Formica v. Clarke

Filing 34

MEMORANDUM OPINION. Signed by Chief Judge Michael F. Urbanski on 7/10/2017. (slt)

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A R A 61 ,A
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I TH E U N I ED STATE S D I
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FOR THE W ESTERN DI TRI OFW RGI I
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NA
ROAN O U

M I AEL J S
CH
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D I SION
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JUL

12, 2017
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Pt dur Fort r s t tf l t m oton i D EN I .
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A c ur ma a nd o atta j g ntun zRul 5 e <1 t a c
o t y me r le ud me de e 9()f ) o c ommod t a
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o ()t c te tace ter toflw o p e n ma ietij d e' thio v. ttn, 9
r 3 o o rc la ro a r rve t nfs nus c .
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F.d 1 7 , 1 1 (t Ci. 1 9 ) f mpo tn l, ho ve , a Rue 5 e mo in f
2 0 6 08 4 h r 9 3 . f ra ty we r
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r onsde adon m a notbeus d t Te r t f ct a 1w orgi ly a gue i t pa ées
ec i r
y
e o r a gue he a s nd a i nal r d n he r '

b i f.' Pr e t M
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t Co v.D nCo I ' L. C. 1 F.S pp.3 5 9 5 ( D.Va
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i tnd t s to y o tu d s
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n s f n x to d n r e d
f
w hi s d be us s rngl ' Pac.I .Co. Am .N a ' Fie l .Co. 1 F. 396,403
ch houl
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ns
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tl t ns , 48 3d

(t Ci. 9 3 (uo g 1 Wdg te a.Fe r l a éc a d Pr e r j28 01 a 1 4 (d
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t p pos ofRue5 e i s ud no bespposd t ti i i e d t gv a t pp
he ur e
l 9() t ho l t u e ha t s ntnde o ie n mha y
lé a on a i na c nc t s yt eld e' .
ig nt e ddéo l ha e o wa h ' g .)
u '
Peétone c nm s t t c ztha e r d by holqtg t thi peddon i tm e bar e
i r l i hat he olt s r e
fi ha s
n
s i - r d.
H e a s rs t thei e ild t e zt bl t lng oft s a ut oflm iatonsbe us offt
s e t ha
s ntte o qlia e oli
he t t e i t i
ca e fhe

m a tz of til de ens couns l ' nnsealng lgal a ce i or ec l l a c
gniade
ra f e
eots il ci e
dvi , nc r t ega dvi e,
f a ze pr ie a Pe
r udtlnt onas s nd ddonerscii
' llgence. D e l i Supp.ofPe ' M ot f N e Tra
' c.n
'
frs
. or w il
a t Am e Fi ngsofFa 3,ECF N o.31.
nd o
nd ndi
ct

Pe ii r i m er l pr e i is
ttone s
ey es ntng s ues t t t cout at ad r e upon, et t
ha he
t le y uld
ihe
e es l orby r s bl i plc don,whe t c ' de e pe i rsha sa i a
xpr sy
ea ona e m i a
n he out nid dtone ' bea pplc éon
t

a de lned t is a c df e of a
nd ci
o s ue er kat
ppeaa lt E e has f d t s v an ù t r ni
lbiiy. l
aze o hos
a e ve ng
c nge i contoli lw ,ne e de e nota ia e a til ac e re r oflw ,orm a f t
ha
n
r lng a
w vi nc
valbl t ra, l a t or a
nies

ij t e Ho v r e n t u h Pe ne' mod do snotsdsyt rq ie nt o
nusi . we e, ve ho g ddo rs on e
c
a f he e urme s f
%

Rue5 e, hec tr wil if dic s h sag me s
l 9() t ozt l brel s u s i r u nt.
y
Re t ng e ét bl t lng, Pedtone ofe s M e ra W e t rs de i éon of
ga di
qt a e oli
i r ft
ri m
bse ' fni
Hii
lgence a t n sa est the wa dii i flng li sa e pe bnsa a
nd he t t ha
s lgent n ti ls t t dt
nd ppeas a t t
l, nd ha

fd ig nc i a a ta ino a ewoud bef luet a t epeii ha be n dl e '
f ll e e s n c nd g r nc
r i
l
al o c .Th tton s e ig nt'
'
t
i
I a 8. Peii r f is t ct a ne e de e or a c e a t t s
d. t
ttone al o ie ny w vi nc
ny as lw ha uppors hi
t s
pr
oposdon t hewasdii
i
hat
lgentr ga ci li f r lha asf
e rlng ls ede a be ing. M ea
nwhie t Supr m e
l, he
e
Cour of t Uried St t s has onl t c i d Tdue cii nc 'i c e an c r lm sa es
t
he zt
ae
y e opnze f
llge e' n e t i ic7 t nc ,

