t ha Cbi 3 i ne r la e,a pr vi l undicove a e e de e unde Schl . m s w, eibl nd e ousy s t bl vi nc r u Fot Cli 4,t diti tc tpr vi l f nm he stc out e ousy ound t t s a e c tsdimi s oft hat he t t out ' s s al he c nm was not c t r t f de allw . Pe l ir 2007 U . D it LEM S 337 a *27. li onta y o e r a lete , S. s. 43, t Addi donal t cnm r ga dsG a t tm ony;t r or ,Pel rsc am doesnotcons tt ly, he li e r I esi he ef e leée ' l i dtze ne r l bl e i e c und r S hl . Cli 6 pr tssc unsls fiut t q e d j or w ei e v d n é e c u a sm o e t o e' al e o u s on ur s a boutane pa a ùc ea Cl i 7 cont ndst tt pr ec i f ied t esa ih c i ws per r l nd om e ha he os uton al o tbls han of c t usody f D N A e de e. ''e f ct unde l ng t e c m s e s e a we e ot vi nc Th a s ryi hes bi xit d, nd r dic r bl , a t tm e of ti . The ef e t e cnm s do not c an ne r ibl s ove a e t he i ral t or , hes li ont i w ela e e de e unde Sc u . vi nc r hl The ef e none ofPel de ' c nm s a e e us d fom t f r ltm e ba ,and t r or , le zq l i t xc e r he ede a i - r he c tca our nnotr viF t e m e sofli c m s e e l a dt ls bi . 1 1. Pr 1 ocedur D ef t al aul3 TA) f d z lc ut m a no g a a wrt o ha a c m u t a pe ne i sae T e e a o t y t r nt E i f be s o s o ddo r n tt c t unls t pe ii r ha ft te used li s a e r m e esby pr s néng li cnm s usody e s he ttone s ls xha t ls t t e di ee zs li t tehg s saec u t' k rv.Co c rn,2 0F.d2 6 28 (t Ci. 0 )(i n 28 o h ihet tt o r. 'Ba e ro a 2 3 7 , 8 4h t 20 0 ct g i U.. j2 5 $() Sll n v.Bo rk l 5 6 U..8 8 8 8 (9 9) To met t SC. 2 49 1;O'llva i ec e, 2 S 3 , 4 1 9 ). e he exha don r quie e , a pe us e t m nt ddone f us ha pr s nt d t t sa e c ' l0t t r f t ve e e e o he t t out n h he m t ope aéve f c sa t contoli lga ptncpl . K a iv. nge one 300 F. 48 501 02 r a t nd he r lng e l i i es' ' s A l , 3d 7, - 3Peld rsp t o i as sc es e Hed e n sd f terq ie nso j2 4 a hsp dind e no l e' ei n s lo u csi . o s ot a sy h e urme t f 2 4 nd i e t o s t e d v o fl t e a e cp n Te h ial,tec u c ud ds s Peld r p d n wih u peu ie t alw hm t almd r ny x e do . c ncl h o u o l imis l e' e do to t rjdc o l i o y e s o r que ta hoe a fom t Folrh Cic tCour ofAppe l t fl a s e sve pe e s ut don r he lt rui t as o te ucc si ddon. H o ve ,t c tha we r he ouz s ds se t o Pelde' pr zh b a p d nswi u peu iea d slPeld rh sft d t fef a d rcie imisd wo f l zs i a e s e do t t rjdc n tl l e a al o t or n e ev e o ho i e ' e l per sin fom t Fotrh Cic t Snc lspe miso r he zt rui. i e z ddon i dm eba zd a m os c m sae pr dt l defu d,t i s - re nd t hi t oce ual a he he y c u t li ta ds s tepexo wi prjdc i teitrs o jdca eE nc. o r wi nse d imis h t n t eu ie n h neet fu iil f de y l h 7 (t Ci.2 0 )(nen lq tdonmak a ctdo o te ) . c m t th snotbe n 4h t 0 2 itr a uoa ts nd ia n mitd.. bi ha a h e pz s nt d t t hihes sat cout ne r hels m a be te t ase used i i i c e rt e e e o he g t t e t ve t e s y r a ed xha t f t s l a hat t c nm woul bepz e al bated unde s a e lw i t pe he l i d oc dur l y r r t t a f he ddone a t pt t pr e r tem ed o es nt i t tesaec 't 'Ba e,2 0F.d a 2 8 (i g Gtyv. teln 5 8U..1 2 1 1 t o h tt o' t' k r 2 3 t 8 cdn a Neh ra d, 1 S 5 , 6 (9 6) 1 9 ). Alo <g)ha a pe e i bar d fom s ed fdea r v e ofacnm t twa s , < be s ddon r s te r e lng e r l e iw a li ha s pz s nt d t a sat c ta fl ry a e es l deni on t i pe nt