s h a whe a cnm a fl a def c
uc s
n
li nt ted
e dve pl di dltng t sa u or pe i whe e t
ea ng li he t t t y rod,
r he

c m a has a ével put ued flng t pr r f m s des t beng a ndoned by couns l
hi nt
c y s
li he ope or
pie i ba
e,

a whee t e c lia tha be n i uc d o t k d by hsa v r afsmic nd ti t
nd r h omp an n s e nd e r dc e
i d esr
s o uc n o
2

al e t flng de i t pas . See e . 1w.,v.D e ' ofVe e a Afa t ,498 U. 89,
low d he li
adlne o s
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9 (9 0 (iigBad n Cnt W ec meCt. Br wn, 6U..1 7 1 1(9 $) Holnd
6 1 9 ) ctn lwi p lo
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v.Flrd ,5 0 U. 6 1 6 3 (01 ) Fl- r f q tbe t ln i no warne ft t
oia 6 S. 3 , 5 2 0. lt , r uia l ol g s t ra td o a
the e
i
a d n vait cnm o e usbl ne lc .' Hol nd 5 0 U..a 6 3 (uo i 1wi 49
r e rey li f xc a e ge t'
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U. a 9 ) Th , ti rh snots wnta h wa Hl e i lsfd rlfi .
S. t 6. us Peione a
t
ho h t e s ig ntn l e ea ing
i
i
l
Pe
ddone as s a e t t ftl ha ds ps of t l iatons of prs '' e e t
t lo t t s ha fle r hi
he i t i
m
ion' w t he
e r or na y c t um sance t pr ve e hi Hm ey flng. H ow e r For ia has not
xt a di r ic t
hat e nt d s
l si
ve , m c
alge nor de ons r t d a hi be
le d
m
ta e nyt ng yond orlnay prs lm ia
ci l
ion i t dons Se Ra iez v.
. e mt

Yae, 71F.d9 3 9 (t Ci. 0 9 rorln r prs l tdo o èe ne'jac q
ts 5 3 9 , 98 9h t2 0 ) f c ay ion i a ns n ddo rs c es
i
mi
t t 1w l t t a d c pir(tieuni t d na at g t rofa c s t li pe s a lg l
o he a i a' n o e q z l he e il lo ehe c e s o l ron l e a
b y
t ke
s
pa r)wee net e fx r o dnay no ma i f
pe s r ih r e ta t i r ' r de t i sbl'f li t fl l spei n i a
mposi e ot nm o te l tdo n
i
Hm ey m a r Gi n e n t m os c m on da t da s c uiy t t
l
nne . ve ve he
t om
y-o- y e t t esdcdons i prs
n i on,

c ncudn o he wiewou dpe i t e c pdont s l w t r 1.)
o l ig t r s
l = t he x e
o wal he ue? .
o
'
The ef e,Pe i
r or
étoner hasnotpr ty de onsr t t he e r i e due dii nc
ope l m t aed hat
xe c s d
lge e
a t e r or na y ext z l czc s a es pr ve e t tm ey flng of hi f de a
nd hat xta di r
e na i um t nc
e nt d he i l li
s e rl

ha aspe
be
ddon. A st c tpr vi l he d,Pe
he our e ousy l
ddone ' i prs
rs m ioned s a ts a li l k of
t tz nd ls ac
knowl
edge a
boutl ga pr s do nots
e l oce s
uppor gr ntng s h e r ordi t r i . Se H a rs
t a i uc xta nay elef e r i

v. clns n, 09F.d3 5 3 (t Ci. 0 0.
Hutli o 2 3 2 , 30 4h z 2 0 )
Flrhe ,a c r a e ofappe a lt i r r d t a a t deza of a m odon t
x t r e dhc t
albiiy s equie o ppe l he ri l
o

atro a n aj g nti a h be sc s .Thec u td nist pe ne ac r ia eof
le r me d ud me n a a a e
o r e e he ddo r e éfc t

a aa it,b cus juit ofraonwozdnotf t c t tsr s u n o p d e'
ppelbly e a e t ss es
i
t
l
i he oz ' eoléo f e don rs
nd
r
m oton f r onsde a
i or ec i r don t be de t bl
o
ba a e.
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