ade t e e e o t e out nd cea l nd xpr sy' ed he nde nde , qua e saeg o dofpr c dua dea l. Be ne v. eone 9 F. 1 3 ,1 4 (t Ci. 9 6 tt r un o e t l fut' n t An l , 2 3d 3 6 3 3 4h r 1 9 ) ' (i g Harsv.Re d 48 U. 2 5 2 3 (9 9) A pz e utlr l i a e u t ffi i cdn ri e , 9 S. 5 , 6 1 8 ). oc d a ue s d q ae f t s i r gulry ot consse l a i by t sat colf ' a i pe nt f f i does not e al it nty ppled he t e x- nd nde nde f t q' i fe ndg o afd rlc ns tzon ltln ' Ye tsv An eone 1 6 F.d 25 ,26 (t d pe n e ea o d t a 'ig.' at . d l ' l , 6 3 5 0 4h Ci. 9 9 (uo Ak v. lh ma 4 0U.. 8. (9 5) r 1 9 ) q dng e Oka o , 7 S 6 , 1 8 ). 75 fl a cnm i def uled,t n pe ff li s a t he ddone m us f i on t c nm utls he ca s r t al hat l i ze s n how . ta cus a p eudc o afnd me a mic rig o j dc mih e c s hsd ful' h t a e nd rj ie r u a ntl sara e f us e g t x u e i ea t' . Belv. ,41 F. u 2d6 7 6 6( D. . 00 )(i gFihe v. eon ,1 3F. l Tme 3 S pp. 5 , 7 W. Vâ 2 6 cdn s r An l e 6 3d 8 , 4 (t Ci. 9 8) 35 8 4 4h t 1 9 ). Cl m s 1 a 5 ha ne r bee pr e ed i Pele rspror sat or f r lfl . oi nd ve ve n es nt n lde ' i t e ede a ii ngs The cnm s coul not now be br li d ought t t sa e cour unde Vigni ' saat of o he t t t r r i as t tze l tdo ,Va Cod j 80 - 5 A)2 . Thee o e Cbi 1 a d 5 a e e ha td a d i a ns . e .1 6 4( () mi r f r , ms n r x use n def uled unde Ba t a t z ke . Flrher Cli s 6 and 7 ha pr vi l bee pr s nt t t Vigi a Supr m e l r , qm ve e ousy n e e ed o he r ni e Cou q but t e c ur f und t cnmstme bar d b j 8. - 5 A)2 . S c n 801 r h o to he li i - re y 01 6 4( () e éo . 8 65 A)2 i a i pe e ta a q t saegou f d n ig fd rlha a rve 4( () s n nde nd n nd de uae tt r nd or e yn e ea be s e iw. S ar w v.Di.De ' o Co r,4 F.S pp 2d 5 4,5 788( D.Va 20 6 ( .Co j ro t t f z. 39 u . 8 8 - E. . 0 ) Va de 8016 4( ()i a a e u t a ide nd n ba . . - 5 A)2 s n d q ae nd n pe e t o Pele irpr f r no e de e s lte ofe s vi nc howi et rca e or deful,a he f l t m ake a ng ihe us a t nd ais o c or bl cni ofa m a i ol a e l m c l nnoce e be us he as e t no T w r la e' e de i s nc ca e s rs < ne eibl ' vi nce n uppor t of li alga ls le dons I t d,Pelde c pli a . nsea le t om ans bout ti lt s ony a m a t r of publc ta e Hm nd te s i r c d n of whih i T w' nd f eibl' e i e c un r Mc ign a S hl . e ot one c s f 'a f l e' v d n e de oug i nd c u ne r a The ef e,Cli s 1,5,6,a 7 a e ba r d fom f r it viw be us t y a e de a t d r or nm nd r r e r ede a e e ca e he r f ule a h fist s w c us, rj ie o afnd me a micrig ofj dc . nd e al o ho a e p eudc , r u a ntl sara e us e I . V Fot t r ons sat d, t cout GRAN T S t m odon t dimi s Pel de ' he eas t e he t he o s s . le rs pe i i tm e ba r and pa dal pr dt y de a t d. An a opda e or rwilent r téon s i - r ed t ly oce uzl f ule ppr t de l e t sda hi y. The Cl k i die ed t s nd c esoft sm e ot ndlm opi on a a om panyi er s r ct o e opi hi m a ' ni nd cc ng or r t Pele r a t c de o lde nd o ouns lofr or f Re pondent Furher Sndi t pe e ec d ot s . t , ng hat ddone r ha fi dt ma easbsa da s wigoft d na ofac ns t do lr a rqurdb s al o k u tn l ho n e he e il o d u na kht s e ie y 28U. C. 22 3()1, c r aeofa pe lblt i DENI S. j 5 c() a edûct p aa ii s y ED. y M y S N TE R:Thi 7 6 da of a , 2017. s , 4 /- ,A' J/. 4 -q A rm - 2% . .. Un td S ae Dit t ud e ie tt s sdc l g 9

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